Sort network plug-in versions newest first and mark only the loaded build

Discovered builds were inserted positionally behind the whitelist entry they
anchored to, so an OTA-installed 02.08.01.53 listed below 02.08.01.52. The list
is now built by appending and sorting once, which also drops the per-entry
insertion scans.

"(installed)" tested whether the library was present on disk, so it marked every
version ever selected - switching leaves the previous library in place. The flag
is now is_loaded, resolved against the plug-in actually loaded, and the two
combo populators share one label helper.

.github/workflows/build_all.yml

@@ -57,17 +57,13 @@ jobs:
   build_linux:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      # Build both arches on every event (PRs included), through the same
-      # build_check_cache -> build_deps -> build_orca chain (the AppImage).
-      # aarch64 always uses the GitHub-hosted arm runner (there is no arm
-      # self-hosted server). amd64's empty arch is load-bearing: it keeps the
-      # historical 'linux-clang' deps cache key and the unsuffixed asset names.
+      # SELF_HOSTED skips arm64 (no arm self-hosted server). amd64's empty arch
+      # is load-bearing: it keeps the historical 'linux-clang' deps cache key and
+      # the unsuffixed asset names.
       matrix:
-        include:
-          - arch: ""
-            os: ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'orca-lnx-server' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
-          - arch: "aarch64"
-            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+        include: ${{ fromJSON(vars.SELF_HOSTED
+          && '[{"arch":"","os":"orca-lnx-server"}]'
+          || '[{"arch":"","os":"ubuntu-24.04"},{"arch":"aarch64","os":"ubuntu-24.04-arm"}]') }}
     # Don't run scheduled builds on forks:
     if: ${{ !cancelled() && (github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository == 'OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer') }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_check_cache.yml
@@ -80,18 +76,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Windows ${{ matrix.arch }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
+      # SELF_HOSTED skips arm64 (the self-hosted Windows server is x64-only).
       matrix:
-        include:
-          - arch: x64
-            os: windows-latest
-          - arch: arm64
-            os: windows-11-arm
+        include: ${{ fromJSON(vars.SELF_HOSTED
+          && '[{"arch":"x64","os":"orca-win-server"}]'
+          || '[{"arch":"x64","os":"windows-latest"},{"arch":"arm64","os":"windows-11-arm"}]') }}
     # Don't run scheduled builds on forks:
     if: ${{ !cancelled() && (github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository == 'OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer') }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build_check_cache.yml
     with:
-      # Self-hosted runner is x64-only; ARM64 always uses the GitHub-hosted runner.
-      os: ${{ (matrix.arch == 'x64' && vars.SELF_HOSTED) && 'orca-win-server' || matrix.os }}
+      os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
       build-deps-only: ${{ inputs.build-deps-only || false }}
       force-build: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
@@ -122,54 +116,97 @@ jobs:
       arch: universal
       macos-combine-only: true
     secrets: inherit
-  unit_tests:
-    name: Unit Tests
-    # Tests are built on the aarch64 leg by default (faster GitHub arm runner),
-    # so run them there; self-hosted builds them on the amd64 server instead.
-    runs-on: ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'orca-lnx-server' || 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' }}
+  # One test job per built arch, on the runner that built it.
+  unit_tests_linux_x86_64:
+    name: Linux x86_64
     needs: build_linux
     if: ${{ !cancelled() && success() }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
+    with:
+      os: ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'orca-lnx-server' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
+      artifact: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-linux-x86_64
+  unit_tests_linux_aarch64:
+    name: Linux aarch64
+    needs: build_linux
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && success() && !vars.SELF_HOSTED }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
+    with:
+      os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+      artifact: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-linux-aarch64
+  unit_tests_windows_x64:
+    name: Windows x64
+    needs: build_windows
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && success() }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
+    with:
+      os: ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'orca-win-server' || 'windows-latest' }}
+      artifact: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-windows-x64
+  unit_tests_windows_arm64:
+    name: Windows arm64
+    needs: build_windows
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && success() && !vars.SELF_HOSTED }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
+    with:
+      os: windows-11-arm
+      artifact: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-windows-arm64
+      test-dir: build-arm64/tests
+  unit_tests_macos_arm64:
+    name: macOS arm64
+    needs: build_macos_arch
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && success() }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
+    with:
+      os: ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'orca-macos-arm64' || 'macos-14' }}
+      artifact: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-macos-arm64
+      test-dir: build/arm64/tests
+  # Slice a two-colour cube through every shipped printer so all custom g-code
+  # (change_filament_gcode, machine start/end, etc.) is expanded - catches
+  # slicing regressions the static profile checks and unit tests can't see.
+  # Profile-only PRs are covered by check_profiles.yml's nightly binary; this
+  # covers src/engine PRs with the PR-built binary.
+  slice_check_linux:
+    name: Slice check (Linux ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'x86_64' || 'aarch64' }})
+    needs: build_linux
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && success() }}
+    # Follows whichever Linux leg built the validator.
+    runs-on: ${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'orca-lnx-server' || 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' }}
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
+      - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v7
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: |
-            .github
-            scripts
-            tests
-      - name: Apt-Install Dependencies
-        if: ${{ !vars.SELF_HOSTED }}
-        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-install-deps
-      - name: Restore Test Artifact
+      - name: Download profile validator
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          name: ${{ github.sha }}-tests
-      - uses: lukka/get-cmake@latest
-        with:
-          cmakeVersion: "~4.3.0"  # use most recent 4.3.x version
-          useLocalCache: true         # <--= Use the local cache (default is 'false').
-          useCloudCache: true
-      - name: Unpackage and Run Unit Tests
-        timeout-minutes: 20
+          name: ${{ github.sha }}-profile-validator-linux-${{ vars.SELF_HOSTED && 'x86_64' || 'aarch64' }}
+          path: validator-bin
+      - name: Validate slice (expand custom g-code)
+        timeout-minutes: 60
         run: |
-          tar -xvf build_tests.tar
-          scripts/run_unit_tests.sh
-      - name: Upload Test Logs
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
+          chmod +x validator-bin/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator
+          ./validator-bin/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator -p "${{ github.workspace }}/resources/profiles" -s -l 2
+  publish_test_results:
+    name: Publish Test Results
+    needs: [unit_tests_linux_x86_64, unit_tests_linux_aarch64, unit_tests_windows_x64, unit_tests_windows_arm64, unit_tests_macos_arm64]
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Download Test Results
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          name: unit-test-logs
-          path: build/tests/**/*.log
+          pattern: test-results-*
+          path: test-results
+      # Best-effort: a read-only token (e.g. fork PRs) can't write the check, so
+      # don't let a publish failure fail the run. The test jobs gate correctness.
       - name: Publish Test Results
-        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
         uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action@v2
         with:
-          files: "ctest_results.xml"
-      - name: Delete Test Artifact
+          files: "test-results/**/*.xml"
+      - name: Delete Test Results
         if: success()
         uses: geekyeggo/delete-artifact@v6
         with:
-          name: ${{ github.sha }}-tests
+          name: test-results-*
+          failOnError: false
   flatpak:
     name: "Flatpak"
     container:

.github/workflows/build_orca.yml

@@ -141,8 +141,26 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build slicer mac
         if: runner.os == 'macOS' && !inputs.macos-combine-only
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        # arm64 only: build the tests here; the unit_tests_macos job runs them.
+        env:
+          ORCA_TESTS_BUILD_ONLY: ${{ inputs.arch == 'arm64' && '1' || '' }}
         run: |
-          ./build_release_macos.sh -s -n -x ${{ !vars.SELF_HOSTED && '-1' || '' }} -a ${{ inputs.arch }} -t 10.15
+          ./build_release_macos.sh -s -n -x ${{ !vars.SELF_HOSTED && '-1' || '' }} -a ${{ inputs.arch }} -t 10.15 ${{ inputs.arch == 'arm64' && '-T' || '' }}
+
+      - name: Pack unit tests mac
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS' && !inputs.macos-combine-only && inputs.arch == 'arm64'
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: tar -cvf build_tests.tar build/arm64/tests
+
+      - name: Upload Test Artifact mac
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS' && !inputs.macos-combine-only && inputs.arch == 'arm64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-macos-arm64
+          overwrite: true
+          path: build_tests.tar
+          retention-days: 5
+          if-no-files-found: error
 
       - name: Pack macOS app bundle ${{ inputs.arch }}
         if: runner.os == 'macOS' && !inputs.macos-combine-only
@@ -204,9 +222,14 @@ jobs:
           security list-keychain -d user -s $KEYCHAIN_PATH
           security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k $P12_PASSWORD $KEYCHAIN_PATH
           codesign --deep --force --verbose --options runtime --timestamp --entitlements ${{ github.workspace }}/scripts/disable_validation.entitlements --sign "$CERTIFICATE_ID" ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer.app
+          # --deep is deprecated and signing/sealing can fail or skip files in
+          # non-standard layouts (python/bin, python/lib/**, tools/uv). Verify
+          # here so coverage gaps fail at CI time rather than at notarization.
+          codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer.app
           # Sign OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app if it exists
           if [ -f "${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator" ]; then
             codesign --deep --force --verbose --options runtime --timestamp --entitlements ${{ github.workspace }}/scripts/disable_validation.entitlements --sign "$CERTIFICATE_ID" ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
+            codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 ${{ github.workspace }}/build/universal/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
           fi
           
           # Create main OrcaSlicer DMG without the profile validator helper
@@ -335,11 +358,28 @@ jobs:
         # env:
         #   WindowsSdkDir: 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\'
         #   WindowsSDKVersion: '10.0.26100.0\'
+        # "tests" builds the unit tests too; the unit_tests_windows_* jobs run them.
         run: |
           $arch = "${{ inputs.arch }}"
-          if ($arch -eq "arm64") { .\build_release_vs.bat slicer arm64 } else { .\build_release_vs.bat slicer }
+          if ($arch -eq "arm64") { .\build_release_vs.bat slicer arm64 tests } else { .\build_release_vs.bat slicer tests }
         shell: pwsh
 
+      - name: Pack unit tests Win
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: tar -cvf build_tests.tar ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/tests
+
+      - name: Upload Test Artifact Win
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-windows-${{ inputs.arch }}
+          overwrite: true
+          path: build_tests.tar
+          retention-days: 5
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
       # NSIS is x86-only; it runs (and the installer it emits runs) under ARM64's
       # x86 emulation, packaging the native arm64 payload from build-arm64.
       - name: Create installer Win
@@ -452,31 +492,41 @@ jobs:
         if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          # Build + tar the unit tests (-t) only on the leg that runs them: the
-          # aarch64 leg by default (faster GitHub arm runner), or amd64 when using
-          # self-hosted runners (no arm self-hosted server). unit_tests downloads
-          # this tarball. The profile validator is built with -s, so amd64 keeps it.
-          tests=${{ (!vars.SELF_HOSTED && inputs.arch == 'aarch64') || (vars.SELF_HOSTED && inputs.arch != 'aarch64') }}
-          if $tests; then flags=-istrlL; else flags=-isrlL; fi
-          ./build_linux.sh "$flags"
+          # Build + tar the unit tests (-t) on both Linux legs so each arch
+          # (x86_64 + aarch64) gets tested by its own unit_tests_linux_* job.
+          ./build_linux.sh -istrlL
           ./scripts/check_appimage_libs.sh ./build/package ./build/package/bin/orca-slicer
           appimage=./build/OrcaSlicer_Linux_AppImage${{ env.ubuntu-ver-str }}${{ env.arch_suffix }}_${{ env.ver }}.AppImage
           mv -n ./build/OrcaSlicer_Linux_V${{ env.ver_pure }}.AppImage "$appimage"
           chmod +x "$appimage"
-          if $tests; then tar -cvpf build_tests.tar build/tests; fi
+          tar -cvf build_tests.tar build/tests
 
         # Use tar because upload-artifacts won't always preserve directory structure
         # and doesn't preserve file permissions
       - name: Upload Test Artifact
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux' && ((!vars.SELF_HOSTED && inputs.arch == 'aarch64') || (vars.SELF_HOSTED && inputs.arch != 'aarch64'))
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
-          name: ${{ github.sha }}-tests
+          name: ${{ github.sha }}-tests-linux-${{ inputs.arch == 'aarch64' && 'aarch64' || 'x86_64' }}
           overwrite: true
           path: build_tests.tar
           retention-days: 5
           if-no-files-found: error
 
+        # Ship the freshly-built validator so slice_check_linux (build_all.yml)
+        # can slice-sweep the shipped profiles with this PR's engine. Taken from
+        # the aarch64 leg so the sweep also exercises the arm build; x86_64 on
+        # SELF_HOSTED, which skips arm64.
+      - name: Upload profile validator (for slice check)
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && (vars.SELF_HOSTED && inputs.arch != 'aarch64' || !vars.SELF_HOSTED && inputs.arch == 'aarch64') }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: ${{ github.sha }}-profile-validator-linux-${{ inputs.arch == 'aarch64' && 'aarch64' || 'x86_64' }}
+          overwrite: true
+          path: ./build/src/Release/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator
+          retention-days: 5
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
       - name: Run external slicer regression tests
         if: runner.os == 'Linux' && inputs.arch != 'aarch64'
         timeout-minutes: 20

.github/workflows/check_profiles.yml

@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ jobs:
           set +e
           ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator -p ${{ github.workspace }}/resources/profiles -l 2 2>&1 | tee ${{ runner.temp }}/validate_system.log
           exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
+      # Slice a two-colour cube through every printer so all custom g-code (incl. change_filament_gcode)
+      # is expanded - catches undefined-placeholder / invalid-flow bugs the static checks above cannot see.
+      - name: validate slice (expand custom g-code)
+        id: validate_slice
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          set +e
+          ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator -p ${{ github.workspace }}/resources/profiles -s -l 2 2>&1 | tee ${{ runner.temp }}/validate_slice.log
+          exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
       # For now run filament subtype check only for BBL profiles until we fix other vendors' profiles.
       - name: validate filament subtype check for BBL profiles
         id: validate_filament_subtypes
@@ -166,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}" > ${{ runner.temp }}/profile-check-results/pr_number.txt
 
       - name: Prepare comment artifact
-        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (steps.extra_json_check.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_system.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_filament_subtypes.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_custom.outcome == 'failure') }}
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (steps.extra_json_check.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_system.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_slice.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_filament_subtypes.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_custom.outcome == 'failure') }}
         run: |
           {
             # Marker matched by check_profiles_comment.yml to delete prior comments.
@@ -192,6 +201,15 @@ jobs:
               echo ""
             fi
 
+            if [ "${{ steps.validate_slice.outcome }}" = "failure" ]; then
+              echo "### Slice Validation Failed (custom g-code expansion)"
+              echo ""
+              echo '```'
+              head -c 30000 ${{ runner.temp }}/validate_slice.log || echo "No output captured"
+              echo '```'
+              echo ""
+            fi
+
             if [ "${{ steps.validate_filament_subtypes.outcome }}" = "failure" ]; then
               echo "### BBL Filament Subtype Validation Failed"
               echo ""
@@ -223,7 +241,7 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 1
 
       - name: Fail if any check failed
-        if: ${{ always() && (steps.extra_json_check.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_system.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_filament_subtypes.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_custom.outcome == 'failure') }}
+        if: ${{ always() && (steps.extra_json_check.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_system.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_slice.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_filament_subtypes.outcome == 'failure' || steps.validate_custom.outcome == 'failure') }}
         run: |
           echo "One or more profile checks failed. See above for details."
           exit 1

.github/workflows/dedupe-issues.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           prompt: "/dedupe ${{ github.repository }}/issues/${{ github.event.issue.number || inputs.issue_number }}"
           claude_code_oauth_token: ${{ secrets.CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN }}
-          claude_args: "--model claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929"
+          model: "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929"
           claude_env: |
             GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 

.github/workflows/pr-label-bot.yml

@@ -79,6 +79,92 @@ jobs:
               throw error;
             }
 
+  localization-pr:
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Auto-label and remind about the localization glossary
+        uses: actions/github-script@v9
+        with:
+          script: |
+            function isPermissionDenied(error) {
+              return error && error.status === 403 && /Resource not accessible by integration/i.test(error.message || '');
+            }
+
+            const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+
+            // List changed files once (mirrors the `localization/**` paths filter in check_locale.yml)
+            const files = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listFiles, {
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              pull_number: pr.number,
+              per_page: 100
+            });
+            const touchesLocalization = files.some((file) => file.filename.startsWith('localization/'));
+            const onlyPoFiles = files.length > 0 && files.every((file) => file.filename.endsWith('.po'));
+
+            // If the PR changes only .po files, automatically apply the Localization label
+            if (onlyPoFiles) {
+              try {
+                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  issue_number: pr.number,
+                  labels: ['Localization']
+                });
+                core.info('Applied Localization label (PR changes only .po files).');
+              } catch (error) {
+                if (isPermissionDenied(error)) {
+                  core.warning('Cannot add Localization label because token cannot write.');
+                } else {
+                  throw error;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (!touchesLocalization) {
+              core.info('No localization changes detected; skipping glossary reminder.');
+              return;
+            }
+
+            // Avoid posting the reminder twice (e.g. on reopen)
+            const marker = '<!-- localization-glossary-reminder -->';
+            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, {
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: pr.number,
+              per_page: 100
+            });
+            if (comments.some((comment) => (comment.body || '').includes(marker))) {
+              core.info('Glossary reminder already present; skipping.');
+              return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                issue_number: pr.number,
+                body:
+                  `${marker}\n` +
+                  `Hi @${pr.user.login}, this PR changes translations (\`localization/**\`).\n\n` +
+                  `Please make sure recurring terms follow the [Localization glossary](https://www.orcaslicer.com/wiki/localization_glossary), ` +
+                  `so the same English term is always rendered the same way within a language and terms that must stay in English ` +
+                  `(brand/product names, acronyms, file formats, G-code, macros/variables) are not translated.`
+              });
+            } catch (error) {
+              if (isPermissionDenied(error)) {
+                core.warning('Skipping glossary reminder because token cannot write comments.');
+                return;
+              }
+
+              throw error;
+            }
+
   apply-label:
     if: github.event_name == 'issue_comment'
     permissions:

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: Unit Tests
+
+# Download a platform's test artifact, run ctest, and upload the JUnit
+# results for aggregation. Called once per arch from build_all.yml.
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      os:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      artifact:
+        description: Test artifact uploaded by the build leg
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      test-dir:
+        description: Built tests dir; defaults to build/tests, override for arch-separated builds
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: build/tests
+
+jobs:
+  unit_tests:
+    # Static "Unit Tests"; the per-arch label is the caller's job name, so the
+    # graph shows e.g. "Windows x64 / Unit Tests".
+    name: Unit Tests
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          # Tests reach outside tests/ at runtime: tests/data (TEST_DATA_DIR) and
+          # resources/profiles (PROFILES_DIR) by baked-in absolute path, plus
+          # resources/info (nozzle data) via resources_dir() during a real slice.
+          # Check out all of resources/ so no test hits a missing-file path.
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github
+            scripts
+            tests
+            resources
+      - name: Apt-Install Dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux' && !vars.SELF_HOSTED
+        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-install-deps
+      - name: Restore Test Artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: ${{ inputs.artifact }}
+      - uses: lukka/get-cmake@latest
+        with:
+          cmakeVersion: "~4.3.0"  # use most recent 4.3.x version
+          useLocalCache: true
+          useCloudCache: true
+      - name: Unpackage and Run Unit Tests
+        timeout-minutes: 20
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          tar -xvf build_tests.tar
+          # Multi-config generators (Windows/macOS) need a config; Linux is single-config.
+          scripts/run_unit_tests.sh "${{ inputs.test-dir }}" "${{ runner.os != 'Linux' && 'Release' || '' }}"
+      - name: Upload Test Logs
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: unit-test-logs-${{ inputs.artifact }}
+          path: ${{ inputs.test-dir }}/**/*.log
+      - name: Upload Test Results
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: test-results-${{ inputs.artifact }}
+          path: ctest_results.xml
+          retention-days: 5
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+      - name: Delete Test Artifact
+        if: success()
+        uses: geekyeggo/delete-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: ${{ inputs.artifact }}

AGENTS.md

@@ -55,3 +55,11 @@ ctest --test-dir ./tests/fff_print
 - Add helper functions or utilities only when existing code cannot reasonably be reused. Avoid duplication.
 - Keep code concise and clear. Manually simplify AI generated bloated codes before review.
 - Include targeted tests or documented verification for behavior changes, especially in slicing logic, profiles, formats, and GUI defaults.
+- For translation changes (`localization/i18n/**/*.po`), check that recurring terms match the [Localization glossary](https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_WIKI/blob/main/guides/localization_glossary.md) for that language.
+
+## Localization & translations
+
+- Translation catalogs live in `localization/i18n/<lang>/OrcaSlicer_<lang>.po`.
+- When creating or reviewing translations, use the [Localization glossary](https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_WIKI/blob/main/guides/localization_glossary.md) as the source of truth for recurring terms, so the same English term is always rendered the same way within a language and terms that must stay in English (brand/product names, acronyms, file formats, G-code, macros/variables) are not translated.
+- If a term's established translation changes, update both the affected `.po` files and the glossary so they stay in sync.
+- Only edit `msgstr` (never `msgid`); keep placeholders (`%s`, `%1%`, `\n`), context (`msgctxt`), and file encoding/line endings intact.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -125,6 +125,131 @@ option(SLIC3R_PCH               "Use precompiled headers" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_MSVC_COMPILE_PARALLEL "Compile on Visual Studio in parallel" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_MSVC_PDB          "Generate PDB files on MSVC in Release mode" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_ASAN              "Enable ASan on Clang and GCC" 0)
+
+# Python stubgen module
+option(ORCA_BUILD_PYTHON_STUBGEN_MODULE "Build importable Python module for pybind11-stubgen" ON)
+set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to a uv executable to bundle for Python package installation. Leave empty to auto-download.")
+
+# Auto-download uv if not provided by the user.
+# uv is pinned: the executable ships inside the signed app, so the build must
+# be reproducible and the download verified. To upgrade, bump ORCA_UV_VERSION
+# and refresh every hash below from the release's .sha256 assets, e.g.:
+#   curl -sL https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/download/<ver>/uv-<triple>.tar.gz.sha256
+set(ORCA_UV_VERSION "0.11.21")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_aarch64-apple-darwin      "1f921d491ba5ffeea774eb04d6681ecee379101341cbb1500394993b541bf3f4")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_x86_64-apple-darwin       "f3c8e5708a84b920c18b691214d54d2b0da6b984789caae95d47c95120cb7765")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu "88e800834007cc5efd4675f166eb2a51e7e3ad19876d85fa8805a6fb5c922397")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu  "8c88519b0ef0af9801fcdee419bbb12116bd9e6b18e162ae093c932d8b264050")
+set(ORCA_UV_SHA256_x86_64-pc-windows-msvc    "ace861f360c6de2babedc1607d0f454b6b09a820dbc8182dc15af927e4df9589")
+
+# Version-scoped cache dir so a version bump invalidates the cached binary.
+set(ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.uv/${ORCA_UV_VERSION}")
+set(ORCA_UV_BINARY "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv")
+if(WIN32)
+    set(ORCA_UV_BINARY "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv.exe")
+endif()
+
+# Older configures FORCE-cached the auto-downloaded path; any cache entry
+# under .uv/ is that legacy value -- clear it so auto-download re-resolves
+# (user-provided paths never live under .uv/).
+if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE MATCHES "/\\.uv/")
+    set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the auto-downloaded uv executable" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+        # Select uv by TARGET arch. On macOS universal builds each leg sets a single
+        # CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES (and the x86_64 leg cross-builds on an arm64 runner),
+        # so prefer it over the host CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR -- otherwise both legs fetch
+        # the same arch and the later universal lipo merge of tools/uv/uv fails.
+        set(_orca_uv_proc "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+        if(APPLE AND CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+            set(_orca_uv_proc "${CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES}")
+        endif()
+        # All release archives are tar.gz except the Windows zip.
+        set(ORCA_UV_EXT "tar.gz")
+        if(_orca_uv_proc MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64|amd64")
+            if(WIN32)
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc")
+                set(ORCA_UV_EXT "zip")
+            elseif(APPLE)
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "x86_64-apple-darwin")
+            else()
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")
+            endif()
+        elseif(_orca_uv_proc MATCHES "aarch64|arm64|ARM64")
+            if(APPLE)
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "aarch64-apple-darwin")
+            else()
+                set(ORCA_UV_ARCH "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu")
+            endif()
+        else()
+            message(WARNING "Unsupported architecture for auto-downloading uv: ${_orca_uv_proc}")
+        endif()
+
+        if(ORCA_UV_ARCH)
+            set(ORCA_UV_URL "https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/download/${ORCA_UV_VERSION}/uv-${ORCA_UV_ARCH}.${ORCA_UV_EXT}")
+            set(ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv-archive.${ORCA_UV_EXT}")
+            file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
+            message(STATUS "Downloading uv ${ORCA_UV_VERSION} from ${ORCA_UV_URL} ...")
+            file(DOWNLOAD "${ORCA_UV_URL}" "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}" STATUS ORCA_UV_DL_STATUS TLS_VERIFY ON)
+            list(GET ORCA_UV_DL_STATUS 0 ORCA_UV_DL_CODE)
+            list(GET ORCA_UV_DL_STATUS 1 ORCA_UV_DL_MSG)
+            if(NOT ORCA_UV_DL_CODE EQUAL 0)
+                # Network failure keeps the historical graceful degradation (uv is
+                # optional at build time) -- but a hash mismatch below is fatal.
+                message(WARNING "Failed to download uv: ${ORCA_UV_DL_MSG}")
+                file(REMOVE "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}")
+            else()
+                file(SHA256 "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}" _orca_uv_actual_sha256)
+                if(NOT _orca_uv_actual_sha256 STREQUAL "${ORCA_UV_SHA256_${ORCA_UV_ARCH}}")
+                    file(REMOVE "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}")
+                    message(FATAL_ERROR
+                        "uv archive checksum mismatch for ${ORCA_UV_ARCH} ${ORCA_UV_VERSION}:\n"
+                        "  expected ${ORCA_UV_SHA256_${ORCA_UV_ARCH}}\n"
+                        "  actual   ${_orca_uv_actual_sha256}\n"
+                        "Possible tampering or a stale pin; refusing to bundle.")
+                endif()
+                message(STATUS "Extracting uv ...")
+                file(ARCHIVE_EXTRACT INPUT "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}" DESTINATION "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
+                file(REMOVE "${ORCA_UV_ARCHIVE}")
+                # Pinned archives have a fixed layout: the tarballs hold
+                # uv-<triple>/uv, the Windows zip holds uv.exe at the root
+                # (already at ORCA_UV_BINARY). A layout change implies a new
+                # archive, hence a hash bump -- and RENAME fails loudly.
+                if(NOT WIN32)
+                    file(RENAME "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv-${ORCA_UV_ARCH}/uv" "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+                    file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${ORCA_UV_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/uv-${ORCA_UV_ARCH}")
+                endif()
+            endif()
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    if(EXISTS "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+        # Plain set (shadows the empty cache entry for this configure run):
+        # the version-scoped path re-derives every configure, so a version
+        # bump takes effect in warm build dirs without cache surgery.
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "${ORCA_UV_BINARY}")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+# Resolve ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE -> ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG / ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME
+# Must run before add_subdirectory(src) so target_compile_definitions sees it.
+if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+    if(EXISTS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}")
+        file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG)
+        get_filename_component(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" NAME)
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE does not exist: ${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}")
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE "")
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG "")
+        set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME "")
+    endif()
+else()
+    set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE_CONFIG "")
+    set(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME "")
+endif()
+
 # If SLIC3R_FHS is 1 -> SLIC3R_DESKTOP_INTEGRATION is always 0, othrewise variable.
 CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(SLIC3R_DESKTOP_INTEGRATION "Allow performing desktop integration during runtime" 1 "NOT SLIC3R_FHS" 0)
 
@@ -710,7 +835,7 @@ endif ()
 set(L10N_DIR "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/i18n")
 set(BBL_L18N_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/localization/i18n")
 add_custom_target(gettext_make_pot
-    COMMAND xgettext --keyword=L --keyword=_L --keyword=_u8L --keyword=L_CONTEXT:1,2c --keyword=_L_PLURAL:1,2 --add-comments=TRN --from-code=UTF-8 --no-location --debug --boost
+    COMMAND xgettext --keyword=L --keyword=_L --keyword=_u8L --keyword=L_CONTEXT:1,2c --keyword=_CTX:1,2c --keyword=_CTX_utf8:1,2c --keyword=_L_PLURAL:1,2 --add-comments=TRN --from-code=UTF-8 --no-location --debug --boost
         -f "${BBL_L18N_DIR}/list.txt"
         -o "${BBL_L18N_DIR}/OrcaSlicer.pot"
     COMMAND hintsToPot ${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR} ${BBL_L18N_DIR}
@@ -750,6 +875,86 @@ endforeach()
 
 find_package(NLopt 1.4 REQUIRED)
 
+# Use bundled Python from deps instead of system Python
+set(_bundled_python_version "3.12.13")
+set(_bundled_python_abi "312")
+string(REGEX REPLACE "^([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\\..*$" "\\1" _bundled_python_version_short "${_bundled_python_version}")
+set(_bundled_python_root "${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}/libpython")
+set(Python3_ROOT_DIR "${_bundled_python_root}" CACHE PATH "Root directory for bundled Python" FORCE)
+set(Python3_USE_STATIC_LIBS OFF)
+set(Python3_FIND_STRATEGY LOCATION)
+set(Python3_FIND_IMPLEMENTATIONS CPython)
+
+if(WIN32)
+    set(_bundled_python_executable "${_bundled_python_root}/python.exe")
+    set(_bundled_python_library "${_bundled_python_root}/libs/python${_bundled_python_abi}.lib")
+    if(EXISTS "${_bundled_python_root}/python_d.exe")
+        set(_bundled_python_executable "${_bundled_python_root}/python_d.exe")
+    endif()
+    if(EXISTS "${_bundled_python_root}/libs/python${_bundled_python_abi}_d.lib")
+        set(_bundled_python_library "${_bundled_python_root}/libs/python${_bundled_python_abi}_d.lib")
+    endif()
+
+    set(Python3_FIND_REGISTRY NEVER)
+    set(Python3_EXECUTABLE "${_bundled_python_executable}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python executable" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_INCLUDE_DIR "${_bundled_python_root}/include" CACHE PATH "Bundled Python include directory" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_LIBRARY "${_bundled_python_library}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python embed import library" FORCE)
+elseif(APPLE)
+    set(Python3_FIND_FRAMEWORK NEVER)
+
+    find_program(_bundled_python_executable
+        NAMES python${_bundled_python_version_short} python3
+        PATHS "${_bundled_python_root}/bin"
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+    find_path(_bundled_python_include_dir
+        NAMES Python.h
+        PATHS
+            "${_bundled_python_root}/include/python${_bundled_python_version_short}"
+            "${_bundled_python_root}/include"
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+    find_library(_bundled_python_library
+        NAMES python${_bundled_python_version_short} libpython${_bundled_python_version_short}
+        PATHS "${_bundled_python_root}/lib"
+        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+    )
+
+    if(NOT _bundled_python_executable)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Python executable not found under ${_bundled_python_root}/bin")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT _bundled_python_include_dir)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Python headers not found under ${_bundled_python_root}/include")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT _bundled_python_library)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Python library not found under ${_bundled_python_root}/lib")
+    endif()
+
+    set(Python3_EXECUTABLE "${_bundled_python_executable}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python executable" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_INCLUDE_DIR "${_bundled_python_include_dir}" CACHE PATH "Bundled Python include directory" FORCE)
+    set(Python3_LIBRARY "${_bundled_python_library}" CACHE FILEPATH "Bundled Python embed library" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+find_package(Python3 ${_bundled_python_version} EXACT REQUIRED
+    COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.Embed
+)
+
+# Provide a minimal pybind11::embed target sourced from deps_src/pybind11 headers.
+set(PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/deps_src/pybind11")
+if(NOT EXISTS "${PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR}/include/pybind11/pybind11.h")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "pybind11 headers not found in ${PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR}. Did you initialize submodules?")
+endif()
+
+add_library(pybind11_headers INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(pybind11_headers INTERFACE "${PYBIND11_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+add_library(pybind11::headers ALIAS pybind11_headers)
+add_library(pybind11::pybind11 ALIAS pybind11_headers)
+
+add_library(pybind11_embed INTERFACE)
+target_link_libraries(pybind11_embed INTERFACE pybind11_headers Python3::Python)
+target_compile_definitions(pybind11_embed INTERFACE PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+add_library(pybind11::embed ALIAS pybind11_embed)
+
 
 if(SLIC3R_STATIC)
     set(OPENVDB_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
@@ -899,10 +1104,12 @@ if (NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
     configure_file(${LIBDIR}/dev-utils/platform/unix/build_appimage.sh.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/build_appimage.sh USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS @ONLY)
 endif()
 
-
 # Resources install target, configure fhs.hpp on UNIX
 if (WIN32)
     install(DIRECTORY "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/" DESTINATION "./resources")
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "./resources/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
     set(CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS_SKIP TRUE)
     include(InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
     install (PROGRAMS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS} DESTINATION ".")
@@ -912,6 +1119,9 @@ elseif (SLIC3R_FHS)
     install(DIRECTORY ${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/ DESTINATION ${SLIC3R_FHS_RESOURCES}
         PATTERN "*/udev" EXCLUDE
     )
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "${SLIC3R_FHS_RESOURCES}/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
     install(FILES src/dev-utils/platform/unix/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.desktop DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR}/applications)
     foreach(SIZE 32 128 192)
         install(FILES ${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/images/OrcaSlicer_${SIZE}px.png
@@ -920,9 +1130,15 @@ elseif (SLIC3R_FHS)
     endforeach()
 elseif (CMAKE_MACOSX_BUNDLE)
     # install(DIRECTORY "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/OrcaSlicer.app/Contents/resources")
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/OrcaSlicer.app/Contents/Resources/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
 else ()
     install(FILES src/dev-utils/platform/unix/com.orcaslicer.OrcaSlicer.desktop DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/resources/applications)
     install(DIRECTORY "${SLIC3R_RESOURCES_DIR}/" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/resources")
+    if(ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE)
+        install(PROGRAMS "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_EXECUTABLE}" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/resources/tools/uv" RENAME "${ORCA_BUNDLED_UV_FILENAME}")
+    endif()
 endif ()
 
 install(FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE.txt DESTINATION ".")

build_release_macos.sh

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ while getopts ":dpa:snt:xbc:i:1Tuh" opt; do
         echo "   -c: Set CMake build configuration, default is Release"
         echo "   -i: Add a prefix to ignore during CMake dependency discovery (repeatable), defaults to /opt/local:/usr/local:/opt/homebrew"
         echo "   -1: Use single job for building"
-        echo "   -T: Build and run tests"
+        echo "   -T: Build and run tests (set ORCA_TESTS_BUILD_ONLY=1 to build without running)"
         exit 0
         ;;
     * )
@@ -179,6 +179,45 @@ function pack_deps() {
     )
 }
 
+# --- Bundled Python runtime verification --------------------------------------
+# Relocation is handled at the source: deps/python3/python3.cmake stamps
+# libpython with an @rpath id and src/CMakeLists.txt gives the app a matching
+# rpath. This gate catches regressions that would otherwise only surface as
+# launch failures on end users' machines (the absolute deps path still exists
+# on the build host, so a plain run can pass while relocation is broken --
+# hence the otool checks). The x86_64 leg runs under Rosetta on arm64 hosts.
+function verify_python_runtime() {
+    local app="$1"
+    local pydir="$app/Contents/MacOS/python"
+    [ -d "$pydir" ] || return 0  # app doesn't bundle Python (e.g. profile validator)
+    # Version-agnostic interpreter name so a CPython version bump cannot
+    # silently skip the gate; if the dir exists the interpreter must too.
+    local pybin="$pydir/bin/python3"
+    if [ ! -x "$pybin" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: bundled python/ present but no interpreter at $pybin" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "  Verifying bundled Python runtime in $(basename "$app")..."
+    local bad
+    bad=$(otool -arch all -L "$pybin" "$app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer" | grep "libpython" | grep -v "@rpath/" || true)
+    if [ -n "$bad" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: a bundled binary references libpython by absolute path (relocation regression):" >&2
+        echo "$bad" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    # otool -L shows load commands only; assert the consumer rpath separately.
+    # Its loss is masked on the build host by CMake's absolute build-tree rpath.
+    if ! otool -arch all -l "$app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer" | grep -q "path @executable_path/python/lib "; then
+        echo "ERROR: OrcaSlicer lacks the @executable_path/python/lib rpath (relocation regression)" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    if ! "$pybin" -c "import ssl"; then
+        echo "ERROR: bundled Python failed to start (libpython relocation broken," >&2
+        echo "       or missing Rosetta 2 for the x86_64 leg?)" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
 function build_slicer() {
     # iterate over two architectures: x86_64 and arm64
     for _ARCH in x86_64 arm64; do
@@ -209,13 +248,10 @@ function build_slicer() {
             cmake --build . --config "$BUILD_CONFIG" --target "$SLICER_BUILD_TARGET"
         )
 
-        if [ "1." == "$BUILD_TESTS". ]; then
-            echo "Running tests for $_ARCH..."
-            (
-                set -x
-                cd "$PROJECT_BUILD_DIR"
-                ctest --build-config "$BUILD_CONFIG" --output-on-failure
-            )
+        # -T also runs the tests; ORCA_TESTS_BUILD_ONLY=1 builds them without
+        # running, so CI can build here and run them in a dedicated job.
+        if [ "1." == "$BUILD_TESTS". ] && [ "1." != "$ORCA_TESTS_BUILD_ONLY". ]; then
+            "$PROJECT_DIR/scripts/run_unit_tests.sh" "build/$_ARCH/tests" "$BUILD_CONFIG"
         fi
 
         echo "Verify localization with gettext..."
@@ -239,6 +275,8 @@ function build_slicer() {
             cp -R "$resources_path" ./OrcaSlicer.app/Contents/Resources
             # delete .DS_Store file
             find ./OrcaSlicer.app/ -name '.DS_Store' -delete
+
+            verify_python_runtime ./OrcaSlicer.app
             
             # Copy OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app if it exists
             if [ -f "../src$BUILD_DIR_CONFIG_SUBDIR/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app/Contents/MacOS/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator" ]; then
@@ -247,6 +285,7 @@ function build_slicer() {
                 cp -pR "../src$BUILD_DIR_CONFIG_SUBDIR/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app" ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
                 # delete .DS_Store file
                 find ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app/ -name '.DS_Store' -delete
+                verify_python_runtime ./OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app
             fi
         )
 
@@ -302,6 +341,7 @@ function build_universal() {
     echo "Creating universal binaries for OrcaSlicer.app..."
     lipo_dir "$UNIVERSAL_APP" "$X86_64_APP"
     echo "Universal OrcaSlicer.app created at $UNIVERSAL_APP"
+    verify_python_runtime "$UNIVERSAL_APP"
 
     # Create universal binary for profile validator if it exists
     ARM64_VALIDATOR="$PROJECT_DIR/build/arm64/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer_profile_validator.app"

build_release_vs.bat

@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ for %%a in (%*) do (
     if "%%a"=="-x" set USE_NINJA=1
 )
 
+@REM Check for unit-tests option ("tests")
+set BUILD_TESTS=OFF
+for %%a in (%*) do (
+    if /I "%%a"=="tests" set BUILD_TESTS=ON
+)
+
 if "%USE_NINJA%"=="1" (
     echo Using Ninja Multi-Config generator
     set CMAKE_GENERATOR="Ninja Multi-Config"
@@ -145,10 +151,10 @@ cd %build_dir%
 echo on
 set CMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5
 if "%USE_NINJA%"=="1" (
-    cmake .. -G %CMAKE_GENERATOR% -DORCA_TOOLS=ON %SIG_FLAG% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%build_type%
+    cmake .. -G %CMAKE_GENERATOR% -DORCA_TOOLS=ON %SIG_FLAG% -DBUILD_TESTS=%BUILD_TESTS% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%build_type%
     cmake --build . --config %build_type% --target ALL_BUILD
 ) else (
-    cmake .. -G %CMAKE_GENERATOR% -A %arch% -DORCA_TOOLS=ON %SIG_FLAG% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%build_type%
+    cmake .. -G %CMAKE_GENERATOR% -A %arch% -DORCA_TOOLS=ON %SIG_FLAG% -DBUILD_TESTS=%BUILD_TESTS% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%build_type%
     cmake --build . --config %build_type% --target ALL_BUILD -- -m
 )
 @echo off

deps/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ endif ()
 
 include(OCCT/OCCT.cmake)
 include(OpenCV/OpenCV.cmake)
+include(python3/python3.cmake)
 
 set(_dep_list
     dep_Boost
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ set(_dep_list
     ${ZLIB_PKG}
     ${EXPAT_PKG}
     dep_libnoise
+    dep_python3
     )
 
 if (MSVC)

deps/python3/python3.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+
+include(ProcessorCount)
+ProcessorCount(NPROC)
+
+set(_python_version "3.12.13")
+string(REGEX REPLACE "^([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\\..*" "\\1" _python_version_short "${_python_version}")
+set(_python_url "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${_python_version}/Python-${_python_version}.tar.xz")
+set(_python_sha256 "c08bc65a81971c1dd5783182826503369466c7e67374d1646519adf05207b684")
+
+if(WIN32)
+    if(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1800)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v120)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1900)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v140)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1920)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v141)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1930)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v142)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1950)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v143)
+    elseif(MSVC_VERSION LESS 1960)
+        set(_python_platform_toolset v145)
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported MSVC version for CPython build: ${MSVC_VERSION}")
+    endif()
+
+    # 64-bit-hosted MSBuild selection (see the build-step comment below). Default
+    # to the amd64 host + x64 tools; only the native ARM64 build differs.
+    set(_python_msbuild_host amd64)
+    set(_python_tool_arch x64)
+    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "ARM64|aarch64")
+        set(_python_pcbuild_platform ARM64)
+        set(_python_layout_arch arm64)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_output_dir arm64)
+        set(_python_msbuild_host arm64)   # native ARM64 MSBuild already hosts arm64 tools
+        set(_python_tool_arch "")
+    elseif(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_platform x64)
+        set(_python_layout_arch amd64)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_output_dir amd64)
+    else()
+        set(_python_pcbuild_platform Win32)
+        set(_python_layout_arch win32)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_output_dir win32)
+    endif()
+
+    set(_python_pcbuild_config Release)
+    set(_python_layout_debug OFF)
+    if(DEFINED DEP_DEBUG AND DEP_DEBUG)
+        set(_python_pcbuild_config Debug)
+        set(_python_layout_debug ON)
+    endif()
+
+    # CPython's PCbuild needs a 64-bit-hosted toolchain: find_msbuild.bat picks the
+    # 32-bit Bin\MSBuild.exe, whose x86 cl.exe/link.exe run out of address space
+    # (fatal C1002 "out of heap space") building the LTCG-optimized pythoncore.
+    # That 32-bit MSBuild ignores PreferredToolArchitecture, so build.bat must be
+    # pointed at a 64-bit MSBuild via the MSBUILD env var. The native arm64 MSBuild
+    # then hosts arm64 tools on its own; the amd64 MSBuild still defaults to x86, so
+    # PreferredToolArchitecture pins it to x64. Scoped to this build step, so
+    # CPython's own sources stay untouched.
+    set(_python_env_args "GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=<SOURCE_DIR>/..")
+    if(CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE)   # empty for non-VS generators (e.g. Ninja)
+        set(_python_msbuild "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_INSTANCE}/MSBuild/Current/Bin/${_python_msbuild_host}/MSBuild.exe")
+        if(EXISTS "${_python_msbuild}")
+            file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_python_msbuild}" _python_msbuild_native)
+            list(APPEND _python_env_args "MSBUILD=${_python_msbuild_native}")
+        else()
+            # Loud signal: a silent fall-through to the 32-bit MSBuild reintroduces C1002.
+            message(WARNING "Bundled Python: 64-bit MSBuild not found at '${_python_msbuild}'. "
+                "CPython will fall back to find_msbuild.bat's default (32-bit) MSBuild, which may "
+                "fail with C1002 (out of heap space) building the optimized pythoncore.")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+    if(_python_tool_arch)
+        list(APPEND _python_env_args "PreferredToolArchitecture=${_python_tool_arch}")
+    endif()
+
+    set(_conf_cmd
+        cmd /c "echo /p:PlatformToolset=${_python_platform_toolset}>PCbuild\\msbuild.rsp"
+    )
+    set(_build_cmd
+        ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env ${_python_env_args}
+        cmd /c PCbuild\\build.bat
+            -p ${_python_pcbuild_platform}
+            -c ${_python_pcbuild_config}
+            --no-tkinter
+    )
+    set(_install_cmd
+        ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            -DPYTHON_SOURCE_DIR=<SOURCE_DIR>
+            -DPYTHON_BUILD_DIR=<SOURCE_DIR>/PCbuild/${_python_pcbuild_output_dir}
+            -DPYTHON_DEST_DIR=${DESTDIR}/libpython
+            -DPYTHON_LAYOUT_ARCH=${_python_layout_arch}
+            -DPYTHON_DEBUG=${_python_layout_debug}
+            -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/stage_windows.cmake
+    )
+elseif(APPLE)
+    # macOS configuration
+    if(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+        set(_python_target_arch "${CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES}")
+    else()
+        set(_python_target_arch "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+    endif()
+
+    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "ARM64|arm64|aarch64")
+        set(_python_build_arch aarch64)
+        set(_python_build_arch_flag "arm64")
+    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64|amd64")
+        set(_python_build_arch x86_64)
+        set(_python_build_arch_flag "x86_64")
+    else()
+        set(_python_build_arch "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+        set(_python_build_arch_flag "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+    endif()
+
+    if(_python_target_arch MATCHES "ARM64|arm64|aarch64")
+        set(_python_host_arch aarch64)
+        set(_python_arch_flag "arm64")
+    elseif(_python_target_arch MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64|amd64")
+        set(_python_host_arch x86_64)
+        set(_python_arch_flag "x86_64")
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported macOS Python target architecture: ${_python_target_arch}")
+    endif()
+
+    set(_python_arch_flags "-arch ${_python_arch_flag} -mmacosx-version-min=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+    # No -rpath: all other deps are static, so libpython has no shared
+    # dependencies to find there. headerpad reserves load-command space for
+    # the post-install -add_rpath below.
+    set(_python_ldflags "${_python_arch_flags} -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names")
+
+    if(IS_CROSS_COMPILE)
+        set(_python_build_tgt --build=${_python_build_arch}-apple-darwin --host=${_python_host_arch}-apple-darwin)
+        set(_python_build_arch_flags "-arch ${_python_build_arch_flag} -mmacosx-version-min=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+        set(_python_build_ldflags "${_python_build_arch_flags} -Wl,-rpath,${DESTDIR}/lib")
+        set(_python_build_python_dir "<SOURCE_DIR>/build-python-host")
+        set(_python_build_python "${_python_build_python_dir}/python")
+        set(_conf_cmd
+            /bin/sh -c
+            "rm -rf '${_python_build_python_dir}' && \
+             mkdir -p '${_python_build_python_dir}' && \
+             cd '${_python_build_python_dir}' && \
+             env \
+               CC='${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}' \
+               CXX='${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}' \
+               CFLAGS='${_python_build_arch_flags}' \
+               CXXFLAGS='${_python_build_arch_flags}' \
+               LDFLAGS='${_python_build_ldflags}' \
+               MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET='${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}' \
+               ../configure \
+                 --prefix='${_python_build_python_dir}/install' \
+                 --enable-shared \
+                 --without-static-libpython \
+                 --disable-test-modules \
+                 --build=${_python_build_arch}-apple-darwin && \
+             make -j${NPROC} python && \
+             cd '<SOURCE_DIR>' && \
+             env \
+               CC='${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}' \
+               CXX='${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}' \
+               CFLAGS='${_python_arch_flags}' \
+               CXXFLAGS='${_python_arch_flags}' \
+               LDFLAGS='${_python_ldflags}' \
+               MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET='${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}' \
+               ./configure \
+                 --prefix='${DESTDIR}/libpython' \
+                 --enable-shared \
+                 --enable-optimizations \
+                 --without-static-libpython \
+                 --with-openssl='${DESTDIR}' \
+                 --disable-test-modules \
+                 ${_python_build_tgt} \
+                 --with-build-python='${_python_build_python}' \
+                 py_cv_module__tkinter=n/a"
+        )
+    else()
+        set(_python_build_tgt --build=${_python_host_arch}-apple-darwin)
+        set(_conf_cmd
+            env
+            "CC=${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}"
+            "CXX=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}"
+            "CFLAGS=${_python_arch_flags}"
+            "CXXFLAGS=${_python_arch_flags}"
+            "LDFLAGS=${_python_ldflags}"
+            "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}"
+            ./configure
+            --prefix=${DESTDIR}/libpython
+            --enable-shared
+            --enable-optimizations
+            --without-static-libpython
+            --with-openssl=${DESTDIR}
+            --disable-test-modules
+            ${_python_build_tgt}
+            # Tcl/Tk 9.0 (e.g. from Homebrew) is incompatible with CPython 3.12's
+            # _tkinter; OrcaSlicer's embedded Python does not need tkinter anyway.
+            py_cv_module__tkinter=n/a
+        )
+    endif()
+    set(_build_cmd make -j${NPROC})
+
+    # CPython stamps libpython with an absolute install name ($prefix/lib/...),
+    # which every consumer inherits at link time and which only exists on the
+    # build host. Normalize once here, before anything links against the dep:
+    # give the dylib an @rpath id and teach the interpreter to find it relative
+    # to itself. Consumers then just need an rpath entry (src/CMakeLists.txt).
+    # install_name_tool invalidates code signatures, so re-sign ad-hoc; CI
+    # re-signs the whole bundle with the real identity later.
+    # ld collapses '//' in -install_name (but not in -rpath) strings, while
+    # ${DESTDIR} ends with a slash -- collapse slashes so -change matches the
+    # recorded install name.
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "/+" "/" _python_prefix "${DESTDIR}/libpython")
+    set(_python_dylib "${_python_prefix}/lib/libpython${_python_version_short}.dylib")
+    set(_python_bin "${_python_prefix}/bin/python${_python_version_short}")
+    set(_install_cmd make install
+        COMMAND install_name_tool -id "@rpath/libpython${_python_version_short}.dylib" "${_python_dylib}"
+        COMMAND install_name_tool -change "${_python_dylib}" "@rpath/libpython${_python_version_short}.dylib" "${_python_bin}"
+        COMMAND install_name_tool -add_rpath "@loader_path/../lib" "${_python_bin}"
+        COMMAND codesign --force --sign - "${_python_dylib}"
+        COMMAND codesign --force --sign - "${_python_bin}"
+    )
+else()
+    # Linux/Unix
+    # Kept verbatim, no slash normalization (unlike the macOS branch's
+    # collapsed copy): the LDFLAGS rpath below is recorded byte-for-byte in
+    # the ELF, and the OLD_RPATH handed to relocate_linux.cmake must match it
+    # exactly -- both derive from this one variable to make that structural.
+    set(_python_prefix "${DESTDIR}/libpython")
+    # The rpath points at libpython's real install dir, so the interpreter runs
+    # in-tree pre-relocation -- and, critically, it reserves enough RUNPATH
+    # bytes for the in-place $ORIGIN rewrite at install time (Flatpak's
+    # DESTDIR is the short /app) -- see relocate_linux.cmake.
+    set(_conf_cmd ./configure
+        --prefix=${_python_prefix}
+        --enable-shared
+        --enable-optimizations
+        --with-openssl=${DESTDIR}
+        --without-static-libpython
+        --disable-test-modules
+        # Tcl/Tk 9.0 is incompatible with CPython 3.12's _tkinter; not needed here.
+        py_cv_module__tkinter=n/a
+        LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,${_python_prefix}/lib
+    )
+    set(_build_cmd make -j${NPROC})
+    set(_install_cmd make install
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            "-DPYTHON_BIN=${_python_prefix}/bin/python${_python_version_short}"
+            "-DOLD_RPATH=${_python_prefix}/lib"
+            -P "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/relocate_linux.cmake"
+    )
+endif()
+
+ExternalProject_Add(dep_python3
+    URL "${_python_url}"
+    URL_HASH SHA256=${_python_sha256}
+    DOWNLOAD_DIR ${DEP_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/python3
+    BUILD_IN_SOURCE ON
+    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ${_conf_cmd}
+    BUILD_COMMAND ${_build_cmd}
+    INSTALL_COMMAND ${_install_cmd}
+)
+
+# Python depends on OpenSSL and ZLIB
+if(TARGET dep_OpenSSL)
+    add_dependencies(dep_python3 dep_OpenSSL)
+endif()
+if(TARGET dep_ZLIB)
+    add_dependencies(dep_python3 dep_ZLIB)
+endif()

deps/python3/relocate_linux.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Repoint the installed interpreter's RUNPATH from the absolute deps dir to a
+# self-relative entry so the bundled runtime is relocatable (the deps tree,
+# Flatpak /app/libpython, and AppImage $APPDIR/lib/python all keep bin/ and
+# lib/ as siblings). $ORIGIN is expanded by the dynamic loader; CMake leaves
+# it alone (only ${...} is expanded here). RPATH_CHANGE edits the ELF in
+# place, so the new entry must not be longer than the old one: the reserved
+# ${DESTDIR}/libpython/lib is at least 18 bytes even for the shortest
+# supported DESTDIR (Flatpak's /app), longer than the 14-byte $ORIGIN/../lib.
+# Invoked from python3.cmake with -DPYTHON_BIN=... -DOLD_RPATH=...
+file(RPATH_CHANGE FILE "${PYTHON_BIN}" OLD_RPATH "${OLD_RPATH}" NEW_RPATH "$ORIGIN/../lib")

deps/python3/stage_windows.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+set(_python_abi "312")
+
+foreach(_var PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR PYTHON_BUILD_DIR PYTHON_DEST_DIR PYTHON_LAYOUT_ARCH)
+    if(NOT DEFINED ${_var} OR "${${_var}}" STREQUAL "")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "${_var} is required")
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+set(_python_exe "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/python.exe")
+if(PYTHON_DEBUG)
+    set(_python_exe "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/python_d.exe")
+endif()
+
+if(NOT EXISTS "${_python_exe}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Built Python executable not found: ${_python_exe}")
+endif()
+
+file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}")
+
+# CPython's Windows layout helper reads LICENSE.txt from the build output.
+# Source archives ship this file as LICENSE, so provide the expected name.
+if(EXISTS "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE" AND NOT EXISTS "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/LICENSE.txt")
+    configure_file("${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE" "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}/LICENSE.txt" COPYONLY)
+endif()
+
+execute_process(
+    COMMAND
+        "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E env
+            "PYTHONHOME="
+            "PYTHONPATH=${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/Lib"
+            "${_python_exe}"
+            "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/PC/layout"
+            --source "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
+            --build "${PYTHON_BUILD_DIR}"
+            --arch "${PYTHON_LAYOUT_ARCH}"
+            --copy "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}"
+            --include-dev
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
+    RESULT_VARIABLE _layout_result
+)
+
+if(NOT _layout_result EQUAL 0)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "CPython Windows layout staging failed with exit code ${_layout_result}")
+endif()
+
+set(_required_files
+    "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/Lib/encodings/__init__.py"
+    "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/include/Python.h"
+)
+
+if(PYTHON_DEBUG)
+    list(APPEND _required_files
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python_d.exe"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python${_python_abi}_d.dll"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/libs/python${_python_abi}_d.lib"
+    )
+else()
+    list(APPEND _required_files
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python.exe"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/python${_python_abi}.dll"
+        "${PYTHON_DEST_DIR}/libs/python${_python_abi}.lib"
+    )
+endif()
+
+foreach(_required_file IN LISTS _required_files)
+    if(NOT EXISTS "${_required_file}")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Staged Python file missing: ${_required_file}")
+    endif()
+endforeach()

deps_src/pybind11/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>, All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+   without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Please also refer to the file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md, which clarifies licensing of
+external contributions to this project including patches, pull requests, etc.

deps_src/pybind11/README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+.. figure:: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/raw/master/docs/pybind11-logo.png
+   :alt: pybind11 logo
+
+**pybind11 (v3)  — Seamless interoperability between C++ and Python**
+
+|Latest Documentation Status| |Stable Documentation Status| |Gitter chat| |GitHub Discussions|
+
+|CI| |Build status| |SPEC 4 — Using and Creating Nightly Wheels|
+
+|Repology| |PyPI package| |Conda-forge| |Python Versions|
+
+`Setuptools example <https://github.com/pybind/python_example>`_
+• `Scikit-build example <https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example>`_
+• `CMake example <https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example>`_
+
+.. start
+
+
+**pybind11** is a lightweight header-only library that exposes C++ types
+in Python and vice versa, mainly to create Python bindings of existing
+C++ code. Its goals and syntax are similar to the excellent
+`Boost.Python <http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_58_0/libs/python/doc/>`_
+library by David Abrahams: to minimize boilerplate code in traditional
+extension modules by inferring type information using compile-time
+introspection.
+
+The main issue with Boost.Python—and the reason for creating such a
+similar project—is Boost. Boost is an enormously large and complex suite
+of utility libraries that works with almost every C++ compiler in
+existence. This compatibility has its cost: arcane template tricks and
+workarounds are necessary to support the oldest and buggiest of compiler
+specimens. Now that C++11-compatible compilers are widely available,
+this heavy machinery has become an excessively large and unnecessary
+dependency.
+
+Think of this library as a tiny self-contained version of Boost.Python
+with everything stripped away that isn't relevant for binding
+generation. Without comments, the core header files only require ~4K
+lines of code and depend on Python (CPython 3.8+, PyPy, or GraalPy) and the C++
+standard library. This compact implementation was possible thanks to some C++11
+language features (specifically: tuples, lambda functions and variadic
+templates). Since its creation, this library has grown beyond Boost.Python in
+many ways, leading to dramatically simpler binding code in many common
+situations.
+
+Tutorial and reference documentation is provided at
+`pybind11.readthedocs.io <https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/latest>`_.
+A PDF version of the manual is available
+`here <https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/_/downloads/en/latest/pdf/>`_.
+And the source code is always available at
+`github.com/pybind/pybind11 <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11>`_.
+
+
+Core features
+-------------
+
+
+pybind11 can map the following core C++ features to Python:
+
+- Functions accepting and returning custom data structures per value,
+  reference, or pointer
+- Instance methods and static methods
+- Overloaded functions
+- Instance attributes and static attributes
+- Arbitrary exception types
+- Enumerations
+- Callbacks
+- Iterators and ranges
+- Custom operators
+- Single and multiple inheritance
+- STL data structures
+- Smart pointers with reference counting like ``std::shared_ptr``
+- Internal references with correct reference counting
+- C++ classes with virtual (and pure virtual) methods can be extended
+  in Python
+- Integrated NumPy support (NumPy 2 requires pybind11 2.12+)
+
+Goodies
+-------
+
+In addition to the core functionality, pybind11 provides some extra
+goodies:
+
+- CPython 3.8+, PyPy3 7.3.17+, and GraalPy 24.1+ are supported with an
+  implementation-agnostic interface (see older versions for older CPython
+  and PyPy versions).
+
+- It is possible to bind C++11 lambda functions with captured
+  variables. The lambda capture data is stored inside the resulting
+  Python function object.
+
+- pybind11 uses C++11 move constructors and move assignment operators
+  whenever possible to efficiently transfer custom data types.
+
+- It's easy to expose the internal storage of custom data types through
+  Pythons' buffer protocols. This is handy e.g. for fast conversion
+  between C++ matrix classes like Eigen and NumPy without expensive
+  copy operations.
+
+- pybind11 can automatically vectorize functions so that they are
+  transparently applied to all entries of one or more NumPy array
+  arguments.
+
+- Python's slice-based access and assignment operations can be
+  supported with just a few lines of code.
+
+- Everything is contained in just a few header files; there is no need
+  to link against any additional libraries.
+
+- Binaries are generally smaller by a factor of at least 2 compared to
+  equivalent bindings generated by Boost.Python. A recent pybind11
+  conversion of PyRosetta, an enormous Boost.Python binding project,
+  `reported <https://graylab.jhu.edu/Sergey/2016.RosettaCon/PyRosetta-4.pdf>`_
+  a binary size reduction of **5.4x** and compile time reduction by
+  **5.8x**.
+
+- Function signatures are precomputed at compile time (using
+  ``constexpr``), leading to smaller binaries.
+
+- With little extra effort, C++ types can be pickled and unpickled
+  similar to regular Python objects.
+
+Supported compilers
+-------------------
+
+1. Clang/LLVM 3.3 or newer (for Apple Xcode's clang, this is 5.0.0 or
+   newer)
+2. GCC 4.8 or newer
+3. Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 or newer (2019 probably works, but was dropped in CI)
+4. Intel classic C++ compiler 18 or newer (ICC 20.2 tested in CI)
+5. Cygwin/GCC (previously tested on 2.5.1)
+6. NVCC (CUDA 11.0 tested in CI)
+7. NVIDIA PGI (20.9 tested in CI)
+
+Supported Platforms
+-------------------
+
+* Windows, Linux, macOS, and iOS
+* CPython 3.8+, Pyodide, PyPy, and GraalPy
+* C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, and C++23
+
+About
+-----
+
+This project was created by `Wenzel
+Jakob <http://rgl.epfl.ch/people/wjakob>`_. Significant features and/or
+improvements to the code were contributed by
+Jonas Adler,
+Lori A. Burns,
+Sylvain Corlay,
+Eric Cousineau,
+Aaron Gokaslan,
+Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve,
+Trent Houliston,
+Axel Huebl,
+@hulucc,
+Yannick Jadoul,
+Sergey Lyskov,
+Johan Mabille,
+Tomasz Miąsko,
+Dean Moldovan,
+Ben Pritchard,
+Jason Rhinelander,
+Boris Schäling,
+Pim Schellart,
+Henry Schreiner,
+Ivan Smirnov,
+Dustin Spicuzza,
+Boris Staletic,
+Ethan Steinberg,
+Patrick Stewart,
+Ivor Wanders,
+and
+Xiaofei Wang.
+
+We thank Google for a generous financial contribution to the continuous
+integration infrastructure used by this project.
+
+
+Contributing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+See the `contributing
+guide <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md>`_
+for information on building and contributing to pybind11.
+
+License
+~~~~~~~
+
+pybind11 is provided under a BSD-style license that can be found in the
+`LICENSE <https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/blob/master/LICENSE>`_
+file. By using, distributing, or contributing to this project, you agree
+to the terms and conditions of this license.
+
+.. |Latest Documentation Status| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pybind11/badge?version=latest
+   :target: http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/latest
+.. |Stable Documentation Status| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-stable-blue.svg
+   :target: http://pybind11.readthedocs.org/en/stable
+.. |Gitter chat| image:: https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
+   :target: https://gitter.im/pybind/Lobby
+.. |CI| image:: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/workflows/CI/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/actions
+.. |Build status| image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/riaj54pn4h08xy40?svg=true
+   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/wjakob/pybind11
+.. |PyPI package| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pybind11/
+.. |Conda-forge| image:: https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/conda-forge/pybind11-feedstock
+.. |Repology| image:: https://repology.org/badge/latest-versions/python:pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://repology.org/project/python:pybind11/versions
+.. |Python Versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pybind11.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pybind11/
+.. |GitHub Discussions| image:: https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Discussions&message=Ask&color=blue&logo=github
+   :target: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/discussions
+.. |SPEC 4 — Using and Creating Nightly Wheels| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/SPEC-4-green?labelColor=%23004811&color=%235CA038
+   :target: https://scientific-python.org/specs/spec-0004/

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/attr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/attr.h: Infrastructure for processing custom
+    type and function attributes
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "trampoline_self_life_support.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// \addtogroup annotations
+/// @{
+
+/// Annotation for methods
+struct is_method {
+    handle class_;
+    explicit is_method(const handle &c) : class_(c) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for setters
+struct is_setter {};
+
+/// Annotation for operators
+struct is_operator {};
+
+/// Annotation for classes that cannot be subclassed
+struct is_final {};
+
+/// Annotation for parent scope
+struct scope {
+    handle value;
+    explicit scope(const handle &s) : value(s) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for documentation
+struct doc {
+    const char *value;
+    explicit doc(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for function names
+struct name {
+    const char *value;
+    explicit name(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a function is an overload associated with a given "sibling"
+struct sibling {
+    handle value;
+    explicit sibling(const handle &value) : value(value.ptr()) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class derives from another given type
+template <typename T>
+struct base {
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(
+        "base<T>() was deprecated in favor of specifying 'T' as a template argument to class_")
+    base() = default;
+};
+
+/// Keep patient alive while nurse lives
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient>
+struct keep_alive {};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class is involved in a multiple inheritance relationship
+struct multiple_inheritance {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables dynamic attributes, i.e. adds `__dict__` to a class
+struct dynamic_attr {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables the buffer protocol for a type
+struct buffer_protocol {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables releasing the GIL before calling the C++ destructor of wrapped
+/// instances (pybind/pybind11#1446).
+struct release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor {};
+
+/// Annotation which requests that a special metaclass is created for a type
+struct metaclass {
+    handle value;
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("py::metaclass() is no longer required. It's turned on by default now.")
+    metaclass() = default;
+
+    /// Override pybind11's default metaclass
+    explicit metaclass(handle value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Specifies a custom callback with signature `void (PyHeapTypeObject*)` that
+/// may be used to customize the Python type.
+///
+/// The callback is invoked immediately before `PyType_Ready`.
+///
+/// Note: This is an advanced interface, and uses of it may require changes to
+/// work with later versions of pybind11.  You may wish to consult the
+/// implementation of `make_new_python_type` in `detail/classes.h` to understand
+/// the context in which the callback will be run.
+struct custom_type_setup {
+    using callback = std::function<void(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type)>;
+
+    explicit custom_type_setup(callback value) : value(std::move(value)) {}
+
+    callback value;
+};
+
+/// Annotation that marks a class as local to the module:
+struct module_local {
+    const bool value;
+    constexpr explicit module_local(bool v = true) : value(v) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation to mark enums as an arithmetic type
+struct arithmetic {};
+
+/// Mark a function for addition at the beginning of the existing overload chain instead of the end
+struct prepend {};
+
+/** \rst
+    A call policy which places one or more guard variables (``Ts...``) around the function call.
+
+    For example, this definition:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", foo, py::call_guard<T>());
+
+    is equivalent to the following pseudocode:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", [](args...) {
+            T scope_guard;
+            return foo(args...); // forwarded arguments
+        });
+ \endrst */
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard;
+
+template <>
+struct call_guard<> {
+    using type = detail::void_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct call_guard<T> {
+    static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
+                  "The guard type must be default constructible");
+
+    using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard<T, Ts...> {
+    struct type {
+        T guard{}; // Compose multiple guard types with left-to-right default-constructor order
+        typename call_guard<Ts...>::type next{};
+    };
+};
+
+/// @} annotations
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+/* Forward declarations */
+enum op_id : int;
+enum op_type : int;
+struct undefined_t;
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L = undefined_t, typename R = undefined_t>
+struct op_;
+void keep_alive_impl(size_t Nurse, size_t Patient, function_call &call, handle ret);
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a keyword argument
+struct argument_record {
+    const char *name;  ///< Argument name
+    const char *descr; ///< Human-readable version of the argument value
+    handle value;      ///< Associated Python object
+    bool convert : 1;  ///< True if the argument is allowed to convert when loading
+    bool none : 1;     ///< True if None is allowed when loading
+
+    argument_record(const char *name, const char *descr, handle value, bool convert, bool none)
+        : name(name), descr(descr), value(value), convert(convert), none(none) {}
+};
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a bound function (signature, overloads,
+/// etc.)
+#define PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_ABI_ID "v1" // PLEASE UPDATE if the struct is changed.
+struct function_record {
+    function_record()
+        : is_constructor(false), is_new_style_constructor(false), is_stateless(false),
+          is_operator(false), is_method(false), is_setter(false), has_args(false),
+          has_kwargs(false), prepend(false) {}
+
+    /// Function name
+    char *name = nullptr; /* why no C++ strings? They generate heavier code.. */
+
+    // User-specified documentation string
+    char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Human-readable version of the function signature
+    char *signature = nullptr;
+
+    /// List of registered keyword arguments
+    std::vector<argument_record> args;
+
+    /// Pointer to lambda function which converts arguments and performs the actual call
+    handle (*impl)(function_call &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Storage for the wrapped function pointer and captured data, if any
+    void *data[3] = {};
+
+    /// Pointer to custom destructor for 'data' (if needed)
+    void (*free_data)(function_record *ptr) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Return value policy associated with this function
+    return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic;
+
+    /// True if name == '__init__'
+    bool is_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
+    bool is_new_style_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a stateless function pointer
+    bool is_stateless : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is an operator (__add__), etc.
+    bool is_operator : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a method
+    bool is_method : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a setter
+    bool is_setter : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '*args' argument
+    bool has_args : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '**kwargs' argument
+    bool has_kwargs : 1;
+
+    /// True if this function is to be inserted at the beginning of the overload resolution chain
+    bool prepend : 1;
+
+    /// Number of arguments (including py::args and/or py::kwargs, if present)
+    std::uint16_t nargs;
+
+    /// Number of leading positional arguments, which are terminated by a py::args or py::kwargs
+    /// argument or by a py::kw_only annotation.
+    std::uint16_t nargs_pos = 0;
+
+    /// Number of leading arguments (counted in `nargs`) that are positional-only
+    std::uint16_t nargs_pos_only = 0;
+
+    /// Python method object
+    PyMethodDef *def = nullptr;
+
+    /// Python handle to the parent scope (a class or a module)
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Python handle to the sibling function representing an overload chain
+    handle sibling;
+
+    /// Pointer to next overload
+    function_record *next = nullptr;
+};
+// The main purpose of this macro is to make it easy to pin-point the critically related code
+// sections.
+#define PYBIND11_ENSURE_PRECONDITION_FOR_FUNCTIONAL_H_PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZATIONS(...)              \
+    static_assert(                                                                                \
+        __VA_ARGS__,                                                                              \
+        "Violation of precondition for pybind11/functional.h performance optimizations!")
+
+/// Special data structure which (temporarily) holds metadata about a bound class
+struct type_record {
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE type_record()
+        : multiple_inheritance(false), dynamic_attr(false), buffer_protocol(false),
+          module_local(false), is_final(false), release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor(false) {}
+
+    /// Handle to the parent scope
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Name of the class
+    const char *name = nullptr;
+
+    // Pointer to RTTI type_info data structure
+    const std::type_info *type = nullptr;
+
+    /// How large is the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_size = 0;
+
+    /// What is the alignment of the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_align = 0;
+
+    /// How large is the type's holder?
+    size_t holder_size = 0;
+
+    /// The global operator new can be overridden with a class-specific variant
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::init_instance
+    void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::dealloc
+    void (*dealloc)(detail::value_and_holder &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer for casting alias class (aka trampoline) pointer to
+    /// trampoline_self_life_support pointer. Sidesteps cross-DSO RTTI issues
+    /// on platforms like macOS (see PR #5728 for details).
+    get_trampoline_self_life_support_fn get_trampoline_self_life_support
+        = [](void *) -> trampoline_self_life_support * { return nullptr; };
+
+    /// List of base classes of the newly created type
+    list bases;
+
+    /// Optional docstring
+    const char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Custom metaclass (optional)
+    handle metaclass;
+
+    /// Custom type setup.
+    custom_type_setup::callback custom_type_setup_callback;
+
+    /// Multiple inheritance marker
+    bool multiple_inheritance : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class manage a __dict__?
+    bool dynamic_attr : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class implement the buffer protocol?
+    bool buffer_protocol : 1;
+
+    /// Is the class definition local to the module shared object?
+    bool module_local : 1;
+
+    /// Is the class inheritable from python classes?
+    bool is_final : 1;
+
+    /// Solves pybind/pybind11#1446
+    bool release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor : 1;
+
+    holder_enum_t holder_enum_v = holder_enum_t::undefined;
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void add_base(const std::type_info &base, void *(*caster)(void *) ) {
+        auto *base_info = detail::get_type_info(base, false);
+        if (!base_info) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name)
+                          + "\" referenced unknown base type \"" + tname + "\"");
+        }
+
+        // SMART_HOLDER_BAKEIN_FOLLOW_ON: Refine holder compatibility checks.
+        bool this_has_unique_ptr_holder = (holder_enum_v == holder_enum_t::std_unique_ptr);
+        bool base_has_unique_ptr_holder
+            = (base_info->holder_enum_v == holder_enum_t::std_unique_ptr);
+        if (this_has_unique_ptr_holder != base_has_unique_ptr_holder) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) + "\" "
+                          + (this_has_unique_ptr_holder ? "does not have" : "has")
+                          + " a non-default holder type while its base \"" + tname + "\" "
+                          + (base_has_unique_ptr_holder ? "does not" : "does"));
+        }
+
+        bases.append((PyObject *) base_info->type);
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY_TP_DICTOFFSET
+        dynamic_attr |= base_info->type->tp_dictoffset != 0;
+#else
+        dynamic_attr |= (base_info->type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) != 0;
+#endif
+
+        if (caster) {
+            base_info->implicit_casts.emplace_back(type, caster);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline function_call::function_call(const function_record &f, handle p) : func(f), parent(p) {
+    args.reserve(f.nargs);
+    args_convert.reserve(f.nargs);
+}
+
+/// Tag for a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
+struct is_new_style_constructor {};
+
+/**
+ * Partial template specializations to process custom attributes provided to
+ * cpp_function_ and class_. These are either used to initialize the respective
+ * fields in the type_record and function_record data structures or executed at
+ * runtime to deal with custom call policies (e.g. keep_alive).
+ */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct process_attribute;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute_default {
+    /// Default implementation: do nothing
+    static void init(const T &, function_record *) {}
+    static void init(const T &, type_record *) {}
+    static void precall(function_call &) {}
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) {}
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's name
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<name> : process_attribute_default<name> {
+    static void init(const name &n, function_record *r) { r->name = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<doc> : process_attribute_default<doc> {
+    static void init(const doc &n, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring (provided as a C-style string)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<const char *> : process_attribute_default<const char *> {
+    static void init(const char *d, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
+    static void init(const char *d, type_record *r) { r->doc = d; }
+};
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<char *> : process_attribute<const char *> {};
+
+/// Process an attribute indicating the function's return value policy
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<return_value_policy> : process_attribute_default<return_value_policy> {
+    static void init(const return_value_policy &p, function_record *r) { r->policy = p; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this is an overloaded function associated with a
+/// given sibling
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<sibling> : process_attribute_default<sibling> {
+    static void init(const sibling &s, function_record *r) { r->sibling = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a method
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_method> : process_attribute_default<is_method> {
+    static void init(const is_method &s, function_record *r) {
+        r->is_method = true;
+        r->scope = s.class_;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a setter
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_setter> : process_attribute_default<is_setter> {
+    static void init(const is_setter &, function_record *r) { r->is_setter = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates the parent scope of a method
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<scope> : process_attribute_default<scope> {
+    static void init(const scope &s, function_record *r) { r->scope = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is an operator
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_operator> : process_attribute_default<is_operator> {
+    static void init(const is_operator &, function_record *r) { r->is_operator = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_new_style_constructor>
+    : process_attribute_default<is_new_style_constructor> {
+    static void init(const is_new_style_constructor &, function_record *r) {
+        r->is_new_style_constructor = true;
+    }
+};
+
+inline void check_kw_only_arg(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+    if (r->args.size() > r->nargs_pos && (!a.name || a.name[0] == '\0')) {
+        pybind11_fail("arg(): cannot specify an unnamed argument after a kw_only() annotation or "
+                      "args() argument");
+    }
+}
+
+inline void append_self_arg_if_needed(function_record *r) {
+    if (r->is_method && r->args.empty()) {
+        r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr, handle(), /*convert=*/true, /*none=*/false);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*without* a default value)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arg> : process_attribute_default<arg> {
+    static void init(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, nullptr, handle(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+
+        check_kw_only_arg(a, r);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*with* a default value)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arg_v> : process_attribute_default<arg_v> {
+    static void init(const arg_v &a, function_record *r) {
+        if (r->is_method && r->args.empty()) {
+            r->args.emplace_back(
+                "self", /*descr=*/nullptr, /*parent=*/handle(), /*convert=*/true, /*none=*/false);
+        }
+
+        if (!a.value) {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            std::string descr("'");
+            if (a.name) {
+                descr += std::string(a.name) + ": ";
+            }
+            descr += a.type + "'";
+            if (r->is_method) {
+                if (r->name) {
+                    descr += " in method '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "."
+                             + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+                } else {
+                    descr += " in method of '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "'";
+                }
+            } else if (r->name) {
+                descr += " in function '" + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+            }
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument " + descr
+                          + " into a Python object (type not registered yet?)");
+#else
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
+                          "into a Python object (type not registered yet?). "
+                          "#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for "
+                          "more information.");
+#endif
+        }
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, a.descr, a.value.inc_ref(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+
+        check_kw_only_arg(a, r);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword-only-arguments-follow pseudo argument
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<kw_only> : process_attribute_default<kw_only> {
+    static void init(const kw_only &, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        if (r->has_args && r->nargs_pos != static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size())) {
+            pybind11_fail("Mismatched args() and kw_only(): they must occur at the same relative "
+                          "argument location (or omit kw_only() entirely)");
+        }
+        r->nargs_pos = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size());
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a positional-only-argument maker
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<pos_only> : process_attribute_default<pos_only> {
+    static void init(const pos_only &, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        r->nargs_pos_only = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size());
+        if (r->nargs_pos_only > r->nargs_pos) {
+            pybind11_fail("pos_only(): cannot follow a py::args() argument");
+        }
+        // It also can't follow a kw_only, but a static_assert in pybind11.h checks that
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute.  Single inheritance only (class_ itself already guarantees
+/// that)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<T, enable_if_t<is_pyobject<T>::value>>
+    : process_attribute_default<handle> {
+    static void init(const handle &h, type_record *r) { r->bases.append(h); }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute (deprecated, does not support multiple inheritance)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<base<T>> : process_attribute_default<base<T>> {
+    static void init(const base<T> &, type_record *r) { r->add_base(typeid(T), nullptr); }
+};
+
+/// Process a multiple inheritance attribute
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<multiple_inheritance> : process_attribute_default<multiple_inheritance> {
+    static void init(const multiple_inheritance &, type_record *r) {
+        r->multiple_inheritance = true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<dynamic_attr> : process_attribute_default<dynamic_attr> {
+    static void init(const dynamic_attr &, type_record *r) { r->dynamic_attr = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<custom_type_setup> {
+    static void init(const custom_type_setup &value, type_record *r) {
+        r->custom_type_setup_callback = value.value;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_final> : process_attribute_default<is_final> {
+    static void init(const is_final &, type_record *r) { r->is_final = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<buffer_protocol> : process_attribute_default<buffer_protocol> {
+    static void init(const buffer_protocol &, type_record *r) { r->buffer_protocol = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<metaclass> : process_attribute_default<metaclass> {
+    static void init(const metaclass &m, type_record *r) { r->metaclass = m.value; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<module_local> : process_attribute_default<module_local> {
+    static void init(const module_local &l, type_record *r) { r->module_local = l.value; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor>
+    : process_attribute_default<release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor> {
+    static void init(const release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor &, type_record *r) {
+        r->release_gil_before_calling_cpp_dtor = true;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a 'prepend' attribute, putting this at the beginning of the overload chain
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<prepend> : process_attribute_default<prepend> {
+    static void init(const prepend &, function_record *r) { r->prepend = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process an 'arithmetic' attribute for enums (does nothing here)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arithmetic> : process_attribute_default<arithmetic> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct process_attribute<call_guard<Ts...>> : process_attribute_default<call_guard<Ts...>> {};
+
+/**
+ * Process a keep_alive call policy -- invokes keep_alive_impl during the
+ * pre-call handler if both Nurse, Patient != 0 and use the post-call handler
+ * otherwise
+ */
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient>
+struct process_attribute<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>>
+    : public process_attribute_default<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> {
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, handle());
+    }
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) {}
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &) {}
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle ret) {
+        keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, ret);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Recursively iterate over variadic template arguments
+template <typename... Args>
+struct process_attributes {
+    static void init(const Args &...args, function_record *r) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(r);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(r);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{
+            0, ((void) process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void init(const Args &...args, type_record *r) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(r);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(r);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0,
+                        (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(call);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0,
+                        (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::precall(call), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle fn_ret) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(call, fn_ret);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(fn_ret);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{
+            0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::postcall(call, fn_ret), 0)...};
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_call_guard = is_instantiation<call_guard, T>;
+
+/// Extract the ``type`` from the first `call_guard` in `Extras...` (or `void_type` if none found)
+template <typename... Extra>
+using extract_guard_t = typename exactly_one_t<is_call_guard, call_guard<>, Extra...>::type;
+
+/// Check the number of named arguments at compile time
+template <typename... Extra,
+          size_t named = constexpr_sum(std::is_base_of<arg, Extra>::value...),
+          size_t self = constexpr_sum(std::is_same<is_method, Extra>::value...)>
+constexpr bool expected_num_args(size_t nargs, bool has_args, bool has_kwargs) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(nargs, has_args, has_kwargs);
+    return named == 0 || (self + named + size_t(has_args) + size_t(has_kwargs)) == nargs;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/buffer_info.h

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/buffer_info.h: Python buffer object interface
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Default, C-style strides
+inline std::vector<ssize_t> c_strides(const std::vector<ssize_t> &shape, ssize_t itemsize) {
+    auto ndim = shape.size();
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides(ndim, itemsize);
+    if (ndim > 0) {
+        for (size_t i = ndim - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+            strides[i - 1] = strides[i] * shape[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return strides;
+}
+
+// F-style strides; default when constructing an array_t with `ExtraFlags & f_style`
+inline std::vector<ssize_t> f_strides(const std::vector<ssize_t> &shape, ssize_t itemsize) {
+    auto ndim = shape.size();
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides(ndim, itemsize);
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < ndim; ++i) {
+        strides[i] = strides[i - 1] * shape[i - 1];
+    }
+    return strides;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct compare_buffer_info;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Information record describing a Python buffer object
+struct buffer_info {
+    void *ptr = nullptr;          // Pointer to the underlying storage
+    ssize_t itemsize = 0;         // Size of individual items in bytes
+    ssize_t size = 0;             // Total number of entries
+    std::string format;           // For homogeneous buffers, this should be set to
+                                  // format_descriptor<T>::format()
+    ssize_t ndim = 0;             // Number of dimensions
+    std::vector<ssize_t> shape;   // Shape of the tensor (1 entry per dimension)
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides; // Number of bytes between adjacent entries
+                                  // (for each per dimension)
+    bool readonly = false;        // flag to indicate if the underlying storage may be written to
+
+    buffer_info() = default;
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : ptr(ptr), itemsize(itemsize), size(1), format(format), ndim(ndim),
+          shape(std::move(shape_in)), strides(std::move(strides_in)), readonly(readonly) {
+        if (ndim != (ssize_t) shape.size() || ndim != (ssize_t) strides.size()) {
+            pybind11_fail("buffer_info: ndim doesn't match shape and/or strides length");
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) ndim; ++i) {
+            size *= shape[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(private_ctr_tag(),
+                      ptr,
+                      sizeof(T),
+                      format_descriptor<T>::format(),
+                      static_cast<ssize_t>(shape_in->size()),
+                      std::move(shape_in),
+                      std::move(strides_in),
+                      readonly) {}
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t size,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(ptr, itemsize, format, 1, {size}, {itemsize}, readonly) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr, ssize_t size, bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(ptr, sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size, readonly) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(const T *ptr, ssize_t size, bool readonly = true)
+        : buffer_info(
+              const_cast<T *>(ptr), sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size, readonly) {}
+
+    explicit buffer_info(Py_buffer *view, bool ownview = true)
+        : buffer_info(
+              view->buf,
+              view->itemsize,
+              view->format,
+              view->ndim,
+              {view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim},
+              /* Though buffer::request() requests PyBUF_STRIDES, ctypes objects
+               * ignore this flag and return a view with NULL strides.
+               * When strides are NULL, build them manually.  */
+              view->strides
+                  ? std::vector<ssize_t>(view->strides, view->strides + view->ndim)
+                  : detail::c_strides({view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim}, view->itemsize),
+              (view->readonly != 0)) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        this->m_view = view;
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        this->ownview = ownview;
+    }
+
+    buffer_info(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+    buffer_info &operator=(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+
+    buffer_info(buffer_info &&other) noexcept { (*this) = std::move(other); }
+
+    buffer_info &operator=(buffer_info &&rhs) noexcept {
+        ptr = rhs.ptr;
+        itemsize = rhs.itemsize;
+        size = rhs.size;
+        format = std::move(rhs.format);
+        ndim = rhs.ndim;
+        shape = std::move(rhs.shape);
+        strides = std::move(rhs.strides);
+        std::swap(m_view, rhs.m_view);
+        std::swap(ownview, rhs.ownview);
+        readonly = rhs.readonly;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~buffer_info() {
+        if (m_view && ownview) {
+            PyBuffer_Release(m_view);
+            delete m_view;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_buffer *view() const { return m_view; }
+    Py_buffer *&view() { return m_view; }
+
+    /* True if the buffer item type is equivalent to `T`. */
+    // To define "equivalent" by example:
+    // `buffer_info::item_type_is_equivalent_to<int>(b)` and
+    // `buffer_info::item_type_is_equivalent_to<long>(b)` may both be true
+    // on some platforms, but `int` and `unsigned` will never be equivalent.
+    // For the ground truth, please inspect `detail::compare_buffer_info<>`.
+    template <typename T>
+    bool item_type_is_equivalent_to() const {
+        return detail::compare_buffer_info<T>::compare(*this);
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct private_ctr_tag {};
+
+    buffer_info(private_ctr_tag,
+                void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&strides_in,
+                bool readonly)
+        : buffer_info(
+              ptr, itemsize, format, ndim, std::move(shape_in), std::move(strides_in), readonly) {}
+
+    Py_buffer *m_view = nullptr;
+    bool ownview = false;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE>
+struct compare_buffer_info {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info &b) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-sizeof-expression) Needed for `PyObject *`
+        return b.format == format_descriptor<T>::format() && b.itemsize == (ssize_t) sizeof(T);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct compare_buffer_info<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info &b) {
+        return (size_t) b.itemsize == sizeof(T)
+               && (b.format == format_descriptor<T>::value
+                   || ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(long))
+                       && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "L" : "l"))
+                   || ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(size_t))
+                       && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "N" : "n")));
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/chrono.h

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/chrono.h: Transparent conversion between std::chrono and python's datetime
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Trent Houliston <trent@houliston.me> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <datetime.h>
+#include <mutex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename type>
+class duration_caster {
+public:
+    using rep = typename type::rep;
+    using period = typename type::period;
+
+    // signed 25 bits required by the standard.
+    using days = std::chrono::duration<int_least32_t, std::ratio<86400>>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // If invoked with datetime.delta object
+        if (PyDelta_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                days(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS(src.ptr()))
+                + seconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS(src.ptr()))
+                + microseconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        // If invoked with a float we assume it is seconds and convert
+        if (PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                duration<double>(PyFloat_AsDouble(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a duration just return it back
+    static const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &src) {
+        return src;
+    }
+    static const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &&)
+        = delete;
+
+    // If this is a time_point get the time_since_epoch
+    template <typename Clock>
+    static std::chrono::duration<rep, period>
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, std::chrono::duration<rep, period>> &src) {
+        return src.time_since_epoch();
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Use overloaded function to get our duration from our source
+        // Works out if it is a duration or time_point and get the duration
+        auto d = get_duration(src);
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        // Declare these special duration types so the conversions happen with the correct
+        // primitive types (int)
+        using dd_t = duration<int, std::ratio<86400>>;
+        using ss_t = duration<int, std::ratio<1>>;
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+
+        auto dd = duration_cast<dd_t>(d);
+        auto subd = d - dd;
+        auto ss = duration_cast<ss_t>(subd);
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(subd - ss);
+        return PyDelta_FromDSU(dd.count(), ss.count(), us.count());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, const_name("datetime.timedelta"));
+};
+
+inline std::tm *localtime_thread_safe(const std::time_t *time, std::tm *buf) {
+#if (defined(__STDC_LIB_EXT1__) && defined(__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__)) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+    if (localtime_s(buf, time))
+        return nullptr;
+    return buf;
+#else
+    static std::mutex mtx;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
+    std::tm *tm_ptr = std::localtime(time);
+    if (tm_ptr != nullptr) {
+        *buf = *tm_ptr;
+    }
+    return tm_ptr;
+#endif
+}
+
+// This is for casting times on the system clock into datetime.datetime instances
+template <typename Duration>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>> {
+public:
+    using type = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>;
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::tm cal;
+        microseconds msecs;
+
+        if (PyDateTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+        } else if (PyDate_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = 0;
+            cal.tm_min = 0;
+            cal.tm_hour = 0;
+            cal.tm_mday = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(0);
+        } else if (PyTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday = 1;  // This date (day, month, year) = (1, 0, 70)
+            cal.tm_mon = 0;   // represents 1-Jan-1970, which is the first
+            cal.tm_year = 70; // earliest available date for Python's datetime
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = time_point_cast<Duration>(system_clock::from_time_t(std::mktime(&cal)) + msecs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> &src,
+                       return_value_policy /* policy */,
+                       handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        // Get out microseconds, and make sure they are positive, to avoid bug in eastern
+        // hemisphere time zones (cfr. https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/2417)
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(src.time_since_epoch() % seconds(1));
+        if (us.count() < 0) {
+            us += duration_cast<us_t>(seconds(1));
+        }
+
+        // Subtract microseconds BEFORE `system_clock::to_time_t`, because:
+        // > If std::time_t has lower precision, it is implementation-defined whether the value is
+        // rounded or truncated. (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/system_clock/to_time_t)
+        std::time_t tt
+            = system_clock::to_time_t(time_point_cast<system_clock::duration>(src - us));
+
+        std::tm localtime;
+        std::tm *localtime_ptr = localtime_thread_safe(&tt, &localtime);
+        if (!localtime_ptr) {
+            throw cast_error("Unable to represent system_clock in local time");
+        }
+        return PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(localtime.tm_year + 1900,
+                                          localtime.tm_mon + 1,
+                                          localtime.tm_mday,
+                                          localtime.tm_hour,
+                                          localtime.tm_min,
+                                          localtime.tm_sec,
+                                          us.count());
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, const_name("datetime.datetime"));
+};
+
+// Other clocks that are not the system clock are not measured as datetime.datetime objects
+// since they are not measured on calendar time. So instead we just make them timedeltas
+// Or if they have passed us a time as a float we convert that
+template <typename Clock, typename Duration>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>>
+    : public duration_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>> {};
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>>
+    : public duration_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#warning "Including 'common.h' is deprecated. It will be removed in v3.0. Use 'pybind11.h'."

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/complex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/complex.h: Complex number support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <complex>
+
+/// glibc defines I as a macro which breaks things, e.g., boost template names
+#ifdef I
+#    undef I
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct format_descriptor<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = format_descriptor<T>::c;
+    static constexpr const char value[3] = {'Z', c, '\0'};
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(value); }
+};
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_CPP17
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr const char
+    format_descriptor<std::complex<T>,
+                      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>>::value[3];
+
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_fmt_numeric<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    static constexpr int index = is_fmt_numeric<T>::index + 3;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class type_caster<std::complex<T>> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!convert && !PyComplex_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Py_complex result = PyComplex_AsCComplex(src.ptr());
+        if (result.real == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = std::complex<T>((T) result.real, (T) result.imag);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle
+    cast(const std::complex<T> &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyComplex_FromDoubles((double) src.real(), (double) src.imag());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(std::complex<T>, const_name("complex"));
+};
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+NOTE
+----
+
+The C++ code here
+
+** only depends on <Python.h> **
+
+and nothing else.
+
+DO NOT ADD CODE WITH OTHER EXTERNAL DEPENDENCIES TO THIS DIRECTORY.
+
+Read on:
+
+pybind11_conduit_v1.h — Type-safe interoperability between different
+                        independent Python/C++ bindings systems.

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/pybind11_conduit_v1.h

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+/* The pybind11_conduit_v1 feature enables type-safe interoperability between
+
+* different independent Python/C++ bindings systems,
+
+* including pybind11 versions with different PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION's.
+
+    * NOTE: The conduit feature
+            only covers    from-Python-to-C++ conversions, it
+            does not cover from-C++-to-Python conversions.
+            (For the latter, a different feature would have to be added.)
+
+The naming of the feature is a bit misleading:
+
+* The feature is in no way tied to pybind11 internals.
+
+* It just happens to originate from pybind11 and currently still lives there.
+
+* The only external dependency is <Python.h>.
+
+The implementation is a VERY light-weight dependency. It is designed to be
+compatible with any ISO C++11 (or higher) compiler, and does NOT require
+C++ Exception Handling to be enabled.
+
+Please see https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5296 for more background.
+
+The implementation involves a
+
+def _pybind11_conduit_v1_(
+    self,
+    pybind11_platform_abi_id: bytes,
+    cpp_type_info_capsule: capsule,
+    pointer_kind: bytes) -> capsule
+
+method that is meant to be added to Python objects wrapping C++ objects
+(e.g. pybind11::class_-wrapped types).
+
+The design of the _pybind11_conduit_v1_ feature provides two layers of
+protection against C++ ABI mismatches:
+
+* The first and most important layer is that the pybind11_platform_abi_id's
+  must match between extensions. — This will never be perfect, but is the same
+  pragmatic approach used in pybind11 since 2017
+  (https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/commit/96997a4b9d4ec3d389a570604394af5d5eee2557,
+  PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID).
+
+* The second layer is that the typeid(std::type_info).name()'s must match
+  between extensions.
+
+The implementation below (which is shorter than this comment!), serves as a
+battle-tested specification. The main API is this one function:
+
+auto *cpp_pointer = pybind11_conduit_v1::get_type_pointer_ephemeral<YourType>(py_obj);
+
+It is meant to be a minimalistic reference implementation, intentionally
+without comprehensive error reporting. It is expected that major bindings
+systems will roll their own, compatible implementations, potentially with
+system-specific error reporting. The essential specifications all bindings
+systems need to agree on are merely:
+
+* PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID (const char* literal).
+
+* The cpp_type_info capsule (see below: a void *ptr and a const char *name).
+
+* The cpp_conduit capsule (see below: a void *ptr and a const char *name).
+
+* "raw_pointer_ephemeral" means: the lifetime of the pointer is the lifetime
+  of the py_obj.
+
+*/
+
+// THIS MUST STAY AT THE TOP!
+#include "pybind11_platform_abi_id.h"
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+namespace pybind11_conduit_v1 {
+
+inline void *get_raw_pointer_ephemeral(PyObject *py_obj, const std::type_info *cpp_type_info) {
+    PyObject *cpp_type_info_capsule
+        = PyCapsule_New(const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(cpp_type_info)),
+                        typeid(std::type_info).name(),
+                        nullptr);
+    if (cpp_type_info_capsule == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    PyObject *cpp_conduit = PyObject_CallMethod(py_obj,
+                                                "_pybind11_conduit_v1_",
+                                                "yOy",
+                                                PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID,
+                                                cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                                "raw_pointer_ephemeral");
+    Py_DECREF(cpp_type_info_capsule);
+    if (cpp_conduit == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    void *raw_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(cpp_conduit, cpp_type_info->name());
+    Py_DECREF(cpp_conduit);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return raw_ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T *get_type_pointer_ephemeral(PyObject *py_obj) {
+    void *raw_ptr = get_raw_pointer_ephemeral(py_obj, &typeid(T));
+    if (raw_ptr == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return static_cast<T *>(raw_ptr);
+}
+
+} // namespace pybind11_conduit_v1

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+// To maximize reusability:
+// DO NOT ADD CODE THAT REQUIRES C++ EXCEPTION HANDLING.
+
+#include "wrap_include_python_h.h"
+
+// Implementation details. DO NOT USE ELSEWHERE. (Unfortunately we cannot #undef them.)
+// This is duplicated here to maximize portability.
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(x) PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_STRINGIFY(x)
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE
+//   // To maintain backward compatibility (see PR #5439).
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE ""
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE "_"
+#    if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "mingw"
+#    elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "gcc_cygwin"
+#    elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "msvc"
+#    elif defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "system" // Assumed compatible with system compiler.
+#    else
+#        error "Unknown PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// PR #5439 made this macro obsolete. However, there are many manipulations of this macro in the
+// wild. Therefore, to maintain backward compatibility, it is kept around.
+#ifndef PYBIND11_STDLIB
+#    define PYBIND11_STDLIB ""
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI
+#    if defined(_MSC_VER)                 // See PR #4953.
+#        if defined(_MT) && defined(_DLL) // Corresponding to CL command line options /MD or /MDd.
+#            if (_MSC_VER) / 100 == 19
+#                define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_md_mscver19"
+#            else
+#                error "Unknown major version for MSC_VER: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#            endif
+#        elif defined(_MT) // Corresponding to CL command line options /MT or /MTd.
+#            define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_mt_mscver" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(_MSC_VER)
+#        else
+#            if (_MSC_VER) / 100 == 19
+#                define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_none_mscver19"
+#            else
+#                error "Unknown major version for MSC_VER: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#            endif
+#        endif
+#    elif defined(_LIBCPP_ABI_VERSION) // https://libcxx.llvm.org/DesignDocs/ABIVersioning.html
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI                                                                \
+            "_libcpp_abi" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(_LIBCPP_ABI_VERSION)
+#    elif defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI) // See PR #5439.
+#        if defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+//           // Assume that NVHPC is in the 1xxx ABI family.
+//           // THIS ASSUMPTION IS NOT FUTURE PROOF but apparently the best we can do.
+//           // Please let us know if there is a way to validate the assumption here.
+#        elif !defined(__GXX_ABI_VERSION)
+#            error                                                                                \
+                "Unknown platform or compiler (_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI): PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#        endif
+#        if defined(__GXX_ABI_VERSION) && __GXX_ABI_VERSION < 1002 || __GXX_ABI_VERSION >= 2000
+#            error "Unknown platform or compiler (__GXX_ABI_VERSION): PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#        endif
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI                                                                \
+            "_libstdcpp_gxx_abi_1xxx_use_cxx11_abi_" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID_TOSTRING(           \
+                _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)
+#    else
+#        error "Unknown platform or compiler: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// On MSVC, debug and release builds are not ABI-compatible!
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG)
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE "_debug"
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE ""
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID                                                                  \
+    PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE PYBIND11_STDLIB PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/wrap_include_python_h.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+// STRONG REQUIREMENT:
+//   This header is a wrapper around `#include <Python.h>`, therefore it
+//   MUST BE INCLUDED BEFORE ANY STANDARD HEADERS are included.
+// See also:
+//   https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/intro.html#include-files
+// Quoting from there:
+//   Note: Since Python may define some pre-processor definitions which affect
+//   the standard headers on some systems, you must include Python.h before
+//   any standard headers are included.
+
+// To maximize reusability:
+// DO NOT ADD CODE THAT REQUIRES C++ EXCEPTION HANDLING.
+
+// Disable linking to pythonX_d.lib on Windows in debug mode.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_DEBUG)
+// Workaround for a VS 2022 issue.
+// See https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3497 for full context.
+// NOTE: This workaround knowingly violates the Python.h include order
+//       requirement (see above).
+#    include <yvals.h>
+#    if _MSVC_STL_VERSION >= 143
+#        include <crtdefs.h>
+#    endif
+#    define PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#    undef _DEBUG
+#endif
+
+// Don't let Python.h #define (v)snprintf as macro because they are implemented
+// properly in Visual Studio since 2015.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define HAVE_SNPRINTF 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    pragma warning(push)
+#    pragma warning(disable : 4505)
+// C4505: 'PySlice_GetIndicesEx': unreferenced local function has been removed
+#endif
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <frameobject.h>
+#include <pythread.h>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER)
+#    define _DEBUG 1
+#    undef PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#endif
+
+// Python #defines overrides on all sorts of core functions, which
+// tends to wreak havok in C++ codebases that expect these to work
+// like regular functions (potentially with several overloads).
+#if defined(isalnum)
+#    undef isalnum
+#    undef isalpha
+#    undef islower
+#    undef isspace
+#    undef isupper
+#    undef tolower
+#    undef toupper
+#endif
+
+#if defined(copysign)
+#    undef copysign
+#endif

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/critical_section.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// This does not do anything if there's a GIL. On free-threaded Python,
+/// it locks an object. This uses the CPython API, which has limits
+class scoped_critical_section {
+public:
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    explicit scoped_critical_section(handle obj1, handle obj2 = handle{}) {
+        if (obj1) {
+            if (obj2) {
+                PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&section2, obj1.ptr(), obj2.ptr());
+                rank = 2;
+            } else {
+                PyCriticalSection_Begin(&section, obj1.ptr());
+                rank = 1;
+            }
+        } else if (obj2) {
+            PyCriticalSection_Begin(&section, obj2.ptr());
+            rank = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~scoped_critical_section() {
+        if (rank == 1) {
+            PyCriticalSection_End(&section);
+        } else if (rank == 2) {
+            PyCriticalSection2_End(&section2);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    explicit scoped_critical_section(handle, handle = handle{}) {};
+    ~scoped_critical_section() = default;
+#endif
+
+    scoped_critical_section(const scoped_critical_section &) = delete;
+    scoped_critical_section &operator=(const scoped_critical_section &) = delete;
+
+private:
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    int rank{0};
+    union {
+        PyCriticalSection section;
+        PyCriticalSection2 section2;
+    };
+#endif
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/class.h

@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/class.h: Python C API implementation details for py::class_
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/attr.h>
+#include <pybind11/options.h>
+
+#include "exception_translation.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+#    define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)
+#else
+// In PyPy, we still set __qualname__ so that we can produce reliable function type
+// signatures; in CPython this macro expands to nothing:
+#    define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)                                             \
+        setattr((PyObject *) obj, "__qualname__", nameobj)
+#endif
+
+inline std::string get_fully_qualified_tp_name(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    return type->tp_name;
+#else
+    auto module_name = handle((PyObject *) type).attr("__module__").cast<std::string>();
+    if (module_name == PYBIND11_BUILTINS_MODULE)
+        return type->tp_name;
+    else
+        return std::move(module_name) + "." + type->tp_name;
+#endif
+}
+
+inline PyTypeObject *type_incref(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    Py_INCREF(type);
+    return type;
+}
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__get__()`: Always pass the class instead of the instance.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_static_get(PyObject *self, PyObject * /*ob*/, PyObject *cls) {
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_get(self, cls, cls);
+}
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__set__()`: Just like the above `__get__()`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_static_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value) {
+    PyObject *cls = PyType_Check(obj) ? obj : (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(obj);
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_set(self, cls, value);
+}
+
+// Forward declaration to use in `make_static_property_type()`
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type);
+
+/** A `static_property` is the same as a `property` but the `__get__()` and `__set__()`
+    methods are modified to always use the object type instead of a concrete instance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_static_property";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): error allocating type!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#    ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#    endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyProperty_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    type->tp_descr_get = pybind11_static_get;
+    type->tp_descr_set = pybind11_static_set;
+
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000
+    // Since Python-3.12 property-derived types are required to
+    // have dynamic attributes (to set `__doc__`)
+    enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+#    endif
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str(PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+#else // PYPY
+
+/** PyPy has some issues with the above C API, so we evaluate Python code instead.
+    This function will only be called once so performance isn't really a concern.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    auto d = dict();
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(R"(\
+class pybind11_static_property(property):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+        return property.__get__(self, cls, cls)
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
+        cls = obj if isinstance(obj, type) else type(obj)
+        property.__set__(self, cls, value)
+)",
+                                    Py_file_input,
+                                    d.ptr(),
+                                    d.ptr());
+    if (result == nullptr)
+        throw error_already_set();
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+    return (PyTypeObject *) d["pybind11_static_property"].cast<object>().release().ptr();
+}
+
+#endif // PYPY
+
+/** Types with static properties need to handle `Type.static_prop = x` in a specific way.
+    By default, Python replaces the `static_property` itself, but for wrapped C++ types
+    we need to call `static_property.__set__()` in order to propagate the new value to
+    the underlying C++ data structure. */
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_meta_setattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject *value) {
+    // Use `_PyType_Lookup()` instead of `PyObject_GetAttr()` in order to get the raw
+    // descriptor (`property`) instead of calling `tp_descr_get` (`property.__get__()`).
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+
+    // The following assignment combinations are possible:
+    //   1. `Type.static_prop = value`             --> descr_set: `Type.static_prop.__set__(value)`
+    //   2. `Type.static_prop = other_static_prop` --> setattro:  replace existing `static_prop`
+    //   3. `Type.regular_attribute = value`       --> setattro:  regular attribute assignment
+    auto *const static_prop = (PyObject *) get_internals().static_property_type;
+    const auto call_descr_set = (descr != nullptr) && (value != nullptr)
+                                && (PyObject_IsInstance(descr, static_prop) != 0)
+                                && (PyObject_IsInstance(value, static_prop) == 0);
+    if (call_descr_set) {
+        // Call `static_property.__set__()` instead of replacing the `static_property`.
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set(descr, obj, value);
+#else
+        if (PyObject *result = PyObject_CallMethod(descr, "__set__", "OO", obj, value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+#endif
+    } else {
+        // Replace existing attribute.
+        return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(obj, name, value);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Python 3's PyInstanceMethod_Type hides itself via its tp_descr_get, which prevents aliasing
+ * methods via cls.attr("m2") = cls.attr("m1"): instead the tp_descr_get returns a plain function,
+ * when called on a class, or a PyMethod, when called on an instance.  Override that behaviour here
+ * to do a special case bypass for PyInstanceMethod_Types.
+ */
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_getattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+    if (descr && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr)) {
+        Py_INCREF(descr);
+        return descr;
+    }
+    return PyType_Type.tp_getattro(obj, name);
+}
+
+/// metaclass `__call__` function that is used to create all pybind11 objects.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_call(PyObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
+
+    // use the default metaclass call to create/initialize the object
+    PyObject *self = PyType_Type.tp_call(type, args, kwargs);
+    if (self == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that the base __init__ function(s) were called
+    values_and_holders vhs(self);
+    for (const auto &vh : vhs) {
+        if (!vh.holder_constructed() && !vhs.is_redundant_value_and_holder(vh)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                         "%.200s.__init__() must be called when overriding __init__",
+                         get_fully_qualified_tp_name(vh.type->type).c_str());
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Cleanup the type-info for a pybind11-registered type.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_meta_dealloc(PyObject *obj) {
+    with_internals([obj](internals &internals) {
+        auto *type = (PyTypeObject *) obj;
+
+        // A pybind11-registered type will:
+        // 1) be found in internals.registered_types_py
+        // 2) have exactly one associated `detail::type_info`
+        auto found_type = internals.registered_types_py.find(type);
+        if (found_type != internals.registered_types_py.end() && found_type->second.size() == 1
+            && found_type->second[0]->type == type) {
+
+            auto *tinfo = found_type->second[0];
+            auto tindex = std::type_index(*tinfo->cpptype);
+            internals.direct_conversions.erase(tindex);
+
+            if (tinfo->module_local) {
+                get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp.erase(tindex);
+            } else {
+                internals.registered_types_cpp.erase(tindex);
+            }
+            internals.registered_types_py.erase(tinfo->type);
+
+            // Actually just `std::erase_if`, but that's only available in C++20
+            auto &cache = internals.inactive_override_cache;
+            for (auto it = cache.begin(), last = cache.end(); it != last;) {
+                if (it->first == (PyObject *) tinfo->type) {
+                    it = cache.erase(it);
+                } else {
+                    ++it;
+                }
+            }
+
+            delete tinfo;
+        }
+    });
+
+    PyType_Type.tp_dealloc(obj);
+}
+
+/** This metaclass is assigned by default to all pybind11 types and is required in order
+    for static properties to function correctly. Users may override this using `py::metaclass`.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_default_metaclass() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_type";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): error allocating metaclass!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyType_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_call = pybind11_meta_call;
+
+    type->tp_setattro = pybind11_meta_setattro;
+    type->tp_getattro = pybind11_meta_getattro;
+
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_meta_dealloc;
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str(PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+/// For multiple inheritance types we need to recursively register/deregister base pointers for any
+/// base classes with pointers that are difference from the instance value pointer so that we can
+/// correctly recognize an offset base class pointer. This calls a function with any offset base
+/// ptrs.
+inline void traverse_offset_bases(void *valueptr,
+                                  const detail::type_info *tinfo,
+                                  instance *self,
+                                  bool (*f)(void * /*parentptr*/, instance * /*self*/)) {
+    for (handle h : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(tinfo->type->tp_bases)) {
+        if (auto *parent_tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr())) {
+            for (auto &c : parent_tinfo->implicit_casts) {
+                if (c.first == tinfo->cpptype) {
+                    auto *parentptr = c.second(valueptr);
+                    if (parentptr != valueptr) {
+                        f(parentptr, self);
+                    }
+                    traverse_offset_bases(parentptr, parent_tinfo, self, f);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+inline void enable_try_inc_ref(PyObject *obj) {
+    // TODO: Replace with PyUnstable_Object_EnableTryIncRef when available.
+    // See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/128844
+    if (_Py_IsImmortal(obj)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (;;) {
+        Py_ssize_t shared = _Py_atomic_load_ssize_relaxed(&obj->ob_ref_shared);
+        if ((shared & _Py_REF_SHARED_FLAG_MASK) != 0) {
+            // Nothing to do if it's in WEAKREFS, QUEUED, or MERGED states.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (_Py_atomic_compare_exchange_ssize(
+                &obj->ob_ref_shared, &shared, shared | _Py_REF_MAYBE_WEAKREF)) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool register_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    enable_try_inc_ref(reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(self));
+#endif
+    with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) { instances.emplace(ptr, self); });
+    return true; // unused, but gives the same signature as the deregister func
+}
+inline bool deregister_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+    return with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto range = instances.equal_range(ptr);
+        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+            if (self == it->second) {
+                instances.erase(it);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+}
+
+inline void register_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    register_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors) {
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, register_instance_impl);
+    }
+}
+
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    bool ret = deregister_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors) {
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, deregister_instance_impl);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It allocates the internal instance layout
+/// for holding C++ objects and holders.  Allocation is done lazily (the first time the instance is
+/// cast to a reference or pointer), and initialization is done by an `__init__` function.
+inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    // PyPy gets tp_basicsize wrong (issue 2482) under multiple inheritance when the first
+    // inherited object is a plain Python type (i.e. not derived from an extension type).  Fix it.
+    ssize_t instance_size = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (type->tp_basicsize < instance_size) {
+        type->tp_basicsize = instance_size;
+    }
+#endif
+    PyObject *self = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    auto *inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(self);
+    // Allocate the value/holder internals:
+    inst->allocate_layout();
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It only allocates space for the
+/// C++ object, but doesn't call the constructor -- an `__init__` function must do that.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    return make_new_instance(type);
+}
+
+/// An `__init__` function constructs the C++ object. Users should provide at least one
+/// of these using `py::init` or directly with `.def(__init__, ...)`. Otherwise, the
+/// following default function will be used which simply throws an exception.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_object_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+    std::string msg = get_fully_qualified_tp_name(type) + ": No constructor defined!";
+    set_error(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
+    return -1;
+}
+
+inline void add_patient(PyObject *nurse, PyObject *patient) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(nurse);
+    instance->has_patients = true;
+    Py_INCREF(patient);
+
+    with_internals([&](internals &internals) { internals.patients[nurse].push_back(patient); });
+}
+
+inline void clear_patients(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+    std::vector<PyObject *> patients;
+
+    with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        auto pos = internals.patients.find(self);
+
+        if (pos == internals.patients.end()) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "FATAL: Internal consistency check failed: Invalid clear_patients() call.");
+        }
+
+        // Clearing the patients can cause more Python code to run, which
+        // can invalidate the iterator. Extract the vector of patients
+        // from the unordered_map first.
+        patients = std::move(pos->second);
+        internals.patients.erase(pos);
+    });
+
+    instance->has_patients = false;
+    for (PyObject *&patient : patients) {
+        Py_CLEAR(patient);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Clears all internal data from the instance and removes it from registered instances in
+/// preparation for deallocation.
+inline void clear_instance(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+
+    // Deallocate any values/holders, if present:
+    for (auto &v_h : values_and_holders(instance)) {
+        if (v_h) {
+
+            // We have to deregister before we call dealloc because, for virtual MI types, we still
+            // need to be able to get the parent pointers.
+            if (v_h.instance_registered()
+                && !deregister_instance(instance, v_h.value_ptr(), v_h.type)) {
+                pybind11_fail(
+                    "pybind11_object_dealloc(): Tried to deallocate unregistered instance!");
+            }
+
+            if (instance->owned || v_h.holder_constructed()) {
+                v_h.type->dealloc(v_h);
+            }
+        } else if (v_h.holder_constructed()) {
+            v_h.type->dealloc(v_h); // Disowned instance.
+        }
+    }
+    // Deallocate the value/holder layout internals:
+    instance->deallocate_layout();
+
+    if (instance->weakrefs) {
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
+    }
+
+    PyObject **dict_ptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    if (dict_ptr) {
+        Py_CLEAR(*dict_ptr);
+    }
+
+    if (instance->has_patients) {
+        clear_patients(self);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Instance destructor function for all pybind11 types. It calls `type_info.dealloc`
+/// to destroy the C++ object itself, while the rest is Python bookkeeping.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_object_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+
+    // If this is a GC tracked object, untrack it first
+    // Note that the track call is implicitly done by the
+    // default tp_alloc, which we never override.
+    if (PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC) != 0) {
+        PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    }
+
+    clear_instance(self);
+
+    type->tp_free(self);
+
+    // This was not needed before Python 3.8 (Python issue 35810)
+    // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/1946
+    Py_DECREF(type);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wredundant-decls")
+
+std::string error_string();
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+/** Create the type which can be used as a common base for all classes.  This is
+    needed in order to satisfy Python's requirements for multiple inheritance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass) {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_object";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_object_base_type(): error allocating type!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyBaseObject_Type);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_new = pybind11_object_new;
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_object_dealloc;
+
+    /* Support weak references (needed for the keep_alive feature) */
+    type->tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(instance, weakrefs);
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("PyType_Ready failed in make_object_base_type(): " + error_string());
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str(PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+    return (PyObject *) heap_type;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the garbage collector to traverse the internal instance `__dict__`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+    PyObject_VisitManagedDict(self, visit, arg);
+#else
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_VISIT(dict);
+#endif
+// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_traverse
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000
+    Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the GC to clear the dictionary.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_clear(PyObject *self) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+    PyObject_ClearManagedDict(self);
+#else
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(dict);
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// Give instances of this type a `__dict__` and opt into garbage collection.
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC;
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY_TP_DICTOFFSET
+    type->tp_dictoffset = type->tp_basicsize;           // place dict at the end
+    type->tp_basicsize += (ssize_t) sizeof(PyObject *); // and allocate enough space for it
+#else
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT;
+#endif
+    type->tp_traverse = pybind11_traverse;
+    type->tp_clear = pybind11_clear;
+
+    static PyGetSetDef getset[]
+        = {{"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict, nullptr, nullptr},
+           {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}};
+    type->tp_getset = getset;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Fill in the view as specified by flags.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
+    // Look for a `get_buffer` implementation in this type's info or any bases (following MRO).
+    type_info *tinfo = nullptr;
+    for (auto type : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_mro)) {
+        tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) type.ptr());
+        if (tinfo && tinfo->get_buffer) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (view == nullptr || !tinfo || !tinfo->get_buffer) {
+        if (view) {
+            view->obj = nullptr;
+        }
+        set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "pybind11_getbuffer(): Internal error");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+    std::unique_ptr<buffer_info> info = nullptr;
+    try {
+        info.reset(tinfo->get_buffer(obj, tinfo->get_buffer_data));
+    } catch (...) {
+        try_translate_exceptions();
+        raise_from(PyExc_BufferError, "Error getting buffer");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (info == nullptr) {
+        pybind11_fail("FATAL UNEXPECTED SITUATION: tinfo->get_buffer() returned nullptr.");
+    }
+
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_WRITABLE) == PyBUF_WRITABLE && info->readonly) {
+        // view->obj = nullptr;  // Was just memset to 0, so not necessary
+        set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "Writable buffer requested for readonly storage");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Fill in all the information, and then downgrade as requested by the caller, or raise an
+    // error if that's not possible.
+    view->itemsize = info->itemsize;
+    view->len = view->itemsize;
+    for (auto s : info->shape) {
+        view->len *= s;
+    }
+    view->ndim = static_cast<int>(info->ndim);
+    view->shape = info->shape.data();
+    view->strides = info->strides.data();
+    view->readonly = static_cast<int>(info->readonly);
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_FORMAT) == PyBUF_FORMAT) {
+        view->format = const_cast<char *>(info->format.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Note, all contiguity flags imply PyBUF_STRIDES and lower.
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS) == PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'C') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError,
+                      "C-contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    } else if ((flags & PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS) == PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'F') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError,
+                      "Fortran-contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    } else if ((flags & PyBUF_ANY_CONTIGUOUS) == PyBUF_ANY_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'A') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "Contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+    } else if ((flags & PyBUF_STRIDES) != PyBUF_STRIDES) {
+        // If no strides are requested, the buffer must be C-contiguous.
+        // https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/buffer.html#contiguity-requests
+        if (PyBuffer_IsContiguous(view, 'C') == 0) {
+            std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+            set_error(PyExc_BufferError,
+                      "C-contiguous buffer requested for discontiguous storage");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        view->strides = nullptr;
+
+        // Since this is a contiguous buffer, it can also pretend to be 1D.
+        if ((flags & PyBUF_ND) != PyBUF_ND) {
+            view->shape = nullptr;
+            view->ndim = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Set these after all checks so they don't leak out into the caller, and can be automatically
+    // cleaned up on error.
+    view->buf = info->ptr;
+    view->internal = info.release();
+    view->obj = obj;
+    Py_INCREF(view->obj);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Release the resources of the buffer.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_releasebuffer(PyObject *, Py_buffer *view) {
+    delete (buffer_info *) view->internal;
+}
+
+/// Give this type a buffer interface.
+inline void enable_buffer_protocol(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    heap_type->ht_type.tp_as_buffer = &heap_type->as_buffer;
+
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_getbuffer = pybind11_getbuffer;
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_releasebuffer = pybind11_releasebuffer;
+}
+
+/** Create a brand new Python type according to the `type_record` specification.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_new_python_type(const type_record &rec) {
+    auto name = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(rec.name));
+
+    auto qualname = name;
+    if (rec.scope && !PyModule_Check(rec.scope.ptr()) && hasattr(rec.scope, "__qualname__")) {
+        qualname = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+            PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", rec.scope.attr("__qualname__").ptr(), name.ptr()));
+    }
+
+    object module_ = get_module_name_if_available(rec.scope);
+    const auto *full_name = c_str(
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        module_ ? str(module_).cast<std::string>() + "." + rec.name :
+#endif
+                rec.name);
+
+    char *tp_doc = nullptr;
+    if (rec.doc && options::show_user_defined_docstrings()) {
+        /* Allocate memory for docstring (Python will free this later on) */
+        size_t size = std::strlen(rec.doc) + 1;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyMem_MALLOC(size);
+#else
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyObject_MALLOC(size);
+#endif
+        std::memcpy((void *) tp_doc, rec.doc, size);
+    }
+
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    auto bases = tuple(rec.bases);
+    auto *base = (bases.empty()) ? internals.instance_base : bases[0].ptr();
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *metaclass
+        = rec.metaclass.ptr() ? (PyTypeObject *) rec.metaclass.ptr() : internals.default_metaclass;
+
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": Unable to create type object!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name.release().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = qualname.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = full_name;
+    type->tp_doc = tp_doc;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref((PyTypeObject *) base);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (!bases.empty()) {
+        type->tp_bases = bases.release().ptr();
+    }
+
+    /* Don't inherit base __init__ */
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+
+    /* Supported protocols */
+    type->tp_as_number = &heap_type->as_number;
+    type->tp_as_sequence = &heap_type->as_sequence;
+    type->tp_as_mapping = &heap_type->as_mapping;
+    type->tp_as_async = &heap_type->as_async;
+
+    /* Flags */
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    if (!rec.is_final) {
+        type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
+    }
+
+    if (rec.dynamic_attr) {
+        enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (rec.buffer_protocol) {
+        enable_buffer_protocol(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (rec.custom_type_setup_callback) {
+        rec.custom_type_setup_callback(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": PyType_Ready failed: " + error_string());
+    }
+
+    assert(!rec.dynamic_attr || PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+
+    /* Register type with the parent scope */
+    if (rec.scope) {
+        setattr(rec.scope, rec.name, (PyObject *) type);
+    } else {
+        Py_INCREF(type); // Keep it alive forever (reference leak)
+    }
+
+    if (module_) { // Needed by pydoc
+        setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", module_);
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, qualname);
+
+    return (PyObject *) type;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/cpp_conduit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Forward declaration needed here: Refactoring opportunity.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
+inline bool type_is_managed_by_our_internals(PyTypeObject *type_obj) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    return bool(internals.registered_types_py.find(type_obj)
+                != internals.registered_types_py.end());
+#else
+    return bool(type_obj->tp_new == pybind11_object_new);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool is_instance_method_of_type(PyTypeObject *type_obj, PyObject *attr_name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup(type_obj, attr_name);
+    return bool((descr != nullptr) && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr));
+}
+
+inline object try_get_cpp_conduit_method(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        return object();
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *type_obj = Py_TYPE(obj);
+    str attr_name("_pybind11_conduit_v1_");
+    bool assumed_to_be_callable = false;
+    if (type_is_managed_by_our_internals(type_obj)) {
+        if (!is_instance_method_of_type(type_obj, attr_name.ptr())) {
+            return object();
+        }
+        assumed_to_be_callable = true;
+    }
+    PyObject *method = PyObject_GetAttr(obj, attr_name.ptr());
+    if (method == nullptr) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return object();
+    }
+    if (!assumed_to_be_callable && PyCallable_Check(method) == 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(method);
+        return object();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(method);
+}
+
+inline void *try_raw_pointer_ephemeral_from_cpp_conduit(handle src,
+                                                        const std::type_info *cpp_type_info) {
+    object method = try_get_cpp_conduit_method(src.ptr());
+    if (method) {
+        capsule cpp_type_info_capsule(const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(cpp_type_info)),
+                                      typeid(std::type_info).name());
+        object cpp_conduit = method(bytes(PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID),
+                                    cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                    bytes("raw_pointer_ephemeral"));
+        if (isinstance<capsule>(cpp_conduit)) {
+            return reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(cpp_conduit).get_pointer();
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/descr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/descr.h: Helper type for concatenating type signatures at compile time
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR static constexpr
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR const
+#endif
+
+/* Concatenate type signatures at compile time */
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+struct descr {
+    char text[N + 1]{'\0'};
+
+    constexpr descr() = default;
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    constexpr descr(char const (&s)[N + 1]) : descr(s, make_index_sequence<N>()) {}
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    constexpr descr(char const (&s)[N + 1], index_sequence<Is...>) : text{s[Is]..., '\0'} {}
+
+    template <typename... Chars>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    constexpr descr(char c, Chars... cs) : text{c, static_cast<char>(cs)..., '\0'} {}
+
+    static constexpr std::array<const std::type_info *, sizeof...(Ts) + 1> types() {
+        return {{&typeid(Ts)..., nullptr}};
+    }
+};
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2, size_t... Is1, size_t... Is2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2, Ts1..., Ts2...> plus_impl(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                   const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b,
+                                                   index_sequence<Is1...>,
+                                                   index_sequence<Is2...>) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(b);
+    return {a.text[Is1]..., b.text[Is2]...};
+}
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator+(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                   const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return plus_impl(a, b, make_index_sequence<N1>(), make_index_sequence<N2>());
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+constexpr descr<N - 1> const_name(char const (&text)[N]) {
+    return descr<N - 1>(text);
+}
+constexpr descr<0> const_name(char const (&)[1]) { return {}; }
+
+template <size_t Rem, size_t... Digits>
+struct int_to_str : int_to_str<Rem / 10, Rem % 10, Digits...> {};
+template <size_t... Digits>
+struct int_to_str<0, Digits...> {
+    // WARNING: This only works with C++17 or higher.
+    static constexpr auto digits = descr<sizeof...(Digits)>(('0' + Digits)...);
+};
+
+// Ternary description (like std::conditional)
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 - 1>> const_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&)[N2]) {
+    return const_name(text1);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N2 - 1>> const_name(char const (&)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name(text2);
+}
+
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, T1> const_name(const T1 &d, const T2 &) {
+    return d;
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, T2> const_name(const T1 &, const T2 &d) {
+    return d;
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+auto constexpr const_name() -> remove_cv_t<decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits)> {
+    return int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr descr<1, Type> const_name() {
+    return {'%'};
+}
+
+// Use a different name based on whether the parameter is used as input or output
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 1> io_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name("@") + const_name(text1) + const_name("@") + const_name(text2)
+           + const_name("@");
+}
+
+// Ternary description for io_name (like the numeric type_caster)
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2, size_t N3, size_t N4>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 + N2 + 1>>
+io_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2], char const (&)[N3], char const (&)[N4]) {
+    return io_name(text1, text2);
+}
+
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2, size_t N3, size_t N4>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N3 + N4 + 1>>
+io_name(char const (&)[N1], char const (&)[N2], char const (&text3)[N3], char const (&text4)[N4]) {
+    return io_name(text3, text4);
+}
+
+// If "_" is defined as a macro, py::detail::_ cannot be provided.
+// It is therefore best to use py::detail::const_name universally.
+// This block is for backward compatibility only.
+// (The const_name code is repeated to avoid introducing a "_" #define ourselves.)
+#ifndef _
+#    define PYBIND11_DETAIL_UNDERSCORE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
+template <size_t N>
+constexpr descr<N - 1> _(char const (&text)[N]) {
+    return const_name<N>(text);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 - 1>> _(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name<B, N1, N2>(text1, text2);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N2 - 1>> _(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name<B, N1, N2>(text1, text2);
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, T1> _(const T1 &d1, const T2 &d2) {
+    return const_name<B, T1, T2>(d1, d2);
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, T2> _(const T1 &d1, const T2 &d2) {
+    return const_name<B, T1, T2>(d1, d2);
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+auto constexpr _() -> remove_cv_t<decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits)> {
+    return const_name<Size>();
+}
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr descr<1, Type> _() {
+    return const_name<Type>();
+}
+#endif // #ifndef _
+
+constexpr descr<0> concat() { return {}; }
+constexpr descr<0> union_concat() { return {}; }
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N, Ts...> concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return descr;
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N, Ts...> union_concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return descr;
+}
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 3, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator|(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                       const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return a + const_name(" | ") + b;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 2, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator,(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                       const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return a + const_name(", ") + b;
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args) {
+    return (d, ..., args);
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto union_concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args) {
+    return (d | ... | args);
+}
+
+#else
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<descr<N + 2, Ts...>>() + concat(args...)) {
+    return d + const_name(", ") + concat(args...);
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto union_concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<descr<N + 3, Ts...>>() + union_concat(args...)) {
+    return d + const_name(" | ") + union_concat(args...);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 2, Ts...> type_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("{") + descr + const_name("}");
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 4, Ts...> arg_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("@^") + descr + const_name("@!");
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 4, Ts...> return_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("@$") + descr + const_name("@!");
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename To, typename From, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+struct dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible<
+    To,
+    From,
+    detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<To, void>::value && std::is_polymorphic<From>::value>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename To,
+          typename From,
+          detail::enable_if_t<!dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible<To, From>::value, int> = 0>
+To *dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible(From * /*ptr*/) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename To,
+          typename From,
+          detail::enable_if_t<dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_is_possible<To, From>::value, int> = 0>
+To *dynamic_raw_ptr_cast_if_possible(From *ptr) {
+    return dynamic_cast<To *>(ptr);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/exception_translation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/exception_translation.h: means to translate C++ exceptions to Python exceptions
+
+    Copyright (c) 2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Apply all the extensions translators from a list
+// Return true if one of the translators completed without raising an exception
+// itself. Return of false indicates that if there are other translators
+// available, they should be tried.
+inline bool apply_exception_translators(std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &translators) {
+    auto last_exception = std::current_exception();
+
+    for (auto &translator : translators) {
+        try {
+            translator(last_exception);
+            return true;
+        } catch (...) {
+            last_exception = std::current_exception();
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void try_translate_exceptions() {
+    /* When an exception is caught, give each registered exception
+        translator a chance to translate it to a Python exception. First
+        all module-local translators will be tried in reverse order of
+        registration. If none of the module-locale translators handle
+        the exception (or there are no module-locale translators) then
+        the global translators will be tried, also in reverse order of
+        registration.
+
+        A translator may choose to do one of the following:
+
+        - catch the exception and call py::set_error()
+            to set a standard (or custom) Python exception, or
+        - do nothing and let the exception fall through to the next translator, or
+        - delegate translation to the next translator by throwing a new type of exception.
+        */
+
+    bool handled = with_exception_translators(
+        [&](std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &exception_translators,
+            std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &local_exception_translators) {
+            if (detail::apply_exception_translators(local_exception_translators)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (detail::apply_exception_translators(exception_translators)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        });
+
+    if (!handled) {
+        set_error(PyExc_SystemError, "Exception escaped from default exception translator!");
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/function_record_pyobject.h

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// For background see the description of PR google/pybind11clif#30099.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/attr.h>
+#include <pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+struct function_record_PyObject {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    function_record *cpp_func_rec;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+PyObject *tp_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
+PyObject *tp_alloc_impl(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems);
+int tp_init_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
+void tp_dealloc_impl(PyObject *self);
+void tp_free_impl(void *self);
+
+static PyObject *reduce_ex_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
+static PyMethodDef tp_methods_impl[]
+    = {{"__reduce_ex__",
+        // reduce_ex_impl is a PyCFunctionWithKeywords, but PyMethodDef
+        // requires a PyCFunction. The cast through void* is safe and
+        // idiomatic with METH_KEYWORDS, and it successfully sidesteps
+        // unhelpful compiler warnings.
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
+        reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(reduce_ex_impl)),
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+        nullptr},
+       {nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr}};
+
+// Python 3.12+ emits a DeprecationWarning for heap types whose tp_name does
+// not contain a dot ('.') and that lack a __module__ attribute. For pybind11's
+// internal function_record type, we do not have an actual module object to
+// attach, so we cannot use PyType_FromModuleAndSpec (introduced in Python 3.9)
+// to set __module__ automatically.
+//
+// As a workaround, we define a "qualified" type name that includes a dummy
+// module name (PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME). This is non‑idiomatic but avoids
+// the deprecation warning, and results in reprs like
+//
+//     <class 'pybind11_builtins.pybind11_detail_function_record_...'>
+//
+// even though no real pybind11_builtins module exists. If pybind11 gains an
+// actual module object in the future, this code should switch to
+// PyType_FromModuleAndSpec for Python 3.9+ and drop the dummy module
+// workaround.
+//
+// Note that this name is versioned.
+#define PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_TP_PLAINNAME                                              \
+    "pybind11_detail_function_record_" PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_ABI_ID                     \
+    "_" PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID
+constexpr char tp_plainname_impl[] = PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_TP_PLAINNAME;
+constexpr char tp_qualname_impl[]
+    = PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME "." PYBIND11_DETAIL_FUNCTION_RECORD_TP_PLAINNAME;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+static PyType_Slot function_record_PyType_Slots[] = {
+    {Py_tp_dealloc,
+     reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_dealloc_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_methods,
+     reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_methods_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_init_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_alloc, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_alloc_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_new_impl)},
+    {Py_tp_free, reinterpret_cast<void *>(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_free_impl)},
+    {0, nullptr}};
+
+static PyType_Spec function_record_PyType_Spec
+    = {function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_qualname_impl,
+       sizeof(function_record_PyObject),
+       0,
+       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE,
+       function_record_PyType_Slots};
+
+inline PyTypeObject *get_function_record_PyTypeObject() {
+    PyTypeObject *&py_type_obj = detail::get_local_internals().function_record_py_type;
+    if (!py_type_obj) {
+        PyObject *py_obj = PyType_FromSpec(&function_record_PyType_Spec);
+        if (py_obj == nullptr) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        py_type_obj = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>(py_obj);
+    }
+    return py_type_obj;
+}
+
+inline bool is_function_record_PyObject(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *obj_type = Py_TYPE(obj);
+
+    PyTypeObject *frtype = get_function_record_PyTypeObject();
+
+    // Fast path (pointer comparison).
+    if (obj_type == frtype) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // This works across extension modules. Note that tp_name is versioned.
+    if (strcmp(obj_type->tp_name, function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_qualname_impl) == 0
+        || strcmp(obj_type->tp_name, function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_plainname_impl)
+               == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline function_record *function_record_ptr_from_PyObject(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (is_function_record_PyObject(obj)) {
+        return ((detail::function_record_PyObject *) obj)->cpp_func_rec;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+inline object function_record_PyObject_New() {
+    auto *py_func_rec = PyObject_New(function_record_PyObject, get_function_record_PyTypeObject());
+    if (py_func_rec == nullptr) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    py_func_rec->cpp_func_rec = nullptr; // For clarity/purity. Redundant in practice.
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>((PyObject *) py_func_rec);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+// Guard against accidents & oversights, in particular when porting to future Python versions.
+inline PyObject *tp_new_impl(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_new_impl");
+    // return nullptr; // Unreachable.
+}
+
+inline PyObject *tp_alloc_impl(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_alloc_impl");
+    // return nullptr; // Unreachable.
+}
+
+inline int tp_init_impl(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_init_impl");
+    // return -1; // Unreachable.
+}
+
+inline void tp_free_impl(void *) {
+    pybind11_fail("UNEXPECTED CALL OF function_record_PyTypeObject_methods::tp_free_impl");
+}
+
+inline PyObject *reduce_ex_impl(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    // Deliberately ignoring the arguments for simplicity (expected is `protocol: int`).
+    const function_record *rec = function_record_ptr_from_PyObject(self);
+    if (rec == nullptr) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "FATAL: function_record_PyTypeObject reduce_ex_impl(): cannot obtain cpp_func_rec.");
+    }
+    if (rec->name != nullptr && rec->name[0] != '\0' && rec->scope
+        && PyModule_Check(rec->scope.ptr()) != 0) {
+        object scope_module = get_scope_module(rec->scope);
+        if (scope_module) {
+            auto builtins = reinterpret_borrow<dict>(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+            auto builtins_eval = builtins["eval"];
+            auto reconstruct_args = make_tuple(str("__import__('importlib').import_module('")
+                                               + scope_module + str("')"));
+            return make_tuple(std::move(builtins_eval), std::move(reconstruct_args))
+                .release()
+                .ptr();
+        }
+    }
+    set_error(PyExc_RuntimeError, repr(self) + str(" is not pickleable."));
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(function_record_PyTypeObject_methods)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/init.h

@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/init.h: init factory function implementation and support code.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Jason Rhinelander <jason@imaginary.ca>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "class.h"
+#include "using_smart_holder.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<value_and_holder> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle h, bool) {
+        value = reinterpret_cast<value_and_holder *>(h.ptr());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = value_and_holder &;
+    explicit operator value_and_holder &() { return *value; }
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<value_and_holder>();
+
+private:
+    value_and_holder *value = nullptr;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(initimpl)
+
+inline void no_nullptr(const void *ptr) {
+    if (!ptr) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): factory function returned nullptr");
+    }
+}
+
+// Implementing functions for all forms of py::init<...> and py::init(...)
+template <typename Class>
+using Cpp = typename Class::type;
+template <typename Class>
+using Alias = typename Class::type_alias;
+template <typename Class>
+using Holder = typename Class::holder_type;
+
+template <typename Class>
+using is_alias_constructible = std::is_constructible<Alias<Class>, Cpp<Class> &&>;
+
+// Takes a Cpp pointer and returns true if it actually is a polymorphic Alias instance.
+template <typename Class, enable_if_t<Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+bool is_alias(Cpp<Class> *ptr) {
+    return dynamic_cast<Alias<Class> *>(ptr) != nullptr;
+}
+// Failing fallback version of the above for a no-alias class (always returns false)
+template <typename /*Class*/>
+constexpr bool is_alias(const void *) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Constructs and returns a new object; if the given arguments don't map to a constructor, we fall
+// back to brace aggregate initialization so that for aggregate initialization can be used with
+// py::init, e.g.  `py::init<int, int>` to initialize a `struct T { int a; int b; }`.  For
+// non-aggregate types, we need to use an ordinary T(...) constructor (invoking as `T{...}` usually
+// works, but will not do the expected thing when `T` has an `initializer_list<T>` constructor).
+template <typename Class,
+          typename... Args,
+          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<Class, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+inline Class *construct_or_initialize(Args &&...args) {
+    return new Class(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+template <typename Class,
+          typename... Args,
+          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_constructible<Class, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+inline Class *construct_or_initialize(Args &&...args) {
+    return new Class{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+}
+
+// Attempts to constructs an alias using a `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor.  This allows types with
+// an alias to provide only a single Cpp factory function as long as the Alias can be
+// constructed from an rvalue reference of the base Cpp type.  This means that Alias classes
+// can, when appropriate, simply define a `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor rather than needing to
+// inherit all the base class constructors.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct_alias_from_cpp(std::true_type /*is_alias_constructible*/,
+                              value_and_holder &v_h,
+                              Cpp<Class> &&base) {
+    v_h.value_ptr() = new Alias<Class>(std::move(base));
+}
+template <typename Class>
+[[noreturn]] void construct_alias_from_cpp(std::false_type /*!is_alias_constructible*/,
+                                           value_and_holder &,
+                                           Cpp<Class> &&) {
+    throw type_error("pybind11::init(): unable to convert returned instance to required "
+                     "alias class: no `Alias<Class>(Class &&)` constructor available");
+}
+
+// Error-generating fallback for factories that don't match one of the below construction
+// mechanisms.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(...) {
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<Class, Class>::value /* always false */,
+                  "pybind11::init(): init function must return a compatible pointer, "
+                  "holder, or value");
+}
+
+// Pointer return v1: the factory function returns a class pointer for a registered class.
+// If we don't need an alias (because this class doesn't have one, or because the final type is
+// inherited on the Python side) we can simply take over ownership.  Otherwise we need to try to
+// construct an Alias from the returned base instance.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Cpp<Class> *ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        // We're going to try to construct an alias by moving the cpp type.  Whether or not
+        // that succeeds, we still need to destroy the original cpp pointer (either the
+        // moved away leftover, if the alias construction works, or the value itself if we
+        // throw an error), but we can't just call `delete ptr`: it might have a special
+        // deleter, or might be shared_from_this.  So we construct a holder around it as if
+        // it was a normal instance, then steal the holder away into a local variable; thus
+        // the holder and destruction happens when we leave the C++ scope, and the holder
+        // class gets to handle the destruction however it likes.
+        v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+        v_h.set_instance_registered(true); // Trick to prevent init_instance from registering it
+        // DANGER ZONE BEGIN: exceptions will leave v_h in an invalid state.
+        v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, nullptr);                        // Set up the holder
+        Holder<Class> temp_holder(std::move(v_h.holder<Holder<Class>>())); // Steal the holder
+        v_h.type->dealloc(v_h); // Destroys the moved-out holder remains, resets value ptr to null
+        v_h.set_instance_registered(false);
+        // DANGER ZONE END.
+
+        construct_alias_from_cpp<Class>(is_alias_constructible<Class>{}, v_h, std::move(*ptr));
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise the type isn't inherited, so we don't need an Alias
+        v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Pointer return v2: a factory that always returns an alias instance ptr.  We simply take over
+// ownership of the pointer.
+template <typename Class, enable_if_t<Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Alias<Class> *alias_ptr, bool) {
+    no_nullptr(alias_ptr);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = static_cast<Cpp<Class> *>(alias_ptr);
+}
+
+// Holder return: copy its pointer, and move or copy the returned holder into the new instance's
+// holder.  This also handles types like std::shared_ptr<T> and std::unique_ptr<T> where T is a
+// derived type (through those holder's implicit conversion from derived class holder
+// constructors).
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<!is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Holder<Class> holder, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    auto *ptr = holder_helper<Holder<Class>>::get(holder);
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    // If we need an alias, check that the held pointer is actually an alias instance
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned holder-wrapped instance "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+
+    // Cast away constness to store in void* storage.
+    // The value_and_holder storage is fundamentally untyped (void**), so we lose
+    // const-correctness here by design. The const qualifier will be restored
+    // when the pointer is later retrieved and cast back to the original type.
+    // This explicit const_cast makes the const-removal clearly visible.
+    v_h.value_ptr() = const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(ptr));
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &holder);
+}
+
+// return-by-value version 1: returning a cpp class by value.  If the class has an alias and an
+// alias is required the alias must have an `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor so that we can construct
+// the alias from the base when needed (i.e. because of Python-side inheritance).  When we don't
+// need it, we simply move-construct the cpp value into a new instance.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Cpp<Class> &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    static_assert(is_move_constructible<Cpp<Class>>::value,
+                  "pybind11::init() return-by-value factory function requires a movable class");
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias) {
+        construct_alias_from_cpp<Class>(is_alias_constructible<Class>{}, v_h, std::move(result));
+    } else {
+        v_h.value_ptr() = new Cpp<Class>(std::move(result));
+    }
+}
+
+// return-by-value version 2: returning a value of the alias type itself.  We move-construct an
+// Alias instance (even if no the python-side inheritance is involved).  The is intended for
+// cases where Alias initialization is always desired.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Alias<Class> &&result, bool) {
+    static_assert(
+        is_move_constructible<Alias<Class>>::value,
+        "pybind11::init() return-by-alias-value factory function requires a movable alias class");
+    v_h.value_ptr() = new Alias<Class>(std::move(result));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+smart_holder init_smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T, D> &&unq_ptr,
+                                               bool void_cast_raw_ptr) {
+    void *void_ptr = void_cast_raw_ptr ? static_cast<void *>(unq_ptr.get()) : nullptr;
+    return smart_holder::from_unique_ptr(std::move(unq_ptr), void_ptr);
+}
+
+template <typename Class,
+          typename D = std::default_delete<Cpp<Class>>,
+          detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, std::unique_ptr<Cpp<Class>, D> &&unq_ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    auto *ptr = unq_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned std::unique_ptr pointee "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+    // Here and below: if the new object is a trampoline, the shared_from_this mechanism needs
+    // to be prevented from accessing the smart_holder vptr, because it does not keep the
+    // trampoline Python object alive. For types that don't inherit from enable_shared_from_this
+    // it does not matter if void_cast_raw_ptr is true or false, therefore it's not necessary
+    // to also inspect the type.
+    auto smhldr = init_smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(
+        std::move(unq_ptr), /*void_cast_raw_ptr*/ Class::has_alias && is_alias<Class>(ptr));
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+template <typename Class,
+          typename D = std::default_delete<Alias<Class>>,
+          detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h,
+               std::unique_ptr<Alias<Class>, D> &&unq_ptr,
+               bool /*need_alias*/) {
+    auto *ptr = unq_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    auto smhldr
+        = init_smart_holder_from_unique_ptr(std::move(unq_ptr), /*void_cast_raw_ptr*/ true);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+template <typename PtrType, typename Class>
+void construct_from_shared_ptr(value_and_holder &v_h,
+                               std::shared_ptr<PtrType> &&shd_ptr,
+                               bool need_alias) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<PtrType, Cpp<Class>>::value
+                      || std::is_same<PtrType, const Cpp<Class>>::value,
+                  "Expected (const) Cpp<Class> as shared_ptr pointee");
+    auto *ptr = shd_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned std::shared_ptr pointee "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+    // Cast to non-const if needed, consistent with internal design
+    auto smhldr
+        = smart_holder::from_shared_ptr(std::const_pointer_cast<Cpp<Class>>(std::move(shd_ptr)));
+    v_h.value_ptr() = const_cast<Cpp<Class> *>(ptr);
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, std::shared_ptr<Cpp<Class>> &&shd_ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    construct_from_shared_ptr<Cpp<Class>, Class>(v_h, std::move(shd_ptr), need_alias);
+}
+
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h,
+               std::shared_ptr<const Cpp<Class>> &&shd_ptr,
+               bool need_alias) {
+    construct_from_shared_ptr<const Cpp<Class>, Class>(v_h, std::move(shd_ptr), need_alias);
+}
+
+template <typename Class, detail::enable_if_t<is_smart_holder<Holder<Class>>::value, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h,
+               std::shared_ptr<Alias<Class>> &&shd_ptr,
+               bool /*need_alias*/) {
+    auto *ptr = shd_ptr.get();
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    auto smhldr = smart_holder::from_shared_ptr(shd_ptr);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &smhldr);
+}
+
+// Implementing class for py::init<...>()
+template <typename... Args>
+struct constructor {
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra, enable_if_t<!Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h,
+               Args... args) { // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+                v_h.value_ptr() = construct_or_initialize<Cpp<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && std::is_constructible<Cpp<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                if (Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) == v_h.type->type) {
+                    v_h.value_ptr()
+                        = construct_or_initialize<Cpp<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                } else {
+                    v_h.value_ptr()
+                        = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                }
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && !std::is_constructible<Cpp<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr()
+                    = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Implementing class for py::init_alias<...>()
+template <typename... Args>
+struct alias_constructor {
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && std::is_constructible<Alias<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr()
+                    = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Implementation class for py::init(Func) and py::init(Func, AliasFunc)
+template <typename CFunc,
+          typename AFunc = void_type (*)(),
+          typename = function_signature_t<CFunc>,
+          typename = function_signature_t<AFunc>>
+struct factory;
+
+// Specialization for py::init(Func)
+template <typename Func, typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct factory<Func, void_type (*)(), Return(Args...)> {
+    remove_reference_t<Func> class_factory;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    factory(Func &&f) : class_factory(std::forward<Func>(f)) {}
+
+    // The given class either has no alias or has no separate alias factory;
+    // this always constructs the class itself.  If the class is registered with an alias
+    // type and an alias instance is needed (i.e. because the final type is a Python class
+    // inheriting from the C++ type) the returned value needs to either already be an alias
+    // instance, or the alias needs to be constructible from a `Class &&` argument.
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [func = std::move(class_factory)]
+#else
+        auto &func = class_factory;
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                construct<Class>(
+                    v_h, func(std::forward<Args>(args)...), Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Specialization for py::init(Func, AliasFunc)
+template <typename CFunc,
+          typename AFunc,
+          typename CReturn,
+          typename... CArgs,
+          typename AReturn,
+          typename... AArgs>
+struct factory<CFunc, AFunc, CReturn(CArgs...), AReturn(AArgs...)> {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(CArgs) == sizeof...(AArgs),
+                  "pybind11::init(class_factory, alias_factory): class and alias factories "
+                  "must have identical argument signatures");
+    static_assert(all_of<std::is_same<CArgs, AArgs>...>::value,
+                  "pybind11::init(class_factory, alias_factory): class and alias factories "
+                  "must have identical argument signatures");
+
+    remove_reference_t<CFunc> class_factory;
+    remove_reference_t<AFunc> alias_factory;
+
+    factory(CFunc &&c, AFunc &&a)
+        : class_factory(std::forward<CFunc>(c)), alias_factory(std::forward<AFunc>(a)) {}
+
+    // The class factory is called when the `self` type passed to `__init__` is the direct
+    // class (i.e. not inherited), the alias factory when `self` is a Python-side subtype.
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+        static_assert(Class::has_alias,
+                      "The two-argument version of `py::init()` can "
+                      "only be used if the class has an alias");
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [class_func = std::move(class_factory), alias_func = std::move(alias_factory)]
+#else
+        auto &class_func = class_factory;
+        auto &alias_func = alias_factory;
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [class_func, alias_func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, CArgs... args) {
+                if (Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) == v_h.type->type) {
+                    // If the instance type equals the registered type we don't have inheritance,
+                    // so don't need the alias and can construct using the class function:
+                    construct<Class>(v_h, class_func(std::forward<CArgs>(args)...), false);
+                } else {
+                    construct<Class>(v_h, alias_func(std::forward<CArgs>(args)...), true);
+                }
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Set just the C++ state. Same as `__init__`.
+template <typename Class, typename T>
+void setstate(value_and_holder &v_h, T &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    construct<Class>(v_h, std::forward<T>(result), need_alias);
+}
+
+/// Set both the C++ and Python states
+template <typename Class,
+          typename T,
+          typename O,
+          enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<O, handle>::value, int> = 0>
+void setstate(value_and_holder &v_h, std::pair<T, O> &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    construct<Class>(v_h, std::move(result.first), need_alias);
+    auto d = handle(result.second);
+    if (PyDict_Check(d.ptr()) && PyDict_Size(d.ptr()) == 0) {
+        // Skipping setattr below, to not force use of py::dynamic_attr() for Class unnecessarily.
+        // See PR #2972 for details.
+        return;
+    }
+    // Our tests never run into an unset dict, but being careful here for now (see #5658)
+    auto dict = getattr((PyObject *) v_h.inst, "__dict__", none());
+    if (dict.is_none()) {
+        setattr((PyObject *) v_h.inst, "__dict__", d);
+    } else {
+        // Keep the original object dict and just update it
+        if (PyDict_Update(dict.ptr(), d.ptr()) < 0) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation for py::pickle(GetState, SetState)
+template <typename Get,
+          typename Set,
+          typename = function_signature_t<Get>,
+          typename = function_signature_t<Set>>
+struct pickle_factory;
+
+template <typename Get,
+          typename Set,
+          typename RetState,
+          typename Self,
+          typename NewInstance,
+          typename ArgState>
+struct pickle_factory<Get, Set, RetState(Self), NewInstance(ArgState)> {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<intrinsic_t<RetState>, intrinsic_t<ArgState>>::value,
+                  "The type returned by `__getstate__` must be the same "
+                  "as the argument accepted by `__setstate__`");
+
+    remove_reference_t<Get> get;
+    remove_reference_t<Set> set;
+
+    pickle_factory(Get get, Set set) : get(std::forward<Get>(get)), set(std::forward<Set>(set)) {}
+
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+        cl.def("__getstate__", std::move(get), pos_only());
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__setstate__",
+            [func = std::move(set)]
+#else
+        auto &func = set;
+        cl.def(
+            "__setstate__",
+            [func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, ArgState state) {
+                setstate<Class>(
+                    v_h, func(std::forward<ArgState>(state)), Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(initimpl)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/internals.h

@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/internals.h: Internal data structure and related functions
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h>
+#include <pybind11/gil_simple.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+#include <pybind11/trampoline_self_life_support.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "struct_smart_holder.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <exception>
+#include <limits>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+/// Tracks the `internals` and `type_info` ABI version independent of the main library version.
+///
+/// Some portions of the code use an ABI that is conditional depending on this
+/// version number.  That allows ABI-breaking changes to be "pre-implemented".
+/// Once the default version number is incremented, the conditional logic that
+/// no longer applies can be removed.  Additionally, users that need not
+/// maintain ABI compatibility can increase the version number in order to take
+/// advantage of any functionality/efficiency improvements that depend on the
+/// newer ABI.
+///
+/// WARNING: If you choose to manually increase the ABI version, note that
+/// pybind11 may not be tested as thoroughly with a non-default ABI version, and
+/// further ABI-incompatible changes may be made before the ABI is officially
+/// changed to the new version.
+#ifndef PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION
+#    define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION 11
+#endif
+
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION < 11
+#    error "PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION 11 is the minimum for all platforms for pybind11v3."
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using ExceptionTranslator = void (*)(std::exception_ptr);
+
+// The old Python Thread Local Storage (TLS) API is deprecated in Python 3.7 in favor of the new
+// Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API.
+// Avoid unnecessary allocation of `Py_tss_t`, since we cannot use
+// `Py_LIMITED_API` anyway.
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_REF Py_tss_t &
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var)                                                            \
+        _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")                                         /**/             \
+            _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-field-initializers\"") /**/             \
+            Py_tss_t var                                                                          \
+            = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;                                                                  \
+        _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var)                                                            \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")                                         /**/               \
+            _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-field-initializers\"") /**/               \
+            Py_tss_t var                                                                          \
+            = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;                                                                  \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var) Py_tss_t var = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
+#endif
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(var) (PyThread_tss_create(&(var)) == 0)
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_get(&(key))
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(key, value) PyThread_tss_set(&(key), (value))
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_DELETE_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_set(&(key), nullptr)
+#define PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(key) PyThread_tss_delete(&(key))
+
+/// A smart-pointer-like wrapper around a thread-specific value. get/set of the pointer applies to
+/// the current thread only.
+template <typename T>
+class thread_specific_storage {
+public:
+    thread_specific_storage() {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition)
+        if (!PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(key_)) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "thread_specific_storage constructor: could not initialize the TSS key!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~thread_specific_storage() {
+        // This destructor is often called *after* Py_Finalize(). That *SHOULD BE* fine on most
+        // platforms. The following details what happens when PyThread_tss_free is called in
+        // CPython. PYBIND11_TLS_FREE is PyThread_tss_free on python 3.7+. On older python, it does
+        // nothing. PyThread_tss_free calls PyThread_tss_delete and PyMem_RawFree.
+        // PyThread_tss_delete just calls TlsFree (on Windows) or pthread_key_delete (on *NIX).
+        // Neither of those have anything to do with CPython internals. PyMem_RawFree *requires*
+        // that the `key` be allocated with the CPython allocator (as it is by
+        // PyThread_tss_create).
+        // However, in GraalPy (as of v24.2 or older), TSS is implemented by Java and this call
+        // requires a living Python interpreter.
+#ifdef GRAALVM_PYTHON
+        if (!Py_IsInitialized() || _Py_IsFinalizing()) {
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(key_);
+    }
+
+    thread_specific_storage(thread_specific_storage const &) = delete;
+    thread_specific_storage(thread_specific_storage &&) = delete;
+    thread_specific_storage &operator=(thread_specific_storage const &) = delete;
+    thread_specific_storage &operator=(thread_specific_storage &&) = delete;
+
+    T *get() const { return reinterpret_cast<T *>(PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(key_)); }
+
+    T &operator*() const { return *get(); }
+    explicit operator T *() const { return get(); }
+    explicit operator bool() const { return get() != nullptr; }
+
+    void set(T *val) { PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(key_, reinterpret_cast<void *>(val)); }
+    void reset(T *p = nullptr) { set(p); }
+    thread_specific_storage &operator=(T *pval) {
+        set(pval);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+private:
+    PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(mutable key_)
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// This does NOT actually exist as a module.
+#define PYBIND11_DUMMY_MODULE_NAME "pybind11_builtins"
+
+// Forward declarations
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type();
+inline PyTypeObject *make_default_metaclass();
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass);
+inline void translate_exception(std::exception_ptr p);
+
+// Python loads modules by default with dlopen with the RTLD_LOCAL flag; under libc++ and possibly
+// other STLs, this means `typeid(A)` from one module won't equal `typeid(A)` from another module
+// even when `A` is the same, non-hidden-visibility type (e.g. from a common include).  Under
+// libstdc++, this doesn't happen: equality and the type_index hash are based on the type name,
+// which works.  If not under a known-good stl, provide our own name-based hash and equality
+// functions that use the type name.
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }
+using type_hash = std::hash<std::type_index>;
+using type_equal_to = std::equal_to<std::type_index>;
+#else
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) {
+    return lhs.name() == rhs.name() || std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+}
+
+struct type_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const std::type_index &t) const {
+        size_t hash = 5381;
+        const char *ptr = t.name();
+        while (auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*ptr++)) {
+            hash = (hash * 33) ^ c;
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+};
+
+struct type_equal_to {
+    bool operator()(const std::type_index &lhs, const std::type_index &rhs) const {
+        return lhs.name() == rhs.name() || std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <typename value_type>
+using type_map = std::unordered_map<std::type_index, value_type, type_hash, type_equal_to>;
+
+struct override_hash {
+    inline size_t operator()(const std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *> &v) const {
+        size_t value = std::hash<const void *>()(v.first);
+        value ^= std::hash<const void *>()(v.second) + 0x9e3779b9 + (value << 6) + (value >> 2);
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+using instance_map = std::unordered_multimap<const void *, instance *>;
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+// Wrapper around PyMutex to provide BasicLockable semantics
+class pymutex {
+    PyMutex mutex;
+
+public:
+    pymutex() : mutex({}) {}
+    void lock() { PyMutex_Lock(&mutex); }
+    void unlock() { PyMutex_Unlock(&mutex); }
+};
+
+// Instance map shards are used to reduce mutex contention in free-threaded Python.
+struct instance_map_shard {
+    instance_map registered_instances;
+    pymutex mutex;
+    // alignas(64) would be better, but causes compile errors in macOS before 10.14 (see #5200)
+    char padding[64 - (sizeof(instance_map) + sizeof(pymutex)) % 64];
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(instance_map_shard) % 64 == 0,
+              "instance_map_shard size is not a multiple of 64 bytes");
+
+inline uint64_t round_up_to_next_pow2(uint64_t x) {
+    // Round-up to the next power of two.
+    // See https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
+    x--;
+    x |= (x >> 1);
+    x |= (x >> 2);
+    x |= (x >> 4);
+    x |= (x >> 8);
+    x |= (x >> 16);
+    x |= (x >> 32);
+    x++;
+    return x;
+}
+#endif
+
+class loader_life_support;
+
+/// Internal data structure used to track registered instances and types.
+/// Whenever binary incompatible changes are made to this structure,
+/// `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION` must be incremented.
+struct internals {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    pymutex mutex;
+    pymutex exception_translator_mutex;
+#endif
+    // std::type_index -> pybind11's type information
+    type_map<type_info *> registered_types_cpp;
+    // PyTypeObject* -> base type_info(s)
+    std::unordered_map<PyTypeObject *, std::vector<type_info *>> registered_types_py;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::unique_ptr<instance_map_shard[]> instance_shards; // void * -> instance*
+    size_t instance_shards_mask = 0;
+#else
+    instance_map registered_instances; // void * -> instance*
+#endif
+    std::unordered_set<std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *>, override_hash>
+        inactive_override_cache;
+    type_map<std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)>> direct_conversions;
+    std::unordered_map<const PyObject *, std::vector<PyObject *>> patients;
+    std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> registered_exception_translators;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, void *> shared_data; // Custom data to be shared across
+                                                         // extensions
+    std::forward_list<std::string> static_strings;       // Stores the std::strings backing
+                                                         // detail::c_str()
+    PyTypeObject *static_property_type = nullptr;
+    PyTypeObject *default_metaclass = nullptr;
+    PyObject *instance_base = nullptr;
+    // Unused if PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT is defined:
+    thread_specific_storage<PyThreadState> tstate;
+    thread_specific_storage<loader_life_support> loader_life_support_tls;
+    // Unused if PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT is defined:
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = nullptr;
+
+    type_map<PyObject *> native_enum_type_map;
+
+    internals()
+        : static_property_type(make_static_property_type()),
+          default_metaclass(make_default_metaclass()) {
+        PyThreadState *cur_tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
+        tstate = cur_tstate;
+
+        istate = cur_tstate->interp;
+        registered_exception_translators.push_front(&translate_exception);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        // Scale proportional to the number of cores. 2x is a heuristic to reduce contention.
+        // Make sure the number isn't unreasonable by limiting it to 16 bits (65K)
+        auto num_shards = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(
+            std::min<std::size_t>(round_up_to_next_pow2(2 * std::thread::hardware_concurrency()),
+                                  std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max()));
+        if (num_shards == 0) {
+            num_shards = 1;
+        }
+        instance_shards.reset(new instance_map_shard[num_shards]);
+        instance_shards_mask = num_shards - 1;
+#endif
+    }
+    internals(const internals &other) = delete;
+    internals(internals &&other) = delete;
+    internals &operator=(const internals &other) = delete;
+    internals &operator=(internals &&other) = delete;
+    ~internals() = default;
+};
+
+// the internals struct (above) is shared between all the modules. local_internals are only
+// for a single module. Any changes made to internals may require an update to
+// PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION, breaking backwards compatibility. local_internals is, by design,
+// restricted to a single module. Whether a module has local internals or not should not
+// impact any other modules, because the only things accessing the local internals is the
+// module that contains them.
+struct local_internals {
+    type_map<type_info *> registered_types_cpp;
+    std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> registered_exception_translators;
+    PyTypeObject *function_record_py_type = nullptr;
+};
+
+enum class holder_enum_t : uint8_t {
+    undefined,
+    std_unique_ptr, // Default, lacking interop with std::shared_ptr.
+    std_shared_ptr, // Lacking interop with std::unique_ptr.
+    smart_holder,   // Full std::unique_ptr / std::shared_ptr interop.
+    custom_holder,
+};
+
+/// Additional type information which does not fit into the PyTypeObject.
+/// Changes to this struct also require bumping `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION`.
+struct type_info {
+    PyTypeObject *type;
+    const std::type_info *cpptype;
+    size_t type_size, type_align, holder_size_in_ptrs;
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t);
+    void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *);
+    void (*dealloc)(value_and_holder &v_h);
+
+    // Cross-DSO-safe function pointers, to sidestep cross-DSO RTTI issues
+    // on platforms like macOS (see PR #5728 for details):
+    memory::get_guarded_delete_fn get_memory_guarded_delete = memory::get_guarded_delete;
+    get_trampoline_self_life_support_fn get_trampoline_self_life_support = nullptr;
+
+    std::vector<PyObject *(*) (PyObject *, PyTypeObject *)> implicit_conversions;
+    std::vector<std::pair<const std::type_info *, void *(*) (void *)>> implicit_casts;
+    std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)> *direct_conversions;
+    buffer_info *(*get_buffer)(PyObject *, void *) = nullptr;
+    void *get_buffer_data = nullptr;
+    void *(*module_local_load)(PyObject *, const type_info *) = nullptr;
+    holder_enum_t holder_enum_v = holder_enum_t::undefined;
+    /* A simple type never occurs as a (direct or indirect) parent
+     * of a class that makes use of multiple inheritance.
+     * A type can be simple even if it has non-simple ancestors as long as it has no descendants.
+     */
+    bool simple_type : 1;
+    /* True if there is no multiple inheritance in this type's inheritance tree */
+    bool simple_ancestors : 1;
+    /* true if this is a type registered with py::module_local */
+    bool module_local : 1;
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID                                                                     \
+    "__pybind11_internals_v" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION)                        \
+        PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID "__"
+
+#define PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID                                                                  \
+    "__pybind11_module_local_v" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION)                     \
+        PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID "__"
+
+inline PyThreadState *get_thread_state_unchecked() {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || defined(GRAALVM_PYTHON)
+    return PyThreadState_GET();
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000
+    return _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet();
+#else
+    return PyThreadState_GetUnchecked();
+#endif
+}
+
+/// We use this counter to figure out if there are or have been multiple subinterpreters active at
+/// any point. This must never decrease while any interpreter may be running in any thread!
+inline std::atomic<int> &get_num_interpreters_seen() {
+    static std::atomic<int> counter(0);
+    return counter;
+}
+
+template <class T,
+          enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::nested_exception, remove_cvref_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
+bool handle_nested_exception(const T &exc, const std::exception_ptr &p) {
+    std::exception_ptr nested = exc.nested_ptr();
+    if (nested != nullptr && nested != p) {
+        translate_exception(nested);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template <class T,
+          enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nested_exception, remove_cvref_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
+bool handle_nested_exception(const T &exc, const std::exception_ptr &p) {
+    if (const auto *nep = dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception *>(std::addressof(exc))) {
+        return handle_nested_exception(*nep, p);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline bool raise_err(PyObject *exc_type, const char *msg) {
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        raise_from(exc_type, msg);
+        return true;
+    }
+    set_error(exc_type, msg);
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void translate_exception(std::exception_ptr p) {
+    if (!p) {
+        return;
+    }
+    try {
+        std::rethrow_exception(p);
+    } catch (error_already_set &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        e.restore();
+        return;
+    } catch (const builtin_exception &e) {
+        // Could not use template since it's an abstract class.
+        if (const auto *nep = dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception *>(std::addressof(e))) {
+            handle_nested_exception(*nep, p);
+        }
+        e.set_error();
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_MemoryError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::domain_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::invalid_argument &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::length_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::out_of_range &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_IndexError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::range_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::overflow_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_OverflowError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::nested_exception &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Caught an unknown nested exception!");
+        return;
+    } catch (...) {
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Caught an unknown exception!");
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+inline void translate_local_exception(std::exception_ptr p) {
+    try {
+        if (p) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(p);
+        }
+    } catch (error_already_set &e) {
+        e.restore();
+        return;
+    } catch (const builtin_exception &e) {
+        e.set_error();
+        return;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline object get_python_state_dict() {
+    object state_dict;
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || defined(GRAALVM_PYTHON)
+    state_dict = reinterpret_borrow<object>(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+#else
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03090000
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = _PyInterpreterState_Get();
+#    else
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = PyInterpreterState_Get();
+#    endif
+    if (istate) {
+        state_dict = reinterpret_borrow<object>(PyInterpreterState_GetDict(istate));
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!state_dict) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError, "pybind11::detail::get_python_state_dict() FAILED");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return state_dict;
+}
+
+template <typename InternalsType>
+class internals_pp_manager {
+public:
+    using on_fetch_function = void(InternalsType *);
+    internals_pp_manager(char const *id, on_fetch_function *on_fetch)
+        : holder_id_(id), on_fetch_(on_fetch) {}
+
+    /// Get the current pointer-to-pointer, allocating it if it does not already exist.  May
+    /// acquire the GIL. Will never return nullptr.
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *get_pp() {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+        if (get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+            // Whenever the interpreter changes on the current thread we need to invalidate the
+            // internals_pp so that it can be pulled from the interpreter's state dict.  That is
+            // slow, so we use the current PyThreadState to check if it is necessary.
+            auto *tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+            if (!tstate || tstate->interp != last_istate_.get()) {
+                gil_scoped_acquire_simple gil;
+                if (!tstate) {
+                    tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+                }
+                last_istate_ = tstate->interp;
+                internals_tls_p_ = get_or_create_pp_in_state_dict();
+            }
+            return internals_tls_p_.get();
+        }
+#endif
+        if (!internals_singleton_pp_) {
+            gil_scoped_acquire_simple gil;
+            internals_singleton_pp_ = get_or_create_pp_in_state_dict();
+        }
+        return internals_singleton_pp_;
+    }
+
+    /// Drop all the references we're currently holding.
+    void unref() {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+        if (get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+            last_istate_.reset();
+            internals_tls_p_.reset();
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        internals_singleton_pp_ = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+        if (get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+            auto *tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+            // this could be called without an active interpreter, just use what was cached
+            if (!tstate || tstate->interp == last_istate_.get()) {
+                auto tpp = internals_tls_p_.get();
+                if (tpp) {
+                    delete tpp;
+                }
+            }
+            unref();
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        delete internals_singleton_pp_;
+        unref();
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *get_or_create_pp_in_state_dict() {
+        error_scope err_scope;
+        dict state_dict = get_python_state_dict();
+        auto internals_obj
+            = reinterpret_steal<object>(dict_getitemstringref(state_dict.ptr(), holder_id_));
+        std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *pp = nullptr;
+        if (internals_obj) {
+            void *raw_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(internals_obj.ptr(), /*name=*/nullptr);
+            if (!raw_ptr) {
+                raise_from(PyExc_SystemError,
+                           "pybind11::detail::internals_pp_manager::get_pp_from_dict() FAILED");
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+            pp = reinterpret_cast<std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *>(raw_ptr);
+            if (on_fetch_ && pp) {
+                on_fetch_(pp->get());
+            }
+        } else {
+            pp = new std::unique_ptr<InternalsType>;
+            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
+            state_dict[holder_id_] = capsule(reinterpret_cast<void *>(pp));
+        }
+        return pp;
+    }
+
+    char const *holder_id_ = nullptr;
+    on_fetch_function *on_fetch_ = nullptr;
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+    thread_specific_storage<PyInterpreterState> last_istate_;
+    thread_specific_storage<std::unique_ptr<InternalsType>> internals_tls_p_;
+#endif
+    std::unique_ptr<InternalsType> *internals_singleton_pp_;
+};
+
+// If We loaded the internals through `state_dict`, our `error_already_set`
+// and `builtin_exception` may be different local classes than the ones set up in the
+// initial exception translator, below, so add another for our local exception classes.
+//
+// libstdc++ doesn't require this (types there are identified only by name)
+// libc++ with CPython doesn't require this (types are explicitly exported)
+// libc++ with PyPy still need it, awaiting further investigation
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+inline void check_internals_local_exception_translator(internals *internals_ptr) {
+    if (internals_ptr) {
+        for (auto et : internals_ptr->registered_exception_translators) {
+            if (et == &translate_local_exception) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        internals_ptr->registered_exception_translators.push_front(&translate_local_exception);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline internals_pp_manager<internals> &get_internals_pp_manager() {
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+#    define ON_FETCH_FN nullptr
+#else
+#    define ON_FETCH_FN &check_internals_local_exception_translator
+#endif
+    static internals_pp_manager<internals> internals_pp_manager(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID,
+                                                                ON_FETCH_FN);
+#undef ON_FETCH_FN
+    return internals_pp_manager;
+}
+
+/// Return a reference to the current `internals` data
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE internals &get_internals() {
+    auto &ppmgr = get_internals_pp_manager();
+    auto &internals_ptr = *ppmgr.get_pp();
+    if (!internals_ptr) {
+        // Slow path, something needs fetched from the state dict or created
+        gil_scoped_acquire_simple gil;
+        error_scope err_scope;
+        internals_ptr.reset(new internals());
+
+        if (!internals_ptr->instance_base) {
+            // This calls get_internals, so cannot be called from within the internals constructor
+            // called above because internals_ptr must be set before get_internals is called again
+            internals_ptr->instance_base = make_object_base_type(internals_ptr->default_metaclass);
+        }
+    }
+    return *internals_ptr;
+}
+
+inline internals_pp_manager<local_internals> &get_local_internals_pp_manager() {
+    // Use the address of this static itself as part of the key, so that the value is uniquely tied
+    // to where the module is loaded in memory
+    static const std::string this_module_idstr
+        = PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID
+          + std::to_string(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&this_module_idstr));
+    static internals_pp_manager<local_internals> local_internals_pp_manager(
+        this_module_idstr.c_str(), nullptr);
+    return local_internals_pp_manager;
+}
+
+/// Works like `get_internals`, but for things which are locally registered.
+inline local_internals &get_local_internals() {
+    auto &ppmgr = get_local_internals_pp_manager();
+    auto &internals_ptr = *ppmgr.get_pp();
+    if (!internals_ptr) {
+        internals_ptr.reset(new local_internals());
+    }
+    return *internals_ptr;
+}
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#    define PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals) std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock((internals).mutex)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals)
+#endif
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_internals(const F &cb) -> decltype(cb(get_internals())) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals);
+    return cb(internals);
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_exception_translators(const F &cb)
+    -> decltype(cb(get_internals().registered_exception_translators,
+                   get_local_internals().registered_exception_translators)) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock((internals).exception_translator_mutex);
+#endif
+    auto &local_internals = get_local_internals();
+    return cb(internals.registered_exception_translators,
+              local_internals.registered_exception_translators);
+}
+
+inline std::uint64_t mix64(std::uint64_t z) {
+    // David Stafford's variant 13 of the MurmurHash3 finalizer popularized
+    // by the SplitMix PRNG.
+    // https://zimbry.blogspot.com/2011/09/better-bit-mixing-improving-on.html
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
+    return z ^ (z >> 31);
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_instance_map(const void *ptr, const F &cb)
+    -> decltype(cb(std::declval<instance_map &>())) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // Hash address to compute shard, but ignore low bits. We'd like allocations
+    // from the same thread/core to map to the same shard and allocations from
+    // other threads/cores to map to other shards. Using the high bits is a good
+    // heuristic because memory allocators often have a per-thread
+    // arena/superblock/segment from which smaller allocations are served.
+    auto addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(ptr);
+    auto hash = mix64(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(addr >> 20));
+    auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(hash & internals.instance_shards_mask);
+
+    auto &shard = internals.instance_shards[idx];
+    std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock(shard.mutex);
+    return cb(shard.registered_instances);
+#else
+    (void) ptr;
+    return cb(internals.registered_instances);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns the number of registered instances for testing purposes.  The result may not be
+// consistent if other threads are registering or unregistering instances concurrently.
+inline size_t num_registered_instances() {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= internals.instance_shards_mask; ++i) {
+        auto &shard = internals.instance_shards[i];
+        std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock(shard.mutex);
+        count += shard.registered_instances.size();
+    }
+    return count;
+#else
+    return internals.registered_instances.size();
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Constructs a std::string with the given arguments, stores it in `internals`, and returns its
+/// `c_str()`.  Such strings objects have a long storage duration -- the internal strings are only
+/// cleared when the program exits or after interpreter shutdown (when embedding), and so are
+/// suitable for c-style strings needed by Python internals (such as PyTypeObject's tp_name).
+template <typename... Args>
+const char *c_str(Args &&...args) {
+    // GCC 4.8 doesn't like parameter unpack within lambda capture, so use
+    // PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS.
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals);
+    auto &strings = internals.static_strings;
+    strings.emplace_front(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return strings.front().c_str();
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Returns a named pointer that is shared among all extension modules (using the same
+/// pybind11 version) running in the current interpreter. Names starting with underscores
+/// are reserved for internal usage. Returns `nullptr` if no matching entry was found.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *get_shared_data(const std::string &name) {
+    return detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+        return it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Set the shared data that can be later recovered by `get_shared_data()`.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *set_shared_data(const std::string &name, void *data) {
+    return detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        internals.shared_data[name] = data;
+        return data;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Returns a typed reference to a shared data entry (by using `get_shared_data()`) if
+/// such entry exists. Otherwise, a new object of default-constructible type `T` is
+/// added to the shared data under the given name and a reference to it is returned.
+template <typename T>
+T &get_or_create_shared_data(const std::string &name) {
+    return *detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+        T *ptr = (T *) (it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr);
+        if (!ptr) {
+            ptr = new T();
+            internals.shared_data[name] = ptr;
+        }
+        return ptr;
+    });
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/native_enum_data.h

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022-2025 The pybind Community.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../pytypes.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeindex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// This is a separate function only to enable easy unit testing.
+inline std::string
+native_enum_missing_finalize_error_message(const std::string &enum_name_encoded) {
+    return "pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded + "\", ...): MISSING .finalize()";
+}
+
+class native_enum_data {
+public:
+    native_enum_data(const object &parent_scope,
+                     const char *enum_name,
+                     const char *native_type_name,
+                     const char *class_doc,
+                     const std::type_index &enum_type_index)
+        : enum_name_encoded{enum_name}, native_type_name_encoded{native_type_name},
+          enum_type_index{enum_type_index}, parent_scope(parent_scope), enum_name{enum_name},
+          native_type_name{native_type_name}, class_doc(class_doc), export_values_flag{false},
+          finalize_needed{false} {}
+
+    void finalize();
+
+    native_enum_data(const native_enum_data &) = delete;
+    native_enum_data &operator=(const native_enum_data &) = delete;
+
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+    // This dtor cannot easily be unit tested because it terminates the process.
+    ~native_enum_data() {
+        if (finalize_needed) {
+            pybind11_fail(native_enum_missing_finalize_error_message(enum_name_encoded));
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+protected:
+    void disarm_finalize_check(const char *error_context) {
+        if (!finalize_needed) {
+            pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                          + "\"): " + error_context);
+        }
+        finalize_needed = false;
+    }
+
+    void arm_finalize_check() {
+        assert(!finalize_needed); // Catch redundant calls.
+        finalize_needed = true;
+    }
+
+    std::string enum_name_encoded;
+    std::string native_type_name_encoded;
+    std::type_index enum_type_index;
+
+private:
+    object parent_scope;
+    str enum_name;
+    str native_type_name;
+    std::string class_doc;
+
+protected:
+    list members;
+    list member_docs;
+    bool export_values_flag : 1; // Attention: It is best to keep the bools together.
+
+private:
+    bool finalize_needed : 1;
+};
+
+inline void global_internals_native_enum_type_map_set_item(const std::type_index &enum_type_index,
+                                                           PyObject *py_enum) {
+    with_internals(
+        [&](internals &internals) { internals.native_enum_type_map[enum_type_index] = py_enum; });
+}
+
+inline handle
+global_internals_native_enum_type_map_get_item(const std::type_index &enum_type_index) {
+    return with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        auto found = internals.native_enum_type_map.find(enum_type_index);
+        if (found != internals.native_enum_type_map.end()) {
+            return handle(found->second);
+        }
+        return handle();
+    });
+}
+
+inline bool
+global_internals_native_enum_type_map_contains(const std::type_index &enum_type_index) {
+    return with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        return internals.native_enum_type_map.count(enum_type_index) != 0;
+    });
+}
+
+inline object import_or_getattr(const std::string &fully_qualified_name,
+                                const std::string &append_to_exception_message) {
+    std::istringstream stream(fully_qualified_name);
+    std::string part;
+
+    if (!std::getline(stream, part, '.') || part.empty()) {
+        std::string msg = "Invalid fully-qualified name `";
+        msg += fully_qualified_name;
+        msg += "`";
+        msg += append_to_exception_message;
+        throw value_error(msg);
+    }
+
+    auto curr_scope = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyImport_ImportModule(part.c_str()));
+    if (!curr_scope) {
+        std::string msg = "Failed to import top-level module `";
+        msg += part;
+        msg += "`";
+        msg += append_to_exception_message;
+        raise_from(PyExc_ImportError, msg.c_str());
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+
+    // Now recursively getattr or import remaining parts
+    std::string curr_path = part;
+    while (std::getline(stream, part, '.')) {
+        if (part.empty()) {
+            std::string msg = "Invalid fully-qualified name `";
+            msg += fully_qualified_name;
+            msg += "`";
+            msg += append_to_exception_message;
+            throw value_error(msg);
+        }
+        std::string next_path = curr_path;
+        next_path += ".";
+        next_path += part;
+        auto next_scope
+            = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyObject_GetAttrString(curr_scope.ptr(), part.c_str()));
+        if (!next_scope) {
+            error_fetch_and_normalize stored_getattr_error("getattr");
+            // Try importing the next level
+            next_scope = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyImport_ImportModule(next_path.c_str()));
+            if (!next_scope) {
+                error_fetch_and_normalize stored_import_error("import");
+                std::string msg = "Failed to import or getattr `";
+                msg += part;
+                msg += "` from `";
+                msg += curr_path;
+                msg += "`";
+                msg += append_to_exception_message;
+                msg += "\n-------- getattr exception --------\n";
+                msg += stored_getattr_error.error_string();
+                msg += "\n-------- import exception --------\n";
+                msg += stored_import_error.error_string();
+                throw import_error(msg.c_str());
+            }
+        }
+        curr_scope = next_scope;
+        curr_path = next_path;
+    }
+    return curr_scope;
+}
+
+inline void native_enum_data::finalize() {
+    disarm_finalize_check("DOUBLE finalize");
+    if (hasattr(parent_scope, enum_name)) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                      + "\"): an object with that name is already defined");
+    }
+    auto py_enum_type = import_or_getattr(native_type_name, " (native_type_name)");
+    auto py_enum = py_enum_type(enum_name, members);
+    object module_name = get_module_name_if_available(parent_scope);
+    if (module_name) {
+        py_enum.attr("__module__") = module_name;
+    }
+    if (hasattr(parent_scope, "__qualname__")) {
+        const auto parent_qualname = parent_scope.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
+        py_enum.attr("__qualname__") = str(parent_qualname + "." + enum_name.cast<std::string>());
+    }
+    parent_scope.attr(enum_name) = py_enum;
+    if (export_values_flag) {
+        for (auto member : members) {
+            auto member_name = member[int_(0)];
+            if (hasattr(parent_scope, member_name)) {
+                pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded + "\").value(\""
+                              + member_name.cast<std::string>()
+                              + "\"): an object with that name is already defined");
+            }
+            parent_scope.attr(member_name) = py_enum[member_name];
+        }
+    }
+    if (!class_doc.empty()) {
+        py_enum.attr("__doc__") = class_doc.c_str();
+    }
+    for (auto doc : member_docs) {
+        py_enum[doc[int_(0)]].attr("__doc__") = doc[int_(1)];
+    }
+    global_internals_native_enum_type_map_set_item(enum_type_index, py_enum.release().ptr());
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/pybind11_namespace_macros.h

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// PLEASE DO NOT ADD ANY INCLUDES HERE
+
+// Define some generic pybind11 helper macros for warning management.
+//
+// Note that compiler-specific push/pop pairs are baked into the
+// PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN/PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END pair of macros. Therefore manual
+// PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH/PYBIND11_WARNING_POP are usually only needed in `#include` sections.
+//
+// If you find you need to suppress a warning, please try to make the suppression as local as
+// possible using these macros. Please also be sure to push/pop with the pybind11 macros. Please
+// only use compiler specifics if you need to check specific versions, e.g. Apple Clang vs. vanilla
+// Clang.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_MSVC
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) __pragma(__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(push))
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(pop))
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_INTEL
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning pop)
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic pop)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_GCC
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_MSVC
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(disable : name))
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic ignored name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_GCC
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_INTEL
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_INTEL(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning disable name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_INTEL(name)
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(name)                                                            \
+    namespace name {                                                                              \
+    PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+
+#define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(name)                                                              \
+    PYBIND11_WARNING_POP                                                                          \
+    }
+
+// Robust support for some features and loading modules compiled against different pybind versions
+// requires forcing hidden visibility on pybind code, so we enforce this by setting the attribute
+// on the main `pybind11` namespace.
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+#    if defined(__GNUG__) && !defined(_WIN32)
+#        define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE pybind11 __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE pybind11
+#    endif
+#endif

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/struct_smart_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020-2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/* Proof-of-Concept for smart pointer interoperability.
+
+High-level aspects:
+
+* Support all `unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr` interops that are feasible.
+
+* Cleanly and clearly report all interops that are infeasible.
+
+* Meant to fit into a `PyObject`, as a holder for C++ objects.
+
+* Support a system design that makes it impossible to trigger
+  C++ Undefined Behavior, especially from Python.
+
+* Support a system design with clean runtime inheritance casting. From this
+  it follows that the `smart_holder` needs to be type-erased (`void*`).
+
+* Handling of RTTI for the type-erased held pointer is NOT implemented here.
+  It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that `static_cast<T *>`
+  is well-formed when calling `as_*` member functions. Inheritance casting
+  needs to be handled in a different layer (similar to the code organization
+  in boost/python/object/inheritance.hpp).
+
+Details:
+
+* The "root holder" chosen here is a `shared_ptr<void>` (named `vptr` in this
+  implementation). This choice is practically inevitable because `shared_ptr`
+  has only very limited support for inspecting and accessing its deleter.
+
+* If created from a raw pointer, or a `unique_ptr` without a custom deleter,
+  `vptr` always uses a custom deleter, to support `unique_ptr`-like disowning.
+  The custom deleters could be extended to included life-time management for
+  external objects (e.g. `PyObject`).
+
+* If created from an external `shared_ptr`, or a `unique_ptr` with a custom
+  deleter, including life-time management for external objects is infeasible.
+
+* By choice, the smart_holder is movable but not copyable, to keep the design
+  simple, and to guard against accidental copying overhead.
+
+* The `void_cast_raw_ptr` option is needed to make the `smart_holder` `vptr`
+  member invisible to the `shared_from_this` mechanism, in case the lifetime
+  of a `PyObject` is tied to the pointee.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11_namespace_macros.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(memory)
+
+// Default fallback.
+static constexpr bool type_has_shared_from_this(...) { return false; }
+
+// This overload uses SFINAE to skip enable_shared_from_this checks when the
+// base is inaccessible (e.g. private inheritance).
+template <typename T>
+static auto type_has_shared_from_this(const T *ptr)
+    -> decltype(static_cast<const std::enable_shared_from_this<T> *>(ptr), true) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Inaccessible base → substitution failure → fallback overload selected
+template <typename T>
+static constexpr bool type_has_shared_from_this(const void *) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+struct guarded_delete {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    std::weak_ptr<void> released_ptr;    // Trick to keep the smart_holder memory footprint small.
+    std::function<void(void *)> del_fun; // Rare case.
+    void (*del_ptr)(void *);             // Common case.
+    bool use_del_fun;
+    bool armed_flag;
+    guarded_delete(std::function<void(void *)> &&del_fun, bool armed_flag)
+        : del_fun{std::move(del_fun)}, del_ptr{nullptr}, use_del_fun{true},
+          armed_flag{armed_flag} {}
+    guarded_delete(void (*del_ptr)(void *), bool armed_flag)
+        : del_ptr{del_ptr}, use_del_fun{false}, armed_flag{armed_flag} {}
+    void operator()(void *raw_ptr) const {
+        if (armed_flag) {
+            if (use_del_fun) {
+                del_fun(raw_ptr);
+            } else {
+                del_ptr(raw_ptr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline guarded_delete *get_guarded_delete(const std::shared_ptr<void> &ptr) {
+    return std::get_deleter<guarded_delete>(ptr);
+}
+
+using get_guarded_delete_fn = guarded_delete *(*) (const std::shared_ptr<void> &);
+
+template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_destructible<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+inline void std_default_delete_if_destructible(void *raw_ptr) {
+    std::default_delete<T>{}(static_cast<T *>(raw_ptr));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_destructible<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+inline void std_default_delete_if_destructible(void *) {
+    // This noop operator is needed to avoid a compilation error (for `delete raw_ptr;`), but
+    // throwing an exception from a destructor will std::terminate the process. Therefore the
+    // runtime check for lifetime-management correctness is implemented elsewhere (in
+    // ensure_pointee_is_destructible()).
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+guarded_delete make_guarded_std_default_delete(bool armed_flag) {
+    return guarded_delete(std_default_delete_if_destructible<T>, armed_flag);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+struct custom_deleter {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    D deleter;
+    explicit custom_deleter(D &&deleter) : deleter{std::forward<D>(deleter)} {}
+    void operator()(void *raw_ptr) { deleter(static_cast<T *>(raw_ptr)); }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+guarded_delete make_guarded_custom_deleter(D &&uqp_del, bool armed_flag) {
+    return guarded_delete(
+        std::function<void(void *)>(custom_deleter<T, D>(std::forward<D>(uqp_del))), armed_flag);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename D>
+constexpr bool uqp_del_is_std_default_delete() {
+    return std::is_same<D, std::default_delete<T>>::value
+           || std::is_same<D, std::default_delete<T const>>::value;
+}
+
+inline bool type_info_equal_across_dso_boundaries(const std::type_info &a,
+                                                  const std::type_info &b) {
+    // RTTI pointer comparison may fail across DSOs (e.g., macOS libc++).
+    // Fallback to name comparison, which is generally safe and ABI-stable enough for our use.
+    return a == b || std::strcmp(a.name(), b.name()) == 0;
+}
+
+struct smart_holder {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    const std::type_info *rtti_uqp_del = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<void> vptr;
+    bool vptr_is_using_noop_deleter : 1;
+    bool vptr_is_using_std_default_delete : 1;
+    bool vptr_is_external_shared_ptr : 1;
+    bool is_populated : 1;
+    bool is_disowned : 1;
+
+    // Design choice: smart_holder is movable but not copyable.
+    smart_holder(smart_holder &&) = default;
+    smart_holder(const smart_holder &) = delete;
+    smart_holder &operator=(smart_holder &&) = delete;
+    smart_holder &operator=(const smart_holder &) = delete;
+
+    smart_holder()
+        : vptr_is_using_noop_deleter{false}, vptr_is_using_std_default_delete{false},
+          vptr_is_external_shared_ptr{false}, is_populated{false}, is_disowned{false} {}
+
+    bool has_pointee() const { return vptr != nullptr; }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static void ensure_pointee_is_destructible(const char *context) {
+        if (!std::is_destructible<T>::value) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Pointee is not destructible (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_is_populated(const char *context) const {
+        if (!is_populated) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unpopulated holder (") + context + ").");
+        }
+    }
+    void ensure_is_not_disowned(const char *context) const {
+        if (is_disowned) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Holder was disowned already (") + context
+                                     + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_vptr_is_using_std_default_delete(const char *context) const {
+        if (vptr_is_external_shared_ptr) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown external shared_ptr (")
+                                        + context + ").");
+        }
+        if (vptr_is_using_noop_deleter) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown non-owning holder (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+        if (!vptr_is_using_std_default_delete) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown custom deleter (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename D>
+    void ensure_compatible_uqp_del(const char *context) const {
+        if (!rtti_uqp_del) {
+            if (!uqp_del_is_std_default_delete<T, D>()) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Missing unique_ptr deleter (") + context
+                                            + ").");
+            }
+            ensure_vptr_is_using_std_default_delete(context);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (uqp_del_is_std_default_delete<T, D>() && vptr_is_using_std_default_delete) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!type_info_equal_across_dso_boundaries(typeid(D), *rtti_uqp_del)) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Incompatible unique_ptr deleter (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_has_pointee(const char *context) const {
+        if (!has_pointee()) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Disowned holder (") + context + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ensure_use_count_1(const char *context) const {
+        if (vptr == nullptr) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown nullptr (") + context + ").");
+        }
+        // In multithreaded environments accessing use_count can lead to
+        // race conditions, but in the context of Python it is a bug (elsewhere)
+        // if the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is not being held when this code
+        // is reached.
+        // PYBIND11:REMINDER: This may need to be protected by a mutex in free-threaded Python.
+        if (vptr.use_count() != 1) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Cannot disown use_count != 1 (") + context
+                                        + ").");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn, bool armed_flag) const {
+        auto *gd = ggd_fn(vptr);
+        if (gd == nullptr) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(
+                "smart_holder::reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag() called in an invalid context.");
+        }
+        gd->armed_flag = armed_flag;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for precondition: ensure_compatible_uqp_del<T, D>() must succeed.
+    template <typename T, typename D>
+    std::unique_ptr<D> extract_deleter(const char *context,
+                                       const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) const {
+        auto *gd = ggd_fn(vptr);
+        if (gd && gd->use_del_fun) {
+            const auto &custom_deleter_ptr = gd->del_fun.template target<custom_deleter<T, D>>();
+            if (custom_deleter_ptr == nullptr) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    std::string("smart_holder::extract_deleter() precondition failure (") + context
+                    + ").");
+            }
+            static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<D>::value,
+                          "Required for compatibility with smart_holder functionality.");
+            return std::unique_ptr<D>(new D(custom_deleter_ptr->deleter));
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static smart_holder from_raw_ptr_unowned(void *raw_ptr) {
+        smart_holder hld;
+        hld.vptr.reset(raw_ptr, [](void *) {});
+        hld.vptr_is_using_noop_deleter = true;
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T *as_raw_ptr_unowned() const {
+        return static_cast<T *>(vptr.get());
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static smart_holder from_raw_ptr_take_ownership(T *raw_ptr, bool void_cast_raw_ptr = false) {
+        ensure_pointee_is_destructible<T>("from_raw_ptr_take_ownership");
+        smart_holder hld;
+        auto gd = make_guarded_std_default_delete<T>(true);
+        if (void_cast_raw_ptr) {
+            hld.vptr.reset(static_cast<void *>(raw_ptr), std::move(gd));
+        } else {
+            hld.vptr.reset(raw_ptr, std::move(gd));
+        }
+        hld.vptr_is_using_std_default_delete = true;
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void disown(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) {
+        reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(ggd_fn, false);
+        is_disowned = true;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void reclaim_disowned(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) {
+        reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(ggd_fn, true);
+        is_disowned = false;
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void release_disowned() { vptr.reset(); }
+
+    void ensure_can_release_ownership(const char *context = "ensure_can_release_ownership") const {
+        ensure_is_not_disowned(context);
+        ensure_vptr_is_using_std_default_delete(context);
+        ensure_use_count_1(context);
+    }
+
+    // Caller is responsible for ensuring the complex preconditions
+    // (see `smart_holder_type_caster_support::load_helper`).
+    void release_ownership(const get_guarded_delete_fn ggd_fn) {
+        reset_vptr_deleter_armed_flag(ggd_fn, false);
+        release_disowned();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename D>
+    static smart_holder from_unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T, D> &&unq_ptr,
+                                        void *void_ptr = nullptr) {
+        smart_holder hld;
+        hld.rtti_uqp_del = &typeid(D);
+        hld.vptr_is_using_std_default_delete = uqp_del_is_std_default_delete<T, D>();
+        guarded_delete gd{nullptr, false};
+        if (hld.vptr_is_using_std_default_delete) {
+            gd = make_guarded_std_default_delete<T>(true);
+        } else {
+            gd = make_guarded_custom_deleter<T, D>(std::move(unq_ptr.get_deleter()), true);
+        }
+        if (void_ptr != nullptr) {
+            hld.vptr.reset(void_ptr, std::move(gd));
+        } else {
+            hld.vptr.reset(unq_ptr.get(), std::move(gd));
+        }
+        (void) unq_ptr.release();
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static smart_holder from_shared_ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T> &shd_ptr) {
+        smart_holder hld;
+        hld.vptr = std::static_pointer_cast<void>(shd_ptr);
+        hld.vptr_is_external_shared_ptr = true;
+        hld.is_populated = true;
+        return hld;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    std::shared_ptr<T> as_shared_ptr() const {
+        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(vptr);
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(memory)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/typeid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/typeid.h: Compiler-independent access to type identifiers
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+#    include <cxxabi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Erase all occurrences of a substring
+inline void erase_all(std::string &string, const std::string &search) {
+    for (size_t pos = 0;;) {
+        pos = string.find(search, pos);
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+            break;
+        }
+        string.erase(pos, search.length());
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void clean_type_id(std::string &name) {
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+    int status = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void *)> res{
+        abi::__cxa_demangle(name.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &status), std::free};
+    if (status == 0) {
+        name = res.get();
+    }
+#else
+    detail::erase_all(name, "class ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "struct ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "enum ");
+#endif
+    detail::erase_all(name, "pybind11::");
+}
+
+inline std::string clean_type_id(const char *typeid_name) {
+    std::string name(typeid_name);
+    detail::clean_type_id(name);
+    return name;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Return a string representation of a C++ type
+template <typename T>
+static std::string type_id() {
+    return detail::clean_type_id(typeid(T).name());
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/using_smart_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "struct_smart_holder.h"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using pybind11::memory::smart_holder;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename H>
+using is_smart_holder = std::is_same<H, smart_holder>;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/value_and_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+struct value_and_holder {
+    instance *inst = nullptr;
+    size_t index = 0u;
+    const detail::type_info *type = nullptr;
+    void **vh = nullptr;
+
+    // Main constructor for a found value/holder:
+    value_and_holder(instance *i, const detail::type_info *type, size_t vpos, size_t index)
+        : inst{i}, index{index}, type{type},
+          vh{inst->simple_layout ? inst->simple_value_holder
+                                 : &inst->nonsimple.values_and_holders[vpos]} {}
+
+    // Default constructor (used to signal a value-and-holder not found by get_value_and_holder())
+    value_and_holder() = default;
+
+    // Used for past-the-end iterator
+    explicit value_and_holder(size_t index) : index{index} {}
+
+    template <typename V = void>
+    V *&value_ptr() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<V *&>(vh[0]);
+    }
+    // True if this `value_and_holder` has a non-null value pointer
+    explicit operator bool() const { return value_ptr() != nullptr; }
+
+    template <typename H>
+    H &holder() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<H &>(vh[1]);
+    }
+    bool holder_constructed() const {
+        return inst->simple_layout
+                   ? inst->simple_holder_constructed
+                   : (inst->nonsimple.status[index] & instance::status_holder_constructed) != 0u;
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void set_holder_constructed(bool v = true) {
+        if (inst->simple_layout) {
+            inst->simple_holder_constructed = v;
+        } else if (v) {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] |= instance::status_holder_constructed;
+        } else {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] &= (std::uint8_t) ~instance::status_holder_constructed;
+        }
+    }
+    bool instance_registered() const {
+        return inst->simple_layout
+                   ? inst->simple_instance_registered
+                   : ((inst->nonsimple.status[index] & instance::status_instance_registered) != 0);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void set_instance_registered(bool v = true) {
+        if (inst->simple_layout) {
+            inst->simple_instance_registered = v;
+        } else if (v) {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] |= instance::status_instance_registered;
+        } else {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] &= (std::uint8_t) ~instance::status_instance_registered;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// This is a semi-public API to check if the corresponding instance has been constructed with a
+// holder. That is, if the instance has been constructed with a holder, the `__init__` method is
+// called and the C++ object is valid. Otherwise, the C++ object might only be allocated, but not
+// initialized. This will lead to **SEGMENTATION FAULTS** if the C++ object is used in any way.
+// Example usage: https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/advanced/classes.html#custom-type-setup
+//                for `tp_traverse` and `tp_clear` implementations.
+// WARNING: The caller is responsible for ensuring that the `reinterpret_cast` is valid.
+inline bool is_holder_constructed(PyObject *obj) {
+    auto *const instance = reinterpret_cast<pybind11::detail::instance *>(obj);
+    return instance->get_value_and_holder().holder_constructed();
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "eigen/matrix.h"

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Common message for `static_assert()`s, which are useful to easily
+// preempt much less obvious errors.
+#define PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED                                    \
+    "Pointer types (in particular `PyObject *`) are not supported as scalar types for Eigen "     \
+    "types."

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/matrix.h

@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen/matrix.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+/* HINT: To suppress warnings originating from the Eigen headers, use -isystem.
+   See also:
+       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2579576/i-dir-vs-isystem-dir
+       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1741816/isystem-for-ms-visual-studio-c-compiler
+*/
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(5054) // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3741
+//       C5054: operator '&': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+#endif
+
+#include <Eigen/Core>
+#include <Eigen/SparseCore>
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+// Eigen prior to 3.2.7 doesn't have proper move constructors--but worse, some classes get implicit
+// move constructors that break things.  We could detect this an explicitly copy, but an extra copy
+// of matrices seems highly undesirable.
+static_assert(EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 2, 7),
+              "Eigen matrix support in pybind11 requires Eigen >= 3.2.7");
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+// Provide a convenience alias for easier pass-by-ref usage with fully dynamic strides:
+using EigenDStride = Eigen::Stride<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic>;
+template <typename MatrixType>
+using EigenDRef = Eigen::Ref<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+template <typename MatrixType>
+using EigenDMap = Eigen::Map<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 3, 0)
+using EigenIndex = Eigen::Index;
+template <typename Scalar, int Flags, typename StorageIndex>
+using EigenMapSparseMatrix = Eigen::Map<Eigen::SparseMatrix<Scalar, Flags, StorageIndex>>;
+#else
+using EigenIndex = EIGEN_DEFAULT_DENSE_INDEX_TYPE;
+template <typename Scalar, int Flags, typename StorageIndex>
+using EigenMapSparseMatrix = Eigen::MappedSparseMatrix<Scalar, Flags, StorageIndex>;
+#endif
+
+// Matches Eigen::Map, Eigen::Ref, blocks, etc:
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_dense_map = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::DenseBase, T>,
+                                  std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::ReadOnlyAccessors>, T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_mutable_map = std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::WriteAccessors>, T>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_dense_plain
+    = all_of<negation<is_eigen_dense_map<T>>, is_template_base_of<Eigen::PlainObjectBase, T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_sparse = is_template_base_of<Eigen::SparseMatrixBase, T>;
+// Test for objects inheriting from EigenBase<Derived> that aren't captured by the above.  This
+// basically covers anything that can be assigned to a dense matrix but that don't have a typical
+// matrix data layout that can be copied from their .data().  For example, DiagonalMatrix and
+// SelfAdjointView fall into this category.
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_other
+    = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::EigenBase, T>,
+             negation<any_of<is_eigen_dense_map<T>, is_eigen_dense_plain<T>, is_eigen_sparse<T>>>>;
+
+// Captures numpy/eigen conformability status (returned by EigenProps::conformable()):
+template <bool EigenRowMajor>
+struct EigenConformable {
+    bool conformable = false;
+    EigenIndex rows = 0, cols = 0;
+    EigenDStride stride{0, 0};    // Only valid if negativestrides is false!
+    bool negativestrides = false; // If true, do not use stride!
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    EigenConformable(bool fits = false) : conformable{fits} {}
+    // Matrix type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex rstride, EigenIndex cstride)
+        : conformable{true}, rows{r}, cols{c},
+          // TODO: when Eigen bug #747 is fixed, remove the tests for non-negativity.
+          // http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/bz/show_bug.cgi?id=747
+          stride{EigenRowMajor ? (rstride > 0 ? rstride : 0)
+                               : (cstride > 0 ? cstride : 0) /* outer stride */,
+                 EigenRowMajor ? (cstride > 0 ? cstride : 0)
+                               : (rstride > 0 ? rstride : 0) /* inner stride */},
+          negativestrides{rstride < 0 || cstride < 0} {}
+    // Vector type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex stride)
+        : EigenConformable(r, c, r == 1 ? c * stride : stride, c == 1 ? r : r * stride) {}
+
+    template <typename props>
+    bool stride_compatible() const {
+        // To have compatible strides, we need (on both dimensions) one of fully dynamic strides,
+        // matching strides, or a dimension size of 1 (in which case the stride value is
+        // irrelevant). Alternatively, if any dimension size is 0, the strides are not relevant
+        // (and numpy ≥ 1.23 sets the strides to 0 in that case, so we need to check explicitly).
+        if (negativestrides) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rows == 0 || cols == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return (props::inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::inner_stride == stride.inner()
+                || (EigenRowMajor ? cols : rows) == 1)
+               && (props::outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::outer_stride == stride.outer()
+                   || (EigenRowMajor ? rows : cols) == 1);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator bool() const { return conformable; }
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct eigen_extract_stride {
+    using type = Type;
+};
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int MapOptions, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, MapOptions, StrideType>> {
+    using type = StrideType;
+};
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int Options, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, Options, StrideType>> {
+    using type = StrideType;
+};
+
+// Helper struct for extracting information from an Eigen type
+template <typename Type_>
+struct EigenProps {
+    using Type = Type_;
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    using StrideType = typename eigen_extract_stride<Type>::type;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex rows = Type::RowsAtCompileTime, cols = Type::ColsAtCompileTime,
+                                size = Type::SizeAtCompileTime;
+    static constexpr bool row_major = Type::IsRowMajor,
+                          vector
+                          = Type::IsVectorAtCompileTime, // At least one dimension has fixed size 1
+        fixed_rows = rows != Eigen::Dynamic, fixed_cols = cols != Eigen::Dynamic,
+                          fixed = size != Eigen::Dynamic, // Fully-fixed size
+        dynamic = !fixed_rows && !fixed_cols;             // Fully-dynamic size
+
+    template <EigenIndex i, EigenIndex ifzero>
+    using if_zero = std::integral_constant<EigenIndex, i == 0 ? ifzero : i>;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex inner_stride
+        = if_zero<StrideType::InnerStrideAtCompileTime, 1>::value,
+        outer_stride = if_zero < StrideType::OuterStrideAtCompileTime,
+        vector      ? size
+        : row_major ? cols
+                    : rows > ::value;
+    static constexpr bool dynamic_stride
+        = inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic && outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic;
+    static constexpr bool requires_row_major
+        = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? inner_stride : outer_stride) == 1;
+    static constexpr bool requires_col_major
+        = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? outer_stride : inner_stride) == 1;
+
+    // Takes an input array and determines whether we can make it fit into the Eigen type.  If
+    // the array is a vector, we attempt to fit it into either an Eigen 1xN or Nx1 vector
+    // (preferring the latter if it will fit in either, i.e. for a fully dynamic matrix type).
+    static EigenConformable<row_major> conformable(const array &a) {
+        const auto dims = a.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (dims == 2) { // Matrix type: require exact match (or dynamic)
+
+            EigenIndex np_rows = a.shape(0), np_cols = a.shape(1),
+                       np_rstride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar)),
+                       np_cstride = a.strides(1) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+            if ((fixed_rows && np_rows != rows) || (fixed_cols && np_cols != cols)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return {np_rows, np_cols, np_rstride, np_cstride};
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise we're storing an n-vector.  Only one of the strides will be used, but
+        // whichever is used, we want the (single) numpy stride value.
+        const EigenIndex n = a.shape(0),
+                         stride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+
+        if (vector) { // Eigen type is a compile-time vector
+            if (fixed && size != n) {
+                return false; // Vector size mismatch
+            }
+            return {rows == 1 ? 1 : n, cols == 1 ? 1 : n, stride};
+        }
+        if (fixed) {
+            // The type has a fixed size, but is not a vector: abort
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (fixed_cols) {
+            // Since this isn't a vector, cols must be != 1.  We allow this only if it exactly
+            // equals the number of elements (rows is Dynamic, and so 1 row is allowed).
+            if (cols != n) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return {1, n, stride};
+        } // Otherwise it's either fully dynamic, or column dynamic; both become a column vector
+        if (fixed_rows && rows != n) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return {n, 1, stride};
+    }
+
+    static constexpr bool show_writeable
+        = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value && is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    static constexpr bool show_order = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value;
+    static constexpr bool show_c_contiguous = show_order && requires_row_major;
+    static constexpr bool show_f_contiguous
+        = !show_c_contiguous && show_order && requires_col_major;
+
+    static constexpr auto descriptor
+        = const_name("typing.Annotated[")
+          + io_name("numpy.typing.ArrayLike, ", "numpy.typing.NDArray[")
+          + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name + io_name("", "]") + const_name(", \"[")
+          + const_name<fixed_rows>(const_name<(size_t) rows>(), const_name("m")) + const_name(", ")
+          + const_name<fixed_cols>(const_name<(size_t) cols>(), const_name("n"))
+          + const_name("]\"")
+          // For a reference type (e.g. Ref<MatrixXd>) we have other constraints that might need to
+          // be satisfied: writeable=True (for a mutable reference), and, depending on the map's
+          // stride options, possibly f_contiguous or c_contiguous.  We include them in the
+          // descriptor output to provide some hint as to why a TypeError is occurring (otherwise
+          // it can be confusing to see that a function accepts a
+          // 'typing.Annotated[numpy.typing.NDArray[numpy.float64], "[3,2]"]' and an error message
+          // that you *gave* a numpy.ndarray of the right type and dimensions.
+          + const_name<show_writeable>(", \"flags.writeable\"", "")
+          + const_name<show_c_contiguous>(", \"flags.c_contiguous\"", "")
+          + const_name<show_f_contiguous>(", \"flags.f_contiguous\"", "") + const_name("]");
+};
+
+// Casts an Eigen type to numpy array.  If given a base, the numpy array references the src data,
+// otherwise it'll make a copy.  writeable lets you turn off the writeable flag for the array.
+template <typename props>
+handle
+eigen_array_cast(typename props::Type const &src, handle base = handle(), bool writeable = true) {
+    constexpr ssize_t elem_size = sizeof(typename props::Scalar);
+    array a;
+    if (props::vector) {
+        a = array({src.size()}, {elem_size * src.innerStride()}, src.data(), base);
+    } else {
+        a = array({src.rows(), src.cols()},
+                  {elem_size * src.rowStride(), elem_size * src.colStride()},
+                  src.data(),
+                  base);
+    }
+
+    if (!writeable) {
+        array_proxy(a.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+    }
+
+    return a.release();
+}
+
+// Takes an lvalue ref to some Eigen type and a (python) base object, creating a numpy array that
+// reference the Eigen object's data with `base` as the python-registered base class (if omitted,
+// the base will be set to None, and lifetime management is up to the caller).  The numpy array is
+// non-writeable if the given type is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type>
+handle eigen_ref_array(Type &src, handle parent = none()) {
+    // none here is to get past array's should-we-copy detection, which currently always
+    // copies when there is no base.  Setting the base to None should be harmless.
+    return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, !std::is_const<Type>::value);
+}
+
+// Takes a pointer to some dense, plain Eigen type, builds a capsule around it, then returns a
+// numpy array that references the encapsulated data with a python-side reference to the capsule to
+// tie its destruction to that of any dependent python objects.  Const-ness is determined by
+// whether or not the Type of the pointer given is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type, typename = enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>>
+handle eigen_encapsulate(Type *src) {
+    capsule base(src, [](void *o) { delete static_cast<Type *>(o); });
+    return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, base);
+}
+
+// Type caster for regular, dense matrix types (e.g. MatrixXd), but not maps/refs/etc. of dense
+// types.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // If we're in no-convert mode, only load if given an array of the correct type
+        if (!convert && !isinstance<array_t<Scalar>>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Coerce into an array, but don't do type conversion yet; the copy below handles it.
+        auto buf = array::ensure(src);
+
+        if (!buf) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto dims = buf.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto fits = props::conformable(buf);
+        if (!fits) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized") // See PR #5516
+        // Allocate the new type, then build a numpy reference into it
+        value = Type(fits.rows, fits.cols);
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+        auto ref = reinterpret_steal<array>(eigen_ref_array<props>(value));
+        if (dims == 1) {
+            ref = ref.squeeze();
+        } else if (ref.ndim() == 1) {
+            buf = buf.squeeze();
+        }
+
+        int result = detail::npy_api::get().PyArray_CopyInto_(ref.ptr(), buf.ptr());
+
+        if (result < 0) { // Copy failed!
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Cast implementation
+    template <typename CType>
+    static handle cast_impl(CType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(new CType(std::move(*src)));
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, parent);
+            default:
+                throw cast_error("unhandled return_value_policy: should not happen!");
+        };
+    }
+
+public:
+    // Normal returned non-reference, non-const value:
+    static handle cast(Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // If you return a non-reference const, we mark the numpy array readonly:
+    static handle cast(const Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // non-const pointer return
+    static handle cast(Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const pointer return
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type *() { return &value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &() { return value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &&() && { return std::move(value); }
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T>;
+
+private:
+    Type value;
+};
+
+// Base class for casting reference/map/block/etc. objects back to python.
+template <typename MapType>
+struct eigen_map_caster {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename MapType::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+
+private:
+    using props = EigenProps<MapType>;
+
+public:
+    // Directly referencing a ref/map's data is a bit dangerous (whatever the map/ref points to has
+    // to stay around), but we'll allow it under the assumption that you know what you're doing
+    // (and have an appropriate keep_alive in place).  We return a numpy array pointing directly at
+    // the ref's data (The numpy array ends up read-only if the ref was to a const matrix type.)
+    // Note that this means you need to ensure you don't destroy the object in some other way (e.g.
+    // with an appropriate keep_alive, or with a reference to a statically allocated matrix).
+    static handle cast(const MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, none(), is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            default:
+                // move, take_ownership don't make any sense for a ref/map:
+                pybind11_fail("Invalid return_value_policy for Eigen Map/Ref/Block type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return_descr forces the use of NDArray instead of ArrayLike in args
+    // since Ref<...> args can only accept arrays.
+    static constexpr auto name = return_descr(props::descriptor);
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator MapType() = delete;
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = MapType;
+};
+
+// We can return any map-like object (but can only load Refs, specialized next):
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value>> : eigen_map_caster<Type> {};
+
+// Loader for Ref<...> arguments.  See the documentation for info on how to make this work without
+// copying (it requires some extra effort in many cases).
+template <typename PlainObjectType, typename StrideType>
+struct type_caster<
+    Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>,
+    enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>>::value>>
+    : public eigen_map_caster<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>> {
+private:
+    using Type = Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+    using Scalar = typename props::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using MapType = Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using Array
+        = array_t<Scalar,
+                  array::forcecast
+                      | ((props::row_major ? props::inner_stride : props::outer_stride) == 1
+                             ? array::c_style
+                         : (props::row_major ? props::outer_stride : props::inner_stride) == 1
+                             ? array::f_style
+                             : 0)>;
+    static constexpr bool need_writeable = is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    // Delay construction (these have no default constructor)
+    std::unique_ptr<MapType> map;
+    std::unique_ptr<Type> ref;
+    // Our array.  When possible, this is just a numpy array pointing to the source data, but
+    // sometimes we can't avoid copying (e.g. input is not a numpy array at all, has an
+    // incompatible layout, or is an array of a type that needs to be converted).  Using a numpy
+    // temporary (rather than an Eigen temporary) saves an extra copy when we need both type
+    // conversion and storage order conversion.  (Note that we refuse to use this temporary copy
+    // when loading an argument for a Ref<M> with M non-const, i.e. a read-write reference).
+    Array copy_or_ref;
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // First check whether what we have is already an array of the right type.  If not, we
+        // can't avoid a copy (because the copy is also going to do type conversion).
+        bool need_copy = !isinstance<Array>(src);
+
+        EigenConformable<props::row_major> fits;
+        if (!need_copy) {
+            // We don't need a converting copy, but we also need to check whether the strides are
+            // compatible with the Ref's stride requirements
+            auto aref = reinterpret_borrow<Array>(src);
+
+            if (aref && (!need_writeable || aref.writeable())) {
+                fits = props::conformable(aref);
+                if (!fits) {
+                    return false; // Incompatible dimensions
+                }
+                if (!fits.template stride_compatible<props>()) {
+                    need_copy = true;
+                } else {
+                    copy_or_ref = std::move(aref);
+                }
+            } else {
+                need_copy = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (need_copy) {
+            // We need to copy: If we need a mutable reference, or we're not supposed to convert
+            // (either because we're in the no-convert overload pass, or because we're explicitly
+            // instructed not to copy (via `py::arg().noconvert()`) we have to fail loading.
+            if (!convert || need_writeable) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Array copy = Array::ensure(src);
+            if (!copy) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            fits = props::conformable(copy);
+            if (!fits || !fits.template stride_compatible<props>()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            copy_or_ref = std::move(copy);
+            loader_life_support::add_patient(copy_or_ref);
+        }
+
+        ref.reset();
+        map.reset(new MapType(data(copy_or_ref),
+                              fits.rows,
+                              fits.cols,
+                              make_stride(fits.stride.outer(), fits.stride.inner())));
+        ref.reset(new Type(*map));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type *() { return ref.get(); }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &() { return *ref; }
+    template <typename _T>
+    using cast_op_type = pybind11::detail::cast_op_type<_T>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    Scalar *data(Array &a) {
+        return a.mutable_data();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<!is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    const Scalar *data(Array &a) {
+        return a.data();
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to figure out a constructor of `Stride` that will work.
+    // If both strides are fixed, use a default constructor:
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_default = bool_constant<S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                                              && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                                              && std::is_default_constructible<S>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a two-index constructor, assume it is (outer,inner) like
+    // Eigen::Stride, and use it:
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_dual
+        = bool_constant<!stride_ctor_default<S>::value
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a one-index constructor, and just one of the strides is dynamic, use
+    // it (passing whichever stride is dynamic).
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_outer
+        = bool_constant<!any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value
+                        && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_inner
+        = bool_constant<!any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value
+                        && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_default<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex) {
+        return S();
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_dual<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex inner) {
+        return S(outer, inner);
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_outer<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex) {
+        return S(outer);
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_inner<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex inner) {
+        return S(inner);
+    }
+};
+
+// type_caster for special matrix types (e.g. DiagonalMatrix), which are EigenBase, but not
+// EigenDense (i.e. they don't have a data(), at least not with the usual matrix layout).
+// load() is not supported, but we can cast them into the python domain by first copying to a
+// regular Eigen::Matrix, then casting that.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_other<Type>::value>> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+
+protected:
+    using Matrix
+        = Eigen::Matrix<typename Type::Scalar, Type::RowsAtCompileTime, Type::ColsAtCompileTime>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Matrix>;
+
+public:
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        handle h = eigen_encapsulate<props>(new Matrix(src));
+        return h;
+    }
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator Type() = delete;
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = Type;
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_sparse<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using StorageIndex = remove_reference_t<decltype(*std::declval<Type>().outerIndexPtr())>;
+    using Index = typename Type::Index;
+    static constexpr bool rowMajor = Type::IsRowMajor;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto obj = reinterpret_borrow<object>(src);
+        object sparse_module = module_::import("scipy.sparse");
+        object matrix_type = sparse_module.attr(rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        if (!type::handle_of(obj).is(matrix_type)) {
+            try {
+                obj = matrix_type(obj);
+            } catch (const error_already_set &) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto values = array_t<Scalar>((object) obj.attr("data"));
+        auto innerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indices"));
+        auto outerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indptr"));
+        auto shape = pybind11::tuple((pybind11::object) obj.attr("shape"));
+        auto nnz = obj.attr("nnz").cast<Index>();
+
+        if (!values || !innerIndices || !outerIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = EigenMapSparseMatrix<Scalar,
+                                     Type::Flags &(Eigen::RowMajor | Eigen::ColMajor),
+                                     StorageIndex>(shape[0].cast<Index>(),
+                                                   shape[1].cast<Index>(),
+                                                   std::move(nnz),
+                                                   outerIndices.mutable_data(),
+                                                   innerIndices.mutable_data(),
+                                                   values.mutable_data());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        const_cast<Type &>(src).makeCompressed();
+
+        object matrix_type
+            = module_::import("scipy.sparse").attr(rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        array data(src.nonZeros(), src.valuePtr());
+        array outerIndices((rowMajor ? src.rows() : src.cols()) + 1, src.outerIndexPtr());
+        array innerIndices(src.nonZeros(), src.innerIndexPtr());
+
+        return matrix_type(pybind11::make_tuple(
+                               std::move(data), std::move(innerIndices), std::move(outerIndices)),
+                           pybind11::make_tuple(src.rows(), src.cols()))
+            .release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         const_name<(Type::IsRowMajor) != 0>("scipy.sparse.csr_matrix[",
+                                                             "scipy.sparse.csc_matrix[")
+                             + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/tensor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen/tensor.h: Transparent conversion for Eigen tensors
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+static_assert(__GNUC__ > 5, "Eigen Tensor support in pybind11 requires GCC > 5.0");
+#endif
+
+// Disable warnings for Eigen
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4554)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+#endif
+
+#include <unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/Tensor>
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+static_assert(EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 3, 0),
+              "Eigen Tensor support in pybind11 requires Eigen >= 3.3.0");
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline bool is_tensor_aligned(const void *data) {
+    return (reinterpret_cast<std::size_t>(data) % EIGEN_DEFAULT_ALIGN_BYTES) == 0;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr int compute_array_flag_from_tensor() {
+    static_assert((static_cast<int>(T::Layout) == static_cast<int>(Eigen::RowMajor))
+                      || (static_cast<int>(T::Layout) == static_cast<int>(Eigen::ColMajor)),
+                  "Layout must be row or column major");
+    return (static_cast<int>(T::Layout) == static_cast<int>(Eigen::RowMajor)) ? array::c_style
+                                                                              : array::f_style;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+struct eigen_tensor_helper {};
+
+template <typename Scalar_, int NumIndices_, int Options_, typename IndexType>
+struct eigen_tensor_helper<Eigen::Tensor<Scalar_, NumIndices_, Options_, IndexType>> {
+    using Type = Eigen::Tensor<Scalar_, NumIndices_, Options_, IndexType>;
+    using ValidType = void;
+
+    static Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> get_shape(const Type &f) {
+        return f.dimensions();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr bool
+    is_correct_shape(const Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> & /*shape*/) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct helper {};
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    struct helper<index_sequence<Is...>> {
+        static constexpr auto value = ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name(((void) Is, "?"))...);
+    };
+
+    static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor
+        = helper<decltype(make_index_sequence<Type::NumIndices>())>::value;
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static Type *alloc(Args &&...args) {
+        return new Type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    static void free(Type *tensor) { delete tensor; }
+};
+
+template <typename Scalar_, typename std::ptrdiff_t... Indices, int Options_, typename IndexType>
+struct eigen_tensor_helper<
+    Eigen::TensorFixedSize<Scalar_, Eigen::Sizes<Indices...>, Options_, IndexType>> {
+    using Type = Eigen::TensorFixedSize<Scalar_, Eigen::Sizes<Indices...>, Options_, IndexType>;
+    using ValidType = void;
+
+    static constexpr Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>
+    get_shape(const Type & /*f*/) {
+        return get_shape();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> get_shape() {
+        return Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>(Indices...);
+    }
+
+    static bool
+    is_correct_shape(const Eigen::DSizes<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices> &shape) {
+        return get_shape() == shape;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto dimensions_descriptor
+        = ::pybind11::detail::concat(const_name<Indices>()...);
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static Type *alloc(Args &&...args) {
+        Eigen::aligned_allocator<Type> allocator;
+        return ::new (allocator.allocate(1)) Type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    static void free(Type *tensor) {
+        Eigen::aligned_allocator<Type> allocator;
+        tensor->~Type();
+        allocator.deallocate(tensor, 1);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Type, bool ShowDetails, bool NeedsWriteable = false>
+struct get_tensor_descriptor {
+    static constexpr auto details
+        = const_name<NeedsWriteable>(", \"flags.writeable\"", "") + const_name
+              < static_cast<int>(Type::Layout)
+          == static_cast<int>(Eigen::RowMajor)
+                 > (", \"flags.c_contiguous\"", ", \"flags.f_contiguous\"");
+    static constexpr auto value
+        = const_name("typing.Annotated[")
+          + io_name("numpy.typing.ArrayLike, ", "numpy.typing.NDArray[")
+          + npy_format_descriptor<typename Type::Scalar>::name + io_name("", "]")
+          + const_name(", \"[") + eigen_tensor_helper<remove_cv_t<Type>>::dimensions_descriptor
+          + const_name("]\"") + const_name<ShowDetails>(details, const_name("")) + const_name("]");
+};
+
+// When EIGEN_AVOID_STL_ARRAY is defined, Eigen::DSizes<T, 0> does not have the begin() member
+// function. Falling back to a simple loop works around this issue.
+//
+// We need to disable the type-limits warning for the inner loop when size = 0.
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wtype-limits")
+
+template <typename T, int size>
+std::vector<T> convert_dsizes_to_vector(const Eigen::DSizes<T, size> &arr) {
+    std::vector<T> result(size);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        result[i] = arr[i];
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T, int size>
+Eigen::DSizes<T, size> get_shape_for_array(const array &arr) {
+    Eigen::DSizes<T, size> result;
+    const T *shape = arr.shape();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        result[i] = shape[i];
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, typename eigen_tensor_helper<Type>::ValidType> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using Helper = eigen_tensor_helper<Type>;
+    static constexpr auto temp_name = get_tensor_descriptor<Type, false>::value;
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, temp_name);
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!convert) {
+            if (!isinstance<array>(src)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            array temp = array::ensure(src);
+            if (!temp) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!temp.dtype().is(dtype::of<typename Type::Scalar>())) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        array_t<typename Type::Scalar, compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()> arr(
+            reinterpret_borrow<object>(src));
+
+        if (arr.ndim() != Type::NumIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto shape = get_shape_for_array<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>(arr);
+
+        if (!Helper::is_correct_shape(shape)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 4, 0)
+        auto data_pointer = arr.data();
+#else
+        // Handle Eigen bug
+        auto data_pointer = const_cast<typename Type::Scalar *>(arr.data());
+#endif
+
+        if (is_tensor_aligned(arr.data())) {
+            value = Eigen::TensorMap<const Type, Eigen::Aligned>(data_pointer, shape);
+        } else {
+            value = Eigen::TensorMap<const Type>(data_pointer, shape);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(Type &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::reference
+            || policy == return_value_policy::reference_internal) {
+            pybind11_fail("Cannot use a reference return value policy for an rvalue");
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::reference
+            || policy == return_value_policy::reference_internal) {
+            pybind11_fail("Cannot use a reference return value policy for an rvalue");
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    template <typename C>
+    static handle cast_impl(C *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        object parent_object;
+        bool writeable = false;
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                if (std::is_const<C>::value) {
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot move from a constant reference");
+                }
+
+                src = Helper::alloc(std::move(*src));
+
+                parent_object
+                    = capsule(src, [](void *ptr) { Helper::free(reinterpret_cast<Type *>(ptr)); });
+                writeable = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+                if (std::is_const<C>::value) {
+                    // This cast is ugly, and might be UB in some cases, but we don't have an
+                    // alternative here as we must free that memory
+                    Helper::free(const_cast<Type *>(src));
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot take ownership of a const reference");
+                }
+
+                parent_object
+                    = capsule(src, [](void *ptr) { Helper::free(reinterpret_cast<Type *>(ptr)); });
+                writeable = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                writeable = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+                parent_object = none();
+                writeable = !std::is_const<C>::value;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                // Default should do the right thing
+                if (!parent) {
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot use reference internal when there is no parent");
+                }
+                parent_object = reinterpret_borrow<object>(parent);
+                writeable = !std::is_const<C>::value;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                pybind11_fail("pybind11 bug in eigen.h, please file a bug report");
+        }
+
+        auto result = array_t<typename Type::Scalar, compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()>(
+            convert_dsizes_to_vector(Helper::get_shape(*src)), src->data(), parent_object);
+
+        if (!writeable) {
+            array_proxy(result.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+        }
+
+        return result.release();
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename StoragePointerType,
+          bool needs_writeable,
+          enable_if_t<!needs_writeable, bool> = true>
+StoragePointerType get_array_data_for_type(array &arr) {
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 4, 0)
+    return reinterpret_cast<StoragePointerType>(arr.data());
+#else
+    // Handle Eigen bug
+    return reinterpret_cast<StoragePointerType>(const_cast<void *>(arr.data()));
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename StoragePointerType,
+          bool needs_writeable,
+          enable_if_t<needs_writeable, bool> = true>
+StoragePointerType get_array_data_for_type(array &arr) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<StoragePointerType>(arr.mutable_data());
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct get_storage_pointer_type;
+
+template <typename MapType>
+struct get_storage_pointer_type<MapType, void_t<typename MapType::StoragePointerType>> {
+    using SPT = typename MapType::StoragePointerType;
+};
+
+template <typename MapType>
+struct get_storage_pointer_type<MapType, void_t<typename MapType::PointerArgType>> {
+    using SPT = typename MapType::PointerArgType;
+};
+
+template <typename Type, int Options>
+struct type_caster<Eigen::TensorMap<Type, Options>,
+                   typename eigen_tensor_helper<remove_cv_t<Type>>::ValidType> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using MapType = Eigen::TensorMap<Type, Options>;
+    using Helper = eigen_tensor_helper<remove_cv_t<Type>>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool /*convert*/) {
+        // Note that we have a lot more checks here as we want to make sure to avoid copies
+        if (!isinstance<array>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto arr = reinterpret_borrow<array>(src);
+        if ((arr.flags() & compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()) == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!arr.dtype().is(dtype::of<typename Type::Scalar>())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (arr.ndim() != Type::NumIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        constexpr bool is_aligned = (Options & Eigen::Aligned) != 0;
+
+        if (is_aligned && !is_tensor_aligned(arr.data())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto shape = get_shape_for_array<typename Type::Index, Type::NumIndices>(arr);
+
+        if (!Helper::is_correct_shape(shape)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (needs_writeable && !arr.writeable()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto result = get_array_data_for_type<typename get_storage_pointer_type<MapType>::SPT,
+                                              needs_writeable>(arr);
+
+        value.reset(new MapType(std::move(result), std::move(shape)));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(MapType &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const MapType &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(MapType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const MapType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::take_ownership;
+        } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::reference;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    template <typename C>
+    static handle cast_impl(C *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        object parent_object;
+        constexpr bool writeable = !std::is_const<C>::value;
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+                parent_object = none();
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                // Default should do the right thing
+                if (!parent) {
+                    pybind11_fail("Cannot use reference internal when there is no parent");
+                }
+                parent_object = reinterpret_borrow<object>(parent);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // move, take_ownership don't make any sense for a ref/map:
+                pybind11_fail("Invalid return_value_policy for Eigen Map type, must be either "
+                              "reference or reference_internal");
+        }
+
+        auto result = array_t<typename Type::Scalar, compute_array_flag_from_tensor<Type>()>(
+            convert_dsizes_to_vector(Helper::get_shape(*src)),
+            src->data(),
+            std::move(parent_object));
+
+        if (!writeable) {
+            array_proxy(result.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+        }
+
+        return result.release();
+    }
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 4, 0)
+
+    static constexpr bool needs_writeable = !std::is_const<typename std::remove_pointer<
+        typename get_storage_pointer_type<MapType>::SPT>::type>::value;
+#else
+    // Handle Eigen bug
+    static constexpr bool needs_writeable = !std::is_const<Type>::value;
+#endif
+
+protected:
+    // TODO: Move to std::optional once std::optional has more support
+    std::unique_ptr<MapType> value;
+
+public:
+    // return_descr forces the use of NDArray instead of ArrayLike since refs can only reference
+    // arrays
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = return_descr(get_tensor_descriptor<Type, true, needs_writeable>::value);
+    explicit operator MapType *() { return value.get(); }
+    explicit operator MapType &() { return *value; }
+    explicit operator MapType &&() && { return std::move(*value); }
+
+    template <typename T_>
+    using cast_op_type = ::pybind11::detail::movable_cast_op_type<T_>;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/embed.h

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/embed.h: Support for embedding the interpreter
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "eval.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#    error Embedding the interpreter is not supported with PyPy
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE_IMPL(name)                                                       \
+    extern "C" PyObject *pybind11_init_impl_##name();                                             \
+    extern "C" PyObject *pybind11_init_impl_##name() { return pybind11_init_wrapper_##name(); }
+
+/** \rst
+    Add a new module to the table of builtins for the interpreter. Must be
+    defined in global scope. The first macro parameter is the name of the
+    module (without quotes). The second parameter is the variable which will
+    be used as the interface to add functions and classes to the module.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(example, m) {
+            // ... initialize functions and classes here
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, World!";
+            });
+        }
+
+    The third and subsequent macro arguments are optional, and can be used to
+    mark the module as supporting various Python features.
+
+    - ``mod_gil_not_used()``
+    - ``multiple_interpreters::per_interpreter_gil()``
+    - ``multiple_interpreters::shared_gil()``
+    - ``multiple_interpreters::not_supported()``
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(example, m, py::mod_gil_not_used()) {
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, Free-threaded World!";
+            });
+        }
+
+ \endrst */
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments")
+#define PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(name, variable, ...)                                             \
+    PYBIND11_MODULE_PYINIT(name, {}, ##__VA_ARGS__)                                               \
+    ::pybind11::detail::embedded_module PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_module_, name)(                  \
+        PYBIND11_TOSTRING(name), PYBIND11_CONCAT(PyInit_, name));                                 \
+    PYBIND11_MODULE_EXEC(name, variable)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Python 2.7/3.x compatible version of `PyImport_AppendInittab` and error checks.
+struct embedded_module {
+    using init_t = PyObject *(*) ();
+    embedded_module(const char *name, init_t init) {
+        if (Py_IsInitialized() != 0) {
+            pybind11_fail("Can't add new modules after the interpreter has been initialized");
+        }
+
+        auto result = PyImport_AppendInittab(name, init);
+        if (result == -1) {
+            pybind11_fail("Insufficient memory to add a new module");
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+struct wide_char_arg_deleter {
+    void operator()(wchar_t *ptr) const {
+        // API docs: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/sys.html#c.Py_DecodeLocale
+        PyMem_RawFree(ptr);
+    }
+};
+
+inline wchar_t *widen_chars(const char *safe_arg) {
+    wchar_t *widened_arg = Py_DecodeLocale(safe_arg, nullptr);
+    return widened_arg;
+}
+
+inline void precheck_interpreter() {
+    if (Py_IsInitialized() != 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("The interpreter is already running");
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX)
+#    define PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX (0x03080000)
+#endif
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+inline void initialize_interpreter_pre_pyconfig(bool init_signal_handlers,
+                                                int argc,
+                                                const char *const *argv,
+                                                bool add_program_dir_to_path) {
+    detail::precheck_interpreter();
+    Py_InitializeEx(init_signal_handlers ? 1 : 0);
+
+    auto argv_size = static_cast<size_t>(argc);
+    // SetArgv* on python 3 takes wchar_t, so we have to convert.
+    std::unique_ptr<wchar_t *[]> widened_argv(new wchar_t *[argv_size]);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<wchar_t[], detail::wide_char_arg_deleter>> widened_argv_entries;
+    widened_argv_entries.reserve(argv_size);
+    for (size_t ii = 0; ii < argv_size; ++ii) {
+        widened_argv_entries.emplace_back(detail::widen_chars(argv[ii]));
+        if (!widened_argv_entries.back()) {
+            // A null here indicates a character-encoding failure or the python
+            // interpreter out of memory. Give up.
+            return;
+        }
+        widened_argv[ii] = widened_argv_entries.back().get();
+    }
+
+    auto *pysys_argv = widened_argv.get();
+
+    PySys_SetArgvEx(argc, pysys_argv, static_cast<int>(add_program_dir_to_path));
+}
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+inline void initialize_interpreter(PyConfig *config,
+                                   int argc = 0,
+                                   const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                   bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+    detail::precheck_interpreter();
+    PyStatus status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(config, argc, const_cast<char *const *>(argv));
+    if (PyStatus_Exception(status) != 0) {
+        // A failure here indicates a character-encoding failure or the python
+        // interpreter out of memory. Give up.
+        PyConfig_Clear(config);
+        throw std::runtime_error(PyStatus_IsError(status) != 0 ? status.err_msg
+                                                               : "Failed to prepare CPython");
+    }
+    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(config);
+    if (PyStatus_Exception(status) != 0) {
+        PyConfig_Clear(config);
+        throw std::runtime_error(PyStatus_IsError(status) != 0 ? status.err_msg
+                                                               : "Failed to init CPython");
+    }
+    if (add_program_dir_to_path) {
+        PyRun_SimpleString("import sys, os.path; "
+                           "sys.path.insert(0, "
+                           "os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])) "
+                           "if sys.argv and os.path.exists(sys.argv[0]) else '')");
+    }
+    PyConfig_Clear(config);
+}
+#endif
+
+/** \rst
+    Initialize the Python interpreter. No other pybind11 or CPython API functions can be
+    called before this is done; with the exception of `PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE`. The
+    optional `init_signal_handlers` parameter can be used to skip the registration of
+    signal handlers (see the `Python documentation`_ for details). Calling this function
+    again after the interpreter has already been initialized is a fatal error.
+
+    If initializing the Python interpreter fails, then the program is terminated.  (This
+    is controlled by the CPython runtime and is an exception to pybind11's normal behavior
+    of throwing exceptions on errors.)
+
+    The remaining optional parameters, `argc`, `argv`, and `add_program_dir_to_path` are
+    used to populate ``sys.argv`` and ``sys.path``.
+    See the |PySys_SetArgvEx documentation|_ for details.
+
+    .. _Python documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#c.Py_InitializeEx
+    .. |PySys_SetArgvEx documentation| replace:: ``PySys_SetArgvEx`` documentation
+    .. _PySys_SetArgvEx documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#c.PySys_SetArgvEx
+ \endrst */
+inline void initialize_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true,
+                                   int argc = 0,
+                                   const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                   bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+    detail::initialize_interpreter_pre_pyconfig(
+        init_signal_handlers, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+#else
+    PyConfig config;
+    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
+    // See PR #4473 for background
+    config.parse_argv = 0;
+
+    config.install_signal_handlers = init_signal_handlers ? 1 : 0;
+    initialize_interpreter(&config, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+#endif
+
+    // There is exactly one interpreter alive currently.
+    detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() = 1;
+}
+
+/** \rst
+    Shut down the Python interpreter. No pybind11 or CPython API functions can be called
+    after this. In addition, pybind11 objects must not outlive the interpreter:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        { // BAD
+            py::initialize_interpreter();
+            auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+            py::finalize_interpreter();
+        } // <-- BOOM, hello's destructor is called after interpreter shutdown
+
+        { // GOOD
+            py::initialize_interpreter();
+            { // scoped
+                auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+            } // <-- OK, hello is cleaned up properly
+            py::finalize_interpreter();
+        }
+
+        { // BETTER
+            py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
+            auto hello = py::str("Hello, World!");
+        }
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        The interpreter can be restarted by calling `initialize_interpreter` again.
+        Modules created using pybind11 can be safely re-initialized. However, Python
+        itself cannot completely unload binary extension modules and there are several
+        caveats with regard to interpreter restarting. All the details can be found
+        in the CPython documentation. In short, not all interpreter memory may be
+        freed, either due to reference cycles or user-created global data.
+
+ \endrst */
+inline void finalize_interpreter() {
+    // get rid of any thread-local interpreter cache that currently exists
+    if (detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() > 1) {
+        detail::get_internals_pp_manager().unref();
+        detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().unref();
+
+        // We know there can be no other interpreter alive now, so we can lower the count
+        detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() = 1;
+    }
+
+    // Re-fetch the internals pointer-to-pointer (but not the internals itself, which might not
+    // exist). It's possible for the  internals to be created during Py_Finalize() (e.g. if a
+    // py::capsule calls `get_internals()` during destruction), so we get the pointer-pointer here
+    // and check it after Py_Finalize().
+    detail::get_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+    detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+
+    Py_Finalize();
+
+    detail::get_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+
+    // Local internals contains data managed by the current interpreter, so we must clear them to
+    // avoid undefined behaviors when initializing another interpreter
+    detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+
+    // We know there is no interpreter alive now, so we can reset the count
+    detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() = 0;
+}
+
+/** \rst
+    Scope guard version of `initialize_interpreter` and `finalize_interpreter`.
+    This a move-only guard and only a single instance can exist.
+
+    See `initialize_interpreter` for a discussion of its constructor arguments.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/embed.h>
+
+        int main() {
+            py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
+            py::print(Hello, World!);
+        } // <-- interpreter shutdown
+ \endrst */
+class scoped_interpreter {
+public:
+    explicit scoped_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true,
+                                int argc = 0,
+                                const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+        initialize_interpreter(init_signal_handlers, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+    }
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= PYBIND11_PYCONFIG_SUPPORT_PY_VERSION_HEX
+    explicit scoped_interpreter(PyConfig *config,
+                                int argc = 0,
+                                const char *const *argv = nullptr,
+                                bool add_program_dir_to_path = true) {
+        initialize_interpreter(config, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    scoped_interpreter(const scoped_interpreter &) = delete;
+    scoped_interpreter(scoped_interpreter &&other) noexcept { other.is_valid = false; }
+    scoped_interpreter &operator=(const scoped_interpreter &) = delete;
+    scoped_interpreter &operator=(scoped_interpreter &&) = delete;
+
+    ~scoped_interpreter() {
+        if (is_valid) {
+            finalize_interpreter();
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool is_valid = true;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/eval.h

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eval.h: Support for evaluating Python expressions and statements
+    from strings and files
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Klemens Morgenstern <klemens.morgenstern@ed-chemnitz.de> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline void ensure_builtins_in_globals(object &global) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    // Running exec and eval adds `builtins` module under `__builtins__` key to
+    // globals if not yet present.  Python 3.8 made PyRun_String behave
+    // similarly. Let's also do that for older versions, for consistency. This
+    // was missing from PyPy3.8 7.3.7.
+    if (!global.contains("__builtins__"))
+        global["__builtins__"] = module_::import(PYBIND11_BUILTINS_MODULE);
+#else
+    (void) global;
+#endif
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+enum eval_mode {
+    /// Evaluate a string containing an isolated expression
+    eval_expr,
+
+    /// Evaluate a string containing a single statement. Returns \c none
+    eval_single_statement,
+
+    /// Evaluate a string containing a sequence of statement. Returns \c none
+    eval_statements
+};
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_expr>
+object eval(const str &expr, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    if (!local) {
+        local = global;
+    }
+
+    detail::ensure_builtins_in_globals(global);
+
+    /* PyRun_String does not accept a PyObject / encoding specifier,
+       this seems to be the only alternative */
+    std::string buffer = "# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" + (std::string) expr;
+
+    int start = 0;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case eval_expr:
+            start = Py_eval_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_single_statement:
+            start = Py_single_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_statements:
+            start = Py_file_input;
+            break;
+        default:
+            pybind11_fail("invalid evaluation mode");
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(buffer.c_str(), start, global.ptr(), local.ptr());
+    if (!result) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+}
+
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_expr, size_t N>
+object eval(const char (&s)[N], object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    /* Support raw string literals by removing common leading whitespace */
+    auto expr = (s[0] == '\n') ? str(module_::import("textwrap").attr("dedent")(s)) : str(s);
+    return eval<mode>(expr, std::move(global), std::move(local));
+}
+
+inline void exec(const str &expr, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    eval<eval_statements>(expr, std::move(global), std::move(local));
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+void exec(const char (&s)[N], object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    eval<eval_statements>(s, std::move(global), std::move(local));
+}
+
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) || defined(GRAALVM_PYTHON)
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str, object, object) {
+    pybind11_fail("eval_file not supported in this interpreter. Use eval");
+}
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str, object) {
+    pybind11_fail("eval_file not supported in this interpreter. Use eval");
+}
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str) {
+    pybind11_fail("eval_file not supported in this interpreter. Use eval");
+}
+#else
+template <eval_mode mode = eval_statements>
+object eval_file(str fname, object global = globals(), object local = object()) {
+    if (!local) {
+        local = global;
+    }
+
+    detail::ensure_builtins_in_globals(global);
+
+    int start = 0;
+    switch (mode) {
+        case eval_expr:
+            start = Py_eval_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_single_statement:
+            start = Py_single_input;
+            break;
+        case eval_statements:
+            start = Py_file_input;
+            break;
+        default:
+            pybind11_fail("invalid evaluation mode");
+    }
+
+    int closeFile = 1;
+    std::string fname_str = (std::string) fname;
+    FILE *f =
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030E0000
+        Py_fopen(fname.ptr(), "r");
+#    else
+        _Py_fopen_obj(fname.ptr(), "r");
+#    endif
+    if (!f) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        pybind11_fail("File \"" + fname_str + "\" could not be opened!");
+    }
+
+    if (!global.contains("__file__")) {
+        global["__file__"] = std::move(fname);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *result
+        = PyRun_FileEx(f, fname_str.c_str(), start, global.ptr(), local.ptr(), closeFile);
+
+    if (!result) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+}
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/functional.h

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/functional.h: std::function<> support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(type_caster_std_function_specializations)
+
+// ensure GIL is held during functor destruction
+struct func_handle {
+    function f;
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1916 && defined(PYBIND11_CPP17))
+    // This triggers a syntax error under very special conditions (very weird indeed).
+    explicit
+#endif
+        func_handle(function &&f_) noexcept
+        : f(std::move(f_)) {
+    }
+    func_handle(const func_handle &f_) { operator=(f_); }
+    func_handle &operator=(const func_handle &f_) {
+        gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+        f = f_.f;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ~func_handle() {
+        gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+        function kill_f(std::move(f));
+    }
+};
+
+// to emulate 'move initialization capture' in C++11
+struct func_wrapper_base {
+    func_handle hfunc;
+    explicit func_wrapper_base(func_handle &&hf) noexcept : hfunc(hf) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct func_wrapper : func_wrapper_base {
+    using func_wrapper_base::func_wrapper_base;
+    Return operator()(Args... args) const { // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+        gil_scoped_acquire acq;
+        // casts the returned object as a rvalue to the return type
+        return hfunc.f(std::forward<Args>(args)...).template cast<Return>();
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(type_caster_std_function_specializations)
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct type_caster<std::function<Return(Args...)>> {
+    using type = std::function<Return(Args...)>;
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    using function_type = Return (*)(Args...);
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            // Defer accepting None to other overloads (if we aren't in convert mode):
+            if (!convert) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!isinstance<function>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto func = reinterpret_borrow<function>(src);
+
+        /*
+           When passing a C++ function as an argument to another C++
+           function via Python, every function call would normally involve
+           a full C++ -> Python -> C++ roundtrip, which can be prohibitive.
+           Here, we try to at least detect the case where the function is
+           stateless (i.e. function pointer or lambda function without
+           captured variables), in which case the roundtrip can be avoided.
+         */
+        if (auto cfunc = func.cpp_function()) {
+            auto *cfunc_self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(cfunc.ptr());
+            if (cfunc_self == nullptr) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+            } else {
+                function_record *rec = function_record_ptr_from_PyObject(cfunc_self);
+                while (rec != nullptr) {
+                    if (rec->is_stateless
+                        && same_type(typeid(function_type),
+                                     *reinterpret_cast<const std::type_info *>(rec->data[1]))) {
+                        struct capture {
+                            function_type f;
+
+                            static capture *from_data(void **data) {
+                                return PYBIND11_STD_LAUNDER(reinterpret_cast<capture *>(data));
+                            }
+                        };
+                        PYBIND11_ENSURE_PRECONDITION_FOR_FUNCTIONAL_H_PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZATIONS(
+                            std::is_standard_layout<capture>::value);
+                        value = capture::from_data(rec->data)->f;
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    rec = rec->next;
+                }
+            }
+            // PYPY segfaults here when passing builtin function like sum.
+            // Raising an fail exception here works to prevent the segfault, but only on gcc.
+            // See PR #1413 for full details
+        }
+
+        value = type_caster_std_function_specializations::func_wrapper<Return, Args...>(
+            type_caster_std_function_specializations::func_handle(std::move(func)));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Func>
+    static handle cast(Func &&f_, return_value_policy policy, handle /* parent */) {
+        if (!f_) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+
+        auto result = f_.template target<function_type>();
+        if (result) {
+            return cpp_function(*result, policy).release();
+        }
+        return cpp_function(std::forward<Func>(f_), policy).release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(
+        type,
+        const_name("collections.abc.Callable[[")
+            + ::pybind11::detail::concat(::pybind11::detail::arg_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...)
+            + const_name("], ") + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<retval_type>::name)
+            + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/gil.h

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/gil.h: RAII helpers for managing the GIL
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+
+#    include "detail/common.h"
+#    include "gil_simple.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using gil_scoped_acquire = gil_scoped_acquire_simple;
+using gil_scoped_release = gil_scoped_release_simple;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+#else
+
+#    include "detail/common.h"
+#    include "detail/internals.h"
+
+#    include <cassert>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wredundant-decls")
+
+// forward declarations
+PyThreadState *get_thread_state_unchecked();
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/* The functions below essentially reproduce the PyGILState_* API using a RAII
+ * pattern, but there are a few important differences:
+ *
+ * 1. When acquiring the GIL from an non-main thread during the finalization
+ *    phase, the GILState API blindly terminates the calling thread, which
+ *    is often not what is wanted. This API does not do this.
+ *
+ * 2. The gil_scoped_release function can optionally cut the relationship
+ *    of a PyThreadState and its associated thread, which allows moving it to
+ *    another thread (this is a fairly rare/advanced use case).
+ *
+ * 3. The reference count of an acquired thread state can be controlled. This
+ *    can be handy to prevent cases where callbacks issued from an external
+ *    thread would otherwise constantly construct and destroy thread state data
+ *    structures.
+ *
+ * See the Python bindings of NanoGUI (http://github.com/wjakob/nanogui) for an
+ * example which uses features 2 and 3 to migrate the Python thread of
+ * execution to another thread (to run the event loop on the original thread,
+ * in this case).
+ */
+
+class gil_scoped_acquire {
+public:
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE gil_scoped_acquire() {
+        auto &internals = detail::get_internals();
+        tstate = internals.tstate.get();
+
+        if (!tstate) {
+            /* Check if the GIL was acquired using the PyGILState_* API instead (e.g. if
+               calling from a Python thread). Since we use a different key, this ensures
+               we don't create a new thread state and deadlock in PyEval_AcquireThread
+               below. Note we don't save this state with internals.tstate, since we don't
+               create it we would fail to clear it (its reference count should be > 0). */
+            tstate = PyGILState_GetThisThreadState();
+        }
+
+        if (!tstate) {
+            tstate = PyThreadState_New(internals.istate);
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            if (!tstate) {
+                pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire: could not create thread state!");
+            }
+#    endif
+            tstate->gilstate_counter = 0;
+            internals.tstate = tstate;
+        } else {
+            release = detail::get_thread_state_unchecked() != tstate;
+        }
+
+        if (release) {
+            PyEval_AcquireThread(tstate);
+        }
+
+        inc_ref();
+    }
+
+    gil_scoped_acquire(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_acquire &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+
+    void inc_ref() { ++tstate->gilstate_counter; }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void dec_ref() {
+        --tstate->gilstate_counter;
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+        if (detail::get_thread_state_unchecked() != tstate) {
+            pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire::dec_ref(): thread state must be current!");
+        }
+        if (tstate->gilstate_counter < 0) {
+            pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire::dec_ref(): reference count underflow!");
+        }
+#    endif
+        if (tstate->gilstate_counter == 0) {
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            if (!release) {
+                pybind11_fail("scoped_acquire::dec_ref(): internal error!");
+            }
+#    endif
+            PyThreadState_Clear(tstate);
+            if (active) {
+                PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent();
+            }
+            detail::get_internals().tstate.reset();
+            release = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This method will disable the PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent call and the
+    /// GIL won't be released. This method should be used if the interpreter
+    /// could be shutting down when this is called, as thread deletion is not
+    /// allowed during shutdown. Check _Py_IsFinalizing() on Python 3.7+, and
+    /// protect subsequent code.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void disarm() { active = false; }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE ~gil_scoped_acquire() {
+        dec_ref();
+        if (release) {
+            PyEval_SaveThread();
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    PyThreadState *tstate = nullptr;
+    bool release = true;
+    bool active = true;
+};
+
+class gil_scoped_release {
+public:
+    // PRECONDITION: The GIL must be held when this constructor is called.
+    explicit gil_scoped_release(bool disassoc = false) : disassoc(disassoc) {
+        assert(PyGILState_Check());
+        // `get_internals()` must be called here unconditionally in order to initialize
+        // `internals.tstate` for subsequent `gil_scoped_acquire` calls. Otherwise, an
+        // initialization race could occur as multiple threads try `gil_scoped_acquire`.
+        auto &internals = detail::get_internals();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        tstate = PyEval_SaveThread();
+        if (disassoc) {
+            internals.tstate.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    gil_scoped_release(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
+
+    /// This method will disable the PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent call and the
+    /// GIL won't be acquired. This method should be used if the interpreter
+    /// could be shutting down when this is called, as thread deletion is not
+    /// allowed during shutdown. Check _Py_IsFinalizing() on Python 3.7+, and
+    /// protect subsequent code.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void disarm() { active = false; }
+
+    ~gil_scoped_release() {
+        if (!tstate) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // `PyEval_RestoreThread()` should not be called if runtime is finalizing
+        if (active) {
+            PyEval_RestoreThread(tstate);
+        }
+        if (disassoc) {
+            detail::get_internals().tstate = tstate;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    PyThreadState *tstate;
+    bool disassoc;
+    bool active = true;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+#endif // !PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/gil_safe_call_once.h

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "gil.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#    include <atomic>
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+// Use the `gil_safe_call_once_and_store` class below instead of the naive
+//
+//   static auto imported_obj = py::module_::import("module_name"); // BAD, DO NOT USE!
+//
+// which has two serious issues:
+//
+//     1. Py_DECREF() calls potentially after the Python interpreter was finalized already, and
+//     2. deadlocks in multi-threaded processes (because of missing lock ordering).
+//
+// The following alternative avoids both problems:
+//
+//   PYBIND11_CONSTINIT static py::gil_safe_call_once_and_store<py::object> storage;
+//   auto &imported_obj = storage // Do NOT make this `static`!
+//       .call_once_and_store_result([]() {
+//           return py::module_::import("module_name");
+//       })
+//       .get_stored();
+//
+// The parameter of `call_once_and_store_result()` must be callable. It can make
+// CPython API calls, and in particular, it can temporarily release the GIL.
+//
+// `T` can be any C++ type, it does not have to involve CPython API types.
+//
+// The behavior with regard to signals, e.g. `SIGINT` (`KeyboardInterrupt`),
+// is not ideal. If the main thread is the one to actually run the `Callable`,
+// then a `KeyboardInterrupt` will interrupt it if it is running normal Python
+// code. The situation is different if a non-main thread runs the
+// `Callable`, and then the main thread starts waiting for it to complete:
+// a `KeyboardInterrupt` will not interrupt the non-main thread, but it will
+// get processed only when it is the main thread's turn again and it is running
+// normal Python code. However, this will be unnoticeable for quick call-once
+// functions, which is usually the case.
+//
+// For in-depth background, see docs/advanced/deadlock.md
+template <typename T>
+class gil_safe_call_once_and_store {
+public:
+    // PRECONDITION: The GIL must be held when `call_once_and_store_result()` is called.
+    template <typename Callable>
+    gil_safe_call_once_and_store &call_once_and_store_result(Callable &&fn) {
+        if (!is_initialized_) { // This read is guarded by the GIL.
+            // Multiple threads may enter here, because the GIL is released in the next line and
+            // CPython API calls in the `fn()` call below may release and reacquire the GIL.
+            gil_scoped_release gil_rel; // Needed to establish lock ordering.
+            std::call_once(once_flag_, [&] {
+                // Only one thread will ever enter here.
+                gil_scoped_acquire gil_acq;
+                ::new (storage_) T(fn()); // fn may release, but will reacquire, the GIL.
+                is_initialized_ = true;   // This write is guarded by the GIL.
+            });
+            // All threads will observe `is_initialized_` as true here.
+        }
+        // Intentionally not returning `T &` to ensure the calling code is self-documenting.
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // This must only be called after `call_once_and_store_result()` was called.
+    T &get_stored() {
+        assert(is_initialized_);
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+#if !defined(__clang__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5
+        // Needed for gcc 4.8.5
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+#endif
+        return *reinterpret_cast<T *>(storage_);
+        PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+    }
+
+    constexpr gil_safe_call_once_and_store() = default;
+    PYBIND11_DTOR_CONSTEXPR ~gil_safe_call_once_and_store() = default;
+
+private:
+    alignas(T) char storage_[sizeof(T)] = {};
+    std::once_flag once_flag_ = {};
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::atomic_bool
+#else
+    bool
+#endif
+        is_initialized_{false};
+    // The `is_initialized_`-`storage_` pair is very similar to `std::optional`,
+    // but the latter does not have the triviality properties of former,
+    // therefore `std::optional` is not a viable alternative here.
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/gil_simple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+class gil_scoped_acquire_simple {
+    PyGILState_STATE state;
+
+public:
+    gil_scoped_acquire_simple() : state{PyGILState_Ensure()} {}
+    gil_scoped_acquire_simple(const gil_scoped_acquire_simple &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_acquire_simple &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire_simple &) = delete;
+    ~gil_scoped_acquire_simple() { PyGILState_Release(state); }
+};
+
+class gil_scoped_release_simple {
+    PyThreadState *state;
+
+public:
+    // PRECONDITION: The GIL must be held when this constructor is called.
+    gil_scoped_release_simple() {
+        assert(PyGILState_Check());
+        state = PyEval_SaveThread();
+    }
+    gil_scoped_release_simple(const gil_scoped_release_simple &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release_simple &operator=(const gil_scoped_release_simple &) = delete;
+    ~gil_scoped_release_simple() { PyEval_RestoreThread(state); }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/iostream.h

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/iostream.h -- Tools to assist with redirecting cout and cerr to Python
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Henry F. Schreiner
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+    WARNING: The implementation in this file is NOT thread safe. Multiple
+    threads writing to a redirected ostream concurrently cause data races
+    and potentially buffer overflows. Therefore it is currently a requirement
+    that all (possibly) concurrent redirected ostream writes are protected by
+    a mutex.
+    #HelpAppreciated: Work on iostream.h thread safety.
+    For more background see the discussions under
+    https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/2982 and
+    https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/2995.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <streambuf>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Buffer that writes to Python instead of C++
+class pythonbuf : public std::streambuf {
+private:
+    using traits_type = std::streambuf::traits_type;
+
+    const size_t buf_size;
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> d_buffer;
+    object pywrite;
+    object pyflush;
+
+    int overflow(int c) override {
+        if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof())) {
+            *pptr() = traits_type::to_char_type(c);
+            pbump(1);
+        }
+        return sync() == 0 ? traits_type::not_eof(c) : traits_type::eof();
+    }
+
+    // Computes how many bytes at the end of the buffer are part of an
+    // incomplete sequence of UTF-8 bytes.
+    // Precondition: pbase() < pptr()
+    size_t utf8_remainder() const {
+        const auto rbase = std::reverse_iterator<char *>(pbase());
+        const auto rpptr = std::reverse_iterator<char *>(pptr());
+        auto is_ascii = [](char c) { return (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0x80) == 0x00; };
+        auto is_leading = [](char c) { return (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0xC0) == 0xC0; };
+        auto is_leading_2b = [](char c) { return static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= 0xDF; };
+        auto is_leading_3b = [](char c) { return static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= 0xEF; };
+        // If the last character is ASCII, there are no incomplete code points
+        if (is_ascii(*rpptr)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        // Otherwise, work back from the end of the buffer and find the first
+        // UTF-8 leading byte
+        const auto rpend = rbase - rpptr >= 3 ? rpptr + 3 : rbase;
+        const auto leading = std::find_if(rpptr, rpend, is_leading);
+        if (leading == rbase) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        const auto dist = static_cast<size_t>(leading - rpptr);
+        size_t remainder = 0;
+
+        if (dist == 0) {
+            remainder = 1; // 1-byte code point is impossible
+        } else if (dist == 1) {
+            remainder = is_leading_2b(*leading) ? 0 : dist + 1;
+        } else if (dist == 2) {
+            remainder = is_leading_3b(*leading) ? 0 : dist + 1;
+        }
+        // else if (dist >= 3), at least 4 bytes before encountering an UTF-8
+        // leading byte, either no remainder or invalid UTF-8.
+        // Invalid UTF-8 will cause an exception later when converting
+        // to a Python string, so that's not handled here.
+        return remainder;
+    }
+
+    // This function must be non-virtual to be called in a destructor.
+    int _sync() {
+        if (pbase() != pptr()) { // If buffer is not empty
+            gil_scoped_acquire tmp;
+            // This subtraction cannot be negative, so dropping the sign.
+            auto size = static_cast<size_t>(pptr() - pbase());
+            size_t remainder = utf8_remainder();
+
+            if (size > remainder) {
+                str line(pbase(), size - remainder);
+                pywrite(std::move(line));
+                pyflush();
+            }
+
+            // Copy the remainder at the end of the buffer to the beginning:
+            if (remainder > 0) {
+                std::memmove(pbase(), pptr() - remainder, remainder);
+            }
+            setp(pbase(), epptr());
+            pbump(static_cast<int>(remainder));
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int sync() override { return _sync(); }
+
+public:
+    explicit pythonbuf(const object &pyostream, size_t buffer_size = 1024)
+        : buf_size(buffer_size), d_buffer(new char[buf_size]), pywrite(pyostream.attr("write")),
+          pyflush(pyostream.attr("flush")) {
+        setp(d_buffer.get(), d_buffer.get() + buf_size - 1);
+    }
+
+    pythonbuf(pythonbuf &&) = default;
+
+    /// Sync before destroy
+    ~pythonbuf() override { _sync(); }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/** \rst
+    This a move-only guard that redirects output.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/iostream.h>
+
+        ...
+
+        {
+            py::scoped_ostream_redirect output;
+            std::cout << "Hello, World!"; // Python stdout
+        } // <-- return std::cout to normal
+
+    You can explicitly pass the c++ stream and the python object,
+    for example to guard stderr instead.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        {
+            py::scoped_ostream_redirect output{
+                std::cerr, py::module::import("sys").attr("stderr")};
+            std::cout << "Hello, World!";
+        }
+ \endrst */
+class scoped_ostream_redirect {
+protected:
+    std::streambuf *old;
+    std::ostream &costream;
+    detail::pythonbuf buffer;
+
+public:
+    explicit scoped_ostream_redirect(std::ostream &costream = std::cout,
+                                     const object &pyostream
+                                     = module_::import("sys").attr("stdout"))
+        : costream(costream), buffer(pyostream) {
+        old = costream.rdbuf(&buffer);
+    }
+
+    ~scoped_ostream_redirect() { costream.rdbuf(old); }
+
+    scoped_ostream_redirect(const scoped_ostream_redirect &) = delete;
+    scoped_ostream_redirect(scoped_ostream_redirect &&other) = default;
+    scoped_ostream_redirect &operator=(const scoped_ostream_redirect &) = delete;
+    scoped_ostream_redirect &operator=(scoped_ostream_redirect &&) = delete;
+};
+
+/** \rst
+    Like `scoped_ostream_redirect`, but redirects cerr by default. This class
+    is provided primary to make ``py::call_guard`` easier to make.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+     m.def("noisy_func", &noisy_func,
+           py::call_guard<scoped_ostream_redirect,
+                          scoped_estream_redirect>());
+
+\endrst */
+class scoped_estream_redirect : public scoped_ostream_redirect {
+public:
+    explicit scoped_estream_redirect(std::ostream &costream = std::cerr,
+                                     const object &pyostream
+                                     = module_::import("sys").attr("stderr"))
+        : scoped_ostream_redirect(costream, pyostream) {}
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Class to redirect output as a context manager. C++ backend.
+class OstreamRedirect {
+    bool do_stdout_;
+    bool do_stderr_;
+    std::unique_ptr<scoped_ostream_redirect> redirect_stdout;
+    std::unique_ptr<scoped_estream_redirect> redirect_stderr;
+
+public:
+    explicit OstreamRedirect(bool do_stdout = true, bool do_stderr = true)
+        : do_stdout_(do_stdout), do_stderr_(do_stderr) {}
+
+    void enter() {
+        if (do_stdout_) {
+            redirect_stdout.reset(new scoped_ostream_redirect());
+        }
+        if (do_stderr_) {
+            redirect_stderr.reset(new scoped_estream_redirect());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void exit() {
+        redirect_stdout.reset();
+        redirect_stderr.reset();
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/** \rst
+    This is a helper function to add a C++ redirect context manager to Python
+    instead of using a C++ guard. To use it, add the following to your binding code:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        #include <pybind11/iostream.h>
+
+        ...
+
+        py::add_ostream_redirect(m, "ostream_redirect");
+
+    You now have a Python context manager that redirects your output:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with m.ostream_redirect():
+            m.print_to_cout_function()
+
+    This manager can optionally be told which streams to operate on:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with m.ostream_redirect(stdout=true, stderr=true):
+            m.noisy_function_with_error_printing()
+
+ \endrst */
+inline class_<detail::OstreamRedirect>
+add_ostream_redirect(module_ m, const std::string &name = "ostream_redirect") {
+    return class_<detail::OstreamRedirect>(std::move(m), name.c_str(), module_local())
+        .def(init<bool, bool>(), arg("stdout") = true, arg("stderr") = true)
+        .def("__enter__", &detail::OstreamRedirect::enter)
+        .def("__exit__", [](detail::OstreamRedirect &self_, const args &) { self_.exit(); });
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/native_enum.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022-2025 The pybind Community.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/native_enum_data.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeindex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// Conversions between Python's native (stdlib) enum types and C++ enums.
+template <typename EnumType>
+class native_enum : public detail::native_enum_data {
+public:
+    using Underlying = typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type;
+
+    native_enum(const object &parent_scope,
+                const char *name,
+                const char *native_type_name,
+                const char *class_doc = "")
+        : detail::native_enum_data(
+              parent_scope, name, native_type_name, class_doc, std::type_index(typeid(EnumType))) {
+        if (detail::get_local_type_info(typeid(EnumType)) != nullptr
+            || detail::get_global_type_info(typeid(EnumType)) != nullptr) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                + "\") is already registered as a `pybind11::enum_` or `pybind11::class_`!");
+        }
+        if (detail::global_internals_native_enum_type_map_contains(enum_type_index)) {
+            pybind11_fail("pybind11::native_enum<...>(\"" + enum_name_encoded
+                          + "\") is already registered!");
+        }
+        arm_finalize_check();
+    }
+
+    /// Export enumeration entries into the parent scope
+    native_enum &export_values() {
+        assert(!export_values_flag); // Catch redundant calls.
+        export_values_flag = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Add an enumeration entry
+    native_enum &value(char const *name, EnumType value, const char *doc = nullptr) {
+        // Disarm for the case that the native_enum_data dtor runs during exception unwinding.
+        disarm_finalize_check("value after finalize");
+        members.append(make_tuple(name, static_cast<Underlying>(value)));
+        if (doc) {
+            member_docs.append(make_tuple(name, doc));
+        }
+        arm_finalize_check(); // There was no exception.
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    native_enum(const native_enum &) = delete;
+    native_enum &operator=(const native_enum &) = delete;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/operators.h

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/operator.h: Metatemplates for operator overloading
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Enumeration with all supported operator types
+enum op_id : int {
+    op_add,
+    op_sub,
+    op_mul,
+    op_div,
+    op_mod,
+    op_divmod,
+    op_pow,
+    op_lshift,
+    op_rshift,
+    op_and,
+    op_xor,
+    op_or,
+    op_neg,
+    op_pos,
+    op_abs,
+    op_invert,
+    op_int,
+    op_long,
+    op_float,
+    op_str,
+    op_cmp,
+    op_gt,
+    op_ge,
+    op_lt,
+    op_le,
+    op_eq,
+    op_ne,
+    op_iadd,
+    op_isub,
+    op_imul,
+    op_idiv,
+    op_imod,
+    op_ilshift,
+    op_irshift,
+    op_iand,
+    op_ixor,
+    op_ior,
+    op_complex,
+    op_bool,
+    op_nonzero,
+    op_repr,
+    op_truediv,
+    op_itruediv,
+    op_hash
+};
+
+enum op_type : int {
+    op_l, /* base type on left */
+    op_r, /* base type on right */
+    op_u  /* unary operator */
+};
+
+struct self_t {};
+static const self_t self = self_t();
+
+/// Type for an unused type slot
+struct undefined_t {};
+
+/// Don't warn about an unused variable
+inline self_t __self() { return self; }
+
+/// base template of operator implementations
+template <op_id, op_type, typename B, typename L, typename R>
+struct op_impl {};
+
+/// Operator implementation generator
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L, typename R>
+struct op_ {
+    static constexpr bool op_enable_if_hook = true;
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) const {
+        using Base = typename Class::type;
+        using L_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<L, self_t>::value, Base, L>;
+        using R_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<R, self_t>::value, Base, R>;
+        using op = op_impl<id, ot, Base, L_type, R_type>;
+        cl.def(op::name(), &op::execute, is_operator(), extra...);
+    }
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute_cast(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) const {
+        using Base = typename Class::type;
+        using L_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<L, self_t>::value, Base, L>;
+        using R_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<R, self_t>::value, Base, R>;
+        using op = op_impl<id, ot, Base, L_type, R_type>;
+        cl.def(op::name(), &op::execute_cast, is_operator(), extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(id, rid, op, expr)                                               \
+    template <typename B, typename L, typename R>                                                 \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_l, B, L, R> {                                                      \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                       \
+        static auto execute(const L &l, const R &r) -> decltype(expr) { return (expr); }          \
+        static B execute_cast(const L &l, const R &r) { return B(expr); }                         \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    template <typename B, typename L, typename R>                                                 \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_r, B, L, R> {                                                      \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #rid "__"; }                                      \
+        static auto execute(const R &r, const L &l) -> decltype(expr) { return (expr); }          \
+        static B execute_cast(const R &r, const L &l) { return B(expr); }                         \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    inline op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, self_t> op(const self_t &, const self_t &) {                \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, self_t>();                                              \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    template <typename T>                                                                         \
+    op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T> op(const self_t &, const T &) {                                 \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T>();                                                   \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    template <typename T>                                                                         \
+    op_<op_##id, op_r, T, self_t> op(const T &, const self_t &) {                                 \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_r, T, self_t>();                                                   \
+    }
+
+#define PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(id, op, expr)                                                   \
+    template <typename B, typename L, typename R>                                                 \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_l, B, L, R> {                                                      \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                       \
+        static auto execute(L &l, const R &r) -> decltype(expr) { return expr; }                  \
+        static B execute_cast(L &l, const R &r) { return B(expr); }                               \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    template <typename T>                                                                         \
+    op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T> op(const self_t &, const T &) {                                 \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_l, self_t, T>();                                                   \
+    }
+
+#define PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(id, op, expr)                                                     \
+    template <typename B, typename L>                                                             \
+    struct op_impl<op_##id, op_u, B, L, undefined_t> {                                            \
+        static char const *name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                       \
+        static auto execute(const L &l) -> decltype(expr) { return expr; }                        \
+        static B execute_cast(const L &l) { return B(expr); }                                     \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    inline op_<op_##id, op_u, self_t, undefined_t> op(const self_t &) {                           \
+        return op_<op_##id, op_u, self_t, undefined_t>();                                         \
+    }
+
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(sub, rsub, operator-, l - r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(add, radd, operator+, l + r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(mul, rmul, operator*, l *r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(truediv, rtruediv, operator/, l / r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(mod, rmod, operator%, l % r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(lshift, rlshift, operator<<, l << r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(rshift, rrshift, operator>>, l >> r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(and, rand, operator&, l &r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(xor, rxor, operator^, l ^ r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(eq, eq, operator==, l == r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(ne, ne, operator!=, l != r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(or, ror, operator|, l | r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(gt, lt, operator>, l > r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(ge, le, operator>=, l >= r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(lt, gt, operator<, l < r)
+PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(le, ge, operator<=, l <= r)
+// PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR(pow,       rpow,         pow,          std::pow(l,  r))
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(iadd, operator+=, l += r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(isub, operator-=, l -= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(imul, operator*=, l *= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(itruediv, operator/=, l /= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(imod, operator%=, l %= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ilshift, operator<<=, l <<= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(irshift, operator>>=, l >>= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(iand, operator&=, l &= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ixor, operator^=, l ^= r)
+PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR(ior, operator|=, l |= r)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(neg, operator-, -l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(pos, operator+, +l)
+// WARNING: This usage of `abs` should only be done for existing STL overloads.
+// Adding overloads directly in to the `std::` namespace is advised against:
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/extending_std
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(abs, abs, std::abs(l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(hash, hash, std::hash<L>()(l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(invert, operator~, (~l))
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(bool, operator!, !!l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(int, int_, (int) l)
+PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR(float, float_, (double) l)
+
+#undef PYBIND11_BINARY_OPERATOR
+#undef PYBIND11_INPLACE_OPERATOR
+#undef PYBIND11_UNARY_OPERATOR
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+using detail::self;
+// Add named operators so that they are accessible via `py::`.
+using detail::hash;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/options.h

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/options.h: global settings that are configurable at runtime.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+class options {
+public:
+    // Default RAII constructor, which leaves settings as they currently are.
+    options() : previous_state(global_state()) {}
+
+    // Class is non-copyable.
+    options(const options &) = delete;
+    options &operator=(const options &) = delete;
+
+    // Destructor, which restores settings that were in effect before.
+    ~options() { global_state() = previous_state; }
+
+    // Setter methods (affect the global state):
+
+    options &disable_user_defined_docstrings() & {
+        global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &enable_user_defined_docstrings() & {
+        global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &disable_function_signatures() & {
+        global_state().show_function_signatures = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &enable_function_signatures() & {
+        global_state().show_function_signatures = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &disable_enum_members_docstring() & {
+        global_state().show_enum_members_docstring = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    options &enable_enum_members_docstring() & {
+        global_state().show_enum_members_docstring = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Getter methods (return the global state):
+
+    static bool show_user_defined_docstrings() {
+        return global_state().show_user_defined_docstrings;
+    }
+
+    static bool show_function_signatures() { return global_state().show_function_signatures; }
+
+    static bool show_enum_members_docstring() {
+        return global_state().show_enum_members_docstring;
+    }
+
+    // This type is not meant to be allocated on the heap.
+    void *operator new(size_t) = delete;
+
+private:
+    struct state {
+        bool show_user_defined_docstrings = true; //< Include user-supplied texts in docstrings.
+        bool show_function_signatures = true;     //< Include auto-generated function signatures
+                                                  //  in docstrings.
+        bool show_enum_members_docstring = true;  //< Include auto-generated member list in enum
+                                                  //  docstrings.
+    };
+
+    static state &global_state() {
+        static state instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    state previous_state;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/stl.h: Transparent conversion for STL data types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/descr.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <valarray>
+
+// See `detail/common.h` for implementation of these guards.
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL)
+#    include <optional>
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL)
+#    include <experimental/optional>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT)
+#    include <variant>
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+//
+// Begin: Equivalent of
+//        https://github.com/google/clif/blob/ae4eee1de07cdf115c0c9bf9fec9ff28efce6f6c/clif/python/runtime.cc#L388-L438
+/*
+The three `object_is_convertible_to_*()` functions below are
+the result of converging the behaviors of pybind11 and PyCLIF
+(http://github.com/google/clif).
+
+Originally PyCLIF was extremely far on the permissive side of the spectrum,
+while pybind11 was very far on the strict side. Originally PyCLIF accepted any
+Python iterable as input for a C++ `vector`/`set`/`map` argument, as long as
+the elements were convertible. The obvious (in hindsight) problem was that
+any empty Python iterable could be passed to any of these C++ types, e.g. `{}`
+was accepted for C++ `vector`/`set` arguments, or `[]` for C++ `map` arguments.
+
+The functions below strike a practical permissive-vs-strict compromise,
+informed by tens of thousands of use cases in the wild. A main objective is
+to prevent accidents and improve readability:
+
+- Python literals must match the C++ types.
+
+- For C++ `set`: The potentially reducing conversion from a Python sequence
+  (e.g. Python `list` or `tuple`) to a C++ `set` must be explicit, by going
+  through a Python `set`.
+
+- However, a Python `set` can still be passed to a C++ `vector`. The rationale
+  is that this conversion is not reducing. Implicit conversions of this kind
+  are also fairly commonly used, therefore enforcing explicit conversions
+  would have an unfavorable cost : benefit ratio; more sloppily speaking,
+  such an enforcement would be more annoying than helpful.
+
+Additional checks have been added to allow types derived from `collections.abc.Set` and
+`collections.abc.Mapping` (`collections.abc.Sequence` is already allowed by `PySequence_Check`).
+*/
+
+inline bool object_is_instance_with_one_of_tp_names(PyObject *obj,
+                                                    std::initializer_list<const char *> tp_names) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const char *obj_tp_name = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name;
+    for (const auto *tp_name : tp_names) {
+        if (std::strcmp(obj_tp_name, tp_name) == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline bool object_is_convertible_to_std_vector(const handle &src) {
+    // Allow sequence-like objects, but not (byte-)string-like objects.
+    if (PySequence_Check(src.ptr()) != 0) {
+        return !PyUnicode_Check(src.ptr()) && !PyBytes_Check(src.ptr());
+    }
+    // Allow generators, set/frozenset and several common iterable types.
+    return (PyGen_Check(src.ptr()) != 0) || (PyAnySet_Check(src.ptr()) != 0)
+           || object_is_instance_with_one_of_tp_names(
+               src.ptr(), {"dict_keys", "dict_values", "dict_items", "map", "zip"});
+}
+
+inline bool object_is_convertible_to_std_set(const handle &src, bool convert) {
+    // Allow set/frozenset and dict keys.
+    // In convert mode: also allow types derived from collections.abc.Set.
+    return ((PyAnySet_Check(src.ptr()) != 0)
+            || object_is_instance_with_one_of_tp_names(src.ptr(), {"dict_keys"}))
+           || (convert && isinstance(src, module_::import("collections.abc").attr("Set")));
+}
+
+inline bool object_is_convertible_to_std_map(const handle &src, bool convert) {
+    // Allow dict.
+    if (PyDict_Check(src.ptr())) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Allow types conforming to Mapping Protocol.
+    // According to https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/mapping.html, `PyMappingCheck()` checks for
+    // `__getitem__()` without checking the type of keys. In order to restrict the allowed types
+    // closer to actual Mapping-like types, we also check for the `items()` method.
+    if (PyMapping_Check(src.ptr()) != 0) {
+        PyObject *items = PyObject_GetAttrString(src.ptr(), "items");
+        if (items != nullptr) {
+            bool is_convertible = (PyCallable_Check(items) != 0);
+            Py_DECREF(items);
+            if (is_convertible) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+    }
+    // In convert mode: Allow types derived from collections.abc.Mapping
+    return convert && isinstance(src, module_::import("collections.abc").attr("Mapping"));
+}
+
+//
+// End: Equivalent of clif/python/runtime.cc
+//
+
+/// Extracts an const lvalue reference or rvalue reference for U based on the type of T (e.g. for
+/// forwarding a container element).  Typically used indirect via forwarded_type(), below.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+using forwarded_type = conditional_t<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value,
+                                     remove_reference_t<U> &,
+                                     remove_reference_t<U> &&>;
+
+/// Forwards a value U as rvalue or lvalue according to whether T is rvalue or lvalue; typically
+/// used for forwarding a container's elements.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+constexpr forwarded_type<T, U> forward_like(U &&u) {
+    return std::forward<detail::forwarded_type<T, U>>(std::forward<U>(u));
+}
+
+// Checks if a container has a STL style reserve method.
+// This will only return true for a `reserve()` with a `void` return.
+template <typename C>
+using has_reserve_method = std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<C>().reserve(0)), void>;
+
+template <typename Type, typename Key>
+struct set_caster {
+    using type = Type;
+    using key_conv = make_caster<Key>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<has_reserve_method<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(const anyset &s, Type *) {
+        value.reserve(s.size());
+    }
+    void reserve_maybe(const anyset &, void *) {}
+
+    bool convert_iterable(const iterable &itbl, bool convert) {
+        for (const auto &it : itbl) {
+            key_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.insert(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool convert_anyset(const anyset &s, bool convert) {
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        return convert_iterable(s, convert);
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_set(src, convert)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<anyset>(src)) {
+            value.clear();
+            return convert_anyset(reinterpret_borrow<anyset>(src), convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        value.clear();
+        return convert_iterable(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src), convert);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy = return_value_policy_override<Key>::policy(policy);
+        }
+        pybind11::set s;
+        for (auto &&value : src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                key_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_ || !s.add(std::move(value_))) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+        }
+        return s.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type,
+                         io_name("collections.abc.Set", "set") + const_name("[") + key_conv::name
+                             + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Key, typename Value>
+struct map_caster {
+    using key_conv = make_caster<Key>;
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<has_reserve_method<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(const dict &d, Type *) {
+        value.reserve(d.size());
+    }
+    void reserve_maybe(const dict &, void *) {}
+
+    bool convert_elements(const dict &d, bool convert) {
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(d, &value);
+        for (const auto &it : d) {
+            key_conv kconv;
+            value_conv vconv;
+            if (!kconv.load(it.first.ptr(), convert) || !vconv.load(it.second.ptr(), convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.emplace(cast_op<Key &&>(std::move(kconv)), cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(vconv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_map(src, convert)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<dict>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(reinterpret_borrow<dict>(src), convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto items = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyMapping_Items(src.ptr()));
+        if (!items) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(items));
+        return convert_elements(dict(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(items)), convert);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        dict d;
+        return_value_policy policy_key = policy;
+        return_value_policy policy_value = policy;
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy_key = return_value_policy_override<Key>::policy(policy_key);
+            policy_value = return_value_policy_override<Value>::policy(policy_value);
+        }
+        for (auto &&kv : src) {
+            auto key = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                key_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(kv.first), policy_key, parent));
+            auto value = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                value_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(kv.second), policy_value, parent));
+            if (!key || !value) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+            d[std::move(key)] = std::move(value);
+        }
+        return d.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         io_name("collections.abc.Mapping", "dict") + const_name("[")
+                             + key_conv::name + const_name(", ") + value_conv::name
+                             + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Value>
+struct list_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_vector(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(src, convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Designed to be behavior-equivalent to passing tuple(src) from Python:
+        // The conversion to a tuple will first exhaust the generator object, to ensure that
+        // the generator is not left in an unpredictable (to the caller) partially-consumed
+        // state.
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        return convert_elements(tuple(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src)), convert);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<has_reserve_method<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    void reserve_maybe(const sequence &s, Type *) {
+        value.reserve(s.size());
+    }
+    void reserve_maybe(const sequence &, void *) {}
+
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto s = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        value.clear();
+        reserve_maybe(s, &value);
+        for (const auto &it : seq) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value.push_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy = return_value_policy_override<Value>::policy(policy);
+        }
+        list l(src.size());
+        ssize_t index = 0;
+        for (auto &&value : src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                value_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(l.ptr(), index++, value_.release().ptr()); // steals a reference
+        }
+        return l.release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         io_name("collections.abc.Sequence", "list") + const_name("[")
+                             + value_conv::name + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::vector<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::vector<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::deque<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::deque<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
+
+template <typename Type, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>> : list_caster<std::list<Type, Alloc>, Type> {};
+
+template <typename ArrayType, typename V, size_t... I>
+ArrayType vector_to_array_impl(V &&v, index_sequence<I...>) {
+    return {{std::move(v[I])...}};
+}
+
+// Based on https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/array/to_array
+template <typename ArrayType, size_t N, typename V>
+ArrayType vector_to_array(V &&v) {
+    return vector_to_array_impl<ArrayType, V>(std::forward<V>(v), make_index_sequence<N>{});
+}
+
+template <typename ArrayType, typename Value, bool Resizable, size_t Size = 0>
+struct array_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrayType> value;
+
+    template <bool R = Resizable, enable_if_t<R, int> = 0>
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        value.reset(new ArrayType{});
+        // Using `resize` to preserve the behavior exactly as it was before PR #5305
+        // For the `resize` to work, `Value` must be default constructible.
+        // For `std::valarray`, this is a requirement:
+        // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/NumericType
+        value->resize(l.size());
+        size_t ctr = 0;
+        for (const auto &it : l) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            (*value)[ctr++] = cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <bool R = Resizable, enable_if_t<!R, int> = 0>
+    bool convert_elements(handle seq, bool convert) {
+        auto l = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(seq);
+        if (l.size() != Size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // The `temp` storage is needed to support `Value` types that are not
+        // default-constructible.
+        // Deliberate choice: no template specializations, for simplicity, and
+        // because the compile time overhead for the specializations is deemed
+        // more significant than the runtime overhead for the `temp` storage.
+        std::vector<Value> temp;
+        temp.reserve(l.size());
+        for (auto it : l) {
+            value_conv conv;
+            if (!conv.load(it, convert)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            temp.emplace_back(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(conv)));
+        }
+        value.reset(new ArrayType(vector_to_array<ArrayType, Size>(std::move(temp))));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!object_is_convertible_to_std_vector(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+            return convert_elements(src, convert);
+        }
+        if (!convert) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Designed to be behavior-equivalent to passing tuple(src) from Python:
+        // The conversion to a tuple will first exhaust the generator object, to ensure that
+        // the generator is not left in an unpredictable (to the caller) partially-consumed
+        // state.
+        assert(isinstance<iterable>(src));
+        return convert_elements(tuple(reinterpret_borrow<iterable>(src)), convert);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        list l(src.size());
+        ssize_t index = 0;
+        for (auto &&value : src) {
+            auto value_ = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+                value_conv::cast(detail::forward_like<T>(value), policy, parent));
+            if (!value_) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(l.ptr(), index++, value_.release().ptr()); // steals a reference
+        }
+        return l.release();
+    }
+
+    // Code copied from PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER macro.
+    // Intentionally preserving the behavior exactly as it was before PR #5305
+    template <typename T_, enable_if_t<std::is_same<ArrayType, remove_cv_t<T_>>::value, int> = 0>
+    static handle cast(T_ *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership) {
+            auto h = cast(std::move(*src), policy, parent);
+            delete src; // WARNING: Assumes `src` was allocated with `new`.
+            return h;
+        }
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType *() { return &(*value); }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType &() { return *value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator ArrayType &&() && { return std::move(*value); }
+
+    template <typename T_>
+    using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T_>;
+
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""), const_name("typing.Annotated["))
+          + io_name("collections.abc.Sequence", "list") + const_name("[") + value_conv::name
+          + const_name("]")
+          + const_name<Resizable>(const_name(""),
+                                  const_name(", \"FixedSize(") + const_name<Size>()
+                                      + const_name(")\"]"));
+};
+
+template <typename Type, size_t Size>
+struct type_caster<std::array<Type, Size>>
+    : array_caster<std::array<Type, Size>, Type, false, Size> {};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<std::valarray<Type>> : array_caster<std::valarray<Type>, Type, true> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Compare, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::set<Key, Compare, Alloc>>
+    : set_caster<std::set<Key, Compare, Alloc>, Key> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Hash, typename Equal, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Equal, Alloc>>
+    : set_caster<std::unordered_set<Key, Hash, Equal, Alloc>, Key> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Alloc>>
+    : map_caster<std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Alloc>, Key, Value> {};
+
+template <typename Key, typename Value, typename Hash, typename Equal, typename Alloc>
+struct type_caster<std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, Equal, Alloc>>
+    : map_caster<std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, Equal, Alloc>, Key, Value> {};
+
+// This type caster is intended to be used for std::optional and std::experimental::optional
+template <typename Type, typename Value = typename Type::value_type>
+struct optional_caster {
+    using value_conv = make_caster<Value>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+        if (!std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value) {
+            policy = return_value_policy_override<Value>::policy(policy);
+        }
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
+        return value_conv::cast(*std::forward<T>(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            return true; // default-constructed value is already empty
+        }
+        value_conv inner_caster;
+        if (!inner_caster.load(src, convert)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value.emplace(cast_op<Value &&>(std::move(inner_caster)));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, value_conv::name | make_caster<none>::name);
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL)
+template <typename T>
+struct type_caster<std::optional<T>> : public optional_caster<std::optional<T>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::nullopt_t> : public void_caster<std::nullopt_t> {};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL)
+template <typename T>
+struct type_caster<std::experimental::optional<T>>
+    : public optional_caster<std::experimental::optional<T>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::experimental::nullopt_t>
+    : public void_caster<std::experimental::nullopt_t> {};
+#endif
+
+/// Visit a variant and cast any found type to Python
+struct variant_caster_visitor {
+    return_value_policy policy;
+    handle parent;
+
+    using result_type = handle; // required by boost::variant in C++11
+
+    template <typename T>
+    result_type operator()(T &&src) const {
+        return make_caster<T>::cast(std::forward<T>(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Helper class which abstracts away variant's `visit` function. `std::variant` and similar
+/// `namespace::variant` types which provide a `namespace::visit()` function are handled here
+/// automatically using argument-dependent lookup. Users can provide specializations for other
+/// variant-like classes, e.g. `boost::variant` and `boost::apply_visitor`.
+template <template <typename...> class Variant>
+struct visit_helper {
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static auto call(Args &&...args) -> decltype(visit(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+        return visit(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Generic variant caster
+template <typename Variant>
+struct variant_caster;
+
+template <template <typename...> class V, typename... Ts>
+struct variant_caster<V<Ts...>> {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(Ts) > 0, "Variant must consist of at least one alternative.");
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Us>
+    bool load_alternative(handle src, bool convert, type_list<U, Us...>) {
+        auto caster = make_caster<U>();
+        if (caster.load(src, convert)) {
+            value = cast_op<U>(std::move(caster));
+            return true;
+        }
+        return load_alternative(src, convert, type_list<Us...>{});
+    }
+
+    bool load_alternative(handle, bool, type_list<>) { return false; }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // Do a first pass without conversions to improve constructor resolution.
+        // E.g. `py::int_(1).cast<variant<double, int>>()` needs to fill the `int`
+        // slot of the variant. Without two-pass loading `double` would be filled
+        // because it appears first and a conversion is possible.
+        if (convert && load_alternative(src, false, type_list<Ts...>{})) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return load_alternative(src, convert, type_list<Ts...>{});
+    }
+
+    template <typename Variant>
+    static handle cast(Variant &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return visit_helper<V>::call(variant_caster_visitor{policy, parent},
+                                     std::forward<Variant>(src));
+    }
+
+    using Type = V<Ts...>;
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type, ::pybind11::detail::union_concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...));
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT)
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct type_caster<std::variant<Ts...>> : variant_caster<std::variant<Ts...>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::monostate> : public void_caster<std::monostate> {};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const handle &obj) {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+    os << str(obj).cast<std::string_view>();
+#else
+    os << (std::string) str(obj);
+#endif
+    return os;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl/filesystem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/cast.h>
+#include <pybind11/detail/common.h>
+#include <pybind11/detail/descr.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM)
+#    include <filesystem>
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+#    include <experimental/filesystem>
+#else
+#    error "Neither #include <filesystem> nor #include <experimental/filesystem is available."
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#ifdef PYPY_VERSION
+#    define PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(...) (__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(...)                                   \
+        (reinterpret_cast<void *>(__VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM) || defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+template <typename T>
+struct path_caster {
+
+private:
+    static PyObject *unicode_from_fs_native(const std::string &w) {
+#    if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize(w.c_str(), ssize_t(w.size()));
+#    else
+        // PyPy mistakenly declares the first parameter as non-const.
+        return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize(const_cast<char *>(w.c_str()), ssize_t(w.size()));
+#    endif
+    }
+
+    static PyObject *unicode_from_fs_native(const std::wstring &w) {
+        return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(w.c_str(), ssize_t(w.size()));
+    }
+
+public:
+    static handle cast(const T &path, return_value_policy, handle) {
+        if (auto py_str = unicode_from_fs_native(path.native())) {
+            return module_::import("pathlib")
+                .attr("Path")(reinterpret_steal<object>(py_str))
+                .release();
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle handle, bool) {
+        // PyUnicode_FSConverter and PyUnicode_FSDecoder normally take care of
+        // calling PyOS_FSPath themselves, but that's broken on PyPy (PyPy
+        // issue #3168) so we do it ourselves instead.
+        PyObject *buf = PyOS_FSPath(handle.ptr());
+        if (!buf) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        PyObject *native = nullptr;
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<typename T::value_type, char>) {
+            if (PyUnicode_FSConverter(buf, PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(&native))
+                != 0) {
+                if (auto *c_str = PyBytes_AsString(native)) {
+                    // AsString returns a pointer to the internal buffer, which
+                    // must not be free'd.
+                    value = c_str;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<typename T::value_type, wchar_t>) {
+            if (PyUnicode_FSDecoder(buf, PYBIND11_REINTERPRET_CAST_VOID_PTR_IF_NOT_PYPY(&native))
+                != 0) {
+                if (auto *c_str = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(native, nullptr)) {
+                    // AsWideCharString returns a new string that must be free'd.
+                    value = c_str; // Copies the string.
+                    PyMem_Free(c_str);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(native);
+        Py_DECREF(buf);
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(T, io_name("os.PathLike | str | bytes", "pathlib.Path"));
+};
+
+#endif // PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM || defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_FILESYSTEM)
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::filesystem::path> : public path_caster<std::filesystem::path> {};
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM)
+template <>
+struct type_caster<std::experimental::filesystem::path>
+    : public path_caster<std::experimental::filesystem::path> {};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/stl_bind.h

@@ -0,0 +1,858 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/std_bind.h: Binding generators for STL data types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Sergey Lyskov and Wenzel Jakob
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "operators.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* SFINAE helper class used by 'is_comparable */
+template <typename T>
+struct container_traits {
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::true_type
+    test_comparable(decltype(std::declval<const T2 &>() == std::declval<const T2 &>()) *);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::false_type test_comparable(...);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::true_type test_value(typename T2::value_type *);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::false_type test_value(...);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::true_type test_pair(typename T2::first_type *, typename T2::second_type *);
+    template <typename T2>
+    static std::false_type test_pair(...);
+
+    static constexpr const bool is_comparable
+        = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_comparable<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_pair
+        = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_pair<T>(nullptr, nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_vector
+        = std::is_same<std::true_type, decltype(test_value<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+    static constexpr const bool is_element = !is_pair && !is_vector;
+};
+
+/* Default: is_comparable -> std::false_type */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct is_comparable : std::false_type {};
+
+/* For non-map data structures, check whether operator== can be instantiated */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<
+    T,
+    enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_element && container_traits<T>::is_comparable>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+/* For a vector/map data structure, recursively check the value type
+   (which is std::pair for maps) */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_vector>>
+    : is_comparable<typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively> {};
+
+template <>
+struct is_comparable<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+/* For pairs, recursively check the two data types */
+template <typename T>
+struct is_comparable<T, enable_if_t<container_traits<T>::is_pair>> {
+    static constexpr const bool value = is_comparable<typename T::first_type>::value
+                                        && is_comparable<typename T::second_type>::value;
+};
+
+/* Fallback functions */
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_if_copy_constructible(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_if_equal_operator(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_if_insertion_operator(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void vector_modifiers(const Args &...) {}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_if_copy_constructible(enable_if_t<is_copy_constructible<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    cl.def(init<const Vector &>(), "Copy constructor");
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_if_equal_operator(enable_if_t<is_comparable<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+
+    cl.def(self == self);
+    cl.def(self != self);
+
+    cl.def(
+        "count",
+        [](const Vector &v, const T &x) { return std::count(v.begin(), v.end(), x); },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Return the number of times ``x`` appears in the list");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "remove",
+        [](Vector &v, const T &x) {
+            auto p = std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), x);
+            if (p != v.end()) {
+                v.erase(p);
+            } else {
+                throw value_error();
+            }
+        },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Remove the first item from the list whose value is x. "
+        "It is an error if there is no such item.");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__contains__",
+        [](const Vector &v, const T &x) { return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), x) != v.end(); },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Return true the container contains ``x``");
+}
+
+// Vector modifiers -- requires a copyable vector_type:
+// (Technically, some of these (pop and __delitem__) don't actually require copyability, but it
+// seems silly to allow deletion but not insertion, so include them here too.)
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_modifiers(
+    enable_if_t<is_copy_constructible<typename Vector::value_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+
+    auto wrap_i = [](DiffType i, SizeType n) {
+        if (i < 0) {
+            i += n;
+        }
+        if (i < 0 || (SizeType) i >= n) {
+            throw index_error();
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+
+    cl.def(
+        "append",
+        [](Vector &v, const T &value) { v.push_back(value); },
+        arg("x"),
+        "Add an item to the end of the list");
+
+    cl.def(init([](const iterable &it) {
+        auto v = std::unique_ptr<Vector>(new Vector());
+        v->reserve(len_hint(it));
+        for (handle h : it) {
+            v->push_back(h.cast<T>());
+        }
+        return v.release();
+    }));
+
+    cl.def("clear", [](Vector &v) { v.clear(); }, "Clear the contents");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "extend",
+        [](Vector &v, const Vector &src) { v.insert(v.end(), src.begin(), src.end()); },
+        arg("L"),
+        "Extend the list by appending all the items in the given list");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "extend",
+        [](Vector &v, const iterable &it) {
+            const size_t old_size = v.size();
+            v.reserve(old_size + len_hint(it));
+            try {
+                for (handle h : it) {
+                    v.push_back(h.cast<T>());
+                }
+            } catch (const cast_error &) {
+                v.erase(v.begin() + static_cast<typename Vector::difference_type>(old_size),
+                        v.end());
+                try {
+                    v.shrink_to_fit();
+                } catch (const std::exception &) { // NOLINT(bugprone-empty-catch)
+                    // Do nothing
+                }
+                throw;
+            }
+        },
+        arg("L"),
+        "Extend the list by appending all the items in the given list");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "insert",
+        [](Vector &v, DiffType i, const T &x) {
+            // Can't use wrap_i; i == v.size() is OK
+            if (i < 0) {
+                i += v.size();
+            }
+            if (i < 0 || (SizeType) i > v.size()) {
+                throw index_error();
+            }
+            v.insert(v.begin() + i, x);
+        },
+        arg("i"),
+        arg("x"),
+        "Insert an item at a given position.");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "pop",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            if (v.empty()) {
+                throw index_error();
+            }
+            T t = std::move(v.back());
+            v.pop_back();
+            return t;
+        },
+        "Remove and return the last item");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "pop",
+        [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i) {
+            i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+            T t = std::move(v[(SizeType) i]);
+            v.erase(std::next(v.begin(), i));
+            return t;
+        },
+        arg("i"),
+        "Remove and return the item at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__", [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i, const T &t) {
+        i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+        v[(SizeType) i] = t;
+    });
+
+    /// Slicing protocol
+    cl.def(
+        "__getitem__",
+        [](const Vector &v, const slice &slice) -> Vector * {
+            size_t start = 0, stop = 0, step = 0, slicelength = 0;
+
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength)) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+
+            auto *seq = new Vector();
+            seq->reserve((size_t) slicelength);
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                seq->push_back(v[start]);
+                start += step;
+            }
+            return seq;
+        },
+        arg("s"),
+        "Retrieve list elements using a slice object");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__setitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, const slice &slice, const Vector &value) {
+            size_t start = 0, stop = 0, step = 0, slicelength = 0;
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength)) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+
+            if (slicelength != value.size()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    "Left and right hand size of slice assignment have different sizes!");
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                v[start] = value[i];
+                start += step;
+            }
+        },
+        "Assign list elements using a slice object");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__delitem__",
+        [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i) {
+            i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+            v.erase(v.begin() + i);
+        },
+        "Delete the list elements at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__delitem__",
+        [](Vector &v, const slice &slice) {
+            size_t start = 0, stop = 0, step = 0, slicelength = 0;
+
+            if (!slice.compute(v.size(), &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength)) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+
+            if (step == 1 && false) {
+                v.erase(v.begin() + (DiffType) start, v.begin() + DiffType(start + slicelength));
+            } else {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < slicelength; ++i) {
+                    v.erase(v.begin() + DiffType(start));
+                    start += step - 1;
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "Delete list elements using a slice object");
+}
+
+// If the type has an operator[] that doesn't return a reference (most notably std::vector<bool>),
+// we have to access by copying; otherwise we return by reference.
+template <typename Vector>
+using vector_needs_copy
+    = negation<std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<Vector>()[typename Vector::size_type()]),
+                            typename Vector::value_type &>>;
+
+// The usual case: access and iterate by reference
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_accessor(enable_if_t<!vector_needs_copy<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+    using ItType = typename Vector::iterator;
+
+    auto wrap_i = [](DiffType i, SizeType n) {
+        if (i < 0) {
+            i += n;
+        }
+        if (i < 0 || (SizeType) i >= n) {
+            throw index_error();
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__getitem__",
+        [wrap_i](Vector &v, DiffType i) -> T & {
+            i = wrap_i(i, v.size());
+            return v[(SizeType) i];
+        },
+        return_value_policy::reference_internal // ref + keepalive
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__iter__",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            return make_iterator<return_value_policy::reference_internal, ItType, ItType, T &>(
+                v.begin(), v.end());
+        },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+}
+
+// The case for special objects, like std::vector<bool>, that have to be returned-by-copy:
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+void vector_accessor(enable_if_t<vector_needs_copy<Vector>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+    using SizeType = typename Vector::size_type;
+    using DiffType = typename Vector::difference_type;
+    using ItType = typename Vector::iterator;
+    cl.def("__getitem__", [](const Vector &v, DiffType i) -> T {
+        if (i < 0) {
+            i += v.size();
+            if (i < 0) {
+                throw index_error();
+            }
+        }
+        auto i_st = static_cast<SizeType>(i);
+        if (i_st >= v.size()) {
+            throw index_error();
+        }
+        return v[i_st];
+    });
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__iter__",
+        [](Vector &v) {
+            return make_iterator<return_value_policy::copy, ItType, ItType, T>(v.begin(), v.end());
+        },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep list alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_>
+auto vector_if_insertion_operator(Class_ &cl, std::string const &name)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream &>() << std::declval<typename Vector::value_type>(),
+                void()) {
+    using size_type = typename Vector::size_type;
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__repr__",
+        [name](Vector &v) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << name << '[';
+            for (size_type i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
+                s << v[i];
+                if (i != v.size() - 1) {
+                    s << ", ";
+                }
+            }
+            s << ']';
+            return s.str();
+        },
+        "Return the canonical string representation of this list.");
+}
+
+// Provide the buffer interface for vectors if we have data() and we have a format for it
+// GCC seems to have "void std::vector<bool>::data()" - doing SFINAE on the existence of data()
+// is insufficient, we need to check it returns an appropriate pointer
+template <typename Vector, typename = void>
+struct vector_has_data_and_format : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Vector>
+struct vector_has_data_and_format<
+    Vector,
+    enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(format_descriptor<typename Vector::value_type>::format(),
+                                      std::declval<Vector>().data()),
+                             typename Vector::value_type *>::value>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// [workaround(intel)] Separate function required here
+// Workaround as the Intel compiler does not compile the enable_if_t part below
+// (tested with icc (ICC) 2021.1 Beta 20200827)
+template <typename... Args>
+constexpr bool args_any_are_buffer() {
+    return detail::any_of<std::is_same<Args, buffer_protocol>...>::value;
+}
+
+// [workaround(intel)] Separate function required here
+// [workaround(msvc)] Can't use constexpr bool in return type
+
+// Add the buffer interface to a vector
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+void vector_buffer_impl(Class_ &cl, std::true_type) {
+    using T = typename Vector::value_type;
+
+    static_assert(vector_has_data_and_format<Vector>::value,
+                  "There is not an appropriate format descriptor for this vector");
+
+    // numpy.h declares this for arbitrary types, but it may raise an exception and crash hard
+    // at runtime if PYBIND11_NUMPY_DTYPE hasn't been called, so check here
+    format_descriptor<T>::format();
+
+    cl.def_buffer([](Vector &v) -> buffer_info {
+        return buffer_info(v.data(),
+                           static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T)),
+                           format_descriptor<T>::format(),
+                           1,
+                           {v.size()},
+                           {sizeof(T)});
+    });
+
+    cl.def(init([](const buffer &buf) {
+        auto info = buf.request();
+        if (info.ndim != 1 || info.strides[0] % static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T))) {
+            throw type_error("Only valid 1D buffers can be copied to a vector");
+        }
+        if (!detail::compare_buffer_info<T>::compare(info)
+            || (ssize_t) sizeof(T) != info.itemsize) {
+            throw type_error("Format mismatch (Python: " + info.format
+                             + " C++: " + format_descriptor<T>::format() + ")");
+        }
+
+        T *p = static_cast<T *>(info.ptr);
+        ssize_t step = info.strides[0] / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(T));
+        T *end = p + info.shape[0] * step;
+        if (step == 1) {
+            return Vector(p, end);
+        }
+        Vector vec;
+        vec.reserve((size_t) info.shape[0]);
+        for (; p != end; p += step) {
+            vec.push_back(*p);
+        }
+        return vec;
+    }));
+
+    return;
+}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+void vector_buffer_impl(Class_ &, std::false_type) {}
+
+template <typename Vector, typename Class_, typename... Args>
+void vector_buffer(Class_ &cl) {
+    vector_buffer_impl<Vector, Class_, Args...>(
+        cl, detail::any_of<std::is_same<Args, buffer_protocol>...>{});
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+//
+// std::vector
+//
+template <typename Vector, typename holder_type = default_holder_type<Vector>, typename... Args>
+class_<Vector, holder_type> bind_vector(handle scope, std::string const &name, Args &&...args) {
+    using Class_ = class_<Vector, holder_type>;
+
+    // If the value_type is unregistered (e.g. a converting type) or is itself registered
+    // module-local then make the vector binding module-local as well:
+    using vtype = typename Vector::value_type;
+    auto *vtype_info = detail::get_type_info(typeid(vtype));
+    bool local = !vtype_info || vtype_info->module_local;
+
+    Class_ cl(scope, name.c_str(), pybind11::module_local(local), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    // Declare the buffer interface if a buffer_protocol() is passed in
+    detail::vector_buffer<Vector, Class_, Args...>(cl);
+
+    cl.def(init<>());
+
+    // Register copy constructor (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_copy_constructible<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Register comparison-related operators and functions (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_equal_operator<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Register stream insertion operator (if possible)
+    detail::vector_if_insertion_operator<Vector, Class_>(cl, name);
+
+    // Modifiers require copyable vector value type
+    detail::vector_modifiers<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    // Accessor and iterator; return by value if copyable, otherwise we return by ref + keep-alive
+    detail::vector_accessor<Vector, Class_>(cl);
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__bool__",
+        [](const Vector &v) -> bool { return !v.empty(); },
+        "Check whether the list is nonempty");
+
+    cl.def("__len__", [](const Vector &vec) { return vec.size(); });
+
+#if 0
+    // C++ style functions deprecated, leaving it here as an example
+    cl.def(init<size_type>());
+
+    cl.def("resize",
+         (void (Vector::*) (size_type count)) & Vector::resize,
+         "changes the number of elements stored");
+
+    cl.def("erase",
+        [](Vector &v, SizeType i) {
+        if (i >= v.size())
+            throw index_error();
+        v.erase(v.begin() + i);
+    }, "erases element at index ``i``");
+
+    cl.def("empty",         &Vector::empty,         "checks whether the container is empty");
+    cl.def("size",          &Vector::size,          "returns the number of elements");
+    cl.def("push_back", (void (Vector::*)(const T&)) &Vector::push_back, "adds an element to the end");
+    cl.def("pop_back",                               &Vector::pop_back, "removes the last element");
+
+    cl.def("max_size",      &Vector::max_size,      "returns the maximum possible number of elements");
+    cl.def("reserve",       &Vector::reserve,       "reserves storage");
+    cl.def("capacity",      &Vector::capacity,      "returns the number of elements that can be held in currently allocated storage");
+    cl.def("shrink_to_fit", &Vector::shrink_to_fit, "reduces memory usage by freeing unused memory");
+
+    cl.def("clear", &Vector::clear, "clears the contents");
+    cl.def("swap",   &Vector::swap, "swaps the contents");
+
+    cl.def("front", [](Vector &v) {
+        if (v.size()) return v.front();
+        else throw index_error();
+    }, "access the first element");
+
+    cl.def("back", [](Vector &v) {
+        if (v.size()) return v.back();
+        else throw index_error();
+    }, "access the last element ");
+
+#endif
+
+    return cl;
+}
+
+//
+// std::map, std::unordered_map
+//
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/* Fallback functions */
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void map_if_insertion_operator(const Args &...) {}
+template <typename, typename, typename... Args>
+void map_assignment(const Args &...) {}
+
+// Map assignment when copy-assignable: just copy the value
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+void map_assignment(
+    enable_if_t<is_copy_assignable<typename Map::mapped_type>::value, Class_> &cl) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k, const MappedType &v) {
+        auto it = m.find(k);
+        if (it != m.end()) {
+            it->second = v;
+        } else {
+            m.emplace(k, v);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// Not copy-assignable, but still copy-constructible: we can update the value by erasing and
+// reinserting
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+void map_assignment(enable_if_t<!is_copy_assignable<typename Map::mapped_type>::value
+                                    && is_copy_constructible<typename Map::mapped_type>::value,
+                                Class_> &cl) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+
+    cl.def("__setitem__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k, const MappedType &v) {
+        // We can't use m[k] = v; because value type might not be default constructable
+        auto r = m.emplace(k, v);
+        if (!r.second) {
+            // value type is not copy assignable so the only way to insert it is to erase it
+            // first...
+            m.erase(r.first);
+            m.emplace(k, v);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+template <typename Map, typename Class_>
+auto map_if_insertion_operator(Class_ &cl, std::string const &name)
+    -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream &>() << std::declval<typename Map::key_type>()
+                                               << std::declval<typename Map::mapped_type>(),
+                void()) {
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__repr__",
+        [name](Map &m) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << name << '{';
+            bool f = false;
+            for (auto const &kv : m) {
+                if (f) {
+                    s << ", ";
+                }
+                s << kv.first << ": " << kv.second;
+                f = true;
+            }
+            s << '}';
+            return s.str();
+        },
+        "Return the canonical string representation of this map.");
+}
+
+struct keys_view {
+    virtual size_t len() = 0;
+    virtual iterator iter() = 0;
+    virtual bool contains(const handle &k) = 0;
+    virtual ~keys_view() = default;
+};
+
+struct values_view {
+    virtual size_t len() = 0;
+    virtual iterator iter() = 0;
+    virtual ~values_view() = default;
+};
+
+struct items_view {
+    virtual size_t len() = 0;
+    virtual iterator iter() = 0;
+    virtual ~items_view() = default;
+};
+
+template <typename Map>
+struct KeysViewImpl : public detail::keys_view {
+    explicit KeysViewImpl(Map &map) : map(map) {}
+    size_t len() override { return map.size(); }
+    iterator iter() override { return make_key_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); }
+    bool contains(const handle &k) override {
+        try {
+            return map.find(k.template cast<typename Map::key_type>()) != map.end();
+        } catch (const cast_error &) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    Map &map;
+};
+
+template <typename Map>
+struct ValuesViewImpl : public detail::values_view {
+    explicit ValuesViewImpl(Map &map) : map(map) {}
+    size_t len() override { return map.size(); }
+    iterator iter() override { return make_value_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); }
+    Map &map;
+};
+
+template <typename Map>
+struct ItemsViewImpl : public detail::items_view {
+    explicit ItemsViewImpl(Map &map) : map(map) {}
+    size_t len() override { return map.size(); }
+    iterator iter() override { return make_iterator(map.begin(), map.end()); }
+    Map &map;
+};
+
+inline str format_message_key_error_key_object(handle py_key) {
+    str message = "pybind11::bind_map key";
+    if (!py_key) {
+        return message;
+    }
+    try {
+        message = str(py_key);
+    } catch (const std::exception &) {
+        try {
+            message = repr(py_key);
+        } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            return message;
+        }
+    }
+    const ssize_t cut_length = 100;
+    if (len(message) > 2 * cut_length + 3) {
+        return str(message[slice(0, cut_length, 1)]) + str("✄✄✄")
+               + str(message[slice(-cut_length, static_cast<ssize_t>(len(message)), 1)]);
+    }
+    return message;
+}
+
+template <typename KeyType>
+str format_message_key_error(const KeyType &key) {
+    object py_key;
+    try {
+        py_key = cast(key);
+    } catch (const std::exception &) {
+        do { // Trick to avoid "empty catch" warning/error.
+        } while (false);
+    }
+    return format_message_key_error_key_object(py_key);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+template <typename Map, typename holder_type = default_holder_type<Map>, typename... Args>
+class_<Map, holder_type> bind_map(handle scope, const std::string &name, Args &&...args) {
+    using KeyType = typename Map::key_type;
+    using MappedType = typename Map::mapped_type;
+    using KeysView = detail::keys_view;
+    using ValuesView = detail::values_view;
+    using ItemsView = detail::items_view;
+    using Class_ = class_<Map, holder_type>;
+
+    // If either type is a non-module-local bound type then make the map binding non-local as well;
+    // otherwise (e.g. both types are either module-local or converting) the map will be
+    // module-local.
+    auto *tinfo = detail::get_type_info(typeid(MappedType));
+    bool local = !tinfo || tinfo->module_local;
+    if (local) {
+        tinfo = detail::get_type_info(typeid(KeyType));
+        local = !tinfo || tinfo->module_local;
+    }
+
+    Class_ cl(scope, name.c_str(), pybind11::module_local(local), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    // Wrap KeysView if it wasn't already wrapped
+    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(KeysView))) {
+        class_<KeysView> keys_view(scope, "KeysView", pybind11::module_local(local));
+        keys_view.def("__len__", &KeysView::len);
+        keys_view.def("__iter__",
+                      &KeysView::iter,
+                      keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep view alive while iterator exists */
+        );
+        keys_view.def("__contains__", &KeysView::contains);
+    }
+    // Similarly for ValuesView:
+    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(ValuesView))) {
+        class_<ValuesView> values_view(scope, "ValuesView", pybind11::module_local(local));
+        values_view.def("__len__", &ValuesView::len);
+        values_view.def("__iter__",
+                        &ValuesView::iter,
+                        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep view alive while iterator exists */
+        );
+    }
+    // Similarly for ItemsView:
+    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(ItemsView))) {
+        class_<ItemsView> items_view(scope, "ItemsView", pybind11::module_local(local));
+        items_view.def("__len__", &ItemsView::len);
+        items_view.def("__iter__",
+                       &ItemsView::iter,
+                       keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep view alive while iterator exists */
+        );
+    }
+
+    cl.def(init<>());
+
+    // Register stream insertion operator (if possible)
+    detail::map_if_insertion_operator<Map, Class_>(cl, name);
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__bool__",
+        [](const Map &m) -> bool { return !m.empty(); },
+        "Check whether the map is nonempty");
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__iter__",
+        [](Map &m) { return make_key_iterator(m.begin(), m.end()); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while iterator exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "keys",
+        [](Map &m) { return std::unique_ptr<KeysView>(new detail::KeysViewImpl<Map>(m)); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while view exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "values",
+        [](Map &m) { return std::unique_ptr<ValuesView>(new detail::ValuesViewImpl<Map>(m)); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while view exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "items",
+        [](Map &m) { return std::unique_ptr<ItemsView>(new detail::ItemsViewImpl<Map>(m)); },
+        keep_alive<0, 1>() /* Essential: keep map alive while view exists */
+    );
+
+    cl.def(
+        "__getitem__",
+        [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) -> MappedType & {
+            auto it = m.find(k);
+            if (it == m.end()) {
+                set_error(PyExc_KeyError, detail::format_message_key_error(k));
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+            return it->second;
+        },
+        return_value_policy::reference_internal // ref + keepalive
+    );
+
+    cl.def("__contains__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) -> bool {
+        auto it = m.find(k);
+        if (it == m.end()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    });
+    // Fallback for when the object is not of the key type
+    cl.def("__contains__", [](Map &, const object &) -> bool { return false; });
+
+    // Assignment provided only if the type is copyable
+    detail::map_assignment<Map, Class_>(cl);
+
+    cl.def("__delitem__", [](Map &m, const KeyType &k) {
+        auto it = m.find(k);
+        if (it == m.end()) {
+            set_error(PyExc_KeyError, detail::format_message_key_error(k));
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        m.erase(it);
+    });
+
+    // Always use a lambda in case of `using` declaration
+    cl.def("__len__", [](const Map &m) { return m.size(); });
+
+    return cl;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/subinterpreter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/subinterpreter.h: Support for creating and using subinterpreters
+
+    Copyright (c) 2025 The Pybind Development Team.
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/internals.h"
+#include "gil.h"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_HAS_SUBINTERPRETER_SUPPORT
+#    error "This platform does not support subinterpreters, do not include this file."
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+inline PyInterpreterState *get_interpreter_state_unchecked() {
+    auto cur_tstate = get_thread_state_unchecked();
+    if (cur_tstate)
+        return cur_tstate->interp;
+    else
+        return nullptr;
+}
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+class subinterpreter;
+
+/// Activate the subinterpreter and acquire its GIL, while also releasing any GIL and interpreter
+/// currently held. Upon exiting the scope, the previous subinterpreter (if any) and its
+/// associated GIL are restored to their state as they were before the scope was entered.
+class subinterpreter_scoped_activate {
+public:
+    explicit subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter const &si);
+    ~subinterpreter_scoped_activate();
+
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter_scoped_activate &&) = delete;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter_scoped_activate const &) = delete;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate &operator=(subinterpreter_scoped_activate &) = delete;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate &operator=(subinterpreter_scoped_activate const &) = delete;
+
+private:
+    PyThreadState *old_tstate_ = nullptr;
+    PyThreadState *tstate_ = nullptr;
+    PyGILState_STATE gil_state_;
+    bool simple_gil_ = false;
+};
+
+/// Holds a Python subinterpreter instance
+class subinterpreter {
+public:
+    /// empty/unusable, but move-assignable.  use create() to create a subinterpreter.
+    subinterpreter() = default;
+
+    subinterpreter(subinterpreter const &copy) = delete;
+    subinterpreter &operator=(subinterpreter const &copy) = delete;
+
+    subinterpreter(subinterpreter &&old) noexcept
+        : istate_(old.istate_), creation_tstate_(old.creation_tstate_) {
+        old.istate_ = nullptr;
+        old.creation_tstate_ = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    subinterpreter &operator=(subinterpreter &&old) noexcept {
+        std::swap(old.istate_, istate_);
+        std::swap(old.creation_tstate_, creation_tstate_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new subinterpreter with the specified configuration
+    /// @note This function acquires (and then releases) the main interpreter GIL, but the main
+    /// interpreter and its GIL are not required to be held prior to calling this function.
+    static inline subinterpreter create(PyInterpreterConfig const &cfg) {
+
+        error_scope err_scope;
+        subinterpreter result;
+        {
+            // we must hold the main GIL in order to create a subinterpreter
+            subinterpreter_scoped_activate main_guard(main());
+
+            auto prev_tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
+
+            PyStatus status;
+
+            {
+                /*
+                Several internal CPython modules are lacking proper subinterpreter support in 3.12
+                even though it is "stable" in that version.  This most commonly seems to cause
+                crashes when two interpreters concurrently initialize, which imports several things
+                (like builtins, unicode, codecs).
+                */
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000 && defined(Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED)
+                static std::mutex one_at_a_time;
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(one_at_a_time);
+#endif
+                status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&result.creation_tstate_, &cfg);
+            }
+
+            // this doesn't raise a normal Python exception, it provides an exit() status code.
+            if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
+                pybind11_fail("failed to create new sub-interpreter");
+            }
+
+            // upon success, the new interpreter is activated in this thread
+            result.istate_ = result.creation_tstate_->interp;
+            detail::get_num_interpreters_seen() += 1; // there are now many interpreters
+            detail::get_internals(); // initialize internals.tstate, amongst other things...
+
+            // In 3.13+ this state should be deleted right away, and the memory will be reused for
+            // the next threadstate on this interpreter. However, on 3.12 we cannot do that, we
+            // must keep it around (but not use it) ... see destructor.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+            PyThreadState_Clear(result.creation_tstate_);
+            PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent();
+#endif
+
+            // we have to switch back to main, and then the scopes will handle cleanup
+            PyThreadState_Swap(prev_tstate);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// Calls create() with a default configuration of an isolated interpreter that disallows fork,
+    /// exec, and Python threads.
+    static inline subinterpreter create() {
+        // same as the default config in the python docs
+        PyInterpreterConfig cfg;
+        std::memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
+        cfg.allow_threads = 1;
+        cfg.check_multi_interp_extensions = 1;
+        cfg.gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL;
+        return create(cfg);
+    }
+
+    ~subinterpreter() {
+        if (!creation_tstate_) {
+            // non-owning wrapper, do nothing.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        PyThreadState *destroy_tstate;
+        PyThreadState *old_tstate;
+
+        // Python 3.12 requires us to keep the original PyThreadState alive until we are ready to
+        // destroy the interpreter.  We prefer to use that to destroy the interpreter.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000
+        // The tstate passed to Py_EndInterpreter MUST have been created on the current OS thread.
+        bool same_thread = false;
+#    ifdef PY_HAVE_THREAD_NATIVE_ID
+        same_thread = PyThread_get_thread_native_id() == creation_tstate_->native_thread_id;
+#    endif
+        if (same_thread) {
+            // OK it is safe to use the creation state here
+            destroy_tstate = creation_tstate_;
+            old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(destroy_tstate);
+        } else {
+            // We have to make a new tstate on this thread and use that.
+            destroy_tstate = PyThreadState_New(istate_);
+            old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(destroy_tstate);
+
+            // We can use the one we just created, so we must delete the creation state.
+            PyThreadState_Clear(creation_tstate_);
+            PyThreadState_Delete(creation_tstate_);
+        }
+#else
+        destroy_tstate = PyThreadState_New(istate_);
+        old_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(destroy_tstate);
+#endif
+
+        bool switch_back = old_tstate && old_tstate->interp != istate_;
+
+        // Internals always exists in the subinterpreter, this class enforces it when it creates
+        // the subinterpreter. Even if it didn't, this only creates the pointer-to-pointer, not the
+        // internals themselves.
+        detail::get_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+        detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().get_pp();
+
+        // End it
+        Py_EndInterpreter(destroy_tstate);
+
+        // It's possible for the  internals to be created during endinterpreter (e.g. if a
+        // py::capsule calls `get_internals()` during destruction), so we destroy afterward.
+        detail::get_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+        detail::get_local_internals_pp_manager().destroy();
+
+        // switch back to the old tstate and old GIL (if there was one)
+        if (switch_back)
+            PyThreadState_Swap(old_tstate);
+    }
+
+    /// Get a handle to the main interpreter that can be used with subinterpreter_scoped_activate
+    /// Note that destructing the handle is a noop, the main interpreter can only be ended by
+    /// py::finalize_interpreter()
+    static subinterpreter main() {
+        subinterpreter m;
+        m.istate_ = PyInterpreterState_Main();
+        m.disarm(); // make destruct a noop
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    /// Get a non-owning wrapper of the currently active interpreter (if any)
+    static subinterpreter current() {
+        subinterpreter c;
+        c.istate_ = detail::get_interpreter_state_unchecked();
+        c.disarm(); // make destruct a noop, we don't own this...
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the numerical identifier for the sub-interpreter
+    int64_t id() const {
+        if (istate_ != nullptr)
+            return PyInterpreterState_GetID(istate_);
+        else
+            return -1; // CPython uses one-up numbers from 0, so negative should be safe to return
+                       // here.
+    }
+
+    /// Get the interpreter's state dict.  This interpreter's GIL must be held before calling!
+    dict state_dict() { return reinterpret_borrow<dict>(PyInterpreterState_GetDict(istate_)); }
+
+    /// abandon cleanup of this subinterpreter (leak it). this might be needed during
+    /// finalization...
+    void disarm() { creation_tstate_ = nullptr; }
+
+    /// An empty wrapper cannot be activated
+    bool empty() const { return istate_ == nullptr; }
+
+    /// Is this wrapper non-empty
+    explicit operator bool() const { return !empty(); }
+
+private:
+    friend class subinterpreter_scoped_activate;
+    PyInterpreterState *istate_ = nullptr;
+    PyThreadState *creation_tstate_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+class scoped_subinterpreter {
+public:
+    scoped_subinterpreter() : si_(subinterpreter::create()), scope_(si_) {}
+
+    explicit scoped_subinterpreter(PyInterpreterConfig const &cfg)
+        : si_(subinterpreter::create(cfg)), scope_(si_) {}
+
+private:
+    subinterpreter si_;
+    subinterpreter_scoped_activate scope_;
+};
+
+inline subinterpreter_scoped_activate::subinterpreter_scoped_activate(subinterpreter const &si) {
+    if (!si.istate_) {
+        pybind11_fail("null subinterpreter");
+    }
+
+    if (detail::get_interpreter_state_unchecked() == si.istate_) {
+        // we are already on this interpreter, make sure we hold the GIL
+        simple_gil_ = true;
+        gil_state_ = PyGILState_Ensure();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // we can't really interact with the interpreter at all until we switch to it
+    // not even to, for example, look in its state dict or touch its internals
+    tstate_ = PyThreadState_New(si.istate_);
+
+    // make the interpreter active and acquire the GIL
+    old_tstate_ = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate_);
+
+    // save this in internals for scoped_gil calls
+    detail::get_internals().tstate = tstate_;
+}
+
+inline subinterpreter_scoped_activate::~subinterpreter_scoped_activate() {
+    if (simple_gil_) {
+        // We were on this interpreter already, so just make sure the GIL goes back as it was
+        PyGILState_Release(gil_state_);
+    } else {
+        if (tstate_) {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            if (detail::get_thread_state_unchecked() != tstate_) {
+                pybind11_fail("~subinterpreter_scoped_activate: thread state must be current!");
+            }
+#endif
+            detail::get_internals().tstate.reset();
+            PyThreadState_Clear(tstate_);
+            PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent();
+        }
+
+        // Go back the previous interpreter (if any) and acquire THAT gil
+        PyThreadState_Swap(old_tstate_);
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/trampoline_self_life_support.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/using_smart_holder.h"
+#include "detail/value_and_holder.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+// PYBIND11:REMINDER: Needs refactoring of existing pybind11 code.
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo);
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// The original core idea for this struct goes back to PyCLIF:
+// https://github.com/google/clif/blob/07f95d7e69dca2fcf7022978a55ef3acff506c19/clif/python/runtime.cc#L37
+// URL provided here mainly to give proper credit.
+struct trampoline_self_life_support {
+    // NOTE: PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION needs to be bumped if changes are made to this struct.
+    detail::value_and_holder v_h;
+
+    trampoline_self_life_support() = default;
+
+    void activate_life_support(const detail::value_and_holder &v_h_) {
+        Py_INCREF((PyObject *) v_h_.inst);
+        v_h = v_h_;
+    }
+
+    void deactivate_life_support() {
+        Py_DECREF((PyObject *) v_h.inst);
+        v_h = detail::value_and_holder();
+    }
+
+    ~trampoline_self_life_support() {
+        if (v_h.inst != nullptr && v_h.vh != nullptr) {
+            void *value_void_ptr = v_h.value_ptr();
+            if (value_void_ptr != nullptr) {
+                PyGILState_STATE threadstate = PyGILState_Ensure();
+                v_h.value_ptr() = nullptr;
+                v_h.holder<smart_holder>().release_disowned();
+                detail::deregister_instance(v_h.inst, value_void_ptr, v_h.type);
+                Py_DECREF((PyObject *) v_h.inst); // Must be after deregister.
+                PyGILState_Release(threadstate);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For the next two, the default implementations generate undefined behavior (ASAN failures
+    // manually verified). The reason is that v_h needs to be kept default-initialized.
+    trampoline_self_life_support(const trampoline_self_life_support &) {}
+    trampoline_self_life_support(trampoline_self_life_support &&) noexcept {}
+
+    // These should never be needed (please provide test cases if you think they are).
+    trampoline_self_life_support &operator=(const trampoline_self_life_support &) = delete;
+    trampoline_self_life_support &operator=(trampoline_self_life_support &&) = delete;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+using get_trampoline_self_life_support_fn = trampoline_self_life_support *(*) (void *);
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/type_caster_pyobject_ptr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/descr.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<PyObject> {
+public:
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("object"); // See discussion under PR #4601.
+
+    // This overload is purely to guard against accidents.
+    template <typename T,
+              detail::enable_if_t<!is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value, int> = 0>
+    static handle cast(T &&, return_value_policy, handle /*parent*/) {
+        static_assert(is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value,
+                      "Invalid C++ type T for to-Python conversion (type_caster<PyObject>).");
+        return nullptr; // Unreachable.
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(PyObject *src, return_value_policy policy, handle /*parent*/) {
+        if (src == nullptr) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            raise_from(PyExc_SystemError, "src != nullptr but PyErr_Occurred()");
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership) {
+            return src;
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::reference
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            return handle(src).inc_ref();
+        }
+        pybind11_fail("type_caster<PyObject>::cast(): unsupported return_value_policy: "
+                      + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(policy)));
+    }
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        value = reinterpret_borrow<object>(src);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = PyObject *;
+
+    explicit operator PyObject *() { return value.ptr(); }
+
+private:
+    object value;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/typing.h

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/typing.h: Convenience wrapper classes for basic Python types
+    with more explicit annotations.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2023 Dustin Spicuzza <dustin@virtualroadside.com>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#if defined(__cpp_nontype_template_args) && __cpp_nontype_template_args >= 201911L
+#    define PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL
+#    include <numeric>
+#    include <ranges>
+#    include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(typing)
+
+/*
+    The following types can be used to direct pybind11-generated docstrings
+    to have have more explicit types (e.g., `list[str]` instead of `list`).
+    Just use these in place of existing types.
+
+    There is no additional enforcement of types at runtime.
+*/
+
+template <typename... Types>
+class Tuple : public tuple {
+    using tuple::tuple;
+};
+
+template <typename K, typename V>
+class Dict : public dict {
+    using dict::dict;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class List : public list {
+    using list::list;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Set : public set {
+    using set::set;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Iterable : public iterable {
+    using iterable::iterable;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Iterator : public iterator {
+    using iterator::iterator;
+};
+
+template <typename Signature>
+class Callable;
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+class Callable<Return(Args...)> : public function {
+    using function::function;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Type : public type {
+    using type::type;
+};
+
+template <typename... Types>
+class Union : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Union, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Optional : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Optional, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class Final : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Final, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class ClassVar : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(ClassVar, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeGuard : public bool_ {
+    using bool_::bool_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class TypeIs : public bool_ {
+    using bool_::bool_;
+};
+
+class NoReturn : public none {
+    using none::none;
+};
+
+class Never : public none {
+    using none::none;
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL)
+template <size_t N>
+struct StringLiteral {
+    constexpr StringLiteral(const char (&str)[N]) { std::copy_n(str, N, name); }
+    char name[N];
+};
+
+template <StringLiteral... StrLits>
+class Literal : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(Literal, object, PyObject_Type)
+};
+
+// Example syntax for creating a TypeVar.
+// typedef typing::TypeVar<"T"> TypeVarT;
+template <StringLiteral>
+class TypeVar : public object {
+    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(TypeVar, object, PyObject_Type)
+    using object::object;
+};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(typing)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename... Types>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<Types...>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Types>::name...)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<>> {
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for an empty tuple
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[()]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Tuple<T, ellipsis>> {
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for a variable-length tuple
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("tuple[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name(", ...]");
+};
+
+template <typename K, typename V>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Dict<K, V>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("dict[") + make_caster<K>::name + const_name(", ")
+                                 + make_caster<V>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::List<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("list[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Set<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("set[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Iterable<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("collections.abc.Iterable[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Iterator<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("collections.abc.Iterator[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Callable<Return(Args...)>> {
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("collections.abc.Callable[[")
+          + ::pybind11::detail::concat(::pybind11::detail::arg_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...)
+          + const_name("], ") + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<retval_type>::name)
+          + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename Return>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Callable<Return(ellipsis)>> {
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for defining only return types of callables
+    using retval_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<Return, void>::value, void_type, Return>;
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("collections.abc.Callable[..., ")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<retval_type>::name)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Type<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("type[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename... Types>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Union<Types...>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = ::pybind11::detail::union_concat(make_caster<Types>::name...);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Optional<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = make_caster<T>::name | make_caster<none>::name;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Final<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("typing.Final[")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::return_descr(make_caster<T>::name)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::ClassVar<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("typing.ClassVar[") + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::TypeGuard<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_TYPE_GUARD_TYPE_HINT) + const_name("[")
+                                 + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::TypeIs<T>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_TYPE_IS_TYPE_HINT) + const_name("[")
+                                 + make_caster<T>::name + const_name("]");
+};
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::NoReturn> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("typing.NoReturn");
+};
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Never> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_NEVER_TYPE_HINT);
+};
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_TYPING_H_HAS_STRING_LITERAL)
+template <typing::StringLiteral StrLit>
+consteval auto sanitize_string_literal() {
+    constexpr std::string_view v(StrLit.name);
+    constexpr std::string_view special_chars("!@%{}-");
+    constexpr auto num_special_chars = std::accumulate(
+        special_chars.begin(), special_chars.end(), (size_t) 0, [&v](auto acc, const char &c) {
+            return std::move(acc) + std::ranges::count(v, c);
+        });
+    char result[v.size() + num_special_chars + 1];
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (auto c : StrLit.name) {
+        if (special_chars.find(c) != std::string_view::npos) {
+            result[i++] = '!';
+        }
+        result[i++] = c;
+    }
+    return typing::StringLiteral(result);
+}
+
+template <typing::StringLiteral... Literals>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::Literal<Literals...>> {
+    static constexpr auto name
+        = const_name("typing.Literal[")
+          + pybind11::detail::concat(const_name(sanitize_string_literal<Literals>().name)...)
+          + const_name("]");
+};
+template <typing::StringLiteral StrLit>
+struct handle_type_name<typing::TypeVar<StrLit>> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(sanitize_string_literal<StrLit>().name);
+};
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

deps_src/pybind11/include/pybind11/warnings.h

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/warnings.h: Python warnings wrappers.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2024 Jan Iwaszkiewicz <jiwaszkiewicz6@gmail.com>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline bool PyWarning_Check(PyObject *obj) {
+    int result = PyObject_IsSubclass(obj, PyExc_Warning);
+    if (result == 1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (result == -1) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError,
+                   "pybind11::detail::PyWarning_Check(): PyObject_IsSubclass() call failed.");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(warnings)
+
+inline object
+new_warning_type(handle scope, const char *name, handle base = PyExc_RuntimeWarning) {
+    if (!detail::PyWarning_Check(base.ptr())) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::warnings::new_warning_type(): cannot create custom warning, base "
+                      "must be a subclass of "
+                      "PyExc_Warning!");
+    }
+    if (hasattr(scope, name)) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::warnings::new_warning_type(): an attribute with name \""
+                      + std::string(name) + "\" exists already.");
+    }
+    std::string full_name = scope.attr("__name__").cast<std::string>() + std::string(".") + name;
+    handle h(PyErr_NewException(full_name.c_str(), base.ptr(), nullptr));
+    if (!h) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError,
+                   "pybind11::warnings::new_warning_type(): PyErr_NewException() call failed.");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    auto obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(h);
+    scope.attr(name) = obj;
+    return obj;
+}
+
+// Similar to Python `warnings.warn()`
+inline void
+warn(const char *message, handle category = PyExc_RuntimeWarning, int stack_level = 2) {
+    if (!detail::PyWarning_Check(category.ptr())) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "pybind11::warnings::warn(): cannot raise warning, category must be a subclass of "
+            "PyExc_Warning!");
+    }
+
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(category.ptr(), message, stack_level) == -1) {
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(warnings)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

localization/i18n/list.txt

@@ -41,12 +41,23 @@ src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevMapping.h
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevMapping.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleSystem.h
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleSystem.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleRack.h
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleRack.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevNozzleRackCtrl.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevUtil.h
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceCore/DevUtil.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAmsHumidityPopup.h
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiAmsHumidityPopup.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiDeviceUpdateVersion.h
 src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/uiDeviceUpdateVersion.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.h
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRack.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackNozzleItem.h
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackNozzleItem.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.h
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleRackUpdate.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.h
+src/slic3r/GUI/DeviceTab/wgtDeviceNozzleSelect.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoFdmSupports.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoFdmSupports.hpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Gizmos/GLGizmoFlatten.cpp
@@ -97,6 +108,8 @@ src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/FilamentLoad.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/TempInput.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/CheckList.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/SwitchButton.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/MultiNozzleSync.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/Widgets/ProgressDialog.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/ImGuiWrapper.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Jobs/ArrangeJob.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/Jobs/OrientJob.cpp
@@ -274,4 +287,6 @@ src/slic3r/GUI/DownloaderFileGet.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/FileArchiveDialog.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/PrinterCloudAuthDialog.cpp
 src/slic3r/GUI/PrinterWebViewHandler.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/AMSDryControl.cpp
+src/slic3r/GUI/AMSDryControl.hpp
 src/libslic3r/PresetBundle.cpp