Merge branch 'master' into polish-dashboards

Signed-off-by: Artem Fetishev <rtm@victoriametrics.com>

Makefile

@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ vet:
 	go vet ./app/...
 	go vet ./apptest/...
 
-check-all: fmt vet golangci-lint govulncheck
+check-all: fmt vet golangci-lint
 
 clean-checkers: remove-golangci-lint remove-govulncheck
 
@@ -471,8 +471,9 @@ test-full-386:
 
 apptest:
 	$(MAKE) victoria-metrics-race vmagent-race vmalert-race vmauth-race vmctl-race vmbackup-race vmrestore-race
-	go test ./apptest/... -skip="^Test(Cluster|Legacy).*"
+	go test ./apptest/... -skip="^Test(Cluster|Mixed|Legacy).*"
 
+# App tests for legacy indexDB
 apptest-legacy: victoria-metrics-race vmbackup-race vmrestore-race
 	OS=$$(uname | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'); \
 	ARCH=$$(uname -m | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | sed 's/x86_64/amd64/'); \
@@ -489,6 +490,20 @@ apptest-legacy: victoria-metrics-race vmbackup-race vmrestore-race
 	VMSTORAGE_V1_132_0_PATH=$${DIR}/vmstorage-prod \
 	go test ./apptest/tests -run="^TestLegacySingle.*"
 
+# App tests for mixed setups where vmsingle and vmcluster coexist.
+apptest-mixed: victoria-metrics-race
+	OS=$$(uname | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'); \
+	ARCH=$$(uname -m | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | sed 's/x86_64/amd64/'); \
+	VERSION=v1.145.0; \
+	VMCLUSTER=victoria-metrics-$${OS}-$${ARCH}-$${VERSION}-cluster.tar.gz; \
+	URL=https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/download/$${VERSION}; \
+	DIR=/tmp/$${VERSION}; \
+	test -d $${DIR} || (mkdir $${DIR} && \
+		curl --output-dir /tmp -LO $${URL}/$${VMCLUSTER} && tar xzf /tmp/$${VMCLUSTER} -C $${DIR} \
+	); \
+	VMSELECT_PATH=$${DIR}/vmselect-prod \
+	go test ./apptest/tests -run="^TestMixed.*"
+
 benchmark:
 	go test -run=NO_TESTS -bench=. ./lib/...
 	go test -run=NO_TESTS -bench=. ./app/...

app/victoria-metrics/main.go

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	logger.Infof("starting VictoriaMetrics at %q...", listenAddrs)
 	startTime := time.Now()
-	vmstorage.Init(*vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests, promql.ResetRollupResultCacheIfNeeded)
+	vmstorage.Init(*vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests, *vmselectMaxQueueDuration, promql.ResetRollupResultCacheIfNeeded)
 	vmselect.Init(*vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests, *vmselectMaxQueueDuration)
 	vminsertcommon.StartIngestionRateLimiter(*maxIngestionRate)
 	vminsert.Init()

app/vmagent/influx/request_handler.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func InsertHandlerForHTTP(at *auth.Token, req *http.Request) error {
 	}
 	q := req.URL.Query()
 	precision := q.Get("precision")
-	// Read db tag from https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/tools/api/#write-http-endpoint
+	// Read db tag from https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1/api/write/#operation/PostWrite
 	db := q.Get("db")
 	encoding := req.Header.Get("Content-Encoding")
 	isStreamMode := req.Header.Get("Stream-Mode") == "1"

app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go

@@ -571,6 +571,14 @@ func tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(at *auth.Token, rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, m
 			mm.ProjectID = at.ProjectID
 		}
 	}
+	tmp := mms[:0]
+	for _, mm := range mms {
+		if timeserieslimits.IsMetricMetadataExceeding(&mm) {
+			continue
+		}
+		tmp = append(tmp, mm)
+	}
+	mms = tmp
 	// Do not shard metadata even if -remoteWrite.shardByURL is set, just replicate it among rwctxs.
 	// Since metadata is usually small and there is no guarantee that metadata can be sent to
 	// the same remote storage with the corresponding metrics.

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/unittest.go

@@ -282,7 +282,8 @@ func processFlags() {
 
 func setUp() {
 	const maxConcurrentRequests = 4
-	vmstorage.Init(maxConcurrentRequests, promql.ResetRollupResultCacheIfNeeded)
+	maxQueueDuration := 5 * time.Second
+	vmstorage.Init(maxConcurrentRequests, maxQueueDuration, promql.ResetRollupResultCacheIfNeeded)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 	readyCheckFunc := func() bool {

app/vminsert/common/insert_ctx.go

@@ -175,13 +175,19 @@ func (ctx *InsertCtx) WriteMetadata(mmpbs []prompb.MetricMetadata) error {
 	}
 	mms := ctx.mms
 	mms = slicesutil.SetLength(mms, len(mmpbs))
-	for idx, mmpb := range mmpbs {
-		mm := &mms[idx]
+	var cnt int
+	for _, mmpb := range mmpbs {
+		if timeserieslimits.IsMetricMetadataExceeding(&mmpb) {
+			continue
+		}
+		mm := &mms[cnt]
 		mm.MetricFamilyName = bytesutil.ToUnsafeBytes(mmpb.MetricFamilyName)
 		mm.Help = bytesutil.ToUnsafeBytes(mmpb.Help)
 		mm.Type = mmpb.Type
 		mm.Unit = bytesutil.ToUnsafeBytes(mmpb.Unit)
+		cnt++
 	}
+	mms = mms[:cnt]
 	ctx.mms = mms
 
 	err := vmstorage.VMInsertAPI.WriteMetadata(mms)
@@ -201,14 +207,19 @@ func (ctx *InsertCtx) WritePromMetadata(mmps []prometheus.Metadata) error {
 	}
 	mms := ctx.mms
 	mms = slicesutil.SetLength(mms, len(mmps))
-	for idx, mmpb := range mmps {
-		mm := &mms[idx]
+	var cnt int
+	for _, mmpb := range mmps {
+		mm := &mms[cnt]
+		if timeserieslimits.IsPrometheusMetadataExceeding(&mmpb) {
+			continue
+		}
 		mm.MetricFamilyName = bytesutil.ToUnsafeBytes(mmpb.Metric)
 		mm.Help = bytesutil.ToUnsafeBytes(mmpb.Help)
 		mm.Type = mmpb.Type
+		cnt++
 	}
+	mms = mms[:cnt]
 	ctx.mms = mms
-
 	err := vmstorage.VMInsertAPI.WriteMetadata(mms)
 	if err != nil {
 		return &httpserver.ErrorWithStatusCode{

app/vminsert/influx/request_handler.go

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func InsertHandlerForHTTP(req *http.Request) error {
 	}
 	q := req.URL.Query()
 	precision := q.Get("precision")
-	// Read db tag from https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/tools/api/#write-http-endpoint
+	// Read db tag from https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1/api/write/#operation/PostWrite
 	db := q.Get("db")
 	encoding := req.Header.Get("Content-Encoding")
 	isStreamMode := req.Header.Get("Stream-Mode") == "1"

app/vmselect/promql/rollup.go

@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ func newRollupHoltWinters(args []any) (rollupFunc, error) {
 			return nan
 		}
 
-		// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing .
+		// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing_%28Holt_linear%29 .
 		// TODO: determine whether this shit really works.
 		s0 := rfa.prevValue
 		if math.IsNaN(s0) {

app/vmselect/promql/timeseries.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package promql
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
@@ -288,6 +289,9 @@ func marshalMetricTagsSorted(dst []byte, mn *storage.MetricName) []byte {
 }
 
 func marshalBytesFast(dst []byte, s []byte) []byte {
+	if len(s) > math.MaxUint16 {
+		logger.Panicf("BUG: s len %d cannot exceed %d", len(s), math.MaxUint16)
+	}
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint16(dst, uint16(len(s)))
 	dst = append(dst, s...)
 	return dst

app/vmselect/promql/transform.go

@@ -1121,29 +1121,29 @@ func groupLeTimeseries(tss []*timeseries) map[string][]leTimeseries {
 
 func fixBrokenBuckets(i int, xss []leTimeseries) {
 	// Buckets are already sorted by le, so their values must be in ascending order,
-	// since the next bucket includes all the previous buckets.
-	// If the next bucket has lower value than the current bucket,
-	// then the next bucket must be substituted with the current bucket value.
+	// since the upper bucket includes all the lower buckets.
+	// If the upper bucket has lower value than the current bucket,
+	// then the upper bucket must be substituted with the current bucket value.
 	// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4580#issuecomment-2186659102
 	if len(xss) < 2 {
 		return
 	}
 
-	vNext := xss[0].ts.Values[i]
+	vPrev := xss[0].ts.Values[i]
 	// Set the lowest bucket to 0 if its value is NaN, so it can be properly
 	// compared with upper buckets in the loop below.
-	if math.IsNaN(vNext) {
-		vNext = 0
-		xss[0].ts.Values[i] = vNext
+	if math.IsNaN(vPrev) {
+		vPrev = 0
+		xss[0].ts.Values[i] = vPrev
 	}
 	// Substitute upper bucket values with lower bucket values if the upper values are NaN
-	// or are bigger than the lower bucket values.
+	// or are smaller than the lower bucket values.
 	for j := 1; j < len(xss); j++ {
 		v := xss[j].ts.Values[i]
-		if math.IsNaN(v) || vNext > v {
-			xss[j].ts.Values[i] = vNext
+		if math.IsNaN(v) || vPrev > v {
+			xss[j].ts.Values[i] = vPrev
 		} else {
-			vNext = v
+			vPrev = v
 		}
 	}
 }

app/vmselect/vmui/assets/MetricsQL-DmQtQmkX.md

@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ See also [hoeffding_bound_lower](#hoeffding_bound_lower).
 #### holt_winters
 
 `holt_winters(series_selector[d], sf, tf)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates Holt-Winters value
-(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing_%28Holt_linear%29)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 over the given lookbehind window `d` using the given smoothing factor `sf` and the given trend factor `tf`.
 Both `sf` and `tf` must be in the range `[0...1]`.
 
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ See also [asin](#asin) and [cos](#cos).
 #### acosh
 
 `acosh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic cosine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_cosine) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic cosine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ See also [acos](#acos) and [sin](#sin).
 #### asinh
 
 `asinh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic sine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_sine) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic sine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ See also [tan](#tan).
 #### atanh
 
 `atanh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic tangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_tangent) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic tangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 

app/vmstorage/main.go

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ var (
 		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention. See also -retentionFilter")
 	futureRetention = flagutil.NewRetentionDuration("futureRetention", "2d", "Data with timestamps bigger than now+futureRetention is automatically deleted. "+
 		"The minimum futureRetention is 2 days. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention")
+	vmselectAddr                  = flag.String("vmselectAddr", "", "TCP address to accept connections from vmselect services")
+	vmselectDisableRPCCompression = flag.Bool("rpc.disableCompression", false, "Whether to disable compression of the data sent from vmstorage to vmselect. "+
+		"This reduces CPU usage at the cost of higher network bandwidth usage")
 	snapshotAuthKey   = flagutil.NewPassword("snapshotAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /snapshot* pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	forceMergeAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("forceMergeAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_merge pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	forceFlushAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("forceFlushAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_flush pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ func DataPath() string {
 }
 
 // Init initializes vmstorage.
-func Init(vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests int, resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
+func Init(vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests int, vmselectMaxQueueDuration time.Duration, resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 	storage.SetDedupInterval(*minScrapeInterval)
 	storage.SetDataFlushInterval(*inmemoryDataFlushInterval)
 	storage.LegacySetRetentionTimezoneOffset(*retentionTimezoneOffset)
@@ -169,6 +172,21 @@ func Init(vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests int, resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []stora
 	storageMetrics.RegisterMetricsWriter(vmStorage.writeStorageMetrics)
 	metrics.RegisterSet(storageMetrics)
 
+	if *vmselectAddr != "" {
+		var err error
+		limits := vmselectapi.Limits{
+			MaxConcurrentRequests:         vmselectMaxConcurrentRequests,
+			MaxConcurrentRequestsFlagName: "search.maxConcurrentRequests",
+			MaxQueueDuration:              vmselectMaxQueueDuration,
+			MaxQueueDurationFlagName:      "search.maxQueueDuration",
+		}
+		api := newVMStorageWithTenantID(vmStorage)
+		vmselectSrv, err = vmselectapi.NewServer(*vmselectAddr, api, limits, *vmselectDisableRPCCompression)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("cannot create a server with -vmselectAddr=%s: %s", *vmselectAddr, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	VMInsertAPI = vmStorage
 	VMSelectAPI = vmStorage
 	GetSearch = vmStorage.GetSearch
@@ -191,6 +209,8 @@ var (
 
 	// TODO(@rtm0): Remove this dependency from vmalert-tool unit tests.
 	DebugFlush func()
+
+	vmselectSrv *vmselectapi.Server
 )
 
 // Stop stops the vmstorage
@@ -201,6 +221,10 @@ func Stop() {
 
 	logger.Infof("gracefully closing the storage at %s", *storageDataPath)
 	startTime := time.Now()
+
+	if vmselectSrv != nil {
+		vmselectSrv.MustStop()
+	}
 	vmStorage.Stop()
 	logger.Infof("successfully closed the storage in %.3f seconds", time.Since(startTime).Seconds())
 

app/vmstorage/vmstorage.go

@@ -164,6 +164,10 @@ func (vms *VMStorage) IsReadOnly() bool {
 }
 
 func (vms *VMStorage) InitSearch(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, deadline uint64) (vmselectapi.BlockIterator, error) {
+	return vms.initSearch(qt, sq, marshalDefault, deadline)
+}
+
+func (vms *VMStorage) initSearch(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, marshal marshalFunc, deadline uint64) (vmselectapi.BlockIterator, error) {
 	vms.wg.Add(1)
 
 	tr := sq.GetTimeRange()
@@ -178,6 +182,7 @@ func (vms *VMStorage) InitSearch(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing tag filters")
 	}
 	bi := getBlockIterator()
+	bi.marshal = marshal
 	bi.wgDone = vms.wg.Done
 	bi.sr.Init(qt, vms.s, tfss, tr, maxMetrics, deadline)
 	if err := bi.sr.Error(); err != nil {
@@ -198,11 +203,19 @@ func (vms *VMStorage) getMaxMetrics(searchQueryLimit int) int {
 	return searchQueryLimit
 }
 
+type marshalFunc func(dst []byte, src *storage.MetricBlock) []byte
+
+// marshalDefault is the default implementation of the MetricBlock marshaling.
+func marshalDefault(dst []byte, src *storage.MetricBlock) []byte {
+	return src.Marshal(dst)
+}
+
 // blockIterator implements vmselectapi.BlockIterator
 type blockIterator struct {
-	sr     storage.Search
-	mb     storage.MetricBlock
-	wgDone func()
+	sr      storage.Search
+	mb      storage.MetricBlock
+	marshal marshalFunc
+	wgDone  func()
 }
 
 var blockIteratorsPool sync.Pool
@@ -231,7 +244,7 @@ func (bi *blockIterator) NextBlock(dst []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
 	mb := bi.mb
 	mb.MetricName = bi.sr.MetricBlockRef.MetricName
 	bi.sr.MetricBlockRef.BlockRef.MustReadBlock(&mb.Block)
-	dst = mb.Marshal(dst[:0])
+	dst = bi.marshal(dst[:0], &mb)
 	return dst, true
 }
 

app/vmstorage/vmstorage_with_tenant_id.go

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package vmstorage
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/encoding"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/querytracer"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage/metricnamestats"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage/metricsmetadata"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/vmselectapi"
+)
+
+var (
+	accountID = flag.Uint64("accountID", 0, "The accountID of the stored data")
+	projectID = flag.Uint64("projectID", 0, "The projectID of the stored data")
+)
+
+func newVMStorageWithTenantID(vms *VMStorage) *VMStorageWithTenantID {
+	if *accountID > math.MaxUint32 {
+		logger.Fatalf("-accountID must be in the range [0, %d], got %d", uint32(math.MaxUint32), *accountID)
+	}
+	if *projectID > math.MaxUint32 {
+		logger.Fatalf("-projectID must be in the range [0, %d], got %d", uint32(math.MaxUint32), *projectID)
+	}
+	return &VMStorageWithTenantID{
+		vms:       vms,
+		accountID: uint32(*accountID),
+		projectID: uint32(*projectID),
+	}
+}
+
+// VMStorageWithTenantID is a thin wrapper around VMStorage type that overrides
+// its methods to properly serve requests coming from a vmselect (require
+// tenantID).
+//
+// A new instance of this type should be created using
+// newVMStorageWithTenantID(). The created instance does not require closing.
+// The instance also does not take ownership of vms and it is the responsibility
+// of the caller to close vms.
+type VMStorageWithTenantID struct {
+	vms *VMStorage
+
+	accountID uint32
+	projectID uint32
+}
+
+// InitSearch initializes a storage search for a request initiated by a
+// vmselect.
+//
+// The search is initialized only if the search query is either multitenant or
+// its accountID and projectID match -accountID and -projectID flag values.
+// Otherwise, the method returns an interator that will return no data.
+//
+// The method also overrides the data format of the data returned by the
+// iterator by prepending accountID and projectID bytes to the metric name and
+// the data block (a format used in vmcluster).
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) InitSearch(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, deadline uint64) (vmselectapi.BlockIterator, error) {
+	if !vmst.hasValidTenantID(sq) {
+		return emptyBI, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.initSearch(qt, sq, vmst.marshalMetricBlock, deadline)
+}
+
+var emptyBI = &emptyBlockIterator{}
+
+// emptyBlockIterator is an implementation of vmselectapi.BlockIterator that
+// always returns no data.
+type emptyBlockIterator struct{}
+
+func (*emptyBlockIterator) MustClose() {}
+
+func (*emptyBlockIterator) NextBlock(dst []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
+	return dst, false
+}
+
+func (*emptyBlockIterator) Error() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// marshalMetricBlock serializes a metric block in the format expected by
+// vmselect.
+//
+// vmselect expects metric names and data blocks to have the tenantID but
+// vmsingle does not have it. Therefore the tenantID needs to be included to
+// every metric name and block.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) marshalMetricBlock(dst []byte, src *storage.MetricBlock) []byte {
+	// Marshal metric name:
+	// 1. Marshal metric name length + accountID length + projectID length (in
+	//    bytes).
+	// 2. append accountID and projectID bytes
+	// 3. Finally append metric name bytes
+	dst = encoding.MarshalVarUint64(dst, uint64(len(src.MetricName))+8)
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, vmst.accountID)
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, vmst.projectID)
+	dst = append(dst, src.MetricName...)
+
+	// Marshal data block.
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, vmst.accountID)
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, vmst.projectID)
+	dst = storage.MarshalBlock(dst, &src.Block)
+
+	return dst
+}
+
+// SearchMetricNames searches the storage for metric names that match the query.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, the method will return an
+// empty result.
+//
+// Found metric names are prepended with accountID and projectID bytes (a format
+// used in vmcluster).
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) SearchMetricNames(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, deadline uint64) ([]string, error) {
+	if !vmst.hasValidTenantID(sq) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	metricNames, err := vmst.vms.SearchMetricNames(qt, sq, deadline)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// vmselect expects metric names to have the tenantID but vmsingle does not
+	// have it. Therefore the tenantID needs to be prepended to every metric
+	// name.
+	dst := make([]byte, 0, 8)
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, vmst.accountID)
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, vmst.projectID)
+	tenantID := string(dst)
+
+	for i, metricName := range metricNames {
+		metricNames[i] = tenantID + metricName
+	}
+	return metricNames, nil
+}
+
+// LabelValues searches the storage for label values that match the query and
+// correspond to a label whose name is `labelName`. The returned result
+// will contain not more than `maxLabelValues`.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, the method will return an
+// empty result.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) LabelValues(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, labelName string, maxLabelValues int, deadline uint64) ([]string, error) {
+	if !vmst.hasValidTenantID(sq) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.LabelValues(qt, sq, labelName, maxLabelValues, deadline)
+}
+
+// TagValueSuffixes searches the storage for Graphite tag value suffixes. The
+// returned result will contain not more than `maxSuffixes`.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, the method will return an
+// empty result.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) TagValueSuffixes(qt *querytracer.Tracer, accountID, projectID uint32, tr storage.TimeRange, tagKey, tagValuePrefix string, delimiter byte, maxSuffixes int, deadline uint64) ([]string, error) {
+	if !vmst.isValidTenantID(accountID, projectID) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.TagValueSuffixes(qt, accountID, projectID, tr, tagKey, tagValuePrefix, delimiter, maxSuffixes, deadline)
+}
+
+// LabelNames searches the storage for label names that match the query.
+// The returned result will contain not more than `maxLabelNames`.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, the method will return an
+// empty result.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) LabelNames(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, maxLabelNames int, deadline uint64) ([]string, error) {
+	if !vmst.hasValidTenantID(sq) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.LabelNames(qt, sq, maxLabelNames, deadline)
+}
+
+// SeriesCount returns the total number of metrics stored in the database.
+//
+// The method may return inflated numbers. How inflated the count depends
+// on the churn rate and the retention period. For example, if a metric lasts
+// for 2 months, it will be counted twice.
+//
+// The method also counts the deleted metrics.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, the method will return 0.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) SeriesCount(qt *querytracer.Tracer, accountID, projectID uint32, deadline uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	if !vmst.isValidTenantID(accountID, projectID) {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.SeriesCount(qt, accountID, projectID, deadline)
+}
+
+// Tenants returns just one tenant consisting of the -accountID and -projectID
+// flag values.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) Tenants(qt *querytracer.Tracer, tr storage.TimeRange, deadline uint64) ([]string, error) {
+	tenantID := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", vmst.accountID, vmst.projectID)
+	return []string{tenantID}, nil
+}
+
+// TSDBStatus retrieves the status for metrics that match to the search query.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, the method will return empty
+// status.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) TSDBStatus(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, focusLabel string, topN int, deadline uint64) (*storage.TSDBStatus, error) {
+	if !vmst.hasValidTenantID(sq) {
+		return &storage.TSDBStatus{}, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.TSDBStatus(qt, sq, focusLabel, topN, deadline)
+}
+
+// DeleteSeries marks as deleted metrics that match the search query.
+// The method returns the number of deleted metrics.
+//
+// If the query is not multitenant or the query accountID and projectID do not
+// match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, no metrics will be deleted
+// and the method will return 0.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) DeleteSeries(qt *querytracer.Tracer, sq *storage.SearchQuery, deadline uint64) (int, error) {
+	if !vmst.hasValidTenantID(sq) {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.DeleteSeries(qt, sq, deadline)
+}
+
+// RegisterMetricNames registers metric names in the index, the sample values
+// and timestamps are ignored.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) RegisterMetricNames(qt *querytracer.Tracer, mrs []storage.MetricRow, deadline uint64) error {
+	return vmst.vms.RegisterMetricNames(qt, mrs, deadline)
+}
+
+// GetMetricNamesUsageStats retrieves the usage stats for metrics whose name
+// matches the pattern.
+//
+// If the request is not multitenant or the request accountID and projectID do
+// not match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, no metrics will be
+// deleted and the method will return 0.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) GetMetricNamesUsageStats(qt *querytracer.Tracer, tt *storage.TenantToken, limit, le int, matchPattern string, deadline uint64) (metricnamestats.StatsResult, error) {
+	if !vmst.isValidTenantToken(tt) {
+		return metricnamestats.StatsResult{}, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.GetMetricNamesUsageStats(qt, tt, limit, le, matchPattern, deadline)
+}
+
+// ResetMetricNamesUsageStats resets the metric name usage stats.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) ResetMetricNamesUsageStats(qt *querytracer.Tracer, deadline uint64) error {
+	return vmst.vms.ResetMetricNamesUsageStats(qt, deadline)
+}
+
+// GetMetadataRecords retrieves the metadata for the metricName.
+//
+// If the request is not multitenant or the request accountID and projectID do
+// not match the -accoutID and -projectID flag values, no metrics will be
+// deleted and the method will return 0.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) GetMetadataRecords(qt *querytracer.Tracer, tt *storage.TenantToken, limit int, metricName string, deadline uint64) ([]*metricsmetadata.Row, error) {
+	if !vmst.isValidTenantToken(tt) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return vmst.vms.GetMetadataRecords(qt, tt, limit, metricName, deadline)
+}
+
+// hasValidTenantID returns true if the search query is either multitenant or
+// its accountID and projectID match -accountID and -projectID flag values.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) hasValidTenantID(sq *storage.SearchQuery) bool {
+	return sq.IsMultiTenant || vmst.isValidTenantID(sq.AccountID, sq.ProjectID)
+}
+
+// isValidTenantToken returns true if the TenantToken is either multitenant or
+// its accountID and projectID match -accountID and -projectID flag values.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) isValidTenantToken(tt *storage.TenantToken) bool {
+	return tt == nil || vmst.isValidTenantID(tt.AccountID, tt.ProjectID)
+}
+
+// isValidTenantID returns true if the accountID and projectID match -accountID
+// and -projectID flag values.
+func (vmst *VMStorageWithTenantID) isValidTenantID(accountID, projectID uint32) bool {
+	return accountID == vmst.accountID && projectID == vmst.projectID
+}

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/assets/MetricsQL.md

@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ The list of MetricsQL features on top of PromQL:
   Labels from the `on()` list aren't copied.
 * [Aggregate functions](#aggregate-functions) accept arbitrary number of args.
   For example, `avg(q1, q2, q3)` would return the average values for every point across time series returned by `q1`, `q2` and `q3`.
-* [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#modifier) can be put anywhere in the query.
+* [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#-modifier) can be put anywhere in the query.
   For example, `sum(foo) @ end()` calculates `sum(foo)` at the `end` timestamp of the selected time range `[start ... end]`.
-* Arbitrary subexpression can be used as [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#modifier).
+* Arbitrary subexpression can be used as [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#-modifier).
   For example, `foo @ (end() - 1h)` calculates `foo` at the `end - 1 hour` timestamp on the selected time range `[start ... end]`.
 * [offset](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#offset-modifier), lookbehind window in square brackets
   and `step` value for [subquery](#subqueries) may refer to the current step aka `$__interval` value from Grafana with `[Ni]` syntax.
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ See also [hoeffding_bound_lower](#hoeffding_bound_lower).
 #### holt_winters
 
 `holt_winters(series_selector[d], sf, tf)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates Holt-Winters value
-(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing_%28Holt_linear%29)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 over the given lookbehind window `d` using the given smoothing factor `sf` and the given trend factor `tf`.
 Both `sf` and `tf` must be in the range `[0...1]`.
 
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ See also [asin](#asin) and [cos](#cos).
 #### acosh
 
 `acosh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic cosine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_cosine) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic cosine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ See also [acos](#acos) and [sin](#sin).
 #### asinh
 
 `asinh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic sine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_sine) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic sine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ See also [tan](#tan).
 #### atanh
 
 `atanh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic tangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_tangent) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic tangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/StepConfigurator/StepConfigurator.tsx

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ const StepConfigurator: FC = () => {
           <div className="vm-step-control-popper-info">
             <p>
               <code>step</code> - the <Hyperlink
-                href="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-durations"
+                href="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#float-literals-and-time-durations"
                 text="interval"
               /> between datapoints, which must be returned from the range query.
               The <code>query</code> is executed

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/utils/time.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const supportedValuesOf = Intl.supportedValuesOf;
 export const supportedTimezones = supportedValuesOf ? supportedValuesOf("timeZone") as string[] : timezones;
 
 // The list of supported units could be the following -
-// https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-durations
+// https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#float-literals-and-time-durations
 export const supportedDurations = [
   { long: "years", short: "y", possible: "year" },
   { long: "weeks", short: "w", possible: "week" },

apptest/testdata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+package apptest
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+)
+
+type TestData struct {
+	Samples              []string
+	Step                 int64
+	WantSeries           []map[string]string
+	WantLabels           []string
+	WantLabelValues      []string
+	WantQueryResults     []*QueryResult
+	WantMetadata         map[string][]MetadataEntry
+	WantMetricNamesStats []MetricNamesStatsRecord
+}
+
+func GenerateTestData(prefix string, numMetrics, start, end int64) TestData {
+	d := TestData{
+		Samples:              []string{},
+		Step:                 (end - start) / numMetrics,
+		WantSeries:           make([]map[string]string, numMetrics),
+		WantLabels:           make([]string, numMetrics),
+		WantLabelValues:      make([]string, numMetrics),
+		WantQueryResults:     make([]*QueryResult, numMetrics),
+		WantMetadata:         make(map[string][]MetadataEntry),
+		WantMetricNamesStats: make([]MetricNamesStatsRecord, numMetrics),
+	}
+	for i := range numMetrics {
+		metricName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		metricHelp := fmt.Sprintf("# HELP %s some help message", metricName)
+		metricType := fmt.Sprintf("# TYPE %s gauge", metricName)
+		labelName := fmt.Sprintf("label_%04d", i)
+		labelValue := fmt.Sprintf("value_%04d", i)
+		value := i
+		timestamp := start + i*d.Step
+		sample := fmt.Sprintf(`%s{%s="value", label="%s"} %d %d`, metricName, labelName, labelValue, value, timestamp)
+
+		d.Samples = append(d.Samples, metricHelp, metricType, sample)
+		d.WantSeries[i] = map[string]string{
+			"__name__": metricName,
+			labelName:  "value",
+			"label":    labelValue,
+		}
+		d.WantLabels[i] = labelName
+		d.WantLabelValues[i] = labelValue
+		d.WantQueryResults[i] = &QueryResult{
+			Metric: map[string]string{
+				"__name__": metricName,
+				labelName:  "value",
+				"label":    labelValue,
+			},
+			Samples: []*Sample{{Timestamp: timestamp, Value: float64(value)}},
+		}
+		d.WantMetadata[metricName] = []MetadataEntry{{Help: "some help message", Type: "gauge"}}
+		d.WantMetricNamesStats[i].MetricName = metricName
+	}
+	d.WantLabels = append(d.WantLabels, "__name__", "label")
+	slices.Sort(d.WantLabels)
+	return d
+}
+
+// AssertSeries retrieves metric names from the storage and compares the result
+// with the expected one.
+func AssertSeries(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, metricNameRE, tenantID string, start, end int64, want []map[string]string) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"%s"}`, metricNameRE)
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/series response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.PrometheusAPIV1Series(tc.T(), query, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+				Start:  fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+				End:    fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+			}).Sort()
+		},
+		Want: &PrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data:   want,
+		},
+		Retries: 1000,
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// AssertSeriesCount retrieves series count and compares it with expected one.
+func AssertSeriesCount(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, tenantID string, start, end int64, want uint64) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/series/count response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCount(tc.T(), QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+				Start:  fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+				End:    fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+			})
+		},
+		Want: &PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCountResponse{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data:   []uint64{want},
+		},
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// AssertLabels retrieves label names from the storage and compares the result
+// with the expected one.
+func AssertLabels(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, metricNameRE, tenantID string, start, end int64, want []string) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"%s"}`, metricNameRE)
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/labels response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			res := app.PrometheusAPIV1Labels(tc.T(), query, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+				Start:  fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+				End:    fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+			})
+			slices.Sort(res.Data)
+			return res
+		},
+		Want: &PrometheusAPIV1LabelsResponse{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data:   want,
+		},
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// AssertLabelValues retrieves values for the label whose name is labelName for
+// the series whose name mathes metricNameRE, compares the result with the
+// expected one.
+func AssertLabelValues(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, metricNameRE, labelName, tenantID string, start, end int64, want []string) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"%s"}`, metricNameRE)
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/labels/.../values response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			res := app.PrometheusAPIV1LabelValues(tc.T(), labelName, query, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+				Start:  fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+				End:    fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+			})
+			slices.Sort(res.Data)
+			return res
+		},
+		Want: &PrometheusAPIV1LabelValuesResponse{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data:   want,
+		},
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// AssertQueryResults sends a data query to storage and compares the query
+// result with the expected one.
+func AssertQueryResults(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, metricNameRE, tenantID string, start, end, step int64, want []*QueryResult) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"%s"}`, metricNameRE)
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/query_range response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(tc.T(), query, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant:      tenantID,
+				Start:       fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+				End:         fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+				Step:        fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step),
+				MaxLookback: fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step-1),
+				NoCache:     "1",
+			})
+		},
+		Want: &PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: &QueryData{
+				ResultType: "matrix",
+				Result:     want,
+			},
+		},
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func AssertMetadata(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, metricName, tenantID string, want map[string][]MetadataEntry) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(tc.T(), metricName, 0, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+			})
+		},
+		Want: &PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data:   want,
+		},
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func AssertMetricNamesStats(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, metricNameRE, tenantID string, want []MetricNamesStatsRecord) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /prometheus/api/v1/status/metric_names_stats response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.PrometheusAPIV1StatusMetricNamesStats(tc.T(), "", "", metricNameRE, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+			})
+		},
+		Want: MetricNamesStatsResponse{
+			Records: want,
+		},
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+
+}
+
+// GraphiteTestData holds the data samples in Graphite Pickle format, distance
+// between samples in milliseconds and expected responses for various Graphite
+// API endpoints.
+type GraphiteTestData struct {
+	Samples             []string
+	Step                int64
+	WantMetricsIndex    []string
+	WantMetricsFind     []GraphiteMetric
+	WantMetricsExpand   []string
+	WantRenderedTargets []GraphiteRenderedTarget
+}
+
+// GenerateGraphiteTestData generates Graphite test data.
+func GenerateGraphiteTestData(prefix string, numMetrics, start, end int64) GraphiteTestData {
+	d := GraphiteTestData{
+		Samples:             make([]string, numMetrics),
+		Step:                (end - start) / numMetrics,
+		WantMetricsIndex:    make([]string, numMetrics),
+		WantMetricsFind:     make([]GraphiteMetric, numMetrics),
+		WantMetricsExpand:   make([]string, numMetrics),
+		WantRenderedTargets: make([]GraphiteRenderedTarget, numMetrics),
+	}
+
+	datapoints := make([][2]float64, numMetrics)
+	for i := range numMetrics {
+		timestamp := (start + i*d.Step) / 1000
+		datapoints[i][1] = float64(timestamp)
+	}
+
+	for i := range numMetrics {
+		suffix := fmt.Sprintf("%04d", i)
+		metricName := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", prefix, suffix)
+		value := i
+		timestamp := (start + i*d.Step) / 1000
+		sample := fmt.Sprintf(`%s %d %d`, metricName, value, timestamp)
+
+		d.Samples[i] = sample
+		d.WantMetricsIndex[i] = metricName
+		d.WantMetricsFind[i].Id = metricName
+		d.WantMetricsFind[i].Text = suffix
+		d.WantMetricsFind[i].Leaf = 1
+		d.WantMetricsExpand[i] = metricName
+		d.WantRenderedTargets[i].Target = metricName
+		d.WantRenderedTargets[i].Datapoints = slices.Clone(datapoints)
+		d.WantRenderedTargets[i].Datapoints[i][0] = float64(value)
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// AssertGraphiteMetricsIndex retrieves all metrics by sending a request to
+// /graphite/metrics/index.json and compares the result with the expected one.
+func AssertGraphiteMetricsIndex(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, tenantID string, want []string) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /graphite/metrics/index.json response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.GraphiteMetricsIndex(tc.T(), QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+			})
+		},
+		Want:    want,
+		Retries: 30,
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+
+}
+
+// AssertGraphiteMetricsFind finds metric names by sending a request to
+// /graphite/metrics/find and compares the result with the expected one.
+func AssertGraphiteMetricsFind(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, query, tenantID string, want []GraphiteMetric) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /graphite/metrics/find response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.GraphiteMetricsFind(tc.T(), query, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+			})
+		},
+		Want:    want,
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+
+}
+
+// AssertGraphiteMetricsFind expands metric names by sending a request to
+// /graphite/metrics/expand and compares the result with the expected one.
+func AssertGraphiteMetricsExpand(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, query, tenantID string, want []string) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /graphite/metrics/expand response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.GraphiteMetricsExpand(tc.T(), query, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant: tenantID,
+			})
+		},
+		Want:    want,
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+
+}
+
+// AssertGraphiteRender retieves metric raw data by sending a request to
+// /graphite/render and compares the result with the expected one.
+func AssertGraphiteRender(tc *TestCase, app PrometheusQuerier, target, tenantID string, from, until, step int64, want []GraphiteRenderedTarget) {
+	tc.T().Helper()
+
+	tc.Assert(&AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /graphite/render response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			tc.T().Helper()
+			return app.GraphiteRender(tc.T(), target, QueryOpts{
+				Tenant:      tenantID,
+				From:        fmt.Sprintf("%d", from/1000),
+				Until:       fmt.Sprintf("%d", until/1000),
+				StorageStep: fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step),
+			})
+		},
+		Want:    want,
+		FailNow: true,
+	})
+}

apptest/tests/metricsmetadata_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package tests
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
@@ -25,7 +26,11 @@ func TestSingleMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(resp.Data) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected resp Records: %d, want: %d", len(resp.Data), 0)
 	}
-
+	generateValueExceedLimit := func(prefix string) string {
+		buf := make([]byte, math.MaxUint16+len(prefix))
+		copy(buf, prefix)
+		return string(buf)
+	}
 	const ingestTimestamp = 1707123456700
 	prometheusTextDataSet := []string{
 		`# HELP metric_name_1 some help message`,
@@ -40,6 +45,12 @@ func TestSingleMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		`# TYPE metric_name_3 gauge`,
 		`metric_name_3{label="baz"} 30`,
 	}
+	prometheusTextDataSet = append(prometheusTextDataSet,
+		`# HELP metric_name_4 `+generateValueExceedLimit("large help"),
+		`# TYPE metric_name_4 gauge`,
+		`metric_name_4{label="baz"} 30`,
+	)
+
 	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet := prompb.WriteRequest{
 		Timeseries: []prompb.TimeSeries{
 			{Labels: []prompb.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "metric_name_4"}}, Samples: []prompb.Sample{{Value: 40, Timestamp: ingestTimestamp}}},
@@ -52,6 +63,9 @@ func TestSingleMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_5", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary},
 			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_6", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
 			{MetricFamilyName: `metric_name_7_!@"_suffix`, Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_8", Help: generateValueExceedLimit("large_help"), Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_9", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset, Unit: generateValueExceedLimit("large_unit")},
+			{MetricFamilyName: generateValueExceedLimit("metric_name_10"), Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -137,6 +151,11 @@ func TestClusterMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(resp.Data) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected resp Records: %d, want: %d", len(resp.Data), 0)
 	}
+	generateValueExceedLimit := func(prefix string) string {
+		buf := make([]byte, math.MaxUint16+len(prefix))
+		copy(buf, prefix)
+		return string(buf)
+	}
 
 	const ingestTimestamp = 1707123456700
 	prometheusTextDataSet := []string{
@@ -152,6 +171,11 @@ func TestClusterMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		`# TYPE metric_name_3 gauge`,
 		`metric_name_3{label="baz"} 30`,
 	}
+	prometheusTextDataSet = append(prometheusTextDataSet,
+		`# HELP metric_name_4 `+generateValueExceedLimit("large help"),
+		`# TYPE metric_name_4 gauge`,
+		`metric_name_4{label="baz"} 30`,
+	)
 	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet := prompb.WriteRequest{
 		Timeseries: []prompb.TimeSeries{
 			{Labels: []prompb.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "metric_name_4"}}, Samples: []prompb.Sample{{Value: 40, Timestamp: ingestTimestamp}}},
@@ -164,6 +188,9 @@ func TestClusterMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_5", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary},
 			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_6", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
 			{MetricFamilyName: `metric_name_7_!@"_suffix`, Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_8", Help: generateValueExceedLimit("large_help"), Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_9", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset, Unit: generateValueExceedLimit("large_unit")},
+			{MetricFamilyName: generateValueExceedLimit("metric_name_10"), Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset},
 		},
 	}
 

apptest/tests/vmagent_remotewrite_test.go

@@ -517,10 +517,15 @@ func TestClusterVMAgentForwardMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=http://%s/insert/multitenant/prometheus/api/v1/write`, sut.Vminsert.HTTPAddr()),
 	})
-
+	generateValueExceedLimit := func(prefix string) string {
+		buf := make([]byte, math.MaxUint16+len(prefix))
+		copy(buf, prefix)
+		return string(buf)
+	}
 	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet := prompb.WriteRequest{
 		Metadata: []prompb.MetricMetadata{
 			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_4", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary, AccountID: 100},
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_8", Help: generateValueExceedLimit("large_help"), Type: prompb.MetricTypeStateset, AccountID: 100},
 		},
 	}
 	vmagent.PrometheusAPIV1Write(t, prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "multitenant"})

apptest/tests/vmsingle_vmselect_rpc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+)
+
+func TestMixedPrometheusQueries(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	const (
+		accountID1 = 12
+		projectID1 = 34
+		accountID2 = 56
+		projectID2 = 78
+		numMetrics = 10
+	)
+	tenantID1 := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", accountID1, projectID1)
+	tenantID2 := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", accountID2, projectID2)
+	start := time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	end := time.Date(2026, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	data := apptest.GenerateTestData("metric", numMetrics, start, end)
+	emptySeries := []map[string]string{}
+	emptyLabels := []string{}
+	emptyLabelValues := []string{}
+	emptyQueryResults := []*apptest.QueryResult{}
+	emptyMetadata := map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{}
+	emptyMetricNamesStats := []apptest.MetricNamesStatsRecord{}
+
+	vmsingle := tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
+		"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmsingle"),
+		"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+		fmt.Sprintf("-accountID=%d", accountID1),
+		fmt.Sprintf("-projectID=%d", projectID1),
+	})
+	vmselect := tc.MustStartVmselect("vmselect", []string{
+		"-storageNode=" + vmsingle.VmselectAddr(),
+	})
+
+	vmsingle.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(tc.T(), data.Samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	vmsingle.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	// Ensure vmsingle returns data.
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, data.WantSeries)
+	apptest.AssertSeriesCount(tc, vmsingle, "", start, end, numMetrics)
+	apptest.AssertLabels(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, data.WantLabels)
+	apptest.AssertLabelValues(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "label", "", start, end, data.WantLabelValues)
+	apptest.AssertQueryResults(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, data.Step, data.WantQueryResults)
+	apptest.AssertMetadata(tc, vmsingle, "", "", data.WantMetadata)
+	for i := range data.WantMetricNamesStats {
+		data.WantMetricNamesStats[i].QueryRequestsCount = 1
+	}
+	apptest.AssertMetricNamesStats(tc, vmsingle, "", "", data.WantMetricNamesStats)
+
+	// Check that current vmsingle tenant (configured via flags) is tenant1.
+	gotAdminTenantsResponse := vmselect.APIV1AdminTenants(t, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	wantAdminTenantsResponse := &apptest.AdminTenantsResponse{
+		Status: "success",
+		Data:   []string{tenantID1},
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(wantAdminTenantsResponse, gotAdminTenantsResponse); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected tenants (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// Ensure vmselect returns data for tenant1.
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID1, start, end, data.WantSeries)
+	apptest.AssertSeriesCount(tc, vmselect, tenantID1, start, end, numMetrics)
+	apptest.AssertLabels(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID1, start, end, data.WantLabels)
+	apptest.AssertLabelValues(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", "label", tenantID1, start, end, data.WantLabelValues)
+	apptest.AssertQueryResults(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID1, start, end, data.Step, data.WantQueryResults)
+	apptest.AssertMetadata(tc, vmselect, "", tenantID1, data.WantMetadata)
+	for i := range data.WantMetricNamesStats {
+		data.WantMetricNamesStats[i].QueryRequestsCount = 2
+	}
+	apptest.AssertMetricNamesStats(tc, vmselect, "", tenantID1, data.WantMetricNamesStats)
+
+	// Ensure vmselect does not return any data for tenant2.
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID2, start, end, emptySeries)
+	apptest.AssertSeriesCount(tc, vmselect, tenantID2, start, end, 0)
+	apptest.AssertLabels(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID2, start, end, emptyLabels)
+	apptest.AssertLabelValues(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", "label", tenantID2, start, end, emptyLabelValues)
+	apptest.AssertQueryResults(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID2, start, end, data.Step, emptyQueryResults)
+	apptest.AssertMetadata(tc, vmselect, "", tenantID2, emptyMetadata)
+	apptest.AssertMetricNamesStats(tc, vmselect, "", tenantID2, emptyMetricNamesStats)
+
+	// Ensure vmselect returns data for multitenant.
+	for _, v := range data.WantSeries {
+		v["vm_account_id"] = strconv.Itoa(accountID1)
+		v["vm_project_id"] = strconv.Itoa(projectID1)
+	}
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", "multitenant", start, end, data.WantSeries)
+	data.WantLabels = append(data.WantLabels, "vm_account_id", "vm_project_id")
+	apptest.AssertLabels(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", "multitenant", start, end, data.WantLabels)
+	apptest.AssertLabelValues(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", "label", "multitenant", start, end, data.WantLabelValues)
+	for _, v := range data.WantQueryResults {
+		v.Metric["vm_account_id"] = strconv.Itoa(accountID1)
+		v.Metric["vm_project_id"] = strconv.Itoa(projectID1)
+	}
+	apptest.AssertQueryResults(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", "multitenant", start, end, data.Step, data.WantQueryResults)
+	apptest.AssertMetadata(tc, vmselect, "", "multitenant", data.WantMetadata)
+	for i := range data.WantMetricNamesStats {
+		data.WantMetricNamesStats[i].QueryRequestsCount = 3
+	}
+	apptest.AssertMetricNamesStats(tc, vmselect, "", "multitenant", data.WantMetricNamesStats)
+}
+
+func TestMixedDeleteSeries(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	const (
+		accountID1 = 12
+		projectID1 = 34
+		accountID2 = 56
+		projectID2 = 78
+		numMetrics = 10
+	)
+	tenantID1 := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", accountID1, projectID1)
+	tenantID2 := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", accountID2, projectID2)
+	start := time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	end := time.Date(2026, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	data1 := apptest.GenerateTestData("metric1", numMetrics, start, end)
+	data2 := apptest.GenerateTestData("metric2", numMetrics, start, end)
+	emptySeries := []map[string]string{}
+
+	vmsingle := tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
+		"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmsingle"),
+		"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+		fmt.Sprintf("-accountID=%d", accountID1),
+		fmt.Sprintf("-projectID=%d", projectID1),
+	})
+	vmselect := tc.MustStartVmselect("vmselect", []string{
+		"-storageNode=" + vmsingle.VmselectAddr(),
+	})
+
+	vmsingle.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(tc.T(), data1.Samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	vmsingle.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(tc.T(), data2.Samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	vmsingle.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	wantSeries12 := slices.Concat(data1.WantSeries, data2.WantSeries)
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, wantSeries12)
+
+	vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(tc.T(), `{__name__=~"metric1.*"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Tenant: tenantID1,
+	})
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, data2.WantSeries)
+	vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(tc.T(), `{__name__=~"metric2.*"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Tenant: tenantID2,
+	})
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, data2.WantSeries)
+	vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(tc.T(), `{__name__=~"metric2.*"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Tenant: "multitenant",
+	})
+	apptest.AssertSeries(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, emptySeries)
+}
+
+func TestMixedGraphiteQueries(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	const (
+		accountID1 = 12
+		projectID1 = 34
+		accountID2 = 56
+		projectID2 = 78
+		numMetrics = 10
+	)
+	tenantID1 := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", accountID1, projectID1)
+	tenantID2 := fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", accountID2, projectID2)
+	start := time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	end := time.Date(2026, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	data := apptest.GenerateGraphiteTestData("metric", numMetrics, start, end)
+	emptyMetricsIndex := []string{}
+	emptyMetricsFind := []apptest.GraphiteMetric{}
+	emptyMetricsExpand := []string{}
+	emptyRenderedTargets := []apptest.GraphiteRenderedTarget{}
+
+	vmsingle := tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
+		"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmsingle"),
+		"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+		fmt.Sprintf("-accountID=%d", accountID1),
+		fmt.Sprintf("-projectID=%d", projectID1),
+	})
+	vmselect := tc.MustStartVmselect("vmselect", []string{
+		"-storageNode=" + vmsingle.VmselectAddr(),
+	})
+
+	vmsingle.GraphiteWrite(tc.T(), data.Samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	vmsingle.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	// Ensure vmsingle returns data.
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsIndex(tc, vmsingle, "", data.WantMetricsIndex)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsFind(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", data.WantMetricsFind)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsExpand(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", data.WantMetricsExpand)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteRender(tc, vmsingle, "metric.*", "", start, end, data.Step, data.WantRenderedTargets)
+
+	// Ensure vmselect returns data for tenant1.
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsIndex(tc, vmselect, tenantID1, data.WantMetricsIndex)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsFind(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID1, data.WantMetricsFind)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsExpand(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID1, data.WantMetricsExpand)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteRender(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID1, start, end, data.Step, data.WantRenderedTargets)
+
+	// Ensure vmselect does not return any data for tenant2.
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsIndex(tc, vmselect, tenantID2, emptyMetricsIndex)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsFind(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID2, emptyMetricsFind)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteMetricsExpand(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID2, emptyMetricsExpand)
+	apptest.AssertGraphiteRender(tc, vmselect, "metric.*", tenantID2, start, end, data.Step, emptyRenderedTargets)
+}

apptest/vmsingle.go

@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ func StartVmsingle(instance string, flags []string, cli *Client, output io.Write
 			"-httpListenAddr":     "127.0.0.1:0",
 			"-graphiteListenAddr": "127.0.0.1:0",
 			"-opentsdbListenAddr": "127.0.0.1:0",
+			"-vmselectAddr":       "127.0.0.1:0",
 		},
 		extractREs: []*regexp.Regexp{
 			storageDataPathRE,
 			httpListenAddrRE,
 			graphiteListenAddrRE,
 			openTSDBListenAddrRE,
+			vmselectAddrRE,
 		},
 		output: output,
 	})
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ func StartVmsingle(instance string, flags []string, cli *Client, output io.Write
 		httpListenAddr:     stderrExtracts[1],
 		graphiteListenAddr: stderrExtracts[2],
 		openTSDBListenAddr: stderrExtracts[3],
+		vmselectAddr:       stderrExtracts[4],
 	}), nil
 }
 
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ type vmsingleRuntimeValues struct {
 	httpListenAddr     string
 	graphiteListenAddr string
 	openTSDBListenAddr string
+	vmselectAddr       string
 }
 
 func newVmsingle(app *app, cli *Client, rt vmsingleRuntimeValues) *Vmsingle {
@@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ func newVmsingle(app *app, cli *Client, rt vmsingleRuntimeValues) *Vmsingle {
 		},
 		storageDataPath: rt.storageDataPath,
 		httpListenAddr:  rt.httpListenAddr,
+		vmselectAddr:    rt.vmselectAddr,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ type Vmsingle struct {
 
 	storageDataPath string
 	httpListenAddr  string
+	vmselectAddr    string
 }
 
 // HTTPAddr returns the address at which the vminsert process is
@@ -107,6 +113,12 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) HTTPAddr() string {
 	return app.httpListenAddr
 }
 
+// VmselectAddr returns the address at which the vmsingle process is listening
+// for vmselect connections.
+func (app *Vmsingle) VmselectAddr() string {
+	return app.vmselectAddr
+}
+
 // String returns the string representation of the vmsingle app state.
 func (app *Vmsingle) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("{app: %s storageDataPath: %q httpListenAddr: %q}", []any{

dashboards/victoriametrics.json

@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(vm_app_version{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
           "format": "time_series",
           "instant": false,
           "legendFormat": "{{job}}",

dashboards/vm/victoriametrics.json

@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(vm_app_version{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
           "format": "time_series",
           "instant": false,
           "legendFormat": "{{job}}",

dashboards/vm/vmagent.json

@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}) by (job)",
+          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
           "format": "time_series",
           "instant": false,
           "interval": "",

dashboards/vmagent.json

@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}) by (job)",
+          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
           "format": "time_series",
           "instant": false,
           "interval": "",

docs/anomaly-detection/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ Released: 2025-06-13
 ## v1.23.2
 Released: 2025-06-09
 
-- IMPROVEMENT: Increased convergence speed for [OnlineZScoreModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-z-score), [ZScoreModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#z-score), [MADModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#mad), and [OnlineMADModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-mad) models. Now it works better for tight optimization budgets (n_trials < 10, timeout < 1s)
+- IMPROVEMENT: Increased convergence speed for [OnlineZScoreModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-z-score), [ZScoreModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#z-score), [MADModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#mad-median-absolute-deviation), and [OnlineMADModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-mad) models. Now it works better for tight optimization budgets (n_trials < 10, timeout < 1s)
 
 - BUGFIX: Now mean and variance of [OnlineZScoreModel](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-z-score) with exponential `decay` < 1 [arg](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#decay) are properly calculated for unbiased predictions.
 
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ Released: 2024-10-01
 
 > A bug was discovered in this release that causes the service to crash. Please use the patch [v1.16.1](#v1161) to resolve this issue.
 
-- FEATURE: Introduced data dumps to a host filesystem for [VmReader](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/#vm-reader).  Resource-intensive setups (multiple queries returning many metrics, bigger `fit_window` arg) will have RAM consumption reduced during fit calls.
+- FEATURE: Introduced data dumps to a host filesystem for [VmReader](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vm-reader).  Resource-intensive setups (multiple queries returning many metrics, bigger `fit_window` arg) will have RAM consumption reduced during fit calls.
 - IMPROVEMENT: Added a `groupby` argument for logical grouping in [multivariate models](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#multivariate-models). When specified, a separate multivariate model is trained for each unique combination of label values in the `groupby` columns. For example, to perform multivariate anomaly detection on metrics at the machine level without cross-entity interference, you can use `groupby: [host]` or `groupby: [instance]`, ensuring one model per entity being trained (e.g., per host). Please find more details [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#group-by).
 - IMPROVEMENT: Improved performance of [VmReader](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vm-reader) on multicore instances for reading and data processing.
 - IMPROVEMENT: Introduced new CLI argument aliases to enhance compatibility with [Helm charts](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/helm-charts/blob/master/charts/victoria-metrics-anomaly/README.md) (i.e. using secrets) and better align with [VictoriaMetrics flags](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#list-of-command-line-flags):
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ Released: 2024-02-15
 
 ## v1.9.2
 Released: 2024-01-29
-- BUGFIX: now multivariate models (like [`IsolationForestMultivariateModel`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#isolation-foresthttpsenwikipediaorgwikiisolation_forest-multivariate)) are properly handled throughout fit/infer phases.
+- BUGFIX: now multivariate models (like [`IsolationForestMultivariateModel`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#isolation-forest-multivariate)) are properly handled throughout fit/infer phases.
 
 
 ## v1.9.1

docs/anomaly-detection/UI.md

@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ preset: ui
 # other optional server/settings parameters, e.g. port, max_concurrent_tasks, n_workers, logger_levels, etc.
 ```
 
-using one of the [deployment methods](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/quickstart/#how-to-install-and-run-vmanomaly) in a [QuickStart guide](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/quickstart/#quickstart), e.g. via Docker.
+using one of the [deployment methods](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/quickstart/#how-to-install-and-run-vmanomaly) in a [QuickStart guide](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/quickstart/), e.g. via Docker.
 
 Retrieve the UI at `http://<vmanomaly-host>:<port>` (e.g. at `http://localhost:8490` if running locally with default port) and start exploring anomaly detection models and their configurations interactively.
 

docs/anomaly-detection/components/server.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Server component of VictoriaMetrics Anomaly Detection (`vmanomaly`) is responsib
 ### Example Configuration
 
 > [!TIP]
-> If [hot-reloading](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/scheduler/#hot-reloading) is enabled in vmanomaly service, the server will automatically pick up changes made to the configuration file without requiring a restart.
+> If [hot-reloading](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/#hot-reload) is enabled in vmanomaly service, the server will automatically pick up changes made to the configuration file without requiring a restart.
 
 ```yaml
 server:
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ reader:
 
 After starting the `vmanomaly` server with the above configuration, UI can be accessed at `<vmanomaly-host>:8490/vmanomaly/vmui/` (e.g. `http://localhost:8490/vmanomaly/vmui/`).
 
-Rest API endpoints (e.g. `/metrics`) can be accessed at `<vmanomaly-host>:8490/vmanomaly/metrics` (e.g. `http://localhost:8490/vmanomaly/metrics`).
+Rest API endpoints (e.g. `/metrics`) can be accessed at `<vmanomaly-host>:8490/vmanomaly/metrics` (e.g. `http://localhost:8490/vmanomaly/metrics`).

docs/guides/vm-architectures/README.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Each subsequent section of this guide presents an architecture designed to handl
 ### The decision tree
 
 <p align="center">
-<img src="decision-tree.webp" alt="Decision Tree" width="80%">
+<img src="/guides/vm-architectures/decision-tree.webp" alt="Decision Tree" width="80%">
 </p>
 
 ## Basic
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Installation guide reference: [VictoriaMetrics Single](https://docs.victoriametr
 **Schema:**
 
 <p align="center">
-<img src="basic-architecture.webp" alt="Basic Architecture" width="40%">
+<img src="/guides/vm-architectures/basic-architecture.webp" alt="Basic Architecture" width="40%">
 </p>
 
 ### Unavailability Scenarios
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ High availability implementation: [HA VictoriaMetrics Cluster](https://docs.vict
 **Schema:**
 
 <p align="center">
-<img src="single-az-architecture.webp" alt="Single AZ Architecture" width="60%">
+<img src="/guides/vm-architectures/single-az-architecture.webp" alt="Single AZ Architecture" width="60%">
 </p>
 
 ### Application vs. Storage Replication
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ To ensure reliability, vmagent implements the bulkhead pattern: each destination
 **Schema:**
 
 <p align="center">
-<img src="multi-az-architecture.webp" alt="Multi-AZ Architecture" width="65%">
+<img src="/guides/vm-architectures/multi-az-architecture.webp" alt="Multi-AZ Architecture" width="65%">
 </p>
 
 ### Unavailability Scenarios
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ For complete disaster recovery, this entire cell-based architecture is duplicate
 A global, stateless layer of routing cells (vmagent, vmauth) sits on top. It routes traffic to several logical groups of storage cells. Each storage group contains multiple AZs, and data is replicated or sharded across them. There are several approaches to implementing it.
 
 <p align="center">
-<img src="hyperscale-architecture.webp" alt="Hyperscale Architecture" width="85%">
+<img src="/guides/vm-architectures/hyperscale-architecture.webp" alt="Hyperscale Architecture" width="85%">
 </p>
 
 ### Choosing Your Read Path Strategy
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ This multitenancy approach gives us another trade-off in the isolation implement
 **Schema:**
 
 <p align="center">
-<img src="logical-layers-architecture.webp" alt="Logical Layers Architecture" width="80%">
+<img src="/guides/vm-architectures/logical-layers-architecture.webp" alt="Logical Layers Architecture" width="80%">
 </p>
 
 **Path A: Shared resources.** We have a single, shared pool of all cluster components.

docs/victoriametrics/Articles.md

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ See also [case studies](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/casestu
 * [Brewblox: InfluxDB to Victoria Metrics](https://www.brewblox.com/dev/decisions/20210718_victoria_metrics.html)
 * [Techetio: Evaluating Backend Options For Prometheus Metrics](https://www.techetio.com/2022/08/21/evaluating-backend-options-for-prometheus-metrics/)
 * [Asserts: Announcing Asserts](https://www.asserts.ai/blog/announcing-asserts/)
-* [Optimizing Linkerd metrics in Prometheus](https://aatarasoff.medium.com/optimizing-linkerd-metrics-in-prometheus-de607ec10f6b)
+* [Optimizing Linkerd metrics in Prometheus](https://itnext.io/optimizing-linkerd-metrics-in-prometheus-de607ec10f6b)
 * [VictoriaMetrics vs. OpenTSDB](https://blg.robot-house.us/posts/tsdbs-grow/)
 * [Monitoring of multiple OpenShift clusters with VictoriaMetrics](https://medium.com/ibm-garage/monitoring-of-multiple-openshift-clusters-with-victoriametrics-d4f0979e2544)
 * [Ultra Monitoring with Victoria Metrics](https://dev.to/aws-builders/ultra-monitoring-with-victoria-metrics-1p2)

docs/victoriametrics/CaseStudies.md

@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ Across our production VictoriaMetrics clusters, in a 12 months period we go beyo
 
 ## Roblox
 
-[Roblox](https://roblox.com/) builds the tools and platform that empower people to create their own immersive experiences,
+[Roblox](https://www.roblox.com/) builds the tools and platform that empower people to create their own immersive experiences,
 so that any world they can imagine can be brought to life.
 
 With more than 200 million active monthly users, Roblox is one of the most popular gaming platforms on the Internet.
@@ -688,8 +688,7 @@ Thanos, Cortex and VictoriaMetrics were evaluated as a long-term storage for Pro
 - The API is compatible with Prometheus and nearly all standard PromQL queries work well out of the box.
 - Handles storage well, with periodic compaction which makes it easy to take snapshots.
 
-Please see [Monitoring K8S with VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1g7yUyVEaAp4tPuRy-MZbPXKqJ1z78_5VKuV841aQfsg/edit) slides,
-[video](https://youtu.be/ZJQYW-cFOms) and [Infrastructure monitoring with Prometheus at Zerodha](https://zerodha.tech/blog/infra-monitoring-at-zerodha/) blog post for more details.
+Please see [Monitoring K8S with VictoriaMetrics](https://youtu.be/ZJQYW-cFOms) video and [Infrastructure monitoring with Prometheus at Zerodha](https://zerodha.tech/blog/infra-monitoring-at-zerodha/) blog post for more details.
 
 ## zhihu
 

docs/victoriametrics/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.md

@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ Also in the cluster version the `/prometheus/api/v1` endpoint ingests  `jsonl`,
     - `prometheus/api/v1/import` - for importing data obtained via `api/v1/export` at `vmselect` (see below), JSON line format.
     - `prometheus/api/v1/import/native` - for importing data obtained via `api/v1/export/native` on `vmselect` (see below).
     - `prometheus/api/v1/import/csv` - for importing arbitrary CSV data. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-csv-data) for details.
-    - `prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus` - for importing data in [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format) and in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md). This endpoint also supports [Pushgateway protocol](https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway#url). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-data-in-prometheus-exposition-format) for details.
+    - `prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus` - for importing data in [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#prometheus-text-format) and in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md). This endpoint also supports [Pushgateway protocol](https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway#url). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-data-in-prometheus-exposition-format) for details.
     - `opentelemetry/v1/metrics` - for ingesting data via [OpenTelemetry protocol for metrics](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/97c826b70e2f89cfdf655d5150791f3f0c2bae19/specification/metrics/data-model.md). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/opentelemetry/).
     - `datadog/api/v1/series` - for ingesting data with DataDog submit metrics API v1. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/url-examples/#datadogapiv1series) for details.
     - `datadog/api/v2/series` - for ingesting data with [DataDog submit metrics API](https://docs.datadoghq.com/api/latest/metrics/#submit-metrics). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/datadog/) for details.

docs/victoriametrics/FAQ.md

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ See [How to migrate from InfluxDB to VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametri
 * TimescaleDB insists on using SQL as a query language. While SQL is more powerful than PromQL, this power is rarely required during typical usages of a TSDB. Real-world queries usually [look clearer and simpler when written in PromQL than in SQL](https://medium.com/@valyala/promql-tutorial-for-beginners-9ab455142085).
 * VictoriaMetrics requires [up to 70x less storage space compared to TimescaleDB](https://medium.com/@valyala/when-size-matters-benchmarking-victoriametrics-vs-timescale-and-influxdb-6035811952d4) for storing the same amount of time series data. The gap in storage space usage can be decreased from 70x to 3x if [compression in TimescaleDB is properly configured](https://docs.timescale.com/use-timescale/latest/compression/) (it isn't an easy task in general :)).
 * VictoriaMetrics requires up to 10x less CPU and RAM resources than TimescaleDB for processing production data. See [this article](https://abiosgaming.com/press/high-cardinality-aggregations/) for details.
-* TimescaleDB is [harder to set up, configure and operate](https://docs.timescale.com/timescaledb/latest/how-to-guides/install-timescaledb/self-hosted/ubuntu/installation-apt-ubuntu/) than VictoriaMetrics (see [how to run VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-start-victoriametrics)).
+* TimescaleDB is [harder to set up, configure and operate](https://www.tigerdata.com/docs/get-started/choose-your-path/install-timescaledb#tab=ubuntu) than VictoriaMetrics (see [how to run VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-start-victoriametrics)).
 * VictoriaMetrics accepts data in multiple popular data ingestion protocols – InfluxDB, OpenTSDB, Graphite, CSV – while TimescaleDB supports only SQL inserts.
 * VictoriaMetrics can be queried via [Graphite's API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/graphite/#graphite-api-usage).
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ We provide commercial support for both versions. [Contact us](https://victoriame
 [VictoriaMetrics Cloud](https://console.victoriametrics.cloud/signUp?utm_source=website&utm_campaign=docs_vm_faq) – the most cost-efficient hosted monitoring platform, operated by VictoriaMetrics core team.
 
 <!-- Links inside the paragraph break navigation in the right-side menu. To fix this, an explicit anchor definition has been added. -->
-## Why doesn't VictoriaMetrics support the [Prometheus remote read API](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#%3Cremote_read%3E)? {#why-doesnrsquot-victoriametrics-support-the-prometheus-remote-read-api-}
+## Why doesn't VictoriaMetrics support the [Prometheus remote read API](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#remote_read)? {#why-doesnrsquot-victoriametrics-support-the-prometheus-remote-read-api-}
 
 The remote read API requires transferring all the raw data for all the requested metrics over the given time range. For instance,
 if a query covers 1000 metrics with 10K values each, then the remote read API has to return `1000*10K`=10M metric values to Prometheus.

docs/victoriametrics/MetricsQL.md

@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ The list of MetricsQL features on top of PromQL:
   Labels from the `on()` list aren't copied.
 * [Aggregate functions](#aggregate-functions) accept arbitrary number of args.
   For example, `avg(q1, q2, q3)` would return the average values for every point across time series returned by `q1`, `q2` and `q3`.
-* [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#modifier) can be put anywhere in the query.
+* [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#-modifier) can be put anywhere in the query.
   For example, `sum(foo) @ end()` calculates `sum(foo)` at the `end` timestamp of the selected time range `[start ... end]`.
-* Arbitrary subexpression can be used as [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#modifier).
+* Arbitrary subexpression can be used as [@ modifier](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#-modifier).
   For example, `foo @ (end() - 1h)` calculates `foo` at the `end - 1 hour` timestamp on the selected time range `[start ... end]`.
 * [offset](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#offset-modifier), lookbehind window in square brackets
   and `step` value for [subquery](#subqueries) may refer to the current step aka `$__interval` value from Grafana with `[Ni]` syntax.
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ See also [hoeffding_bound_lower](#hoeffding_bound_lower).
 #### holt_winters
 
 `holt_winters(series_selector[d], sf, tf)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates Holt-Winters value
-(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing_%28Holt_linear%29)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 over the given lookbehind window `d` using the given smoothing factor `sf` and the given trend factor `tf`.
 Both `sf` and `tf` must be in the range `[0...1]`.
 
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ See also [asin](#asin) and [cos](#cos).
 #### acosh
 
 `acosh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic cosine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_cosine) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic cosine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ See also [acos](#acos) and [sin](#sin).
 #### asinh
 
 `asinh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic sine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_sine) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic sine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ See also [tan](#tan).
 #### atanh
 
 `atanh(q)` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns
-[inverse hyperbolic tangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Inverse_hyperbolic_tangent) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
+[inverse hyperbolic tangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions#Definitions_in_terms_of_logarithms) for every point of every time series returned by `q`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting series. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 

docs/victoriametrics/Quick-Start.md

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ VictoriaMetrics is available as:
 * [Ansible Roles](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/ansible-playbooks)
 * [Source code](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics).
   See [How to build from sources](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-build-from-sources)
-* [VictoriaMetrics on Linode](https://www.linode.com/marketplace/apps/victoriametrics/victoriametrics/)
 * [VictoriaMetrics on DigitalOcean](https://marketplace.digitalocean.com/apps/victoriametrics-single)
 
 Just download VictoriaMetrics and follow [these instructions](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-start-victoriametrics).

docs/victoriametrics/README.md

@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ Note that it could be required to flush response cache after importing historica
 ### How to import data in Prometheus exposition format
 
 VictoriaMetrics accepts data in [Prometheus exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/main/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md),
-in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md)
+in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md)
 and in [Pushgateway format](https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway#url) via `/api/v1/import/prometheus` path.
 
 For example, the following command imports a single line in Prometheus exposition format into VictoriaMetrics:
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ trivy image --sbom-sources oci \
   The only option is increasing the limit on [the number of open files in the OS](https://medium.com/@muhammadtriwibowo/set-permanently-ulimit-n-open-files-in-ubuntu-4d61064429a).
   The recommendation is not specific to VictoriaMetrics only, but also for any service that handles many HTTP connections and stores data on disk.
 * VictoriaMetrics is a write-heavy application, and its performance depends on disk performance. So be careful with other
-  applications or utilities (like [fstrim](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lunar/en/man8/fstrim.8.html))
+  applications or utilities (like [fstrim](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/noble/en/man8/fstrim.8.html))
   which could [exhaust disk resources](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1521).
 * The recommended filesystem is `ext4`, the recommended persistent storage is [persistent HDD-based disk on GCP](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/#pdspecs),
   since it is protected from hardware failures via internal replication, and it can be [resized on the fly](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk#resize_pd).

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -26,11 +26,13 @@ See also [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-rel
 
 ## tip
 
+
 * SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.23.4 to 3.24.1. See [Alpine 3.24.1 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.24.1-released.html).
 
 * FEATURE: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): add `default_vm_access_claim` field into `jwt` section of auth config. It could be used at [JWT claim placeholders](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/#jwt-claim-based-request-templating), if `JWT` token doesn't have `vm_access` claim. See [#11054](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/11054).
 * FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): reduces CPU usage by 10% at [sharding among remote storages](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#sharding-among-remote-storages). See [#11113](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/11113). Thanks to @bennf for contribution.
-* FEATURE: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): add `optimize_repeated_binary_op_subexprs=1` query arg to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#range-query) for executing binary operator sides sequentially when they share the same optimized aggregate rollup result expression. This allows the second side to reuse rollup result cache populated by the first side. See [#10575](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10575).
+* FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/), `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/) and [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): introduce `64KiB` size limit for `metric metadata` fields - `Unit`, `Help` and `MetricFamilyName`. See [#11128](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/11128).
+* FEATURE: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): add `optimize_repeated_binary_op_subexprs=1` query arg to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#range-query) for executing binary operator sides sequentially when they share the same optimized aggregate rollup result expression. This allows the second side to reuse rollup result cache populated by the first side. See [#10575](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10575). Thanks to @xhebox for the contribution.
 * FEATURE: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): prevent possible password brute-force attacks with an artificial 2-3 second delay as recommended by [OWASP](https://owasp.org/Top10/2025/A07_2025-Authentication_Failures). See [#11180](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/11180).
 
 * BUGFIX: all VictoriaMetrics components: cancel in-flight HTTP requests shortly before `-http.maxGracefulShutdownDuration` elapses during graceful shutdown, so they can drain and the shutdown completes cleanly within that window instead of timing out and exiting via `logger.Fatalf` -> `os.Exit`. This prevents skipping the storage flush and losing in-memory data when long-lived requests are in flight (such as VictoriaLogs live tailing). See [#1502](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaLogs/issues/1502).
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ See also [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-rel
 * BUGFIX: `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): propagate cache reset operation to `selectNode` when `/internal/resetRollupResultCache` is called. Previously, the propagation only happened when the `delete_series` API was called. See [#11112](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/11112).
 * BUGFIX: [stream aggregation](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/): fix possible unexpected increases in `rate_avg` and `rate_sum` if an out-of-order sample is ingested after the previous flush. See [#11140](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/11140).
 
+* FEATURE: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): Add the support of vmselect RPC to vmsingle so that single node can be queried by a vmselect from a vmcluster deployment. See [4328](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4328) and [10926](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10926).
+
 ## [v1.146.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.146.0)
 
 Released at 2026-06-22
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ Released at 2026-03-27
 **Update Note 1:** [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/), [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): a bug in [OpenTelemetry](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/opentelemetry/) parsing caused the `Unit` suffix of the previously parsed metric to be incorrectly applied to subsequent metrics that have no `Unit` field, when `-opentelemetry.usePrometheusNaming` is enabled. For example, if `http_requests` has `Unit: seconds` and the next metric `cpu_usage` has no `Unit`, `cpu_usage` would be ingested as `cpu_usage_seconds`. The bug was introduced in [v1.132.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2025.md#v11320). See [#10889](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10889).
 
 * FEATURE: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): show `seriesCountByMetricName` table when a label is in focus in the [Cardinality Explorer](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#cardinality-explorer). See [#10630](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10630). Thanks to @Roshan1299 for the contribution.
-* FEATURE: [dashboards/unused-metrics](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/dashboards/unused-metrics.json): add a new dashboard for exploring stored metrics based on [Caridnality Explorer](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#cardinality-explorer) and [ingested metrics usage API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage). The dashboard requires [Infinity Grafana plugin](https://grafana.com/grafana/plugins/yesoreyeram-infinity-datasource/) to be installed. See [#10617](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10617) for details.
+* FEATURE: [dashboards/metrics-explorer](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/dashboards/metrics-explorer.json): add a new dashboard for exploring stored metrics based on [Caridnality Explorer](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#cardinality-explorer) and [ingested metrics usage API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage). The dashboard requires [Infinity Grafana plugin](https://grafana.com/grafana/plugins/yesoreyeram-infinity-datasource/) to be installed. See [#10617](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10617) for details.
 * FEATURE: [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/): add `search` parameter and pagination support in `/api/v1/rules` API. See [#10046](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10046).
 * FEATURE: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): add default pagination to improve the Alerting Rules page experience when vmalert loads thousands of rules. See [#10046](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10046).
 * FEATURE: all VictoriaMetrics components: log a warning when an IPv6 listen address (e.g. `[::]:6969`) is specified but `-enableTCP6` is not set. Previously, the server silently listened on IPv4 only. See [#6858](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/6858). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
@@ -243,7 +247,7 @@ Released at 2026-03-27
 * BUGFIX: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): fix autocomplete dropdown not closing on the Raw Query page. See [#10665](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10665)
 * BUGFIX: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): properly handle JWKS keys per [RFC 7517](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7517#section-4.2) during [OIDC discovery](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/#oidc-discovery): skip keys with `use=enc`, reject `use=sig` keys with unsupported `alg`, and warn-skip keys with empty `use` that have unsupported `alg`. See [#10663](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10663). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): enforce `datasource_type=prometheus` when [proxying](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#vmalert) Grafana requests to [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/). Grafana supports only `prometheus` and `loki` alerts. Without this fix, Grafana shows `Error loading alerts` when non-Prometheus alert types are returned. See [victoriametrics-datasource#329](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/victoriametrics-datasource/issues/329).
-* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): stop logging `error`-level messages when scraping targets that expose OpenMetrics `info`, `gaugehistogram`, `stateset`, or `unknown` metric types. These are valid [OpenMetrics](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md) types and should be parsed without error. See [#10685](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10685). Thanks to @tsarna for the contribution.
+* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): stop logging `error`-level messages when scraping targets that expose OpenMetrics `info`, `gaugehistogram`, `stateset`, or `unknown` metric types. These are valid [OpenMetrics](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md) types and should be parsed without error. See [#10685](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10685). Thanks to @tsarna for the contribution.
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): prevent panic during directory deletion on `NFS`-based mounts. The bug was introduced in [83da33d8](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/commit/83da33d8cfe8352fd0022d05a8b6346ebb48420d) and included in [v1.123.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2025.md#v11230). See [#9842](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9842).
 
 ## [v1.138.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.138.0)
@@ -477,7 +481,7 @@ The v1.136.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.136.0](http
 * BUGFIX: `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): retry RPC by dialing a new connection instead of reusing a pooled one when the previous attempt fails with `io.EOF`, `broken pipe` or `reset by peer`. This reduces query failures caused by stale connections to restarted vmstorage nodes. See [#10314](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10314)
 * BUGFIX: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): fix autocomplete dropdown not closing on the Raw Query page. See [#10665](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10665)
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): enforce `datasource_type=prometheus` when [proxying](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#vmalert) Grafana requests to [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/). Grafana supports only `prometheus` and `loki` alerts. Without this fix, Grafana shows `Error loading alerts` when non-Prometheus alert types are returned. See [victoriametrics-datasource#329](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/victoriametrics-datasource/issues/329).
-* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): stop logging `error`-level messages when scraping targets that expose OpenMetrics `info`, `gaugehistogram`, `stateset`, or `unknown` metric types. These are valid [OpenMetrics](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md) types and should be parsed without error. See [#10685](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10685). Thanks to @tsarna for the contribution.
+* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): stop logging `error`-level messages when scraping targets that expose OpenMetrics `info`, `gaugehistogram`, `stateset`, or `unknown` metric types. These are valid [OpenMetrics](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md) types and should be parsed without error. See [#10685](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10685). Thanks to @tsarna for the contribution.
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): prevent panic during directory deletion on `NFS`-based mounts. The bug was introduced in [83da33d8](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/commit/83da33d8cfe8352fd0022d05a8b6346ebb48420d) and included in [v1.123.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2025.md#v11230). See [#9842](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9842).
 
 ## [v1.136.2](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.136.2)
@@ -845,7 +849,7 @@ Released at 2026-02-13
 All these fixes are also included in [the latest community release](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
 The v1.122.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.122.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/#v11220) release**
 
-* SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.23.2 to 3.23.3. See [Alpine 3.23.3 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.23.3-released.html).
+* SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.23.2 to 3.23.3. See [Alpine 3.23.3 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.20.9-3.21.6-3.22.3-3.23.3-released.html).
 * SECURITY: upgrade Go builder from Go1.24.12 to Go1.24.13. See [the list of issues addressed in Go1.24.13](https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.24.13+label%3ACherryPickApproved).
 
 * BUGFIX: all VictoriaMetrics components: respect default http client proxy env variables (`HTTP_PROXY`, `HTTPS_PROXY`, `NO_PROXY`). See [#10385](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10385). Thanks to @zane-deg for the contribution.
@@ -1007,7 +1011,7 @@ Released at 2026-02-13
 All these fixes are also included in [the latest community release](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
 The v1.110.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.110.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/#v11100) release**
 
-* SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.23.2 to 3.23.3. See [Alpine 3.23.3 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.23.3-released.html).
+* SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.23.2 to 3.23.3. See [Alpine 3.23.3 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.20.9-3.21.6-3.22.3-3.23.3-released.html).
 * SECURITY: upgrade Go builder from Go1.24.12 to Go1.24.13. See [the list of issues addressed in Go1.24.13](https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.24.13+label%3ACherryPickApproved).
 
 * BUGFIX: VictoriaMetrics [enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise/) [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/) and [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): introduce time‑based manual offset commit for [kafka consumer](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/) to fix performance degradation with enabled manual commit. After this change, the consumer will commit partition offsets in batch per second to avoid high commit QPS on the Kafka broker. It's no longer recommended to set `enable.auto.commit=true` in `-kafka.consumer.topic.options`, as `vmagent` will automatically manage it. See [#10395](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10395).

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2020.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Released at 2020-12-19
 
 * BUGFIX: vmalert: properly populate template variables. This has been broken in v1.50.0. See <https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/974>
 * BUGFIX: properly parse negative combined duration in MetricsQL such as `-1h3m4s`. It must be parsed as `-(1h + 3m + 4s)`. Previously it was parsed as `-1h + 3m + 4s`.
-* BUGFIX: properly parse lines in [Prometheus exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md) and in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md) with whitespace after the timestamp. For example, `foo 123 456 ## some comment here`. See <https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/970>
+* BUGFIX: properly parse lines in [Prometheus exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#prometheus-text-format) and in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md) with whitespace after the timestamp. For example, `foo 123 456 ## some comment here`. See <https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/970>
 
 ## [v1.50.1](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.50.1)
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Released at 2020-12-05
 * FEATURE: upgrade Go builder from v1.15.5 to v1.15.6 . This fixes [issues found in Go since v1.15.5](https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.15.6+label%3ACherryPickApproved).
 
 * BUGFIX: properly parse timestamps in OpenMetrics format - they are exposed as floating-point number in seconds instead of integer milliseconds
-  unlike in Prometheus exposition format. See [the docs](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md#timestamps).
+  unlike in Prometheus exposition format. See [the docs](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#timestamps).
 * BUGFIX: return `nan` for `a >bool b` query when `a` equals to `nan` like Prometheus does. Previously `0` was returned in this case. This applies to any comparison operation
   with `bool` modifier. See [these docs](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/operators/#comparison-binary-operators) for details.
 * BUGFIX: properly parse hex numbers in MetricsQL. Previously hex numbers with non-decimal digits such as `0x3b` couldn't be parsed.
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ Released at 2020-11-26
 * FEATURE: log metric name plus all its labels when the metric timestamp is out of the configured retention. This should simplify detecting the source of metrics with unexpected timestamps.
 * FEATURE: add `-dryRun` command-line flag to single-node VictoriaMetrics in order to check config file pointed by `-promscrape.config`.
 
-* BUGFIX: properly parse Prometheus metrics with [exemplars](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars-1) such as `foo 123 ## {bar="baz"} 1`.
-* BUGFIX: properly parse "infinity" values in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/OpenMetrics.md#abnf).
+* BUGFIX: properly parse Prometheus metrics with [exemplars](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars) such as `foo 123 ## {bar="baz"} 1`.
+* BUGFIX: properly parse "infinity" values in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#abnf).
   See <https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/924>
 
 ## [v1.47.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.47.0)

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2021.md

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Released at 2021-07-15
 * FEATURE: support durations anywhere in [MetricsQL queries](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/). For example, `sum_over_time(m[1h]) / 1h` is a valid query, which is equivalent to `sum_over_time(m[1h]) / 3600`.
 * FEATURE: support durations without suffixes in [MetricsQL queries](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/). For example, `rate(m[3600])` is a valid query, which is equivalent to `rate(m[1h])`.
 * FEATURE: export `vmselect_request_duration_seconds` and `vminsert_request_duration_seconds` [VictoriaMetrics histograms](https://valyala.medium.com/improving-histogram-usability-for-prometheus-and-grafana-bc7e5df0e350) at `/metrics` page. These histograms can be used for determining latency distribution and SLI/SLO for the served requests. For example, the following query would return the percent of queries that took less than 500ms during the last hour: `histogram_share(500ms, sum(rate(vmselect_request_duration_seconds_bucket[1h])) by (vmrange))`.
-* FEATURE: vmagent: dynamically reload client TLS certificates from disk on every [mTLS connection](https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/identity/devices/mutual-tls-authentication). This should allow using `vmagent` with [Istio service mesh](https://istio.io/latest/about/service-mesh/). See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1420).
+* FEATURE: vmagent: dynamically reload client TLS certificates from disk on every [mTLS connection](https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/access-controls/service-credentials/mutual-tls-authentication/). This should allow using `vmagent` with [Istio service mesh](https://istio.io/latest/about/service-mesh/). See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1420).
 * FEATURE: log http request path plus all the query args on errors during request processing. Previously only http request path was logged without query args, so it could be hard debugging such errors.
 * FEATURE: add `is_set` label to `flag` metrics. This allows determining explicitly set command-line flags with the query `flag{is_set="true"}`.
 * FEATURE: add ability to remove caches stored inside `<-storageDataPath>/cache` on startup if `reset_cache_on_startup` file is present there. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1447).
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ Released at 2021-01-13
 * FEATURE: add ability to pass multiple labels to `sort_by_label()` and `sort_by_label_desc()` functions. See <https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/992> .
 * FEATURE: enforce at least TLS v1.2 when accepting HTTPS requests if `-tls`, `-tlsCertFile` and `-tlsKeyFile` command-line flags are set, because older TLS protocols such as v1.0 and v1.1 have been deprecated due to security vulnerabilities.
 * FEATURE: support `extra_label` query arg for all HTTP-based [data ingestion protocols](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-time-series-data). This query arg can be used for specifying extra labels which should be added for the ingested data.
-* FEATURE: vmbackup: increase backup chunk size from 128MB to 1GB. This should reduce the number of Object storage API calls during backups by 8x. This may also reduce costs, since object storage API calls usually have non-zero costs. See <https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/> and <https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing#operations-pricing> .
+* FEATURE: vmbackup: increase backup chunk size from 128MB to 1GB. This should reduce the number of Object storage API calls during backups by 8x. This may also reduce costs, since object storage API calls usually have non-zero costs. See <https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/> and <https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing#operation-charges> .
 
 * BUGFIX: properly parse escaped unicode chars in MetricsQL metric names, label names and function names. See <https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/990>
 * BUGFIX: override user-provided labels with labels set in `extra_label` query args during data ingestion over HTTP-based protocols.

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2022.md

@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ Released at 2022-02-14
 
 Released at 2022-01-18
 
-* FEATURE: [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): add support for `@` modifier, which is enabled by default in Prometheus starting from [Prometheus v2.33.0](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/10121). See [these docs](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#modifier) and [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1348). VictoriaMetrics extends `@` modifier with the following additional features:
+* FEATURE: [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): add support for `@` modifier, which is enabled by default in Prometheus starting from [Prometheus v2.33.0](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/10121). See [these docs](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#-modifier) and [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1348). VictoriaMetrics extends `@` modifier with the following additional features:
   * It can contain arbitrary expression. For example, `foo @ (end() - 1h)` would return `foo` value at `end - 1 hour` timestamp on the selected time range `[start ... end]`. Another example: `foo @ (now() - 10m)` would return `foo` value 10 minutes ago from the current time.
   * It can be put everywhere in the query. For example, `sum(foo) @ start()` would calculate `sum(foo)` at `start` timestamp on the selected time range `[start ... end]`.
 * FEATURE: [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): add support for optional `keep_metric_names` modifier, which can be applied to all the [rollup functions](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/#rollup-functions) and [transform functions](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/#transform-functions). This modifier prevents from deleting metric names from function results. For example, `rate({__name__=~"foo|bar"}[5m]) keep_metric_names` leaves `foo` and `bar` metric names in `rate()` results. This feature provides an additional workaround for [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/949).

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2023.md

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ The v1.93.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.93.0](https:
 * FEATURE: [Official Grafana dashboards for VictoriaMetrics](https://grafana.com/orgs/victoriametrics): add `Concurrent inserts` panel to vmagent's dashboard. The new panel supposed to show whether the number of concurrent inserts processed by vmagent isn't reaching the limit.
 * FEATURE: [Official Grafana dashboards for VictoriaMetrics](https://grafana.com/orgs/victoriametrics): add panels for absolute Mem and CPU usage by vmalert. See related issue [here](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4627).
 * FEATURE: [Official Grafana dashboards for VictoriaMetrics](https://grafana.com/orgs/victoriametrics): correctly calculate `Bytes per point` value for single-server and cluster VM dashboards. Before, the calculation mistakenly accounted for the number of entries in indexdb in denominator, which could have shown lower values than expected.
-* FEATURE: [Alerting rules for VictoriaMetrics](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#alerts): `ConcurrentFlushesHitTheLimit` alerting rule was moved from [single-server](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts.yml) and [cluster](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-cluster.yml) alerts to the [list of "health" alerts](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-health.yml) as it could be related to many VictoriaMetrics components. 
+* FEATURE: [Alerting rules for VictoriaMetrics](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#alerts): `ConcurrentFlushesHitTheLimit` alerting rule was moved from [single-server](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-single-node.yml) and [cluster](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-cluster.yml) alerts to the [list of "health" alerts](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-health.yml) as it could be related to many VictoriaMetrics components.
 
 * BUGFIX: [storage](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): properly set next retention time for indexDB. Previously it may enter into endless retention loop. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4873) for details.
 * BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): return human readable error if opentelemetry has json encoding. Follow-up after [PR](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/2570).
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ Released at 2023-05-18
 * BUGFIX: change the max allowed value for `-memory.allowedPercent` from 100 to 200. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4171).
 * BUGFIX: properly limit the number of [OpenTSDB HTTP](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/opentsdb/#sending-data-via-http) concurrent requests specified via `-maxConcurrentInserts` command-line flag. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4204). Thanks to @zouxiang1993 for [the fix](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/4208).
 * BUGFIX: do not ignore trailing empty field in CSV lines when [importing data in CSV format](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-csv-data). See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4048).
-* BUGFIX: disallow `"` chars when parsing Prometheus label names, since they aren't allowed by [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/main/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-format-example). Previously this could result in silent incorrect parsing of incorrect Prometheus labels such as `foo{"bar"="baz"}` or `{foo:"bar",baz="aaa"}`. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4284).
+* BUGFIX: disallow `"` chars when parsing Prometheus label names, since they aren't allowed by [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#line-format). Previously this could result in silent incorrect parsing of incorrect Prometheus labels such as `foo{"bar"="baz"}` or `{foo:"bar",baz="aaa"}`. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4284).
 * BUGFIX: [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): prevent from possible panic when the number of vmstorage nodes increases when [automatic vmstorage discovery](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#automatic-vmstorage-discovery) is enabled.
 * BUGFIX: [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): fix a panic when the duration in the query contains uppercase `M` suffix. Such a suffix isn't allowed to use in durations, since it clashes with `a million` suffix, e.g. it isn't clear whether `rate(metric[5M])` means rate over 5 minutes, 5 months or 5 million seconds. See [this](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/3589) and [this](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4120) issues.
 * BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): properly handle the `vm_promscrape_config_last_reload_successful` metric after config reload. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4260).
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ The v1.87.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.87.0](https:
 * BUGFIX: reduce the probability of sudden increase in the number of small parts on systems with small number of CPU cores.
 * BUGFIX: reduce the possibility of increased CPU usage when data with timestamps older than one hour is ingested into VictoriaMetrics. This reduces spikes for the graph `sum(rate(vm_slow_per_day_index_inserts_total))`. See [this pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/4258).
 * BUGFIX: do not ignore trailing empty field in CSV lines when [importing data in CSV format](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-csv-data). See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4048).
-* BUGFIX: disallow `"` chars when parsing Prometheus label names, since they aren't allowed by [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/main/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-format-example). Previously this could result in silent incorrect parsing of incorrect Prometheus labels such as `foo{"bar"="baz"}` or `{foo:"bar",baz="aaa"}`. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4284).
+* BUGFIX: disallow `"` chars when parsing Prometheus label names, since they aren't allowed by [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#line-format). Previously this could result in silent incorrect parsing of incorrect Prometheus labels such as `foo{"bar"="baz"}` or `{foo:"bar",baz="aaa"}`. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4284).
 * BUGFIX: [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): fix a panic when the duration in the query contains uppercase `M` suffix. Such a suffix isn't allowed to use in durations, since it clashes with `a million` suffix, e.g. it isn't clear whether `rate(metric[5M])` means rate over 5 minutes, 5 months or 5 million seconds. See [this](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/3589) and [this](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4120) issues.
 * BUGFIX: [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): prevent from possible panic when the number of vmstorage nodes increases when [automatic vmstorage discovery](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#automatic-vmstorage-discovery) is enabled.
 * BUGFIX: properly limit the number of [OpenTSDB HTTP](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/opentsdb/#sending-data-via-http) concurrent requests specified via `-maxConcurrentInserts` command-line flag. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4204). Thanks to @zouxiang1993 for [the fix](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/4208).

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2024.md

@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ The v1.102.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.102.0](http
   * `position` - the position of the aggregation rule in the corresponding streaming aggregation config file
 * FEATURE: [streaming aggregation](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/): prevent having duplicated aggregation function as `outputs` in one [aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config). It also prevents using `outputs: ["quantiles(0.5)", "quantiles(0.9)"]` instead of  `outputs: ["quantiles(0.5, 0.9)"]`, as the former has higher computation cost for producing the same result.
 * FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) and [Single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): add `-graphite.sanitizeMetricName` command-line flag for sanitizing metrics ingested via [Graphite protocol](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/graphite/#ingesting). See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/6077).
-* FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): [`yandexcloud_sd_configs`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/sd_configs/#yandexcloud_sd_configs): add support for obtaining IAM token in [GCE format](https://yandex.cloud/en-ru/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm) additionally to the [deprecated Amazon EC2 IMDSv1 format](https://yandex.cloud/en/docs/security/standard/authentication#aws-token). See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5513).
+* FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): [`yandexcloud_sd_configs`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/sd_configs/#yandexcloud_sd_configs): add support for obtaining IAM token in [GCE format](https://yandex.cloud/en/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm) additionally to the [deprecated Amazon EC2 IMDSv1 format](https://yandex.cloud/en/docs/security/standard/authentication#aws-token). See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5513).
 * FEATURE: [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/): make `-replay.timeTo` optional in [replay mode](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#rules-backfilling). When omitted, the current timestamp will be used. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/6492).
 * FEATURE: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): reduce CPU usage when proxying data ingestion requests.
 * FEATURE: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): allow disabling request body caching with `-maxRequestBodySizeToRetry=0`. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/6445). Thanks to @shichanglin5 for [the pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/6533).
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ Released at 2024-03-01
 * FEATURE: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): preserve [`WITH` templates](https://play.victoriametrics.com/select/0/prometheus/graph/#/expand-with-exprs) when clicking the `prettify query` button at the right side of query input field. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5383).
 * FEATURE: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): allow filling gaps on graphs with interpolated lines as Grafana does. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5152) and [this pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/5862).
 * FEATURE: [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmalert): support filtering by group, rule or labels in [vmalert's UI](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#web) for `/groups` and `/alerts` pages. See [the pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/5791) by @victoramsantos.
-* FEATURE: [docker-compose](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#docker-compose-environment-for-victoriametrics): create a separate [docker-compose environment](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#victoriaLogs-server) for VictoriaLogs installation, including fluentbit and [VictoriaLogs Grafana datasource](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/victorialogs-datasource). See [these docs](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#victoriaLogs-server) for details.
+* FEATURE: [docker-compose](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#docker-compose-environment-for-victoriametrics): create a separate [docker-compose environment](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaLogs/tree/master/deployment/docker#victorialogs-server) for VictoriaLogs installation, including fluentbit and [VictoriaLogs Grafana datasource](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/victorialogs-datasource). See [these docs](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaLogs/tree/master/deployment/docker#victorialogs-server) for details.
 * FEATURE: [vmbackupmanager](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmbackupmanager/): wait for up 30 seconds before making a [snapshot](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-work-with-snapshots) for backup if `vmstorage` is temporarily unavailable. This should prevent from `vmbackupmanager` termination in this case. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5859).
 
 * BUGFIX: downgrade Go builder from `1.22.0` to `1.21.7`, since `1.22.0` contains [the bug](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/65705), which can lead to deadlocked HTTP connections to remote storage systems, scrape targets and service discovery endpoints at [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/). This may result in incorrect service discovery, target scraping and failed sending samples to remote storage.

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG_2025.md

@@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ Released at 2025-01-14
 * BUGFIX: [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/vmalert/): do not append tenant info to VictoriaLogs datasource request path in [clusterMode](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#multitenancy). See [this doc](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/vmalert/#how-to-use-multitenancy-in-rules) for how to use multitenancy in VictoriaLogs.
 * BUGFIX: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): properly set `host` field at debug information formatted with `dump_request_on_errors: true` setting.
 * BUGFIX: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): properly handle discovery for ipv6 addresses. Thanks to @badie for the [pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/7955).
-* BUGFIX: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): fix support for migrating influx series without any tag. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/7921). Thanks to @bitbidu for reporting.
+* BUGFIX: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): fix support for migrating influx series without any tag. See [this pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/7935). Thanks to @bitbidu for reporting.
 * BUGFIX: `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): storage nodes defined in `-storageNode` are now sorted, ensuring that varying node orders across different vminsert instances do not result in inconsistent replication.
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): properly ingest `influx` line protocol metrics with empty tags. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/7933) for details.
 * BUGFIX: [vmselect](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): allow to override the default unique time series limit in vmstorage with command-line flags like `-search.maxUniqueTimeseries`, `-search.maxLabelsAPISeries`. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/7852).
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ The v1.102.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.102.0](http
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/), `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): make instant query results consistent. VictoriaMetrics detects and adjusts scrape interval and while this is very useful for range queries (i.e. this eliminates gaps on the graph), it may cause instant queries to return a non-empty result when no result is expected. The fix is to disable scrape interval detection and always use the step as the scrape interval in instant queries. This will guarantee that the samples are searched within the (time-step, time] interval. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5796) for details.
 * BUGFIX: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): fix cursor reset in query input field. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/7288).
 * BUGFIX: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): properly handle discovery for ipv6 addresses. Thanks to @badie for the [pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/7955).
-* BUGFIX: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): fix support for migrating influx series without any tag. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/7921). Thanks to @bitbidu for reporting.
+* BUGFIX: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): fix support for migrating influx series without any tag. See [this pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/7935). Thanks to @bitbidu for reporting.
 * BUGFIX: `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): storage nodes defined in `-storageNode` are now sorted, ensuring that varying node orders across different vminsert instances do not result in inconsistent replication.
 
 ## [v1.102.9](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.102.9)
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ The v1.97.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.97.0](https:
 * FEATURE: all VictoriaMetrics [enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/enterprise/) components: add support of hot-reload for license key supplied by `-licenseFile` command-line flag.
 
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/), `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): make instant query results consistent. VictoriaMetrics detects and adjusts scrape interval and while this is very useful for range queries (i.e. this eliminates gaps on the graph), it may cause instant queries to return a non-empty result when no result is expected. The fix is to disable scrape interval detection and always use the step as the scrape interval in instant queries. This will guarantee that the samples are searched within the (time-step, time] interval. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5796) for details.
-* BUGFIX: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): fix support for migrating influx series without any tag. See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/7921). Thanks to @bitbidu for reporting.
+* BUGFIX: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): fix support for migrating influx series without any tag. See [this pull request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/7935). Thanks to @bitbidu for reporting.
 * BUGFIX: `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): storage nodes defined in `-storageNode` are now sorted, ensuring that varying node orders across different vminsert instances do not result in inconsistent replication.
 
 ## [v1.97.14](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.97.14)

docs/victoriametrics/integrations/OpenShift.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ menu:
 
 OpenShift uses Prometheus as a core monitoring solution. It cannot be replaced without violating the OpenShift support policy. However, OpenShift can be configured to use VictoriaMetrics as a remote write target.
 
-According to [remote write configuration in the OpenShift documentation](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.18/html/monitoring/configuring-core-platform-monitoring#configuring-remote-write-storage_configuring-metrics), the following manifest needs to be applied to send platform metrics to VictoriaMetrics:
+According to [remote write configuration in the OpenShift documentation](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/monitoring_stack_for_red_hat_openshift/4.18/html/configuring_core_platform_monitoring/configuring-metrics#configuring-remote-write-storage_configuring-metrics), the following manifest needs to be applied to send platform metrics to VictoriaMetrics:
 
 ```yaml
 apiVersion: v1
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ data:
             key: token
 ```
 
-Along with core platform monitoring, OpenShift also supports collecting user workload metrics. See [this guide](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.18/html/monitoring/configuring-user-workload-monitoring) for more information. In order to send user workload metrics to VictoriaMetrics, the following manifest needs to be applied:
+Along with core platform monitoring, OpenShift also supports collecting user workload metrics. See [this guide](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/monitoring_stack_for_red_hat_openshift/4.18/html/configuring_user_workload_monitoring/index) for more information. In order to send user workload metrics to VictoriaMetrics, the following manifest needs to be applied:
 ```yaml
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
@@ -166,6 +166,6 @@ data:
 
 ## References
 
-- [OpenShift Documentation: Core Platform Monitoring](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.18/html/monitoring/configuring-core-platform-monitoring)
-- [OpenShift Documentation: User Workload Monitoring](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.18/html/monitoring/configuring-user-workload-monitoring)
+- [OpenShift Documentation: Core Platform Monitoring](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/monitoring_stack_for_red_hat_openshift/4.18/html/configuring_core_platform_monitoring/index)
+- [OpenShift Documentation: User Workload Monitoring](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/monitoring_stack_for_red_hat_openshift/4.18/html/configuring_user_workload_monitoring/index)
 - [OpenShift Documentation: Hosted Control Planes Overview](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.19/html/hosted_control_planes/hosted-control-planes-overview)

docs/victoriametrics/integrations/grafana/_index.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If you don't see an option to create a data source - try contacting system admin
 
 ## Prometheus datasource
 
-Create [Prometheus datasource](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/datasources/prometheus/configure-prometheus-data-source/)
+Create [Prometheus datasource](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/datasources/prometheus/configure/)
 in Grafana. Follow the same connection instructions as for [VictoriaMetrics datasource](#VictoriaMetrics-datasource).
 
 In the "Type and version" section set the type to "Prometheus" and the version to at least "2.24.x".

docs/victoriametrics/integrations/influxdb.md

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The `/api/v1/export` endpoint should return the following response:
 ## Data transformations
 
 VictoriaMetrics performs the following transformations to the ingested InfluxDB data:
-* [db query arg](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/tools/api/#write-http-endpoint) is mapped into `db`
+* [db query arg](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1/api/write/#operation/PostWrite) is mapped into `db`
   [label](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#labels) value unless `db` tag exists in the InfluxDB line.
   The `db` label name can be overridden via `-influxDBLabel` command-line flag. If more strict data isolation is required,
   read more about multi-tenancy [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#multi-tenancy).

docs/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka.md

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ Use `-kafka.consumer.topic.defaultFormat` or `-kafka.consumer.topic.format` comm
 * `promremotewrite` - [Prometheus remote_write](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#remote_write).
   Messages in this format can be sent by vmagent - see [these docs](#writing-metrics).
 * `influx` - [InfluxDB line protocol format](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/cloud/reference/syntax/line-protocol/).
-* `prometheus` - [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format)
-  and [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md).
+* `prometheus` - [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#prometheus-text-format)
+  and [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md).
 * `graphite` - [Graphite plaintext format](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/latest/feeding-carbon.html#the-plaintext-protocol).
 * `jsonline` - [JSON line format](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format).
 * `opentelemetry`{{% available_from "v1.128.0" %}}  - [Opentelemetry format](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/opentelemetry/)

docs/victoriametrics/integrations/pubsub.md

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Use `-gcp.pubsub.subscribe.defaultMessageFormat` and `-gcp.pubsub.subscribe.topi
 * `promremotewrite` - [Prometheus remote_write](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#remote_write).
   Messages in this format can be sent by vmagent - see [these docs](#writing-metrics).
 * `influx` - [InfluxDB line protocol format](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/cloud/reference/syntax/line-protocol/).
-* `prometheus` - [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format)
-  and [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md).
+* `prometheus` - [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#prometheus-text-format)
+  and [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md).
 * `graphite` - [Graphite plaintext format](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/latest/feeding-carbon.html#the-plaintext-protocol).
 * `jsonline` - [JSON line format](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format).
 

docs/victoriametrics/keyConcepts/keyConcepts.md

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ If the value has more than 12 significant decimal digits, then the less signific
 The `timestamp` is a [Unix timestamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) with millisecond precision.
 
 Below is an example of a single raw sample
-in [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/main/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format):
+in [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#prometheus-text-format):
 
 ```
 requests_total{path="/", code="200"} 123 4567890
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ The basic monitoring setup of VictoriaMetrics and vmagent is described
 in the [example docker-compose manifest](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#readme).
 In this example vmagent [scrapes a list of targets](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/prometheus-vm-single.yml)
 and [forwards collected data to VictoriaMetrics](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/9751ea10983d42068487624849cac7ad6fd7e1d8/deployment/docker/compose-vm-single.yml#L16).
-VictoriaMetrics is then used as a [datasource for Grafana](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/provisioning/datasources/prometheus-datasource/single.yml)
+VictoriaMetrics is then used as a [datasource for Grafana](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/provisioning/datasources/prometheus/single.yml)
 installation for querying collected data.
 
 VictoriaMetrics components allow building more advanced topologies. For example, vmagents can push metrics from separate datacenters to the central VictoriaMetrics:
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Params:
 * `time` - optional, [timestamp](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#timestamp-formats)
   in millisecond precision to evaluate the `query` at. If omitted, `time` is set to `now()` (current timestamp).
   The `time` param can be specified in [multiple allowed formats](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#timestamp-formats).
-* `step` - optional [interval](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-durations)
+* `step` - optional [interval](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#float-literals-and-time-durations)
   for searching for raw samples in the past when executing the `query` (used when a sample is missing at the specified `time`).
   For example, the request `/api/v1/query?query=up&step=1m` looks for the last written raw sample for the metric `up`
   in the `(now()-1m, now()]` interval (the first millisecond is not included). If omitted, `step` is set to `5m` (5 minutes)
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ Params:
 * `end` - the ending [timestamp](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#timestamp-formats)
   of the time range for `query` evaluation.
   If the `end` isn't set, then the `end` is automatically set to the current time.
-* `step` - the [interval](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-durations) 
+* `step` - the [interval](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#float-literals-and-time-durations)
   between data points, which must be returned from the range query.
   The `query` is executed at `start`, `start+step`, `start+2*step`, ..., `start+N*step` timestamps,
   where `N` is the whole number of steps that fit between `start` and `end`.
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total)
 By default, VictoriaMetrics calculates the `rate` over [raw samples](#raw-samples) on the lookbehind window specified in the `step` param
 passed either to [instant query](#instant-query) or to [range query](#range-query).
 The interval on which `rate` needs to be calculated can be specified explicitly
-as [duration](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-durations) in square brackets:
+as [duration](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#float-literals-and-time-durations) in square brackets:
 
 ```metricsql
  rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[5m])

docs/victoriametrics/scrape_config_examples.md

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/sd_configs/#ht
 The following [`-promscrape.config`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-scrape-prometheus-exporters-such-as-node-exporter)
 instructs discovering and scraping metrics for all the containers with the name `my-super-app`.
 It is expected that these containers expose only a single TCP port, which serves its metrics at `/metrics` page
-according to [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format):
+according to [Prometheus text exposition format](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#prometheus-text-format):
 
 ```yaml
 scrape_configs:

docs/victoriametrics/sd_configs.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ supports the following Prometheus-compatible service discovery options for Prome
 * `http_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping targets provided by external http-based service discovery. See [these docs](#http_sd_configs).
 * `kubernetes_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) targets. See [these docs](#kubernetes_sd_configs).
 * `kuma_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping [Kuma](https://kuma.io) targets. See [these docs](#kuma_sd_configs).
-* `marathon_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping [Marathon](https://mesosphere.github.io/marathon/) targets. See [these docs](#marathon_sd_configs).
+* `marathon_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping [Marathon](https://github.com/d2iq-archive/marathon) targets. See [these docs](#marathon_sd_configs).
 * `nomad_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping targets registered in [HashiCorp Nomad](https://www.nomadproject.io/). See [these docs](#nomad_sd_configs).
 * `openstack_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping OpenStack targets. See [these docs](#openstack_sd_configs).
 * `ovhcloud_sd_configs` is for discovering and scraping OVH Cloud VPS and dedicated server targets. See [these docs](#ovhcloud_sd_configs).
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ The list of discovered Consul Agent targets is refreshed at the interval, which
 
 ## digitalocean_sd_configs
 
-DigitalOcean SD configuration allows retrieving scrape targets from [DigitalOcean's Droplets API](https://docs.digitalocean.com/reference/api/api-reference/#tag/Droplets).
+DigitalOcean SD configuration allows retrieving scrape targets from [DigitalOcean's Droplets API](https://docs.digitalocean.com/reference/api/reference/droplets/).
 
 Configuration example:
 
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ The list of discovered Kuma targets is refreshed at the interval, which can be c
 
 ## marathon_sd_configs
 
-Marathon SD configuration {{% available_from "v1.109.0" %}} allows retrieving scrape targets from [Marathon](https://mesosphere.github.io/marathon/) REST API.
+Marathon SD configuration {{% available_from "v1.109.0" %}} allows retrieving scrape targets from [Marathon](https://github.com/d2iq-archive/marathon) REST API.
 
 Configuration example:
 
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ The list of discovered Marathon targets is refreshed at the interval, which can
 
 ## nomad_sd_configs
 
-Nomad SD configuration allows retrieving scrape targets from [HashiCorp Nomad Services](https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/nomad-service-discovery).
+Nomad SD configuration allows retrieving scrape targets from [HashiCorp Nomad Services](https://www.hashicorp.com/en/blog/nomad-service-discovery).
 
 Configuration example:
 

docs/victoriametrics/vmalert.md

@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ to set the `-datasource.appendTypePrefix` flag to `true`, so vmalert can adjust
 
 ###### Prometheus
 
-vmalert uses [Prometheus HTTP API](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/#http-api) for querying
+vmalert uses [Prometheus HTTP API](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/) for querying
 and [Prometheus Remote Write v1 protocol](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/prw/remote_write_spec/) for persisting
 recording rules results and alerting state. Hence, it can be integrated with any Prometheus-compatible storage
 that supports these protocols.

docs/victoriametrics/vmctl/influxdb.md

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Here's an example of importing timeseries for one day only:
   --influx-filter-time-end "2020-01-01T15:07:00Z"
  ```
 
-See more about [time filtering in InfluxDB](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/query_language/schema_exploration#filter-meta-queries-by-time).
+See more about [time filtering in InfluxDB](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1/query_language/explore-schema/#filter-meta-queries-by-time).
 
 ## InfluxDB v2
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Increase `--influx-concurrency` to execute more read requests concurrently. But
 during migration.
 
 The flag `--influx-chunk-size` controls the max amount of datapoints to return in single chunk from fetch requests.
-Please see more details [here](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/guides/querying_data/#chunking).
+Please see more details [here](https://archive.docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.2/guides/querying_data/#chunking).
 The chunk size is used to control InfluxDB memory usage, so it won't OOM on processing large timeseries with
 billions of datapoints.
 
@@ -111,4 +111,4 @@ See general [vmctl migration tips](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametr
 
 See `./vmctl influx --help` for details and full list of flags:
 
-{{% content "vmctl_influx_flags.md" %}}
+{{% content "vmctl_influx_flags.md" %}}

docs/victoriametrics/vmgateway.md

@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ Below is the list of configuration flags (it can be viewed by running `./vmgatew
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 * Access control:
-  * incorrect `jwt` format, try <https://jwt.io/#debugger-io> with our tokens
+  * incorrect `jwt` format, try <https://www.jwt.io/> with our tokens
   * expired token, check `exp` field.
 * Rate Limiting:
   * `scrape_interval` at the datasource, reduce it to apply limits faster.

lib/handshake/buffered_conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package handshake
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/encoding/zstd"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fasttime"
+)
+
+type bufferedWriter interface {
+	Write(p []byte) (int, error)
+	Flush() error
+}
+
+// BufferedConn is a net.Conn with Flush suport.
+type BufferedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+
+	// IsLegacy defines if BufferedConn operates in legacy mode
+	// and doesn't support RPC protocol
+	IsLegacy bool
+
+	br io.Reader
+	bw bufferedWriter
+
+	readDeadline  time.Time
+	writeDeadline time.Time
+}
+
+const bufferSize = 64 * 1024
+
+// newBufferedConn returns buffered connection with the given compression level.
+func newBufferedConn(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int, isReadCompressed bool) *BufferedConn {
+	bc := &BufferedConn{
+		Conn: c,
+	}
+	if compressionLevel <= 0 {
+		bc.bw = bufio.NewWriterSize(c, bufferSize)
+	} else {
+		bc.bw = zstd.NewWriterLevel(c, compressionLevel)
+	}
+	if !isReadCompressed {
+		bc.br = bufio.NewReaderSize(c, bufferSize)
+	} else {
+		bc.br = zstd.NewReader(c)
+	}
+	return bc
+}
+
+// SetDeadline sets read and write deadlines for bc to t.
+//
+// Deadline is checked on each Read and Write call.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	bc.readDeadline = t
+	bc.writeDeadline = t
+	return bc.Conn.SetDeadline(t)
+}
+
+// SetReadDeadline sets read deadline for bc to t.
+//
+// Deadline is checked on each Read call.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	bc.readDeadline = t
+	return bc.Conn.SetReadDeadline(t)
+}
+
+// SetWriteDeadline sets write deadline for bc to t.
+//
+// Deadline is checked on each Write call.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	bc.writeDeadline = t
+	return bc.Conn.SetWriteDeadline(t)
+}
+
+// Read reads up to len(p) from bc to p.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	startTime := fasttime.UnixTimestamp()
+	if deadlineExceeded(bc.readDeadline, startTime) {
+		return 0, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
+	}
+	n, err := bc.br.Read(p)
+	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("cannot read data in %d seconds: %w", fasttime.UnixTimestamp()-startTime, err)
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// Write writes p to bc.
+//
+// Do not forget to call Flush if needed.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	startTime := fasttime.UnixTimestamp()
+	if deadlineExceeded(bc.writeDeadline, startTime) {
+		return 0, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
+	}
+	n, err := bc.bw.Write(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("cannot write data in %d seconds: %w", fasttime.UnixTimestamp()-startTime, err)
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func deadlineExceeded(deadline time.Time, currentTimestamp uint64) bool {
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return false
+	}
+	return currentTimestamp > uint64(deadline.Unix())
+}
+
+// Close closes bc.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) Close() error {
+	// Close the Conn at first. It is expected that all the required data
+	// is already flushed to the Conn.
+	err := bc.Conn.Close()
+	bc.Conn = nil
+
+	if zr, ok := bc.br.(*zstd.Reader); ok {
+		zr.Release()
+	}
+	bc.br = nil
+
+	if zw, ok := bc.bw.(*zstd.Writer); ok {
+		// Do not call zw.Close(), since we already closed the underlying conn.
+		zw.Release()
+	}
+	bc.bw = nil
+
+	bc.IsLegacy = false
+	return err
+}
+
+// Flush flushes internal write buffers to the underlying conn.
+func (bc *BufferedConn) Flush() error {
+	return bc.bw.Flush()
+}

lib/handshake/handshake.go

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+package handshake
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+)
+
+var rpcHandshakeTimeout = flag.Duration("rpc.handshakeTimeout", 5*time.Second, "Timeout for RPC handshake between vminsert/vmselect and vmstorage. Increase this value if transient handshake failures occur. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/troubleshooting/#cluster-instability section for more details.")
+
+const (
+	vminsertHelloLegacyVersion = "vminsert.02"
+	vminsertHello              = "vminsert.03"
+	vmselectHello              = "vmselect.01"
+
+	successResponse = "ok"
+)
+
+// Func must perform handshake on the given c using the given compressionLevel.
+//
+// It must return BufferedConn wrapper for c on successful handshake.
+type Func func(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error)
+
+// VMInsertClientWithDialer performs client-side handshake for vminsert protocol.
+//
+// it uses provided dial func to establish connection to the server.
+// compressionLevel is a legacy option which defines the level used for compression of the data sent
+// to the server.
+// compressionLevel <= 0 means 'no compression'
+func VMInsertClientWithDialer(dial func() (net.Conn, error), compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	c, err := dial()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial error: %w", err)
+	}
+	bc, err := vminsertClient(c, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		return bc, nil
+	}
+	_ = c.Close()
+	// fallback only if vmstorage closed connection at read success response
+	if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cannot read success response after sending hello") {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// try to fallback to the prev non-RPC API version
+	// we cannot re-use exist connection, since vmstorage already closed it
+	c, err = dial()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial error: %w", err)
+	}
+	bc, err = genericClient(c, vminsertHelloLegacyVersion, compressionLevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("legacy handshake error: %w", err)
+	}
+	bc.IsLegacy = true
+	logger.Infof("server=%q doesn't support new RPC version, fallback to the legacy format", c.RemoteAddr())
+	return bc, nil
+}
+
+func vminsertClient(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	return genericClient(c, vminsertHello, compressionLevel)
+}
+
+// VMInsertClientWithHello performs client-side handshake for vminsert protocol.
+//
+// should be used for testing only
+func VMInsertClientWithHello(c net.Conn, helloMsg string, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	return genericClient(c, helloMsg, compressionLevel)
+}
+
+// VMInsertServer performs server-side handshake for vminsert protocol.
+//
+// compressionLevel is the level used for compression of the data sent
+// to the client.
+// compressionLevel <= 0 means 'no compression'
+func VMInsertServer(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+
+	var isRPCSupported bool
+	bc, err := genericServer(c, compressionLevel, func(c net.Conn) error {
+		buf, err := readData(c, len(vminsertHello))
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				// This is likely a TCP healthcheck, which must be ignored in order to prevent logs pollution.
+				// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1762
+				return errTCPHealthcheck
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot read hello: %w", err)
+		}
+		isRPCSupported = string(buf) == vminsertHello
+		if !isRPCSupported {
+			// try to fallback to the previous protocol version
+			if string(buf) != vminsertHelloLegacyVersion {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected message obtained; got %q; want %q", buf, vminsertHello)
+			}
+			logger.Infof("client=%q doesn't support new RPC version, fallback to the legacy format", c.RemoteAddr())
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bc.IsLegacy = !isRPCSupported
+	return bc, nil
+}
+
+// VMInsertServerWithLegacyHello performs server-side handshake for vminsert protocol
+// with legacy hello  message
+//
+// should be used for testing only
+func VMInsertServerWithLegacyHello(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+
+	bc, err := genericServer(c, compressionLevel, func(c net.Conn) error {
+		return readMessage(c, vminsertHelloLegacyVersion)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bc.IsLegacy = true
+	return bc, nil
+}
+
+// VMSelectClient performs client-side handshake for vmselect protocol.
+//
+// compressionLevel is the level used for compression of the data sent
+// to the server.
+// compressionLevel <= 0 means 'no compression'
+func VMSelectClient(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	return genericClient(c, vmselectHello, compressionLevel)
+}
+
+// VMSelectServer performs server-side handshake for vmselect protocol.
+//
+// compressionLevel is the level used for compression of the data sent
+// to the client.
+// compressionLevel <= 0 means 'no compression'
+func VMSelectServer(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	return genericServer(c, compressionLevel, func(c net.Conn) error {
+		err := readMessage(c, vmselectHello)
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			// This is likely a TCP healthcheck, which must be ignored in order to prevent logs pollution.
+			// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1762 and https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10786
+			return errTCPHealthcheck
+		}
+		return err
+	})
+}
+
+// errTCPHealthcheck indicates that the connection was opened as part of a TCP health check
+// and was closed immediately after being established.
+//
+// This is expected behavior and can be safely ignored.
+var errTCPHealthcheck = fmt.Errorf("TCP health check connection – safe to ignore")
+
+// IsTCPHealthcheck determines whether the provided error is a TCP health check
+func IsTCPHealthcheck(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, errTCPHealthcheck)
+}
+
+// IsClientNetworkError determines whether the provided error is a client-side network error,
+// such as io.EOF, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF, or a timeout.
+// These errors typically occur when a client disconnects abruptly or fails during the handshake,
+// and are generally non-actionable from the server point of view.
+// This function helps distinguish such errors from critical ones during the handshake process
+// and adjust logging accordingly.
+//
+// See: https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics-enterprise/pull/880
+func IsClientNetworkError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if IsTimeoutNetworkError(err) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if errMsg := err.Error(); strings.Contains(errMsg, "broken pipe") || strings.Contains(errMsg, "reset by peer") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// IsTimeoutNetworkError determines whether the provided error is a network error with a timeout.
+func IsTimeoutNetworkError(err error) bool {
+	var ne net.Error
+	if errors.As(err, &ne) && ne.Timeout() {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func genericServer(c net.Conn, compressionLevel int, readHelloMessage func(c net.Conn) error) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	if err := c.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(*rpcHandshakeTimeout)); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot set deadline: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := readHelloMessage(c); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read hello message : %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeMessage(c, successResponse); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write success response on isCompressed: %w", err)
+	}
+	isRemoteCompressed, err := readIsCompressed(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read isCompressed flag: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeMessage(c, successResponse); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write success response on isCompressed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeIsCompressed(c, compressionLevel > 0); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write isCompressed flag: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := readMessage(c, successResponse); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read success response on isCompressed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := c.SetDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot reset deadline: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	bc := newBufferedConn(c, compressionLevel, isRemoteCompressed)
+	return bc, nil
+}
+
+func genericClient(c net.Conn, msg string, compressionLevel int) (*BufferedConn, error) {
+	if err := c.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(*rpcHandshakeTimeout)); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot set deadline: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := writeMessage(c, msg); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write hello: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := readMessage(c, successResponse); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read success response after sending hello: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeIsCompressed(c, compressionLevel > 0); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write isCompressed flag: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := readMessage(c, successResponse); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read success response on isCompressed: %w", err)
+	}
+	isRemoteCompressed, err := readIsCompressed(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read isCompressed flag: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeMessage(c, successResponse); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write success response on isCompressed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := c.SetDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot reset deadline: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	bc := newBufferedConn(c, compressionLevel, isRemoteCompressed)
+	return bc, nil
+}
+
+func writeIsCompressed(c net.Conn, isCompressed bool) error {
+	var buf [1]byte
+	if isCompressed {
+		buf[0] = 1
+	}
+	return writeMessage(c, string(buf[:]))
+}
+
+func readIsCompressed(c net.Conn) (bool, error) {
+	buf, err := readData(c, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	isCompressed := buf[0] != 0
+	return isCompressed, nil
+}
+
+func writeMessage(c net.Conn, msg string) error {
+	if _, err := io.WriteString(c, msg); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write %q to server: %w", msg, err)
+	}
+	if fc, ok := c.(flusher); ok {
+		if err := fc.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot flush %q to server: %w", msg, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type flusher interface {
+	Flush() error
+}
+
+func readMessage(c net.Conn, msg string) error {
+	buf, err := readData(c, len(msg))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if string(buf) != msg {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected message obtained; got %q; want %q", buf, msg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func readData(c net.Conn, dataLen int) ([]byte, error) {
+	data := make([]byte, dataLen)
+	if n, err := io.ReadFull(c, data); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read message with size %d: %w; read only %d bytes", dataLen, err, n)
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}

lib/handshake/handshake_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package handshake
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestVMInsertHandshake(t *testing.T) {
+	testHandshake(t, vminsertClient, VMInsertServer)
+}
+
+func TestVMSelectHandshake(t *testing.T) {
+	testHandshake(t, VMSelectClient, VMSelectServer)
+}
+
+func TestVMSelectServerTCPHealthcheck(t *testing.T) {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot start listener: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	c, err := net.Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot dial: %s", err)
+	}
+	if err := c.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot close client conn: %s", err)
+	}
+	s, err := ln.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot accept conn: %s", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := VMSelectServer(s, 0); !IsTCPHealthcheck(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error; got %v; want TCP healthcheck error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func testHandshake(t *testing.T, clientFunc, serverFunc Func) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	c, s := net.Pipe()
+	ch := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		bcs, err := serverFunc(s, 3)
+		if err != nil {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("error on outer handshake: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+		bcc, err := clientFunc(bcs, 3)
+		if err != nil {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("error on inner handshake: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if bcc == nil {
+			ch <- fmt.Errorf("expecting non-nil conn")
+			return
+		}
+		ch <- nil
+	}()
+
+	bcc, err := clientFunc(c, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error on outer handshake: %s", err)
+	}
+	bcs, err := serverFunc(bcc, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error on inner handshake: %s", err)
+	}
+	if bcs == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil conn")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("timeout")
+	case err := <-ch:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error on the server side: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/promscrape/discovery/yandexcloud/api.go

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func getCreds(cfg *apiConfig) (*apiCredentials, error) {
 // See https://cloud.yandex.com/en-ru/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm
 func getInstanceCreds(cfg *apiConfig) (*apiCredentials, error) {
 	// Try obtaining GCE-like creds at first.
-	// See https://yandex.cloud/en-ru/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm
+	// See https://yandex.cloud/en/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm
 	creds, err := getGCEInstanceCreds(cfg)
 	if err == nil {
 		return creds, nil
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func getInstanceCreds(cfg *apiConfig) (*apiCredentials, error) {
 
 // getGCEInstanceCreds gets Yandex Cloud IAM token using GCE API
 //
-// See https://yandex.cloud/en-ru/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm
+// See https://yandex.cloud/en/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm
 func getGCEInstanceCreds(cfg *apiConfig) (*apiCredentials, error) {
 	endpoint := "http://169.254.169.254/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/default/token"
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, endpoint, nil)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ func getGCEInstanceCreds(cfg *apiConfig) (*apiCredentials, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// See https://yandex.cloud/en-ru/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm
+// See https://yandex.cloud/en/docs/compute/operations/vm-connect/auth-inside-vm#auth-inside-vm
 type gceAPICredentials struct {
 	AccessToken string `json:"access_token"`
 	ExpiresIn   int    `json:"expires_in"`

lib/protoparser/prometheus/parser.go

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func (r *Row) unmarshal(s string, tagsPool []Tag, noEscapes bool) ([]Tag, error)
 		// This looks like OpenMetrics timestamp in Unix seconds.
 		// Convert it to milliseconds.
 		//
-		// See https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md#timestamps
+		// See https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#timestamps
 		ts *= 1000
 	}
 	r.Timestamp = int64(ts)
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ func unmarshalMetadata(dst []Metadata, s string, errLogger func(s string)) []Met
 			// "untyped" is the Prometheus exposition format name; "unknown" is the OpenMetrics equivalent.
 			md.Type = prompb.MetricTypeUnknown
 		case "info":
-			// OpenMetrics info type - see https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md
+			// OpenMetrics info type - see https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md
 			md.Type = prompb.MetricTypeInfo
 		case "gaugehistogram":
 			// OpenMetrics GaugeHistogram type

lib/protoparser/prometheus/parser_test.go

@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ cassandra_token_ownership_ratio 78.9`, &Rows{
 		}},
 	})
 
-	// Exemplars - see https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars-1
+	// Exemplars - see https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars
 	f(`foo_bucket{le="10",a="#b"} 17 # {trace_id="oHg5SJ#YRHA0"} 9.8 1520879607.789
 	   abc 123 456 # foobar
 	   foo   344#bar`, &Rows{
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ cassandra_token_ownership_ratio 78.9`, &Rows{
 	})
 
 	// "Infinity" word - this has been added in OpenMetrics.
-	// See https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/OpenMetrics.md
+	// See https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md
 	// Checks for https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/924
 	inf := math.Inf(1)
 	f(`
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ cassandra_token_ownership_ratio 78.9
 		}},
 	}, &MetadataRows{})
 
-	// Exemplars - see https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars-1
+	// Exemplars - see https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#exemplars
 	f(`foo_bucket{le="10",a="#b"} 17 # {trace_id="oHg5SJ#YRHA0"} 9.8 1520879607.789
 	   abc 123 456 # foobar
 	   foo   344#bar`, &Rows{
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ cassandra_token_ownership_ratio 78.9
 	}, &MetadataRows{})
 
 	// "Infinity" word - this has been added in OpenMetrics.
-	// See https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/OpenMetrics.md
+	// See https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md
 	// Checks for https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/924
 	inf := math.Inf(1)
 	f(`

lib/storage/metric_name.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package storage
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/encoding"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/slicesutil"
 )
@@ -494,25 +496,6 @@ func MarshalMetricNameRaw(dst []byte, labels []prompb.Label) []byte {
 	return dst
 }
 
-// marshalRaw marshals mn to dst and returns the result.
-//
-// The results may be unmarshaled with MetricName.UnmarshalRaw.
-//
-// This function is for testing purposes. MarshalMetricNameRaw must be used
-// in prod instead.
-func (mn *MetricName) marshalRaw(dst []byte) []byte {
-	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, nil)
-	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, mn.MetricGroup)
-
-	mn.sortTags()
-	for i := range mn.Tags {
-		tag := &mn.Tags[i]
-		dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, tag.Key)
-		dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, tag.Value)
-	}
-	return dst
-}
-
 // UnmarshalRaw unmarshals mn encoded with MarshalMetricNameRaw.
 func (mn *MetricName) UnmarshalRaw(src []byte) error {
 	mn.Reset()
@@ -539,12 +522,18 @@ func (mn *MetricName) UnmarshalRaw(src []byte) error {
 }
 
 func marshalStringFast(dst []byte, s string) []byte {
+	if len(s) > math.MaxUint16 {
+		logger.Panicf("BUG: s len %d cannot exceed %d", len(s), math.MaxUint16)
+	}
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint16(dst, uint16(len(s)))
 	dst = append(dst, s...)
 	return dst
 }
 
 func marshalBytesFast(dst []byte, s []byte) []byte {
+	if len(s) > math.MaxUint16 {
+		logger.Panicf("BUG: s len %d cannot exceed %d", len(s), math.MaxUint16)
+	}
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint16(dst, uint16(len(s)))
 	dst = append(dst, s...)
 	return dst

lib/storage/metric_name_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,25 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+// marshalRaw marshals mn to dst and returns the result.
+//
+// The results may be unmarshaled with MetricName.UnmarshalRaw.
+//
+// This function is for testing purposes. MarshalMetricNameRaw must be used
+// in prod instead.
+func (mn *MetricName) marshalRaw(dst []byte) []byte {
+	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, nil)
+	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, mn.MetricGroup)
+
+	mn.sortTags()
+	for i := range mn.Tags {
+		tag := &mn.Tags[i]
+		dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, tag.Key)
+		dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, tag.Value)
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
 func TestMetricNameString(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(mn *MetricName, resultExpected string) {
 		t.Helper()

lib/storage/metricsmetadata/row.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package metricsmetadata
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/encoding"
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ type Row struct {
 }
 
 // MarshalTo serializes Row into provided buffer and returns result
-func (mr *Row) MarshalTo(dst []byte) []byte {
+func (mr *Row) MarshalTo(dst []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	dstLen := len(dst)
 	// tenant information (accountID and projectID)
 	dstSize := dstLen + 8
@@ -37,10 +38,20 @@ func (mr *Row) MarshalTo(dst []byte) []byte {
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, mr.AccountID)
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, mr.ProjectID)
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, uint32(mr.Type))
-	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, mr.MetricFamilyName)
-	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, mr.Help)
-	dst = marshalBytesFast(dst, mr.Unit)
-	return dst
+	var err error
+	dst, err = marshalBytesFast(dst, mr.MetricFamilyName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return dst, fmt.Errorf("cannot marshal MetricFamilyName: %w", err)
+	}
+	dst, err = marshalBytesFast(dst, mr.Help)
+	if err != nil {
+		return dst, fmt.Errorf("cannot marshal Help: %w", err)
+	}
+	dst, err = marshalBytesFast(dst, mr.Unit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return dst, fmt.Errorf("cannot marshal Unit: %w", err)
+	}
+	return dst, nil
 }
 
 // Unmarshal parses Row from provided buffer and returns tail buffer
@@ -126,8 +137,11 @@ func UnmarshalRows(dst []Row, src []byte, maxRows int) ([]Row, []byte, error) {
 	return dst, src, nil
 }
 
-func marshalBytesFast(dst []byte, s []byte) []byte {
+func marshalBytesFast(dst []byte, s []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(s) > math.MaxUint16 {
+		return dst, fmt.Errorf("size of s: %d cannot exceed max uint16", len(s))
+	}
 	dst = encoding.MarshalUint16(dst, uint16(len(s)))
 	dst = append(dst, s...)
-	return dst
+	return dst, nil
 }

lib/storage/search.go

@@ -325,6 +325,17 @@ func (s *Search) NextMetricBlock() bool {
 
 // SearchQuery is used for sending search queries from vmselect to vmstorage.
 type SearchQuery struct {
+	AccountID uint32
+	ProjectID uint32
+
+	// TenantTokens and IsMultiTenant is artificial fields
+	// they're only exist at runtime and cannot be transferred
+	// via network calls for keeping communication protocol compatibility
+	// TODO:@f41gh7 introduce breaking change to the protocol later
+	// and use TenantTokens instead of AccountID and ProjectID
+	TenantTokens  []TenantToken
+	IsMultiTenant bool
+
 	// The time range for searching time series
 	MinTimestamp int64
 	MaxTimestamp int64
@@ -473,7 +484,16 @@ func (sq *SearchQuery) String() string {
 	start := TimestampToHumanReadableFormat(sq.MinTimestamp)
 	end := TimestampToHumanReadableFormat(sq.MaxTimestamp)
 	a := sq.FiltersString()
-	return fmt.Sprintf("filters=%s, timeRange=[%s..%s]", a, start, end)
+	if !sq.IsMultiTenant {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("accountID=%d, projectID=%d, filters=%s, timeRange=[%s..%s]", sq.AccountID, sq.ProjectID, a, start, end)
+	}
+	tts := make([]string, len(sq.TenantTokens))
+	for i, tt := range sq.TenantTokens {
+		tts[i] = tt.String()
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("tenants=[%s], filters=%s, timeRange=[%s..%s]", strings.Join(tts, ","), a, start, end)
+
 }
 
 // FiltersString returns string representation of the tag filters.
@@ -493,8 +513,9 @@ func tagFiltersToString(tfs []TagFilter) string {
 	return "{" + strings.Join(a, ",") + "}"
 }
 
-// Marshal appends marshaled sq to dst and returns the result.
-func (sq *SearchQuery) Marshal(dst []byte) []byte {
+// MarshalWithoutTenant appends marshaled sq without AccountID/ProjectID to dst and returns the result.
+// It is expected that TenantToken is already marshaled to dst.
+func (sq *SearchQuery) MarshalWithoutTenant(dst []byte) []byte {
 	dst = encoding.MarshalVarInt64(dst, sq.MinTimestamp)
 	dst = encoding.MarshalVarInt64(dst, sq.MaxTimestamp)
 	dst = encoding.MarshalVarUint64(dst, uint64(len(sq.TagFilterss)))
@@ -504,11 +525,25 @@ func (sq *SearchQuery) Marshal(dst []byte) []byte {
 			dst = tagFilters[i].Marshal(dst)
 		}
 	}
+	dst = encoding.MarshalUint32(dst, uint32(sq.MaxMetrics))
 	return dst
 }
 
 // Unmarshal unmarshals sq from src and returns the tail.
 func (sq *SearchQuery) Unmarshal(src []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(src) < 4 {
+		return src, fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal AccountID: too short src len: %d; must be at least %d bytes", len(src), 4)
+	}
+	sq.AccountID = encoding.UnmarshalUint32(src)
+	src = src[4:]
+
+	if len(src) < 4 {
+		return src, fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal ProjectID: too short src len: %d; must be at least %d bytes", len(src), 4)
+	}
+	sq.ProjectID = encoding.UnmarshalUint32(src)
+	src = src[4:]
+
+	sq.TenantTokens = []TenantToken{{AccountID: sq.AccountID, ProjectID: sq.ProjectID}}
 	minTs, nSize := encoding.UnmarshalVarInt64(src)
 	if nSize <= 0 {
 		return src, fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal MinTimestamp from varint")
@@ -549,6 +584,12 @@ func (sq *SearchQuery) Unmarshal(src []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		sq.TagFilterss[i] = tagFilters
 	}
 
+	if len(src) < 4 {
+		return src, fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal MaxMetrics: too short src len: %d; must be at least %d bytes", len(src), 4)
+	}
+	sq.MaxMetrics = int(encoding.UnmarshalUint32(src))
+	src = src[4:]
+
 	return src, nil
 }
 

lib/storage/search_test.go

@@ -32,7 +32,12 @@ func TestSearchQueryMarshalUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 			// Skip nil sq1.
 			continue
 		}
-		buf = sq1.Marshal(buf[:0])
+		tt := TenantToken{
+			AccountID: sq1.AccountID,
+			ProjectID: sq1.ProjectID,
+		}
+		buf = tt.Marshal(buf[:0])
+		buf = sq1.MarshalWithoutTenant(buf)
 
 		tail, err := sq2.Unmarshal(buf)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -41,6 +46,12 @@ func TestSearchQueryMarshalUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 		if len(tail) > 0 {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected tail left after SearchQuery unmarshaling; tail (len=%d): %q", len(tail), tail)
 		}
+		if sq2.AccountID != sq1.AccountID {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected AccountID; got %d; want %d", sq2.AccountID, sq1.AccountID)
+		}
+		if sq2.ProjectID != sq1.ProjectID {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected ProjectID; got %d; want %d", sq2.ProjectID, sq1.ProjectID)
+		}
 		if sq1.MinTimestamp != sq2.MinTimestamp {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected MinTimestamp; got %d; want %d", sq2.MinTimestamp, sq1.MinTimestamp)
 		}

lib/timeserieslimits/timeseries_limits.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package timeserieslimits
 
 import (
+	"math"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/atomicutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/prometheus"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -44,6 +46,9 @@ func Init(inputMaxLabelsPerTimeseries, inputMaxLabelNameLen, inputMaxLabelValueL
 	_ = metrics.GetOrCreateGauge(`vm_rows_ignored_total{reason="too_long_label_value"}`, func() float64 {
 		return float64(ignoredSeriesWithTooLongLabelValue.Load())
 	})
+	_ = metrics.GetOrCreateGauge(`vm_rows_ignored_total{reason="too_long_metric_metadata_value"}`, func() float64 {
+		return float64(ignoredMetricsMetadataWithTooLongValue.Load())
+	})
 }
 
 var (
@@ -61,6 +66,8 @@ var (
 
 	// ignoredSeriesWithTooLongLabelValue is the number of ignored series which contain labels with too long values
 	ignoredSeriesWithTooLongLabelValue atomicutil.Uint64
+
+	ignoredMetricsMetadataWithTooLongValue atomicutil.Uint64
 )
 
 func trackIgnoredSeriesWithTooManyLabels(labels []prompb.Label) {
@@ -132,3 +139,56 @@ func IsExceeding(labels []prompb.Label) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+func trackIgnoredMetricMetadataWithTooLongValue(fieldName, metricName string, fieldSize int) {
+	ignoredMetricsMetadataWithTooLongValue.Add(1)
+	select {
+	case <-ignoredSeriesWithTooLongLabelValueLogTicker.C:
+		// Do not call logger.WithThrottler() here, since this will result in increased CPU usage
+		logger.Warnf("ignoring metric metadata with metric name %q; field %q value length=%d exceeds %d limit; "+
+			"reduce the size of field at metric metadata source.",
+			metricName, fieldName, fieldSize, metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize)
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+// metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize defines max size of string fields at MetricMetadata
+// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/11128 for details
+const metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize = math.MaxUint16
+
+// IsMetricMetadataExceeding returns true if prompb.MetricMetadata Help, MetricFamilyName, or Unit field value size exceed the 64KiB limit.
+//
+// Additionally, it increments the corresponding metrics and prints warning messages to the log.
+func IsMetricMetadataExceeding(md *prompb.MetricMetadata) bool {
+	if len(md.Help) > metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize {
+		trackIgnoredMetricMetadataWithTooLongValue("help", md.MetricFamilyName, len(md.Help))
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(md.MetricFamilyName) > metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize {
+		trackIgnoredMetricMetadataWithTooLongValue("metricFamilyName", md.MetricFamilyName, len(md.MetricFamilyName))
+
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(md.Unit) > metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize {
+		trackIgnoredMetricMetadataWithTooLongValue("unit", md.MetricFamilyName, len(md.Unit))
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// IsPrometheusMetadataExceeding returns true if prometheus.Metadata Help or Metric field value size exceed the 64KiB limit.
+//
+// Additionally, it increments the corresponding metrics and prints warning messages to the log.
+func IsPrometheusMetadataExceeding(md *prometheus.Metadata) bool {
+	if len(md.Help) > metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize {
+		trackIgnoredMetricMetadataWithTooLongValue("help", md.Metric, len(md.Help))
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(md.Metric) > metricMetadataMaxFieldValueSize {
+		trackIgnoredMetricMetadataWithTooLongValue("metric", md.Metric, len(md.Metric))
+
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}