hot-reload enabled

### Describe Your Changes

Updated Quickstart guide for VIctoriaMetrics and VictoriaMetrics Cluster to include instructions for installing the binaries by hand

### Checklist

The following checks are **mandatory**:

- [ x] My change adheres [VictoriaMetrics contributing
guidelines](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/contributing/).

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ body:
         Before filling a bug report it would be great to [upgrade](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#how-to-upgrade) 
         to [the latest available release](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest)
         and verify whether the bug is reproducible there.
-        It's also recommended to read the [troubleshooting docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Troubleshooting.html) first.
+        It's also recommended to read the [troubleshooting docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/troubleshooting/) first.
   - type: textarea
     id: describe-the-bug
     attributes:
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ body:
         
         See how to setup monitoring here:
           * [monitoring for single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#monitoring)
-          * [monitoring for VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#monitoring)
+          * [monitoring for VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/cluster-victoriametrics/#monitoring)
     validations:
       required: false
   - type: textarea

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ body:
       label: Troubleshooting docs
       description: I am familiar with the following troubleshooting docs
       options:
-        - label: General - https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Troubleshooting.html
+        - label: General - https://docs.victoriametrics.com/troubleshooting/
           required: false
-        - label: vmagent - https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#troubleshooting
+        - label: vmagent - https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#troubleshooting
+          required: false
+        - label: vmalert - https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/#troubleshooting
           required: false
-        - label: vmalert - https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert.html#troubleshooting
-          required: false

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-### Describe Your Changes
-
-Please provide a brief description of the changes you made. Be as specific as possible to help others understand the purpose and impact of your modifications.
-
-### Checklist
-
-The following checks are mandatory:
-
-- [ ] I have read the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
-- [ ] All commits are signed and include `Signed-off-by` line. Use `git commit -s` to include `Signed-off-by` your commits. See this [doc](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work) about how to sign your commits.
-- [ ] Tests are passing locally. Use `make test` to run all tests locally.
-- [ ] Linting is passing locally. Use `make check-all` to run all linters locally.
-
-Further checks are optional for External Contributions:
-
-- [ ] Include a link to the GitHub issue in the commit message, if issue exists.
-- [ ] Mention the change in the [Changelog](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/CHANGELOG.md). Explain what has changed and why. If there is a related issue or documentation change - link them as well.
-
-  Tips for writing a good changelog message::
-
-    * Write a human-readable changelog message that describes the problem and solution.
-    * Include a link to the issue or pull request in your changelog message.
-    * Use specific language identifying the fix, such as an error message, metric name, or flag name.
-    * Provide a link to the relevant documentation for any new features you add or modify.
-
-- [ ] After your pull request is merged, please add a message to the issue with instructions for how to test the fix or try the feature you added. Here is an [example](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4048#issuecomment-1546453726)
-- [ ] Do not close the original issue before the change is released. Please note, in some cases Github can automatically close the issue once PR is merged. Re-open the issue in such case.
-- [ ] If the change somehow affects public interfaces (a new flag was added or updated, or some behavior has changed) - add the corresponding change to documentation.
-
-
-Examples of good changelog messages:
-
-1. FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html): add support for [VictoriaMetrics remote write protocol](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol) when [sending / receiving data to / from Kafka](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#kafka-integration). This protocol allows saving egress network bandwidth costs when sending data from `vmagent` to `Kafka` located in another datacenter or availability zone. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1225).
-
-2. BUGFIX: [stream aggregation](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html): suppress `series after dedup` error message in logs when `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag is set at [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmgent.html) or when `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag is set at [single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/).

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+### Describe Your Changes
+
+Please provide a brief description of the changes you made. Be as specific as possible to help others understand the purpose and impact of your modifications.
+
+### Checklist
+
+The following checks are **mandatory**:
+
+- [ ] My change adheres [VictoriaMetrics contributing guidelines](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/contributing/).

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+name: benchmark
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - cluster
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "**.md"
+      - "dashboards/**"
+      - "deployment/**.yml"
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+      - labeled
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - cluster
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "**.md"
+      - "dashboards/**"
+      - "deployment/**.yml"
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  build-streamaggr-benchmark-image:
+    name: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'streamaggr-benchmark')
+    steps:
+      - name: Code checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Package VMAgent Docker image for benchmark
+        run: |
+          SKIP_SCRATCH_BUILD=true \
+          DOCKER_BUILD_OPTS='--cache-to type=gha,mode=max --cache-from type=gha' \
+          PKG_TAG=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }} \
+          DOCKER_REGISTRY=ghcr.io \
+          TARGET_PLATFORM=linux/amd64 make publish-vmagent

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+name: build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - cluster
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '**.go'
+      - '**/Dockerfile*' # The trailing * is for app/vmui/Dockerfile-*.
+      - '**/Makefile'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - cluster
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '**.go'
+      - '**/Dockerfile*' # The trailing * is for app/vmui/Dockerfile-*.
+      - '**/Makefile'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Code checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        id: go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: stable
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Cache Go artifacts
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/go-build
+            ~/go/bin
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-crossbuild-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'Makefile', 'app/**/Makefile') }}
+          restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-crossbuild-
+
+      - name: Run crossbuild
+        run: make crossbuild

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis-go.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: 'CodeQL Go'
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - cluster
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '**.go'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - cluster
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '**.go'
+
+concurrency:
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        id: go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          cache: false
+          go-version: stable
+
+      - name: Cache Go artifacts
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cache/go-build
+            ~/go/bin
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-codeql-analyze-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'Makefile', 'app/**/Makefile') }}
+          restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-codeql-analyze-
+
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        with:
+          languages: go
+
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+        with:
+          category: 'language:go'

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis-js-ts.yml

@@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
-name: "CodeQL - JS"
+name: 'CodeQL JS/TS'
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [master, cluster]
+    branches:
+      - cluster
+      - master
     paths:
-      - "**.js"
+      - '**.js'
+      - '**.ts'
+      - '**.tsx'
   pull_request:
-    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
-    branches: [master, cluster]
+    branches:
+      - cluster
+      - master
     paths:
-      - "**.js"
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "30 18 * * 2"
+      - '**.js'
+      - '**.ts'
+      - '**.tsx'
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
-  
+
 jobs:
   analyze:
     name: Analyze
@@ -26,11 +31,6 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       security-events: write
 
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        language: ["javascript"]
-
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
         uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
         with:
-          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+          languages: javascript-typescript
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
         uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
         with:
-          category: "javascript"
+          category: 'language:js/ts'

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
-# to commit it to your repository.
-#
-# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
-# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
-#
-# ******** NOTE ********
-# We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check
-# the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of
-# supported CodeQL languages.
-#
-name: "CodeQL"
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [master, cluster]
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "**.md"
-      - "**.txt"
-      - "**.js"
-  pull_request:
-    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
-    branches: [master, cluster]
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "**.md"
-      - "**.txt"
-      - "**.js"
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "30 18 * * 2"
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  analyze:
-    name: Analyze
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-      security-events: write
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        language: ["go"]
-        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python', 'ruby' ]
-        # Learn more about CodeQL language support at https://git.io/codeql-language-support
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Set up Go
-        id: go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: stable
-          cache: false
-        if: ${{ matrix.language == 'go' }}
-
-      - name: Cache Go artifacts
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/.cache/go-build
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-            ~/go/bin
-          key: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-codeql-analyze-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'Makefile', 'app/**/Makefile') }}
-          restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-codeql-analyze-
-        if: ${{ matrix.language == 'go' }}
-
-      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
-      - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
-        with:
-          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
-          # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
-          # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
-          # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
-          # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
-
-      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
-      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
-      - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
-
-      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
-      # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
-
-      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
-      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
-      #    uses a compiled language
-
-      #- run: |
-      #   make bootstrap
-      #   make release
-
-      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -1,29 +1,25 @@
 name: main
+
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - master
       - cluster
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "**.md"
-      - "dashboards/**"
-      - "deployment/**.yml"
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '**.go'
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - master
       - cluster
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "**.md"
-      - "dashboards/**"
-      - "deployment/**.yml"
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '**.go'
+
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
 
 jobs:
   lint:
@@ -37,16 +33,16 @@ jobs:
         id: go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: stable
           cache: false
+          go-version: stable
 
       - name: Cache Go artifacts
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/go-build
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
             ~/go/bin
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-check-all-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'Makefile', 'app/**/Makefile') }}
           restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-check-all-
 
@@ -55,41 +51,18 @@ jobs:
           make check-all
           git diff --exit-code
 
-  build:
-    needs: lint
-    name: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Code checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Setup Go
-        id: go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: stable
-          cache: false
-
-      - name: Cache Go artifacts
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/.cache/go-build
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-            ~/go/bin
-          key: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-crossbuild-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'Makefile', 'app/**/Makefile') }}
-          restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-crossbuild-
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: make crossbuild
-
   test:
+    name: test
     needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        scenario: ["test-full", "test-pure", "test-full-386"]
-    name: test
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        scenario:
+          - 'test-full'
+          - 'test-full-386'
+          - 'test-pure'
+
     steps:
       - name: Code checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -98,20 +71,20 @@ jobs:
         id: go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: stable
           cache: false
+          go-version: stable
 
       - name: Cache Go artifacts
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/go-build
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
             ~/go/bin
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.scenario }}-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'Makefile', 'app/**/Makefile') }}
           restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.scenario }}-
 
-      - name: run tests
+      - name: Run tests
         run: make ${{ matrix.scenario}}
 
       - name: Publish coverage

.github/workflows/sync-docs.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
           token: ${{ secrets.VM_BOT_GH_TOKEN }}
           path: docs
       - name: Import GPG key
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v5
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
         with:
           gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.VM_BOT_GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
           passphrase: ${{ secrets.VM_BOT_PASSPHRASE }}

.gitignore

@@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ Gemfile.lock
 /_site
 _site
 *.tmp
-/docs/.jekyll-metadata
+/docs/.jekyll-metadata
+coverage.txt

.golangci.yml

@@ -16,4 +16,7 @@ issues:
 
 linters-settings:
   errcheck:
-    exclude: ./errcheck_excludes.txt
+    exclude-functions:
+      - "fmt.Fprintf"
+      - "fmt.Fprint"
+      - "(net/http.ResponseWriter).Write"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,21 +1 @@
-If you like VictoriaMetrics and want to contribute, then we need the following:
-
-- Filing issues and feature requests [here](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues).
-- Spreading a word about VictoriaMetrics: conference talks, articles, comments, experience sharing with colleagues.
-- Updating documentation.
-
-We are open to third-party pull requests provided they follow [KISS design principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle):
-
-- Prefer simple code and architecture.
-- Avoid complex abstractions.
-- Avoid magic code and fancy algorithms.
-- Avoid [big external dependencies](https://medium.com/@valyala/stripping-dependency-bloat-in-victoriametrics-docker-image-983fb5912b0d).
-- Minimize the number of moving parts in the distributed system.
-- Avoid automated decisions, which may hurt cluster availability, consistency or performance.
-
-Adhering `KISS` principle simplifies the resulting code and architecture, so it can be reviewed, understood and verified by many people.
-
-Before sending a pull request please check the following:
-- [ ] All commits are signed and include `Signed-off-by` line. Use `git commit -s` to include `Signed-off-by` your commits. See this [doc](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work) about how to sign your commits.
-- [ ] Tests are passing locally. Use `make test` to run all tests locally.
-- [ ] Linting is passing locally. Use `make check-all` to run all linters locally.
+The document has been moved [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/contributing/).

Makefile

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ include app/*/Makefile
 include docs/Makefile
 include deployment/*/Makefile
 include dashboards/Makefile
-include snap/local/Makefile
 include package/release/Makefile
 
 all: \
@@ -440,6 +439,8 @@ vet:
 
 check-all: fmt vet golangci-lint govulncheck
 
+clean-checkers: remove-golangci-lint remove-govulncheck
+
 test:
 	go test ./lib/... ./app/...
 
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ benchmark-pure:
 vendor-update:
 	go get -u -d ./lib/...
 	go get -u -d ./app/...
-	go mod tidy -compat=1.21
+	go mod tidy -compat=1.22
 	go mod vendor
 
 app-local:
@@ -492,7 +493,10 @@ golangci-lint: install-golangci-lint
 	golangci-lint run
 
 install-golangci-lint:
-	which golangci-lint || curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(shell go env GOPATH)/bin v1.57.1
+	which golangci-lint || curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(shell go env GOPATH)/bin v1.59.1
+
+remove-golangci-lint:
+	rm -rf `which golangci-lint`
 
 govulncheck: install-govulncheck
 	govulncheck ./...
@@ -500,6 +504,9 @@ govulncheck: install-govulncheck
 install-govulncheck:
 	which govulncheck || go install golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@latest
 
+remove-govulncheck:
+	rm -rf `which govulncheck`
+
 install-wwhrd:
 	which wwhrd || go install github.com/frapposelli/wwhrd@latest
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The following versions of VictoriaMetrics receive regular security fixes:
 
 | Version | Supported          |
 |---------|--------------------|
-| [latest release](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/CHANGELOG.html) | :white_check_mark: |
+| [latest release](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/changelog/) | :white_check_mark: |
 | v1.97.x [LTS line](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/lts-releases/) | :white_check_mark: |
 | v1.93.x [LTS line](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/lts-releases/) | :white_check_mark: |
 | other releases  | :x:                |

app/victoria-logs/Makefile

@@ -101,3 +101,10 @@ victoria-logs-windows-amd64:
 
 victoria-logs-pure:
 	APP_NAME=victoria-logs $(MAKE) app-local-pure
+
+run-victoria-logs:
+	mkdir -p victoria-logs-data
+	DOCKER_OPTS='-v $(shell pwd)/victoria-logs-data:/victoria-logs-data' \
+	APP_NAME=victoria-logs \
+	ARGS='' \
+	$(MAKE) run-via-docker

app/victoria-logs/main.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func main() {
 	vlinsert.Init()
 
 	go httpserver.Serve(listenAddrs, useProxyProtocol, requestHandler)
-	logger.Infof("started VictoriaLogs in %.3f seconds; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/", time.Since(startTime).Seconds())
+	logger.Infof("started VictoriaLogs in %.3f seconds; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/", time.Since(startTime).Seconds())
 
 	pushmetrics.Init()
 	sig := procutil.WaitForSigterm()
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func requestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		}
 		w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h2>Single-node VictoriaLogs</h2></br>")
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "See docs at <a href='https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/'>https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/</a></br>")
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "See docs at <a href='https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/'>https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/</a></br>")
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Useful endpoints:</br>")
 		httpserver.WriteAPIHelp(w, [][2]string{
 			{"select/vmui", "Web UI for VictoriaLogs"},
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func usage() {
 	const s = `
 victoria-logs is a log management and analytics service.
 
-See the docs at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/
+See the docs at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/
 `
 	flagutil.Usage(s)
 }

app/victoria-logs/multiarch/Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # See https://medium.com/on-docker/use-multi-stage-builds-to-inject-ca-certs-ad1e8f01de1b
 ARG certs_image
 ARG root_image
-FROM $certs_image as certs
+FROM $certs_image AS certs
 RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --update --no-cache add ca-certificates
 
 FROM $root_image

app/victoria-metrics/Makefile

@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ victoria-metrics-linux-ppc64le:
 victoria-metrics-linux-s390x:
 	APP_NAME=victoria-metrics CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=s390x $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
 
+victoria-metrics-linux-loong64:
+	APP_NAME=victoria-metrics CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
+
 victoria-metrics-linux-386:
 	APP_NAME=victoria-metrics CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
 

app/victoria-metrics/multiarch/Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # See https://medium.com/on-docker/use-multi-stage-builds-to-inject-ca-certs-ad1e8f01de1b
 ARG certs_image
 ARG root_image
-FROM $certs_image as certs
+FROM $certs_image AS certs
 RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --update --no-cache add ca-certificates
 
 FROM $root_image

app/vlinsert/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logjson"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/common"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/writeconcurrencylimiter"
@@ -98,12 +97,10 @@ func RequestHandler(path string, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 			return true
 		}
-		lr := logstorage.GetLogRows(cp.StreamFields, cp.IgnoreFields)
-		processLogMessage := cp.GetProcessLogMessageFunc(lr)
+		lmp := cp.NewLogMessageProcessor()
 		isGzip := r.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip"
-		n, err := readBulkRequest(r.Body, isGzip, cp.TimeField, cp.MsgField, processLogMessage)
-		vlstorage.MustAddRows(lr)
-		logstorage.PutLogRows(lr)
+		n, err := readBulkRequest(r.Body, isGzip, cp.TimeField, cp.MsgField, lmp)
+		lmp.MustClose()
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Warnf("cannot decode log message #%d in /_bulk request: %s, stream fields: %s", n, err, cp.StreamFields)
 			return true
@@ -132,9 +129,7 @@ var (
 	bulkRequestDuration = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/elasticsearch/_bulk"}`)
 )
 
-func readBulkRequest(r io.Reader, isGzip bool, timeField, msgField string,
-	processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field),
-) (int, error) {
+func readBulkRequest(r io.Reader, isGzip bool, timeField, msgField string, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) (int, error) {
 	// See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs-bulk.html
 
 	if isGzip {
@@ -159,7 +154,7 @@ func readBulkRequest(r io.Reader, isGzip bool, timeField, msgField string,
 	n := 0
 	nCheckpoint := 0
 	for {
-		ok, err := readBulkLine(sc, timeField, msgField, processLogMessage)
+		ok, err := readBulkLine(sc, timeField, msgField, lmp)
 		wcr.DecConcurrency()
 		if err != nil || !ok {
 			rowsIngestedTotal.Add(n - nCheckpoint)
@@ -175,9 +170,7 @@ func readBulkRequest(r io.Reader, isGzip bool, timeField, msgField string,
 
 var lineBufferPool bytesutil.ByteBufferPool
 
-func readBulkLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string,
-	processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field),
-) (bool, error) {
+func readBulkLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) (bool, error) {
 	var line []byte
 
 	// Read the command, must be "create" or "index"
@@ -210,7 +203,7 @@ func readBulkLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string,
 		return false, fmt.Errorf(`missing log message after the "create" or "index" command`)
 	}
 	line = sc.Bytes()
-	p := logjson.GetParser()
+	p := logstorage.GetJSONParser()
 	if err := p.ParseLogMessage(line); err != nil {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse json-encoded log entry: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -222,9 +215,9 @@ func readBulkLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string,
 	if ts == 0 {
 		ts = time.Now().UnixNano()
 	}
-	p.RenameField(msgField, "_msg")
-	processLogMessage(ts, p.Fields)
-	logjson.PutParser(p)
+	logstorage.RenameField(p.Fields, msgField, "_msg")
+	lmp.AddRow(ts, p.Fields)
+	logstorage.PutJSONParser(p)
 
 	return true, nil
 }
@@ -273,9 +266,9 @@ func parseElasticsearchTimestamp(s string) (int64, error) {
 		}
 		return t.UnixNano(), nil
 	}
-	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse timestamp %q: %w", s, err)
+	nsecs, ok := logstorage.TryParseTimestampRFC3339Nano(s)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse timestamp %q", s)
 	}
-	return t.UnixNano(), nil
+	return nsecs, nil
 }

app/vlinsert/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_test.go

@@ -4,23 +4,18 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 )
 
-func TestReadBulkRequestFailure(t *testing.T) {
+func TestReadBulkRequest_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(data string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		processLogMessage := func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected call to processLogMessage with timestamp=%d, fields=%s", timestamp, fields)
-		}
-
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
 		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
-		rows, err := readBulkRequest(r, false, "_time", "_msg", processLogMessage)
+		rows, err := readBulkRequest(r, false, "_time", "_msg", tlp)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expecting non-empty error")
 		}
@@ -37,58 +32,38 @@ func TestReadBulkRequestFailure(t *testing.T) {
 foobar`)
 }
 
-func TestReadBulkRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+func TestReadBulkRequest_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(data, timeField, msgField string, rowsExpected int, timestampsExpected []int64, resultExpected string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		var timestamps []int64
-		var result string
-		processLogMessage := func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-			timestamps = append(timestamps, timestamp)
-
-			a := make([]string, len(fields))
-			for i, f := range fields {
-				a[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q:%q", f.Name, f.Value)
-			}
-			s := "{" + strings.Join(a, ",") + "}\n"
-			result += s
-		}
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
 
 		// Read the request without compression
 		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
-		rows, err := readBulkRequest(r, false, timeField, msgField, processLogMessage)
+		rows, err := readBulkRequest(r, false, timeField, msgField, tlp)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
 		if rows != rowsExpected {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected rows read; got %d; want %d", rows, rowsExpected)
 		}
-
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(timestamps, timestampsExpected) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected timestamps;\ngot\n%d\nwant\n%d", timestamps, timestampsExpected)
-		}
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		if err := tlp.Verify(rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Read the request with compression
-		timestamps = nil
-		result = ""
+		tlp = &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
 		compressedData := compressData(data)
 		r = bytes.NewBufferString(compressedData)
-		rows, err = readBulkRequest(r, true, timeField, msgField, processLogMessage)
+		rows, err = readBulkRequest(r, true, timeField, msgField, tlp)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
 		if rows != rowsExpected {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected rows read; got %d; want %d", rows, rowsExpected)
 		}
-
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(timestamps, timestampsExpected) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected timestamps;\ngot\n%d\nwant\n%d", timestamps, timestampsExpected)
-		}
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		if err := tlp.Verify(rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("verification failure after compression: %s", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -111,8 +86,7 @@ func TestReadBulkRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	timestampsExpected := []int64{1686026891735000000, 1686026892735000000, 1686026893735000000}
 	resultExpected := `{"@timestamp":"","log.offset":"71770","log.file.path":"/var/log/auth.log","_msg":"foobar"}
 {"@timestamp":"","_msg":"baz"}
-{"_msg":"xyz","@timestamp":"","x":"y"}
-`
+{"_msg":"xyz","@timestamp":"","x":"y"}`
 	f(data, timeField, msgField, rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected)
 }
 

app/vlinsert/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_timing_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
 )
 
 func BenchmarkReadBulkRequest(b *testing.B) {
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func benchmarkReadBulkRequest(b *testing.B, isGzip bool) {
 
 	timeField := "@timestamp"
 	msgField := "message"
-	processLogMessage := func(_ int64, _ []logstorage.Field) {}
+	blp := &insertutils.BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor{}
 
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 	b.SetBytes(int64(len(data)))
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func benchmarkReadBulkRequest(b *testing.B, isGzip bool) {
 		r := &bytes.Reader{}
 		for pb.Next() {
 			r.Reset(dataBytes)
-			_, err := readBulkRequest(r, isGzip, timeField, msgField, processLogMessage)
+			_, err := readBulkRequest(r, isGzip, timeField, msgField, blp)
 			if err != nil {
 				panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected error: %w", err))
 			}

app/vlinsert/insertutils/common_params.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package insertutils
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 
@@ -10,11 +12,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httputils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeutil"
 )
 
 // CommonParams contains common HTTP parameters used by log ingestion APIs.
 //
-// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/#http-parameters
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/#http-parameters
 type CommonParams struct {
 	TenantID     logstorage.TenantID
 	TimeField    string
@@ -71,29 +74,126 @@ func GetCommonParams(r *http.Request) (*CommonParams, error) {
 	return cp, nil
 }
 
-// GetProcessLogMessageFunc returns a function, which adds parsed log messages to lr.
-func (cp *CommonParams) GetProcessLogMessageFunc(lr *logstorage.LogRows) func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-	return func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-		if len(fields) > *MaxFieldsPerLine {
-			rf := logstorage.RowFormatter(fields)
-			logger.Warnf("dropping log line with %d fields; it exceeds -insert.maxFieldsPerLine=%d; %s", len(fields), *MaxFieldsPerLine, rf)
-			rowsDroppedTotalTooManyFields.Inc()
-			return
-		}
-
-		lr.MustAdd(cp.TenantID, timestamp, fields)
-		if cp.Debug {
-			s := lr.GetRowString(0)
-			lr.ResetKeepSettings()
-			logger.Infof("remoteAddr=%s; requestURI=%s; ignoring log entry because of `debug` query arg: %s", cp.DebugRemoteAddr, cp.DebugRequestURI, s)
-			rowsDroppedTotalDebug.Inc()
-			return
-		}
-		if lr.NeedFlush() {
-			vlstorage.MustAddRows(lr)
-			lr.ResetKeepSettings()
-		}
+// GetCommonParamsForSyslog returns common params needed for parsing syslog messages and storing them to the given tenantID.
+func GetCommonParamsForSyslog(tenantID logstorage.TenantID) *CommonParams {
+	// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unpack_syslog-pipe
+	cp := &CommonParams{
+		TenantID:  tenantID,
+		TimeField: "timestamp",
+		MsgField:  "message",
+		StreamFields: []string{
+			"hostname",
+			"app_name",
+			"proc_id",
+		},
 	}
+
+	return cp
+}
+
+// LogMessageProcessor is an interface for log message processors.
+type LogMessageProcessor interface {
+	// AddRow must add row to the LogMessageProcessor with the given timestamp and the given fields.
+	//
+	// The LogMessageProcessor implementation cannot hold references to fields, since the caller can re-use them.
+	AddRow(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field)
+
+	// MustClose() must flush all the remaining fields and free up resources occupied by LogMessageProcessor.
+	MustClose()
+}
+
+type logMessageProcessor struct {
+	mu            sync.Mutex
+	wg            sync.WaitGroup
+	stopCh        chan struct{}
+	lastFlushTime time.Time
+
+	cp *CommonParams
+	lr *logstorage.LogRows
+}
+
+func (lmp *logMessageProcessor) initPeriodicFlush() {
+	lmp.lastFlushTime = time.Now()
+
+	lmp.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer lmp.wg.Done()
+
+		d := timeutil.AddJitterToDuration(time.Second)
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(d)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-lmp.stopCh:
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				lmp.mu.Lock()
+				if time.Since(lmp.lastFlushTime) >= d {
+					lmp.flushLocked()
+				}
+				lmp.mu.Unlock()
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// AddRow adds new log message to lmp with the given timestamp and fields.
+func (lmp *logMessageProcessor) AddRow(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
+	lmp.mu.Lock()
+	defer lmp.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(fields) > *MaxFieldsPerLine {
+		rf := logstorage.RowFormatter(fields)
+		logger.Warnf("dropping log line with %d fields; it exceeds -insert.maxFieldsPerLine=%d; %s", len(fields), *MaxFieldsPerLine, rf)
+		rowsDroppedTotalTooManyFields.Inc()
+		return
+	}
+
+	lmp.lr.MustAdd(lmp.cp.TenantID, timestamp, fields)
+	if lmp.cp.Debug {
+		s := lmp.lr.GetRowString(0)
+		lmp.lr.ResetKeepSettings()
+		logger.Infof("remoteAddr=%s; requestURI=%s; ignoring log entry because of `debug` query arg: %s", lmp.cp.DebugRemoteAddr, lmp.cp.DebugRequestURI, s)
+		rowsDroppedTotalDebug.Inc()
+		return
+	}
+	if lmp.lr.NeedFlush() {
+		lmp.flushLocked()
+	}
+}
+
+// flushLocked must be called under locked lmp.mu.
+func (lmp *logMessageProcessor) flushLocked() {
+	lmp.lastFlushTime = time.Now()
+	vlstorage.MustAddRows(lmp.lr)
+	lmp.lr.ResetKeepSettings()
+}
+
+// MustClose flushes the remaining data to the underlying storage and closes lmp.
+func (lmp *logMessageProcessor) MustClose() {
+	close(lmp.stopCh)
+	lmp.wg.Wait()
+
+	lmp.flushLocked()
+	logstorage.PutLogRows(lmp.lr)
+	lmp.lr = nil
+}
+
+// NewLogMessageProcessor returns new LogMessageProcessor for the given cp.
+//
+// MustClose() must be called on the returned LogMessageProcessor when it is no longer needed.
+func (cp *CommonParams) NewLogMessageProcessor() LogMessageProcessor {
+	lr := logstorage.GetLogRows(cp.StreamFields, cp.IgnoreFields)
+	lmp := &logMessageProcessor{
+		cp: cp,
+		lr: lr,
+
+		stopCh: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	lmp.initPeriodicFlush()
+
+	return lmp
 }
 
 var rowsDroppedTotalDebug = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_dropped_total{reason="debug"}`)

app/vlinsert/insertutils/testutils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package insertutils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+)
+
+// TestLogMessageProcessor implements LogMessageProcessor for testing.
+type TestLogMessageProcessor struct {
+	timestamps []int64
+	rows       []string
+}
+
+// AddRow adds row with the given timestamp and fields to tlp
+func (tlp *TestLogMessageProcessor) AddRow(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
+	tlp.timestamps = append(tlp.timestamps, timestamp)
+	tlp.rows = append(tlp.rows, string(logstorage.MarshalFieldsToJSON(nil, fields)))
+}
+
+// MustClose closes tlp.
+func (tlp *TestLogMessageProcessor) MustClose() {
+}
+
+// Verify verifies the number of rows, timestamps and results after AddRow calls.
+func (tlp *TestLogMessageProcessor) Verify(rowsExpected int, timestampsExpected []int64, resultExpected string) error {
+	result := strings.Join(tlp.rows, "\n")
+	if len(tlp.rows) != rowsExpected {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected rows read; got %d; want %d;\nrows read:\n%s\nrows wanted\n%s", len(tlp.rows), rowsExpected, result, resultExpected)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(tlp.timestamps, timestampsExpected) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected timestamps;\ngot\n%d\nwant\n%d", tlp.timestamps, timestampsExpected)
+	}
+	if result != resultExpected {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor implements LogMessageProcessor for benchmarks.
+type BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor struct{}
+
+// AddRow implements LogMessageProcessor interface.
+func (blp *BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor) AddRow(_ int64, _ []logstorage.Field) {
+}
+
+// MustClose implements LogMessageProcessor interface.
+func (blp *BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor) MustClose() {
+}

app/vlinsert/insertutils/timestamp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package insertutils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+)
+
+// ExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields extracts RFC3339 timestamp in nanoseconds from the field with the name timeField at fields.
+//
+// The value for the timeField is set to empty string after returning from the function,
+// so it could be ignored during data ingestion.
+//
+// The current timestamp is returned if fields do not contain a field with timeField name or if the timeField value is empty.
+func ExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields(timeField string, fields []logstorage.Field) (int64, error) {
+	for i := range fields {
+		f := &fields[i]
+		if f.Name != timeField {
+			continue
+		}
+		if f.Value == "" || f.Value == "0" {
+			return time.Now().UnixNano(), nil
+		}
+		nsecs, ok := logstorage.TryParseTimestampRFC3339Nano(f.Value)
+		if !ok {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot unmarshal rfc3339 timestamp from %s=%q", timeField, f.Value)
+		}
+		f.Value = ""
+		return nsecs, nil
+	}
+	return time.Now().UnixNano(), nil
+}

app/vlinsert/insertutils/timestamp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package insertutils
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+)
+
+func TestExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(timeField string, fields []logstorage.Field, nsecsExpected int64) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		nsecs, err := ExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields(timeField, fields)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+		}
+		if nsecs != nsecsExpected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected nsecs; got %d; want %d", nsecs, nsecsExpected)
+		}
+
+		for _, f := range fields {
+			if f.Name == timeField {
+				if f.Value != "" {
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected value for field %s; got %q; want %q", timeField, f.Value, "")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("time", []logstorage.Field{
+		{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+		{Name: "time", Value: "2024-06-18T23:37:20Z"},
+	}, 1718753840000000000)
+
+	f("time", []logstorage.Field{
+		{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+		{Name: "time", Value: "2024-06-18T23:37:20+08:00"},
+	}, 1718725040000000000)
+
+	f("time", []logstorage.Field{
+		{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+		{Name: "time", Value: "2024-06-18T23:37:20.123-05:30"},
+	}, 1718773640123000000)
+
+	f("time", []logstorage.Field{
+		{Name: "time", Value: "2024-06-18T23:37:20.123456789-05:30"},
+		{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+	}, 1718773640123456789)
+}
+
+func TestExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		fields := []logstorage.Field{
+			{Name: "time", Value: s},
+		}
+		nsecs, err := ExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields("time", fields)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+		if nsecs != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected nsecs; got %d; want %d", nsecs, 0)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("foobar")
+
+	// no Z at the end
+	f("2024-06-18T23:37:20")
+
+	// incomplete time
+	f("2024-06-18")
+	f("2024-06-18T23:37")
+}

app/vlinsert/jsonline/jsonline.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logjson"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/common"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/writeconcurrencylimiter"
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 // RequestHandler processes jsonline insert requests
-func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
+func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	startTime := time.Now()
 	w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
 
 	if r.Method != "POST" {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 
 	requestsTotal.Inc()
@@ -34,27 +34,40 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 	cp, err := insertutils.GetCommonParams(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 	if err := vlstorage.CanWriteData(); err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
-	lr := logstorage.GetLogRows(cp.StreamFields, cp.IgnoreFields)
-	processLogMessage := cp.GetProcessLogMessageFunc(lr)
 
 	reader := r.Body
 	if r.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
 		zr, err := common.GetGzipReader(reader)
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("cannot read gzipped _bulk request: %s", err)
-			return true
+			logger.Errorf("cannot read gzipped jsonline request: %s", err)
+			return
 		}
 		defer common.PutGzipReader(zr)
 		reader = zr
 	}
 
-	wcr := writeconcurrencylimiter.GetReader(reader)
+	lmp := cp.NewLogMessageProcessor()
+	err = processStreamInternal(reader, cp.TimeField, cp.MsgField, lmp)
+	lmp.MustClose()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("jsonline: %s", err)
+	} else {
+		// update requestDuration only for successfully parsed requests.
+		// There is no need in updating requestDuration for request errors,
+		// since their timings are usually much smaller than the timing for successful request parsing.
+		requestDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
+	}
+}
+
+func processStreamInternal(r io.Reader, timeField, msgField string, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) error {
+	wcr := writeconcurrencylimiter.GetReader(r)
 	defer writeconcurrencylimiter.PutReader(wcr)
 
 	lb := lineBufferPool.Get()
@@ -66,31 +79,21 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 
 	n := 0
 	for {
-		ok, err := readLine(sc, cp.TimeField, cp.MsgField, processLogMessage)
+		ok, err := readLine(sc, timeField, msgField, lmp)
 		wcr.DecConcurrency()
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("cannot read line #%d in /jsonline request: %s", n, err)
-			break
+			errorsTotal.Inc()
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot read line #%d in /jsonline request: %s", n, err)
 		}
 		if !ok {
-			break
+			return nil
 		}
 		n++
 		rowsIngestedTotal.Inc()
 	}
-
-	vlstorage.MustAddRows(lr)
-	logstorage.PutLogRows(lr)
-
-	// update jsonlineRequestDuration only for successfully parsed requests.
-	// There is no need in updating jsonlineRequestDuration for request errors,
-	// since their timings are usually much smaller than the timing for successful request parsing.
-	jsonlineRequestDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
-
-	return true
 }
 
-func readLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string, processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field)) (bool, error) {
+func readLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) (bool, error) {
 	var line []byte
 	for len(line) == 0 {
 		if !sc.Scan() {
@@ -105,57 +108,28 @@ func readLine(sc *bufio.Scanner, timeField, msgField string, processLogMessage f
 		line = sc.Bytes()
 	}
 
-	p := logjson.GetParser()
+	p := logstorage.GetJSONParser()
 	if err := p.ParseLogMessage(line); err != nil {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse json-encoded log entry: %w", err)
 	}
-	ts, err := extractTimestampFromFields(timeField, p.Fields)
+	ts, err := insertutils.ExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields(timeField, p.Fields)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse timestamp: %w", err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("cannot get timestamp: %w", err)
 	}
-	if ts == 0 {
-		ts = time.Now().UnixNano()
-	}
-	p.RenameField(msgField, "_msg")
-	processLogMessage(ts, p.Fields)
-	logjson.PutParser(p)
+	logstorage.RenameField(p.Fields, msgField, "_msg")
+	lmp.AddRow(ts, p.Fields)
+	logstorage.PutJSONParser(p)
 
 	return true, nil
 }
 
-func extractTimestampFromFields(timeField string, fields []logstorage.Field) (int64, error) {
-	for i := range fields {
-		f := &fields[i]
-		if f.Name != timeField {
-			continue
-		}
-		timestamp, err := parseISO8601Timestamp(f.Value)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-		f.Value = ""
-		return timestamp, nil
-	}
-	return 0, nil
-}
-
-func parseISO8601Timestamp(s string) (int64, error) {
-	if s == "0" || s == "" {
-		// Special case for returning the current timestamp.
-		// It must be automatically converted to the current timestamp by the caller.
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse timestamp %q: %w", s, err)
-	}
-	return t.UnixNano(), nil
-}
-
 var lineBufferPool bytesutil.ByteBufferPool
 
 var (
-	requestsTotal           = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/insert/jsonline"}`)
-	rowsIngestedTotal       = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="jsonline"}`)
-	jsonlineRequestDuration = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/jsonline"}`)
+	rowsIngestedTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="jsonline"}`)
+
+	requestsTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/insert/jsonline"}`)
+	errorsTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_errors_total{path="/insert/jsonline"}`)
+
+	requestDuration = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/jsonline"}`)
 )

app/vlinsert/jsonline/jsonline_test.go

@@ -1,59 +1,27 @@
 package jsonline
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 )
 
-func TestReadBulkRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+func TestProcessStreamInternal_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(data, timeField, msgField string, rowsExpected int, timestampsExpected []int64, resultExpected string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		var timestamps []int64
-		var result string
-		processLogMessage := func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-			timestamps = append(timestamps, timestamp)
-
-			a := make([]string, len(fields))
-			for i, f := range fields {
-				a[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q:%q", f.Name, f.Value)
-			}
-			s := "{" + strings.Join(a, ",") + "}\n"
-			result += s
-		}
-
-		// Read the request without compression
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
 		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
-		sc := bufio.NewScanner(r)
-		rows := 0
-		for {
-			ok, err := readLine(sc, timeField, msgField, processLogMessage)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
-			}
-			if !ok {
-				break
-			}
-			rows++
-		}
-		if rows != rowsExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected rows read; got %d; want %d", rows, rowsExpected)
+		if err := processStreamInternal(r, timeField, msgField, tlp); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(timestamps, timestampsExpected) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected timestamps;\ngot\n%d\nwant\n%d", timestamps, timestampsExpected)
-		}
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		if err := tlp.Verify(rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Verify non-empty data
 	data := `{"@timestamp":"2023-06-06T04:48:11.735Z","log":{"offset":71770,"file":{"path":"/var/log/auth.log"}},"message":"foobar"}
 {"@timestamp":"2023-06-06T04:48:12.735Z","message":"baz"}
 {"message":"xyz","@timestamp":"2023-06-06T04:48:13.735Z","x":"y"}
@@ -64,7 +32,24 @@ func TestReadBulkRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	timestampsExpected := []int64{1686026891735000000, 1686026892735000000, 1686026893735000000}
 	resultExpected := `{"@timestamp":"","log.offset":"71770","log.file.path":"/var/log/auth.log","_msg":"foobar"}
 {"@timestamp":"","_msg":"baz"}
-{"_msg":"xyz","@timestamp":"","x":"y"}
-`
+{"_msg":"xyz","@timestamp":"","x":"y"}`
 	f(data, timeField, msgField, rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected)
 }
+
+func TestProcessStreamInternal_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
+		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
+		if err := processStreamInternal(r, "time", "", tlp); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// invalid json
+	f("foobar")
+
+	// invalid timestamp field
+	f(`{"time":"foobar"}`)
+}

app/vlinsert/loki/loki.go

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import (
 func RequestHandler(path string, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 	switch path {
 	case "/api/v1/push":
-		return handleInsert(r, w)
+		handleInsert(r, w)
+		return true
 	case "/ready":
 		// See https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/api/#identify-ready-loki-instance
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
@@ -23,14 +24,14 @@ func RequestHandler(path string, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 }
 
 // See https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/api/#push-log-entries-to-loki
-func handleInsert(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) bool {
+func handleInsert(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	contentType := r.Header.Get("Content-Type")
 	switch contentType {
 	case "application/json":
-		return handleJSON(r, w)
+		handleJSON(r, w)
 	default:
 		// Protobuf request body should be handled by default according to https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/api/#push-log-entries-to-loki
-		return handleProtobuf(r, w)
+		handleProtobuf(r, w)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ func getCommonParams(r *http.Request) (*insertutils.CommonParams, error) {
 	if cp.TenantID.AccountID == 0 && cp.TenantID.ProjectID == 0 {
 		org := r.Header.Get("X-Scope-OrgID")
 		if org != "" {
-			tenantID, err := logstorage.GetTenantIDFromString(org)
+			tenantID, err := logstorage.ParseTenantID(org)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}

app/vlinsert/loki/loki_json.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
@@ -20,15 +21,15 @@ import (
 
 var parserPool fastjson.ParserPool
 
-func handleJSON(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) bool {
+func handleJSON(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	startTime := time.Now()
-	lokiRequestsJSONTotal.Inc()
+	requestsJSONTotal.Inc()
 	reader := r.Body
 	if r.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
 		zr, err := common.GetGzipReader(reader)
 		if err != nil {
 			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot initialize gzip reader: %s", err)
-			return true
+			return
 		}
 		defer common.PutGzipReader(zr)
 		reader = zr
@@ -39,45 +40,41 @@ func handleJSON(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) bool {
 	writeconcurrencylimiter.PutReader(wcr)
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot read request body: %s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 
 	cp, err := getCommonParams(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse common params from request: %s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 	if err := vlstorage.CanWriteData(); err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
-	lr := logstorage.GetLogRows(cp.StreamFields, cp.IgnoreFields)
-	processLogMessage := cp.GetProcessLogMessageFunc(lr)
-	n, err := parseJSONRequest(data, processLogMessage)
-	vlstorage.MustAddRows(lr)
-	logstorage.PutLogRows(lr)
+	lmp := cp.NewLogMessageProcessor()
+	n, err := parseJSONRequest(data, lmp)
+	lmp.MustClose()
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse Loki json request: %s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 
 	rowsIngestedJSONTotal.Add(n)
 
-	// update lokiRequestJSONDuration only for successfully parsed requests
-	// There is no need in updating lokiRequestJSONDuration for request errors,
+	// update requestJSONDuration only for successfully parsed requests
+	// There is no need in updating requestJSONDuration for request errors,
 	// since their timings are usually much smaller than the timing for successful request parsing.
-	lokiRequestJSONDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
-
-	return true
+	requestJSONDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
 }
 
 var (
-	lokiRequestsJSONTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="json"}`)
-	rowsIngestedJSONTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="loki",format="json"}`)
-	lokiRequestJSONDuration = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="json"}`)
+	requestsJSONTotal     = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="json"}`)
+	rowsIngestedJSONTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="loki",format="json"}`)
+	requestJSONDuration   = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="json"}`)
 )
 
-func parseJSONRequest(data []byte, processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field)) (int, error) {
+func parseJSONRequest(data []byte, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) (int, error) {
 	p := parserPool.Get()
 	defer parserPool.Put(p)
 	v, err := p.ParseBytes(data)
@@ -170,7 +167,7 @@ func parseJSONRequest(data []byte, processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, field
 				Name:  "_msg",
 				Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(msg),
 			})
-			processLogMessage(ts, fields)
+			lmp.AddRow(ts, fields)
 		}
 		rowsIngested += len(lines)
 	}

app/vlinsert/loki/loki_json_test.go

@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 package loki
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 )
 
-func TestParseJSONRequestFailure(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParseJSONRequest_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(s string) {
 		t.Helper()
-		n, err := parseJSONRequest([]byte(s), func(_ int64, _ []logstorage.Field) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected call to parseJSONRequest callback!")
-		})
+
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
+		n, err := parseJSONRequest([]byte(s), tlp)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
 		}
@@ -56,39 +54,30 @@ func TestParseJSONRequestFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[["123",1234]]}]}`)
 }
 
-func TestParseJSONRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(s string, resultExpected string) {
+func TestParseJSONRequest_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string, timestampsExpected []int64, resultExpected string) {
 		t.Helper()
-		var lines []string
-		n, err := parseJSONRequest([]byte(s), func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-			var a []string
-			for _, f := range fields {
-				a = append(a, f.String())
-			}
-			line := fmt.Sprintf("_time:%d %s", timestamp, strings.Join(a, " "))
-			lines = append(lines, line)
-		})
+
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
+
+		n, err := parseJSONRequest([]byte(s), tlp)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
-		if n != len(lines) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected number of lines parsed; got %d; want %d", n, len(lines))
-		}
-		result := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		if err := tlp.Verify(n, timestampsExpected, resultExpected); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Empty streams
-	f(`{"streams":[]}`, ``)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[]}]}`, ``)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[]}]}`, ``)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{"foo":"bar"},"values":[]}]}`, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[]}`, nil, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[]}]}`, nil, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[]}]}`, nil, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{"foo":"bar"},"values":[]}]}`, nil, ``)
 
 	// Empty stream labels
-	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "_msg":"foo bar"`)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "_msg":"foo bar"`)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, []int64{1577836800000000001}, `{"_msg":"foo bar"}`)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, []int64{1577836800000000001}, `{"_msg":"foo bar"}`)
 
 	// Non-empty stream labels
 	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{
@@ -98,9 +87,9 @@ func TestParseJSONRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"],
 	["1477836900005000002", "abc"],
 	["147.78369e9", "foobar"]
-]}]}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"foo bar"
-_time:1477836900005000002 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"abc"
-_time:147783690000 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"foobar"`)
+]}]}`, []int64{1577836800000000001, 1477836900005000002, 147783690000}, `{"label1":"value1","label2":"value2","_msg":"foo bar"}
+{"label1":"value1","label2":"value2","_msg":"abc"}
+{"label1":"value1","label2":"value2","_msg":"foobar"}`)
 
 	// Multiple streams
 	f(`{
@@ -124,7 +113,7 @@ _time:147783690000 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"foobar"`)
 			]
 		}
 	]
-}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "foo":"bar" "a":"b" "_msg":"foo bar"
-_time:1577836900005000002 "foo":"bar" "a":"b" "_msg":"abc"
-_time:1877836900005000002 "x":"y" "_msg":"yx"`)
+}`, []int64{1577836800000000001, 1577836900005000002, 1877836900005000002}, `{"foo":"bar","a":"b","_msg":"foo bar"}
+{"foo":"bar","a":"b","_msg":"abc"}
+{"x":"y","_msg":"yx"}`)
 }

app/vlinsert/loki/loki_json_timing_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 )
 
 func BenchmarkParseJSONRequest(b *testing.B) {
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@ func BenchmarkParseJSONRequest(b *testing.B) {
 }
 
 func benchmarkParseJSONRequest(b *testing.B, streams, rows, labels int) {
+	blp := &insertutils.BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor{}
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 	b.SetBytes(int64(streams * rows))
 	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
 		data := getJSONBody(streams, rows, labels)
 		for pb.Next() {
-			_, err := parseJSONRequest(data, func(_ int64, _ []logstorage.Field) {})
+			_, err := parseJSONRequest(data, blp)
 			if err != nil {
 				panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected error: %w", err))
 			}

app/vlinsert/loki/loki_protobuf.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
@@ -23,53 +24,49 @@ var (
 	pushReqsPool sync.Pool
 )
 
-func handleProtobuf(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) bool {
+func handleProtobuf(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	startTime := time.Now()
-	lokiRequestsProtobufTotal.Inc()
+	requestsProtobufTotal.Inc()
 	wcr := writeconcurrencylimiter.GetReader(r.Body)
 	data, err := io.ReadAll(wcr)
 	writeconcurrencylimiter.PutReader(wcr)
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot read request body: %s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 
 	cp, err := getCommonParams(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse common params from request: %s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 	if err := vlstorage.CanWriteData(); err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
-	lr := logstorage.GetLogRows(cp.StreamFields, cp.IgnoreFields)
-	processLogMessage := cp.GetProcessLogMessageFunc(lr)
-	n, err := parseProtobufRequest(data, processLogMessage)
-	vlstorage.MustAddRows(lr)
-	logstorage.PutLogRows(lr)
+	lmp := cp.NewLogMessageProcessor()
+	n, err := parseProtobufRequest(data, lmp)
+	lmp.MustClose()
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse Loki protobuf request: %s", err)
-		return true
+		return
 	}
 
 	rowsIngestedProtobufTotal.Add(n)
 
-	// update lokiRequestProtobufDuration only for successfully parsed requests
-	// There is no need in updating lokiRequestProtobufDuration for request errors,
+	// update requestProtobufDuration only for successfully parsed requests
+	// There is no need in updating requestProtobufDuration for request errors,
 	// since their timings are usually much smaller than the timing for successful request parsing.
-	lokiRequestProtobufDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
-
-	return true
+	requestProtobufDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
 }
 
 var (
-	lokiRequestsProtobufTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="protobuf"}`)
-	rowsIngestedProtobufTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="loki",format="protobuf"}`)
-	lokiRequestProtobufDuration = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="protobuf"}`)
+	requestsProtobufTotal     = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="protobuf"}`)
+	rowsIngestedProtobufTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="loki",format="protobuf"}`)
+	requestProtobufDuration   = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push",format="protobuf"}`)
 )
 
-func parseProtobufRequest(data []byte, processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field)) (int, error) {
+func parseProtobufRequest(data []byte, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) (int, error) {
 	bb := bytesBufPool.Get()
 	defer bytesBufPool.Put(bb)
 
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ func parseProtobufRequest(data []byte, processLogMessage func(timestamp int64, f
 			if ts == 0 {
 				ts = currentTimestamp
 			}
-			processLogMessage(ts, fields)
+			lmp.AddRow(ts, fields)
 		}
 		rowsIngested += len(stream.Entries)
 	}

app/vlinsert/loki/loki_protobuf_test.go

@@ -6,83 +6,83 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
 	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 )
 
-func TestParseProtobufRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(s string, resultExpected string) {
+type testLogMessageProcessor struct {
+	pr PushRequest
+}
+
+func (tlp *testLogMessageProcessor) AddRow(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
+	msg := ""
+	for _, f := range fields {
+		if f.Name == "_msg" {
+			msg = f.Value
+		}
+	}
+	var a []string
+	for _, f := range fields {
+		if f.Name == "_msg" {
+			continue
+		}
+		item := fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", f.Name, f.Value)
+		a = append(a, item)
+	}
+	labels := "{" + strings.Join(a, ", ") + "}"
+	tlp.pr.Streams = append(tlp.pr.Streams, Stream{
+		Labels: labels,
+		Entries: []Entry{
+			{
+				Timestamp: time.Unix(0, timestamp),
+				Line:      msg,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func (tlp *testLogMessageProcessor) MustClose() {
+}
+
+func TestParseProtobufRequest_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string, timestampsExpected []int64, resultExpected string) {
 		t.Helper()
-		var pr PushRequest
-		n, err := parseJSONRequest([]byte(s), func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-			msg := ""
-			for _, f := range fields {
-				if f.Name == "_msg" {
-					msg = f.Value
-				}
-			}
-			var a []string
-			for _, f := range fields {
-				if f.Name == "_msg" {
-					continue
-				}
-				item := fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", f.Name, f.Value)
-				a = append(a, item)
-			}
-			labels := "{" + strings.Join(a, ", ") + "}"
-			pr.Streams = append(pr.Streams, Stream{
-				Labels: labels,
-				Entries: []Entry{
-					{
-						Timestamp: time.Unix(0, timestamp),
-						Line:      msg,
-					},
-				},
-			})
-		})
+
+		tlp := &testLogMessageProcessor{}
+		n, err := parseJSONRequest([]byte(s), tlp)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
-		if n != len(pr.Streams) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected number of streams; got %d; want %d", len(pr.Streams), n)
+		if n != len(tlp.pr.Streams) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected number of streams; got %d; want %d", len(tlp.pr.Streams), n)
 		}
 
-		data, err := pr.Marshal()
+		data, err := tlp.pr.Marshal()
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error when marshaling PushRequest: %s", err)
 		}
 		encodedData := snappy.Encode(nil, data)
 
-		var lines []string
-		n, err = parseProtobufRequest(encodedData, func(timestamp int64, fields []logstorage.Field) {
-			var a []string
-			for _, f := range fields {
-				a = append(a, f.String())
-			}
-			line := fmt.Sprintf("_time:%d %s", timestamp, strings.Join(a, " "))
-			lines = append(lines, line)
-		})
+		tlp2 := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
+		n, err = parseProtobufRequest(encodedData, tlp2)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
-		if n != len(lines) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected number of lines parsed; got %d; want %d", n, len(lines))
-		}
-		result := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		if err := tlp2.Verify(n, timestampsExpected, resultExpected); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Empty streams
-	f(`{"streams":[]}`, ``)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[]}]}`, ``)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[]}]}`, ``)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{"foo":"bar"},"values":[]}]}`, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[]}`, nil, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[]}]}`, nil, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[]}]}`, nil, ``)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{"foo":"bar"},"values":[]}]}`, nil, ``)
 
 	// Empty stream labels
-	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "_msg":"foo bar"`)
-	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "_msg":"foo bar"`)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, []int64{1577836800000000001}, `{"_msg":"foo bar"}`)
+	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{},"values":[["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"]]}]}`, []int64{1577836800000000001}, `{"_msg":"foo bar"}`)
 
 	// Non-empty stream labels
 	f(`{"streams":[{"stream":{
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ func TestParseProtobufRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	["1577836800000000001", "foo bar"],
 	["1477836900005000002", "abc"],
 	["147.78369e9", "foobar"]
-]}]}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"foo bar"
-_time:1477836900005000002 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"abc"
-_time:147783690000 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"foobar"`)
+]}]}`, []int64{1577836800000000001, 1477836900005000002, 147783690000}, `{"label1":"value1","label2":"value2","_msg":"foo bar"}
+{"label1":"value1","label2":"value2","_msg":"abc"}
+{"label1":"value1","label2":"value2","_msg":"foobar"}`)
 
 	// Multiple streams
 	f(`{
@@ -118,12 +118,12 @@ _time:147783690000 "label1":"value1" "label2":"value2" "_msg":"foobar"`)
 			]
 		}
 	]
-}`, `_time:1577836800000000001 "foo":"bar" "a":"b" "_msg":"foo bar"
-_time:1577836900005000002 "foo":"bar" "a":"b" "_msg":"abc"
-_time:1877836900005000002 "x":"y" "_msg":"yx"`)
+}`, []int64{1577836800000000001, 1577836900005000002, 1877836900005000002}, `{"foo":"bar","a":"b","_msg":"foo bar"}
+{"foo":"bar","a":"b","_msg":"abc"}
+{"x":"y","_msg":"yx"}`)
 }
 
-func TestParsePromLabelsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParsePromLabels_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(s string) {
 		t.Helper()
 		fields, err := parsePromLabels(nil, s)
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func TestParsePromLabelsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	f(`{foo="ba\"r\\z\n", a="", b="\"\\"}`)
 }
 
-func TestParsePromLabelsFailure(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParsePromLabels_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(s string) {
 		t.Helper()
 		fields, err := parsePromLabels(nil, s)

app/vlinsert/loki/loki_protobuf_timing_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 )
 
 func BenchmarkParseProtobufRequest(b *testing.B) {
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ func BenchmarkParseProtobufRequest(b *testing.B) {
 }
 
 func benchmarkParseProtobufRequest(b *testing.B, streams, rows, labels int) {
+	blp := &insertutils.BenchmarkLogMessageProcessor{}
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 	b.SetBytes(int64(streams * rows))
 	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
 		body := getProtobufBody(streams, rows, labels)
 		for pb.Next() {
-			_, err := parseProtobufRequest(body, func(_ int64, _ []logstorage.Field) {})
+			_, err := parseProtobufRequest(body, blp)
 			if err != nil {
 				panic(fmt.Errorf("unexpected error: %w", err))
 			}

app/vlinsert/main.go

@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/elasticsearch"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/jsonline"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/loki"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/syslog"
 )
 
 // Init initializes vlinsert
 func Init() {
+	syslog.MustInit()
 }
 
 // Stop stops vlinsert
 func Stop() {
+	syslog.MustStop()
 }
 
 // RequestHandler handles insert requests for VictoriaLogs
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, "//", "/")
 
 	if path == "/jsonline" {
-		return jsonline.RequestHandler(w, r)
+		jsonline.RequestHandler(w, r)
+		return true
 	}
 	switch {
 	case strings.HasPrefix(path, "/elasticsearch/"):

app/vlinsert/syslog/syslog.go

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+package syslog
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/cgroup"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/ingestserver"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/netutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/common"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/slicesutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/writeconcurrencylimiter"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+)
+
+var (
+	syslogTimezone = flag.String("syslog.timezone", "Local", "Timezone to use when parsing timestamps in RFC3164 syslog messages. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. "+
+		"For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/")
+
+	syslogTenantIDTCP = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.tenantID.tcp", "TenantID for logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/")
+	syslogTenantIDUDP = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.tenantID.udp", "TenantID for logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/")
+
+	listenAddrTCP = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.listenAddr.tcp", "Comma-separated list of TCP addresses to listen to for Syslog messages. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/")
+	listenAddrUDP = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.listenAddr.udp", "Comma-separated list of UDP address to listen to for Syslog messages. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/")
+
+	tlsEnable = flagutil.NewArrayBool("syslog.tls", "Whether to enable TLS for receiving syslog messages at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. "+
+		"The corresponding -syslog.tlsCertFile and -syslog.tlsKeyFile must be set if -syslog.tls is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security")
+	tlsCertFile = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.tlsCertFile", "Path to file with TLS certificate for the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if the corresponding -syslog.tls is set. "+
+		"Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security")
+	tlsKeyFile = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.tlsKeyFile", "Path to file with TLS key for the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if the corresponding -syslog.tls is set. "+
+		"The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security")
+	tlsCipherSuites = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.tlsCipherSuites", "Optional list of TLS cipher suites for -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if -syslog.tls is set. "+
+		"See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants . "+
+		"See also https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security")
+	tlsMinVersion = flag.String("syslog.tlsMinVersion", "TLS13", "The minimum TLS version to use for -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if -syslog.tls is set. "+
+		"Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security")
+
+	compressMethodTCP = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.compressMethod.tcp", "Compression method for syslog messages received at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. "+
+		"Supported values: none, gzip, deflate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#compression")
+	compressMethodUDP = flagutil.NewArrayString("syslog.compressMethod.udp", "Compression method for syslog messages received at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. "+
+		"Supported values: none, gzip, deflate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#compression")
+
+	useLocalTimestampTCP = flagutil.NewArrayBool("syslog.useLocalTimestamp.tcp", "Whether to use local timestamp instead of the original timestamp for the ingested syslog messages "+
+		"at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#log-timestamps")
+	useLocalTimestampUDP = flagutil.NewArrayBool("syslog.useLocalTimestamp.udp", "Whether to use local timestamp instead of the original timestamp for the ingested syslog messages "+
+		"at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#log-timestamps")
+)
+
+// MustInit initializes syslog parser at the given -syslog.listenAddr.tcp and -syslog.listenAddr.udp ports
+//
+// This function must be called after flag.Parse().
+//
+// MustStop() must be called in order to free up resources occupied by the initialized syslog parser.
+func MustInit() {
+	if workersStopCh != nil {
+		logger.Panicf("BUG: MustInit() called twice without MustStop() call")
+	}
+	workersStopCh = make(chan struct{})
+
+	for argIdx, addr := range *listenAddrTCP {
+		workersWG.Add(1)
+		go func(addr string, argIdx int) {
+			runTCPListener(addr, argIdx)
+			workersWG.Done()
+		}(addr, argIdx)
+	}
+
+	for argIdx, addr := range *listenAddrUDP {
+		workersWG.Add(1)
+		go func(addr string, argIdx int) {
+			runUDPListener(addr, argIdx)
+			workersWG.Done()
+		}(addr, argIdx)
+	}
+
+	currentYear := time.Now().Year()
+	globalCurrentYear.Store(int64(currentYear))
+	workersWG.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-workersStopCh:
+				ticker.Stop()
+				workersWG.Done()
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				currentYear := time.Now().Year()
+				globalCurrentYear.Store(int64(currentYear))
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if *syslogTimezone != "" {
+		tz, err := time.LoadLocation(*syslogTimezone)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("cannot parse -syslog.timezone=%q: %s", *syslogTimezone, err)
+		}
+		globalTimezone = tz
+	} else {
+		globalTimezone = time.Local
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	globalCurrentYear atomic.Int64
+	globalTimezone    *time.Location
+)
+
+var (
+	workersWG     sync.WaitGroup
+	workersStopCh chan struct{}
+)
+
+// MustStop stops syslog parser initialized via MustInit()
+func MustStop() {
+	close(workersStopCh)
+	workersWG.Wait()
+	workersStopCh = nil
+}
+
+func runUDPListener(addr string, argIdx int) {
+	ln, err := net.ListenPacket(netutil.GetUDPNetwork(), addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("cannot start UDP syslog server at %q: %s", addr, err)
+	}
+
+	tenantIDStr := syslogTenantIDUDP.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+	tenantID, err := logstorage.ParseTenantID(tenantIDStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("cannot parse -syslog.tenantID.udp=%q for -syslog.listenAddr.udp=%q: %s", tenantIDStr, addr, err)
+	}
+
+	compressMethod := compressMethodUDP.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+	checkCompressMethod(compressMethod, addr, "udp")
+
+	useLocalTimestamp := useLocalTimestampUDP.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		serveUDP(ln, tenantID, compressMethod, useLocalTimestamp)
+		close(doneCh)
+	}()
+
+	logger.Infof("started accepting syslog messages at -syslog.listenAddr.udp=%q", addr)
+	<-workersStopCh
+	if err := ln.Close(); err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("syslog: cannot close UDP listener at %s: %s", addr, err)
+	}
+	<-doneCh
+	logger.Infof("finished accepting syslog messages at -syslog.listenAddr.udp=%q", addr)
+}
+
+func runTCPListener(addr string, argIdx int) {
+	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
+	if tlsEnable.GetOptionalArg(argIdx) {
+		certFile := tlsCertFile.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+		keyFile := tlsKeyFile.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+		tc, err := netutil.GetServerTLSConfig(certFile, keyFile, *tlsMinVersion, *tlsCipherSuites)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("cannot load TLS cert from -syslog.tlsCertFile=%q, -syslog.tlsKeyFile=%q, -syslog.tlsMinVersion=%q, -syslog.tlsCipherSuites=%q: %s",
+				certFile, keyFile, *tlsMinVersion, *tlsCipherSuites, err)
+		}
+		tlsConfig = tc
+	}
+	ln, err := netutil.NewTCPListener("syslog", addr, false, tlsConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("syslog: cannot start TCP listener at %s: %s", addr, err)
+	}
+
+	tenantIDStr := syslogTenantIDTCP.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+	tenantID, err := logstorage.ParseTenantID(tenantIDStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("cannot parse -syslog.tenantID.tcp=%q for -syslog.listenAddr.tcp=%q: %s", tenantIDStr, addr, err)
+	}
+
+	compressMethod := compressMethodTCP.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+	checkCompressMethod(compressMethod, addr, "tcp")
+
+	useLocalTimestamp := useLocalTimestampTCP.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		serveTCP(ln, tenantID, compressMethod, useLocalTimestamp)
+		close(doneCh)
+	}()
+
+	logger.Infof("started accepting syslog messages at -syslog.listenAddr.tcp=%q", addr)
+	<-workersStopCh
+	if err := ln.Close(); err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("syslog: cannot close TCP listener at %s: %s", addr, err)
+	}
+	<-doneCh
+	logger.Infof("finished accepting syslog messages at -syslog.listenAddr.tcp=%q", addr)
+}
+
+func checkCompressMethod(compressMethod, addr, protocol string) {
+	switch compressMethod {
+	case "", "none", "gzip", "deflate":
+		return
+	default:
+		logger.Fatalf("unsupported -syslog.compressMethod.%s=%q for -syslog.listenAddr.%s=%q; supported values: 'none', 'gzip', 'deflate'", protocol, compressMethod, protocol, addr)
+	}
+}
+
+func serveUDP(ln net.PacketConn, tenantID logstorage.TenantID, compressMethod string, useLocalTimestamp bool) {
+	gomaxprocs := cgroup.AvailableCPUs()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	localAddr := ln.LocalAddr()
+	for i := 0; i < gomaxprocs; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			cp := insertutils.GetCommonParamsForSyslog(tenantID)
+			var bb bytesutil.ByteBuffer
+			bb.B = bytesutil.ResizeNoCopyNoOverallocate(bb.B, 64*1024)
+			for {
+				bb.Reset()
+				bb.B = bb.B[:cap(bb.B)]
+				n, remoteAddr, err := ln.ReadFrom(bb.B)
+				if err != nil {
+					udpErrorsTotal.Inc()
+					var ne net.Error
+					if errors.As(err, &ne) {
+						if ne.Temporary() {
+							logger.Errorf("syslog: temporary error when listening for UDP at %q: %s", localAddr, err)
+							time.Sleep(time.Second)
+							continue
+						}
+						if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "use of closed network connection") {
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					logger.Errorf("syslog: cannot read UDP data from %s at %s: %s", remoteAddr, localAddr, err)
+					continue
+				}
+				bb.B = bb.B[:n]
+				udpRequestsTotal.Inc()
+				if err := processStream(bb.NewReader(), compressMethod, useLocalTimestamp, cp); err != nil {
+					logger.Errorf("syslog: cannot process UDP data from %s at %s: %s", remoteAddr, localAddr, err)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func serveTCP(ln net.Listener, tenantID logstorage.TenantID, compressMethod string, useLocalTimestamp bool) {
+	var cm ingestserver.ConnsMap
+	cm.Init("syslog")
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	addr := ln.Addr()
+	for {
+		c, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			var ne net.Error
+			if errors.As(err, &ne) {
+				if ne.Temporary() {
+					logger.Errorf("syslog: temporary error when listening for TCP addr %q: %s", addr, err)
+					time.Sleep(time.Second)
+					continue
+				}
+				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "use of closed network connection") {
+					break
+				}
+				logger.Fatalf("syslog: unrecoverable error when accepting TCP connections at %q: %s", addr, err)
+			}
+			logger.Fatalf("syslog: unexpected error when accepting TCP connections at %q: %s", addr, err)
+		}
+		if !cm.Add(c) {
+			_ = c.Close()
+			break
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			cp := insertutils.GetCommonParamsForSyslog(tenantID)
+			if err := processStream(c, compressMethod, useLocalTimestamp, cp); err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("syslog: cannot process TCP data at %q: %s", addr, err)
+			}
+
+			cm.Delete(c)
+			_ = c.Close()
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	cm.CloseAll(0)
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+// processStream parses a stream of syslog messages from r and ingests them into vlstorage.
+func processStream(r io.Reader, compressMethod string, useLocalTimestamp bool, cp *insertutils.CommonParams) error {
+	if err := vlstorage.CanWriteData(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	lmp := cp.NewLogMessageProcessor()
+	err := processStreamInternal(r, compressMethod, useLocalTimestamp, lmp)
+	lmp.MustClose()
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func processStreamInternal(r io.Reader, compressMethod string, useLocalTimestamp bool, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) error {
+	switch compressMethod {
+	case "", "none":
+	case "gzip":
+		zr, err := common.GetGzipReader(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot read gzipped data: %w", err)
+		}
+		r = zr
+	case "deflate":
+		zr, err := common.GetZlibReader(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot read deflated data: %w", err)
+		}
+		r = zr
+	default:
+		logger.Panicf("BUG: unsupported compressMethod=%q; supported values: none, gzip, deflate", compressMethod)
+	}
+
+	err := processUncompressedStream(r, useLocalTimestamp, lmp)
+
+	switch compressMethod {
+	case "gzip":
+		zr := r.(*gzip.Reader)
+		common.PutGzipReader(zr)
+	case "deflate":
+		zr := r.(io.ReadCloser)
+		common.PutZlibReader(zr)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func processUncompressedStream(r io.Reader, useLocalTimestamp bool, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) error {
+	wcr := writeconcurrencylimiter.GetReader(r)
+	defer writeconcurrencylimiter.PutReader(wcr)
+
+	slr := getSyslogLineReader(wcr)
+	defer putSyslogLineReader(slr)
+
+	n := 0
+	for {
+		ok := slr.nextLine()
+		wcr.DecConcurrency()
+		if !ok {
+			break
+		}
+
+		currentYear := int(globalCurrentYear.Load())
+		err := processLine(slr.line, currentYear, globalTimezone, useLocalTimestamp, lmp)
+		if err != nil {
+			errorsTotal.Inc()
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot read line #%d: %s", n, err)
+		}
+		n++
+		rowsIngestedTotal.Inc()
+	}
+	return slr.Error()
+}
+
+type syslogLineReader struct {
+	line []byte
+
+	br  *bufio.Reader
+	err error
+}
+
+func (slr *syslogLineReader) reset(r io.Reader) {
+	slr.line = slr.line[:0]
+	slr.br.Reset(r)
+	slr.err = nil
+}
+
+// Error returns the last error occurred in slr.
+func (slr *syslogLineReader) Error() error {
+	if slr.err == nil || slr.err == io.EOF {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return slr.err
+}
+
+// nextLine reads the next syslog line from slr and stores it at slr.line.
+//
+// false is returned if the next line cannot be read. Error() must be called in this case
+// in order to verify whether there is an error or just slr stream has been finished.
+func (slr *syslogLineReader) nextLine() bool {
+	if slr.err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+again:
+	prefix, err := slr.br.ReadSlice(' ')
+	if err != nil {
+		if err != io.EOF {
+			slr.err = fmt.Errorf("cannot read message frame prefix: %w", err)
+			return false
+		}
+		if len(prefix) == 0 {
+			slr.err = err
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// skip empty lines
+	for len(prefix) > 0 && prefix[0] == '\n' {
+		prefix = prefix[1:]
+	}
+	if len(prefix) == 0 {
+		// An empty prefix or a prefix with empty lines - try reading yet another prefix.
+		goto again
+	}
+
+	if prefix[0] >= '0' && prefix[0] <= '9' {
+		// This is octet-counting method. See https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-gerhards-syslog-plain-tcp-07.html#msgxfer
+		msgLenStr := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(prefix[:len(prefix)-1])
+		msgLen, err := strconv.ParseUint(msgLenStr, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			slr.err = fmt.Errorf("cannot parse message length from %q: %w", msgLenStr, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		if maxMsgLen := insertutils.MaxLineSizeBytes.IntN(); msgLen > uint64(maxMsgLen) {
+			slr.err = fmt.Errorf("cannot read message longer than %d bytes; msgLen=%d", maxMsgLen, msgLen)
+			return false
+		}
+		slr.line = slicesutil.SetLength(slr.line, int(msgLen))
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(slr.br, slr.line); err != nil {
+			slr.err = fmt.Errorf("cannot read message with size %d bytes: %w", msgLen, err)
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// This is octet-stuffing method. See https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-gerhards-syslog-plain-tcp-07.html#octet-stuffing-legacy
+	slr.line = append(slr.line[:0], prefix...)
+	for {
+		line, err := slr.br.ReadSlice('\n')
+		if err == nil {
+			slr.line = append(slr.line, line[:len(line)-1]...)
+			return true
+		}
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			slr.line = append(slr.line, line...)
+			return true
+		}
+		if err == bufio.ErrBufferFull {
+			slr.line = append(slr.line, line...)
+			continue
+		}
+		slr.err = fmt.Errorf("cannot read message in octet-stuffing method: %w", err)
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func getSyslogLineReader(r io.Reader) *syslogLineReader {
+	v := syslogLineReaderPool.Get()
+	if v == nil {
+		br := bufio.NewReaderSize(r, 64*1024)
+		return &syslogLineReader{
+			br: br,
+		}
+	}
+	slr := v.(*syslogLineReader)
+	slr.reset(r)
+	return slr
+}
+
+func putSyslogLineReader(slr *syslogLineReader) {
+	syslogLineReaderPool.Put(slr)
+}
+
+var syslogLineReaderPool sync.Pool
+
+func processLine(line []byte, currentYear int, timezone *time.Location, useLocalTimestamp bool, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) error {
+	p := logstorage.GetSyslogParser(currentYear, timezone)
+	lineStr := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(line)
+	p.Parse(lineStr)
+
+	var ts int64
+	if useLocalTimestamp {
+		ts = time.Now().UnixNano()
+	} else {
+		nsecs, err := insertutils.ExtractTimestampRFC3339NanoFromFields("timestamp", p.Fields)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot get timestamp from syslog line %q: %w", line, err)
+		}
+		ts = nsecs
+	}
+	logstorage.RenameField(p.Fields, "message", "_msg")
+	lmp.AddRow(ts, p.Fields)
+	logstorage.PutSyslogParser(p)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var (
+	rowsIngestedTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_rows_ingested_total{type="syslog"}`)
+
+	errorsTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_errors_total{type="syslog"}`)
+
+	udpRequestsTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_udp_reqests_total{type="syslog"}`)
+	udpErrorsTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_udp_errors_total{type="syslog"}`)
+)

app/vlinsert/syslog/syslog_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package syslog
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
+)
+
+func TestSyslogLineReader_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string, linesExpected []string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
+		slr := getSyslogLineReader(r)
+		defer putSyslogLineReader(slr)
+
+		var lines []string
+		for slr.nextLine() {
+			lines = append(lines, string(slr.line))
+		}
+		if err := slr.Error(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(lines, linesExpected) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected lines read;\ngot\n%q\nwant\n%q", lines, linesExpected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("", nil)
+	f("\n", nil)
+	f("\n\n\n", nil)
+
+	f("foobar", []string{"foobar"})
+	f("foobar\n", []string{"foobar\n"})
+	f("\n\nfoo\n\nbar\n\n", []string{"foo\n\nbar\n\n"})
+
+	f(`Jun  3 12:08:33 abcd systemd: Starting Update the local ESM caches...`, []string{"Jun  3 12:08:33 abcd systemd: Starting Update the local ESM caches..."})
+
+	f(`Jun  3 12:08:33 abcd systemd: Starting Update the local ESM caches...
+
+48 <165>Jun  4 12:08:33 abcd systemd[345]: abc defg<123>1 2023-06-03T17:42:12.345Z mymachine.example.com appname 12345 ID47 [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource="Application 123 = ] 56" eventID="11211"] This is a test message with structured data.
+
+`, []string{
+		"Jun  3 12:08:33 abcd systemd: Starting Update the local ESM caches...",
+		"<165>Jun  4 12:08:33 abcd systemd[345]: abc defg",
+		`<123>1 2023-06-03T17:42:12.345Z mymachine.example.com appname 12345 ID47 [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource="Application 123 = ] 56" eventID="11211"] This is a test message with structured data.`,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSyslogLineReader_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
+		slr := getSyslogLineReader(r)
+		defer putSyslogLineReader(slr)
+
+		if slr.nextLine() {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting failure to read the first line")
+		}
+		if err := slr.Error(); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// invalid format for message size
+	f("12foo bar")
+
+	// too big message size
+	f("123 aa")
+	f("1233423432 abc")
+}
+
+func TestProcessStreamInternal_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string, currentYear, rowsExpected int, timestampsExpected []int64, resultExpected string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		MustInit()
+		defer MustStop()
+
+		globalTimezone = time.UTC
+		globalCurrentYear.Store(int64(currentYear))
+
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
+		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
+		if err := processStreamInternal(r, "", false, tlp); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+		}
+		if err := tlp.Verify(rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	data := `Jun  3 12:08:33 abcd systemd: Starting Update the local ESM caches...
+
+48 <165>Jun  4 12:08:33 abcd systemd[345]: abc defg<123>1 2023-06-03T17:42:12.345Z mymachine.example.com appname 12345 ID47 [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource="Application 123 = ] 56" eventID="11211"] This is a test message with structured data.
+`
+	currentYear := 2023
+	rowsExpected := 3
+	timestampsExpected := []int64{1685794113000000000, 1685880513000000000, 1685814132345000000}
+	resultExpected := `{"format":"rfc3164","timestamp":"","hostname":"abcd","app_name":"systemd","_msg":"Starting Update the local ESM caches..."}
+{"priority":"165","facility":"20","severity":"5","format":"rfc3164","timestamp":"","hostname":"abcd","app_name":"systemd","proc_id":"345","_msg":"abc defg"}
+{"priority":"123","facility":"15","severity":"3","format":"rfc5424","timestamp":"","hostname":"mymachine.example.com","app_name":"appname","proc_id":"12345","msg_id":"ID47","exampleSDID@32473.iut":"3","exampleSDID@32473.eventSource":"Application 123 = ] 56","exampleSDID@32473.eventID":"11211","_msg":"This is a test message with structured data."}`
+	f(data, currentYear, rowsExpected, timestampsExpected, resultExpected)
+}
+
+func TestProcessStreamInternal_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		MustInit()
+		defer MustStop()
+
+		tlp := &insertutils.TestLogMessageProcessor{}
+		r := bytes.NewBufferString(data)
+		if err := processStreamInternal(r, "", false, tlp); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// invalid format for message size
+	f("12foo bar")
+
+	// too big message size
+	f("123 foo")
+	f("123456789 bar")
+}

app/vlogsgenerator/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# All these commands must run from repository root.
+
+vlogsgenerator:
+	APP_NAME=vlogsgenerator $(MAKE) app-local
+
+vlogsgenerator-race:
+	APP_NAME=vlogsgenerator RACE=-race $(MAKE) app-local

app/vlogsgenerator/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# vlogsgenerator
+
+Logs generator for [VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/).
+
+## How to build vlogsgenerator?
+
+Run `make vlogsgenerator` from the repository root. This builds `bin/vlogsgenerator` binary.
+
+## How run vlogsgenerator?
+
+`vlogsgenerator` generates logs in [JSON line format](https://jsonlines.org/) suitable for the ingestion
+via [`/insert/jsonline` endpoint at VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/#json-stream-api).
+
+By default it writes the generated logs into `stdout`. For example, the following command writes generated logs to `stdout`:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator
+```
+
+It is possible to redirect the generated logs to file. For example, the following command writes the generated logs to `logs.json` file:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator > logs.json
+```
+
+The generated logs at `logs.json` file can be inspected with the following command:
+
+```
+head logs.json | jq .
+```
+
+Below is an example output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "_time": "2024-05-08T14:34:00.854Z",
+  "_msg": "message for the stream 8 and worker 0; ip=185.69.136.129; uuid=b4fe8f1a-c93c-dea3-ba11-5b9f0509291e; u64=8996587920687045253",
+  "host": "host_8",
+  "worker_id": "0",
+  "run_id": "f9b3deee-e6b6-7f56-5deb-1586e4e81725",
+  "const_0": "some value 0 8",
+  "const_1": "some value 1 8",
+  "const_2": "some value 2 8",
+  "var_0": "some value 0 12752539384823438260",
+  "dict_0": "warn",
+  "dict_1": "info",
+  "u8_0": "6",
+  "u16_0": "35202",
+  "u32_0": "1964973739",
+  "u64_0": "4810489083243239145",
+  "float_0": "1.868",
+  "ip_0": "250.34.75.125",
+  "timestamp_0": "1799-03-16T01:34:18.311Z",
+  "json_0": "{\"foo\":\"bar_3\",\"baz\":{\"a\":[\"x\",\"y\"]},\"f3\":NaN,\"f4\":32}"
+}
+{
+  "_time": "2024-05-08T14:34:00.854Z",
+  "_msg": "message for the stream 9 and worker 0; ip=164.244.254.194; uuid=7e8373b1-ce0d-1ce7-8e96-4bcab8955598; u64=13949903463741076522",
+  "host": "host_9",
+  "worker_id": "0",
+  "run_id": "f9b3deee-e6b6-7f56-5deb-1586e4e81725",
+  "const_0": "some value 0 9",
+  "const_1": "some value 1 9",
+  "const_2": "some value 2 9",
+  "var_0": "some value 0 5371555382075206134",
+  "dict_0": "INFO",
+  "dict_1": "FATAL",
+  "u8_0": "219",
+  "u16_0": "31459",
+  "u32_0": "3918836777",
+  "u64_0": "6593354256620219850",
+  "float_0": "1.085",
+  "ip_0": "253.151.88.158",
+  "timestamp_0": "2042-10-05T16:42:57.082Z",
+  "json_0": "{\"foo\":\"bar_5\",\"baz\":{\"a\":[\"x\",\"y\"]},\"f3\":NaN,\"f4\":27}"
+}
+```
+
+The `run_id` field uniquely identifies every `vlogsgenerator` invocation.
+
+### How to write logs to VictoriaLogs?
+
+The generated logs can be written directly to VictoriaLogs by passing the address of [`/insert/jsonline` endpoint](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/#json-stream-api)
+to `-addr` command-line flag. For example, the following command writes the generated logs to VictoriaLogs running at `localhost`:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator -addr=http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline
+```
+
+### Configuration
+
+`vlogsgenerator` accepts various command-line flags, which can be used for configuring the number and the shape of the generated logs.
+These flags can be inspected by running `vlogsgenerator -help`. Below are the most interesting flags:
+
+* `-start` - starting timestamp for generating logs. Logs are evenly generated on the [`-start` ... `-end`] interval.
+* `-end` - ending timestamp for generating logs. Logs are evenly generated on the [`-start` ... `-end`] interval.
+* `-activeStreams` - the number of active [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) to generate.
+* `-logsPerStream` - the number of log entries to generate per each log stream. Log entries are evenly distributed on the [`-start` ... `-end`] interval.
+
+The total number of generated logs can be calculated as `-activeStreams` * `-logsPerStream`.
+
+For example, the following command generates `1_000_000` log entries on the time range `[2024-01-01 - 2024-02-01]` across `100`
+[log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields), where every logs stream contains `10_000` log entries,
+and writes them to `http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline`:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator \
+  -start=2024-01-01 -end=2024-02-01 \
+  -activeStreams=100 \
+  -logsPerStream=10_000 \
+  -addr=http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline
+```
+
+### Churn rate
+
+It is possible to generate churn rate for active [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields)
+by specifying `-totalStreams` command-line flag bigger than `-activeStreams`. For example, the following command generates
+logs for `1000` total streams, while the number of active streams equals to `100`. This means that at every time there are logs for `100` streams,
+but these streams change over the given [`-start` ... `-end`] time range, so the total number of streams on the given time range becomes `1000`:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator \
+  -start=2024-01-01 -end=2024-02-01 \
+  -activeStreams=100 \
+  -totalStreams=1_000 \
+  -logsPerStream=10_000 \
+  -addr=http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline
+```
+
+In this case the total number of generated logs equals to `-totalStreams` * `-logsPerStream` = `10_000_000`.
+
+### Benchmark tuning
+
+By default `vlogsgenerator` generates and writes logs by a single worker. This may limit the maximum data ingestion rate during benchmarks.
+The number of workers can be changed via `-workers` command-line flag. For example, the following command generates and writes logs with `16` workers:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator \
+  -start=2024-01-01 -end=2024-02-01 \
+  -activeStreams=100 \
+  -logsPerStream=10_000 \
+  -addr=http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline \
+  -workers=16
+```
+
+### Output statistics
+
+Every 10 seconds `vlogsgenerator` writes statistics about the generated logs into `stderr`. The frequency of the generated statistics can be adjusted via `-statInterval` command-line flag.
+For example, the following command writes statistics every 2 seconds:
+
+```
+bin/vlogsgenerator \
+  -start=2024-01-01 -end=2024-02-01 \
+  -activeStreams=100 \
+  -logsPerStream=10_000 \
+  -addr=http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline \
+  -statInterval=2s
+```

app/vlogsgenerator/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/buildinfo"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/envflag"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
+)
+
+var (
+	addr    = flag.String("addr", "stdout", "HTTP address to push the generated logs to; if it is set to stdout, then logs are generated to stdout")
+	workers = flag.Int("workers", 1, "The number of workers to use to push logs to -addr")
+
+	start         = newTimeFlag("start", "-1d", "Generated logs start from this time; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#timestamp-formats")
+	end           = newTimeFlag("end", "0s", "Generated logs end at this time; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#timestamp-formats")
+	activeStreams = flag.Int("activeStreams", 100, "The number of active log streams to generate; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields")
+	totalStreams  = flag.Int("totalStreams", 0, "The number of total log streams; if -totalStreams > -activeStreams, then some active streams are substituted with new streams "+
+		"during data generation")
+	logsPerStream     = flag.Int64("logsPerStream", 1_000, "The number of log entries to generate per each log stream. Log entries are evenly distributed between -start and -end")
+	constFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("constFieldsPerLog", 3, "The number of fields with constaint values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	varFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("varFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with variable values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	dictFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("dictFieldsPerLog", 2, "The number of fields with up to 8 different values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	u8FieldsPerLog = flag.Int("u8FieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with uint8 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	u16FieldsPerLog = flag.Int("u16FieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with uint16 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	u32FieldsPerLog = flag.Int("u32FieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with uint32 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	u64FieldsPerLog = flag.Int("u64FieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with uint64 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	floatFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("floatFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with float64 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	ipFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("ipFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with IPv4 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	timestampFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("timestampFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with ISO8601 timestamps per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	jsonFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("jsonFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of JSON fields to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+
+	statInterval = flag.Duration("statInterval", 10*time.Second, "The interval between publishing the stats")
+)
+
+func main() {
+	// Write flags and help message to stdout, since it is easier to grep or pipe.
+	flag.CommandLine.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+	envflag.Parse()
+	buildinfo.Init()
+	logger.Init()
+
+	var remoteWriteURL *url.URL
+	if *addr != "stdout" {
+		urlParsed, err := url.Parse(*addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("cannot parse -addr=%q: %s", *addr, err)
+		}
+		qs, err := url.ParseQuery(urlParsed.RawQuery)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("cannot parse query string in -addr=%q: %w", *addr, err)
+		}
+		qs.Set("_stream_fields", "host,worker_id")
+		urlParsed.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
+		remoteWriteURL = urlParsed
+	}
+
+	if start.nsec >= end.nsec {
+		logger.Fatalf("-start=%s must be smaller than -end=%s", start, end)
+	}
+	if *activeStreams <= 0 {
+		logger.Fatalf("-activeStreams must be bigger than 0; got %d", *activeStreams)
+	}
+	if *logsPerStream <= 0 {
+		logger.Fatalf("-logsPerStream must be bigger than 0; got %d", *logsPerStream)
+	}
+	if *totalStreams < *activeStreams {
+		*totalStreams = *activeStreams
+	}
+
+	cfg := &workerConfig{
+		url:           remoteWriteURL,
+		activeStreams: *activeStreams,
+		totalStreams:  *totalStreams,
+	}
+
+	// divide total and active streams among workers
+	if *workers <= 0 {
+		logger.Fatalf("-workers must be bigger than 0; got %d", *workers)
+	}
+	if *workers > *activeStreams {
+		logger.Fatalf("-workers=%d cannot exceed -activeStreams=%d", *workers, *activeStreams)
+	}
+	cfg.activeStreams /= *workers
+	cfg.totalStreams /= *workers
+
+	logger.Infof("start -workers=%d workers for ingesting -logsPerStream=%d log entries per each -totalStreams=%d (-activeStreams=%d) on a time range -start=%s, -end=%s to -addr=%s",
+		*workers, *logsPerStream, *totalStreams, *activeStreams, toRFC3339(start.nsec), toRFC3339(end.nsec), *addr)
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < *workers; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(workerID int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			generateAndPushLogs(cfg, workerID)
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		prevEntries := uint64(0)
+		prevBytes := uint64(0)
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(*statInterval)
+		for range ticker.C {
+			currEntries := logEntriesCount.Load()
+			deltaEntries := currEntries - prevEntries
+			rateEntries := float64(deltaEntries) / statInterval.Seconds()
+
+			currBytes := bytesGenerated.Load()
+			deltaBytes := currBytes - prevBytes
+			rateBytes := float64(deltaBytes) / statInterval.Seconds()
+			logger.Infof("generated %dK log entries (%dK total) at %.0fK entries/sec, %dMB (%dMB total) at %.0fMB/sec",
+				deltaEntries/1e3, currEntries/1e3, rateEntries/1e3, deltaBytes/1e6, currBytes/1e6, rateBytes/1e6)
+
+			prevEntries = currEntries
+			prevBytes = currBytes
+		}
+	}()
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	dSecs := time.Since(startTime).Seconds()
+	currEntries := logEntriesCount.Load()
+	currBytes := bytesGenerated.Load()
+	rateEntries := float64(currEntries) / dSecs
+	rateBytes := float64(currBytes) / dSecs
+	logger.Infof("ingested %dK log entries (%dMB) in %.3f seconds; avg ingestion rate: %.0fK entries/sec, %.0fMB/sec", currEntries/1e3, currBytes/1e6, dSecs, rateEntries/1e3, rateBytes/1e6)
+}
+
+var logEntriesCount atomic.Uint64
+
+var bytesGenerated atomic.Uint64
+
+type workerConfig struct {
+	url           *url.URL
+	activeStreams int
+	totalStreams  int
+}
+
+type statWriter struct {
+	w io.Writer
+}
+
+func (sw *statWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	bytesGenerated.Add(uint64(len(p)))
+	return sw.w.Write(p)
+}
+
+func generateAndPushLogs(cfg *workerConfig, workerID int) {
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	sw := &statWriter{
+		w: pw,
+	}
+	bw := bufio.NewWriter(sw)
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		generateLogs(bw, workerID, cfg.activeStreams, cfg.totalStreams)
+		_ = bw.Flush()
+		_ = pw.Close()
+		close(doneCh)
+	}()
+
+	if cfg.url == nil {
+		_, err := io.Copy(os.Stdout, pr)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("unexpected error when writing logs to stdout: %s", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", cfg.url.String(), pr)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("cannot create request to %q: %s", cfg.url, err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("cannot perform request to %q: %s", cfg.url, err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode/100 != 2 {
+		logger.Fatalf("unexpected status code got from %q: %d; want 2xx", cfg.url, err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait until all the generateLogs goroutine is finished.
+	<-doneCh
+}
+
+func generateLogs(bw *bufio.Writer, workerID, activeStreams, totalStreams int) {
+	streamLifetime := int64(float64(end.nsec-start.nsec) * (float64(activeStreams) / float64(totalStreams)))
+	streamStep := int64(float64(end.nsec-start.nsec) / float64(totalStreams-activeStreams+1))
+	step := streamLifetime / (*logsPerStream - 1)
+
+	currNsec := start.nsec
+	for currNsec < end.nsec {
+		firstStreamID := int((currNsec - start.nsec) / streamStep)
+		generateLogsAtTimestamp(bw, workerID, currNsec, firstStreamID, activeStreams)
+		currNsec += step
+	}
+}
+
+var runID = toUUID(rand.Uint64(), rand.Uint64())
+
+func generateLogsAtTimestamp(bw *bufio.Writer, workerID int, ts int64, firstStreamID, activeStreams int) {
+	streamID := firstStreamID
+	timeStr := toRFC3339(ts)
+	for i := 0; i < activeStreams; i++ {
+		ip := toIPv4(rand.Uint32())
+		uuid := toUUID(rand.Uint64(), rand.Uint64())
+		fmt.Fprintf(bw, `{"_time":%q,"_msg":"message for the stream %d and worker %d; ip=%s; uuid=%s; u64=%d","host":"host_%d","worker_id":"%d"`,
+			timeStr, streamID, workerID, ip, uuid, rand.Uint64(), streamID, workerID)
+		fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"run_id":"%s"`, runID)
+		for j := 0; j < *constFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"const_%d":"some value %d %d"`, j, j, streamID)
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *varFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"var_%d":"some value %d %d"`, j, j, rand.Uint64())
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *dictFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"dict_%d":"%s"`, j, dictValues[rand.Intn(len(dictValues))])
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *u8FieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"u8_%d":"%d"`, j, uint8(rand.Uint32()))
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *u16FieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"u16_%d":"%d"`, j, uint16(rand.Uint32()))
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *u32FieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"u32_%d":"%d"`, j, rand.Uint32())
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *u64FieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"u64_%d":"%d"`, j, rand.Uint64())
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *floatFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"float_%d":"%v"`, j, math.Round(10_000*rand.Float64())/1000)
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *ipFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			ip := toIPv4(rand.Uint32())
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"ip_%d":"%s"`, j, ip)
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *timestampFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			timestamp := toISO8601(int64(rand.Uint64()))
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"timestamp_%d":"%s"`, j, timestamp)
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < *jsonFieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"json_%d":"{\"foo\":\"bar_%d\",\"baz\":{\"a\":[\"x\",\"y\"]},\"f3\":NaN,\"f4\":%d}"`, j, rand.Intn(10), rand.Intn(100))
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(bw, "}\n")
+
+		logEntriesCount.Add(1)
+		streamID++
+	}
+}
+
+var dictValues = []string{
+	"debug",
+	"info",
+	"warn",
+	"error",
+	"fatal",
+	"ERROR",
+	"FATAL",
+	"INFO",
+}
+
+func newTimeFlag(name, defaultValue, description string) *timeFlag {
+	var tf timeFlag
+	if err := tf.Set(defaultValue); err != nil {
+		logger.Panicf("invalid defaultValue=%q for flag %q: %w", defaultValue, name, err)
+	}
+	flag.Var(&tf, name, description)
+	return &tf
+}
+
+type timeFlag struct {
+	s    string
+	nsec int64
+}
+
+func (tf *timeFlag) Set(s string) error {
+	msec, err := promutils.ParseTimeMsec(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse time from %q: %w", s, err)
+	}
+	tf.s = s
+	tf.nsec = msec * 1e6
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tf *timeFlag) String() string {
+	return tf.s
+}
+
+func toRFC3339(nsec int64) string {
+	return time.Unix(0, nsec).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
+}
+
+func toISO8601(nsec int64) string {
+	return time.Unix(0, nsec).UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z")
+}
+
+func toIPv4(n uint32) string {
+	dst := make([]byte, 0, len("255.255.255.255"))
+	dst = marshalUint64(dst, uint64(n>>24))
+	dst = append(dst, '.')
+	dst = marshalUint64(dst, uint64((n>>16)&0xff))
+	dst = append(dst, '.')
+	dst = marshalUint64(dst, uint64((n>>8)&0xff))
+	dst = append(dst, '.')
+	dst = marshalUint64(dst, uint64(n&0xff))
+	return string(dst)
+}
+
+func toUUID(a, b uint64) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x", a&(1<<32-1), (a>>32)&(1<<16-1), (a >> 48), b&(1<<16-1), b>>16)
+}
+
+// marshalUint64 appends string representation of n to dst and returns the result.
+func marshalUint64(dst []byte, n uint64) []byte {
+	return strconv.AppendUint(dst, n, 10)
+}

app/vlselect/logsql/buffered_writer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package logsql
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+func getBufferedWriter(w io.Writer) *bufferedWriter {
+	v := bufferedWriterPool.Get()
+	if v == nil {
+		return &bufferedWriter{
+			bw: bufio.NewWriter(w),
+		}
+	}
+	bw := v.(*bufferedWriter)
+	bw.bw.Reset(w)
+	return bw
+}
+
+func putBufferedWriter(bw *bufferedWriter) {
+	bw.reset()
+	bufferedWriterPool.Put(bw)
+}
+
+var bufferedWriterPool sync.Pool
+
+type bufferedWriter struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	bw *bufio.Writer
+}
+
+func (bw *bufferedWriter) reset() {
+	// nothing to do
+}
+
+func (bw *bufferedWriter) WriteIgnoreErrors(p []byte) {
+	bw.mu.Lock()
+	_, _ = bw.bw.Write(p)
+	bw.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (bw *bufferedWriter) FlushIgnoreErrors() {
+	bw.mu.Lock()
+	_ = bw.bw.Flush()
+	bw.mu.Unlock()
+}

app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{% import (
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+) %}
+
+{% stripspace %}
+
+// FieldsForHits formats labels for /select/logsql/hits response
+{% func FieldsForHits(columns []logstorage.BlockColumn, rowIdx int) %}
+{
+	{% if len(columns) > 0 %}
+		{%q= columns[0].Name %}:{%q= columns[0].Values[rowIdx] %}
+		{% for _, c := range columns[1:] %}
+			,{%q= c.Name %}:{%q= c.Values[rowIdx] %}
+		{% endfor %}
+	{% endif %}
+}
+{% endfunc %}
+
+{% func HitsSeries(m map[string]*hitsSeries) %}
+{
+	{% code
+		sortedKeys := make([]string, 0, len(m))
+		for k := range m {
+			sortedKeys = append(sortedKeys, k)
+		}
+		slices.Sort(sortedKeys)
+	%}
+	"hits":[
+		{% if len(sortedKeys) > 0 %}
+			{%= hitsSeriesLine(m, sortedKeys[0]) %}
+			{% for _, k := range sortedKeys[1:] %}
+				,{%= hitsSeriesLine(m, k) %}
+			{% endfor %}
+		{% endif %}
+	]
+}
+{% endfunc %}
+
+{% func hitsSeriesLine(m map[string]*hitsSeries, k string) %}
+{
+	{% code
+		hs := m[k]
+		hs.sort()
+		timestamps := hs.timestamps
+		hits := hs.hits
+	%}
+	"fields":{%s= k %},
+	"timestamps":[
+		{% if len(timestamps) > 0 %}
+			{%q= timestamps[0] %}
+			{% for _, ts := range timestamps[1:] %}
+				,{%q= ts %}
+			{% endfor %}
+		{% endif %}
+	],
+	"values":[
+		{% if len(hits) > 0 %}
+			{%dul= hits[0] %}
+			{% for _, v := range hits[1:] %}
+				,{%dul= v %}
+			{% endfor %}
+		{% endif %}
+	],
+	"total":{%dul= hs.hitsTotal %}
+}
+{% endfunc %}
+
+{% endstripspace %}

app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+// Code generated by qtc from "hits_response.qtpl". DO NOT EDIT.
+// See https://github.com/valyala/quicktemplate for details.
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:1
+package logsql
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:1
+import (
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+)
+
+// FieldsForHits formats labels for /select/logsql/hits response
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:10
+import (
+	qtio422016 "io"
+
+	qt422016 "github.com/valyala/quicktemplate"
+)
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:10
+var (
+	_ = qtio422016.Copy
+	_ = qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer
+)
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:10
+func StreamFieldsForHits(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, columns []logstorage.BlockColumn, rowIdx int) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:10
+	qw422016.N().S(`{`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:12
+	if len(columns) > 0 {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:13
+		qw422016.N().Q(columns[0].Name)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:13
+		qw422016.N().S(`:`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:13
+		qw422016.N().Q(columns[0].Values[rowIdx])
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:14
+		for _, c := range columns[1:] {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:14
+			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:15
+			qw422016.N().Q(c.Name)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:15
+			qw422016.N().S(`:`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:15
+			qw422016.N().Q(c.Values[rowIdx])
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:16
+		}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:17
+	}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:17
+	qw422016.N().S(`}`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+func WriteFieldsForHits(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, columns []logstorage.BlockColumn, rowIdx int) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	StreamFieldsForHits(qw422016, columns, rowIdx)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+func FieldsForHits(columns []logstorage.BlockColumn, rowIdx int) string {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	WriteFieldsForHits(qb422016, columns, rowIdx)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+	return qs422016
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:19
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:21
+func StreamHitsSeries(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, m map[string]*hitsSeries) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:21
+	qw422016.N().S(`{`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:24
+	sortedKeys := make([]string, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		sortedKeys = append(sortedKeys, k)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(sortedKeys)
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:29
+	qw422016.N().S(`"hits":[`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:31
+	if len(sortedKeys) > 0 {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:32
+		streamhitsSeriesLine(qw422016, m, sortedKeys[0])
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:33
+		for _, k := range sortedKeys[1:] {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:33
+			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:34
+			streamhitsSeriesLine(qw422016, m, k)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:35
+		}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:36
+	}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:36
+	qw422016.N().S(`]}`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+func WriteHitsSeries(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, m map[string]*hitsSeries) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	StreamHitsSeries(qw422016, m)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+func HitsSeries(m map[string]*hitsSeries) string {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	WriteHitsSeries(qb422016, m)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+	return qs422016
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:39
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:41
+func streamhitsSeriesLine(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, m map[string]*hitsSeries, k string) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:41
+	qw422016.N().S(`{`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:44
+	hs := m[k]
+	hs.sort()
+	timestamps := hs.timestamps
+	hits := hs.hits
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:48
+	qw422016.N().S(`"fields":`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:49
+	qw422016.N().S(k)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:49
+	qw422016.N().S(`,"timestamps":[`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:51
+	if len(timestamps) > 0 {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:52
+		qw422016.N().Q(timestamps[0])
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:53
+		for _, ts := range timestamps[1:] {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:53
+			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:54
+			qw422016.N().Q(ts)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:55
+		}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:56
+	}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:56
+	qw422016.N().S(`],"values":[`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:59
+	if len(hits) > 0 {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:60
+		qw422016.N().DUL(hits[0])
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:61
+		for _, v := range hits[1:] {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:61
+			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:62
+			qw422016.N().DUL(v)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:63
+		}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:64
+	}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:64
+	qw422016.N().S(`],"total":`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:66
+	qw422016.N().DUL(hs.hitsTotal)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:66
+	qw422016.N().S(`}`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+func writehitsSeriesLine(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, m map[string]*hitsSeries, k string) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	streamhitsSeriesLine(qw422016, m, k)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+func hitsSeriesLine(m map[string]*hitsSeries, k string) string {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	writehitsSeriesLine(qb422016, m, k)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+	return qs422016
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/hits_response.qtpl:68
+}

app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.go

@@ -1,66 +1,770 @@
 package logsql
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httputils"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
 )
 
-var (
-	maxSortBufferSize = flagutil.NewBytes("select.maxSortBufferSize", 1024*1024, "Query results from /select/logsql/query are automatically sorted by _time "+
-		"if their summary size doesn't exceed this value; otherwise, query results are streamed in the response without sorting; "+
-		"too big value for this flag may result in high memory usage since the sorting is performed in memory")
-)
-
-// ProcessQueryRequest handles /select/logsql/query request
-func ProcessQueryRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, stopCh <-chan struct{}, cancel func()) {
-	// Extract tenantID
-	tenantID, err := logstorage.GetTenantIDFromRequest(r)
+// ProcessHitsRequest handles /select/logsql/hits request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-hits-stats
+func ProcessHitsRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 		return
 	}
+
+	// Obtain step
+	stepStr := r.FormValue("step")
+	if stepStr == "" {
+		stepStr = "1d"
+	}
+	step, err := promutils.ParseDuration(stepStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse 'step' arg: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if step <= 0 {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "'step' must be bigger than zero")
+	}
+
+	// Obtain offset
+	offsetStr := r.FormValue("offset")
+	if offsetStr == "" {
+		offsetStr = "0s"
+	}
+	offset, err := promutils.ParseDuration(offsetStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse 'offset' arg: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Obtain field entries
+	fields := r.Form["field"]
+
+	// Obtain limit on the number of top fields entries.
+	fieldsLimit, err := httputils.GetInt(r, "fields_limit")
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if fieldsLimit < 0 {
+		fieldsLimit = 0
+	}
+
+	// Prepare the query
+	q.AddCountByTimePipe(int64(step), int64(offset), fields)
+	q.Optimize()
+
+	var mLock sync.Mutex
+	m := make(map[string]*hitsSeries)
+	writeBlock := func(_ uint, timestamps []int64, columns []logstorage.BlockColumn) {
+		if len(columns) == 0 || len(columns[0].Values) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+
+		timestampValues := columns[0].Values
+		hitsValues := columns[len(columns)-1].Values
+		columns = columns[1 : len(columns)-1]
+
+		bb := blockResultPool.Get()
+		for i := range timestamps {
+			timestampStr := strings.Clone(timestampValues[i])
+			hitsStr := strings.Clone(hitsValues[i])
+			hits, err := strconv.ParseUint(hitsStr, 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Panicf("BUG: cannot parse hitsStr=%q: %s", hitsStr, err)
+			}
+
+			bb.Reset()
+			WriteFieldsForHits(bb, columns, i)
+
+			mLock.Lock()
+			hs, ok := m[string(bb.B)]
+			if !ok {
+				k := string(bb.B)
+				hs = &hitsSeries{}
+				m[k] = hs
+			}
+			hs.timestamps = append(hs.timestamps, timestampStr)
+			hs.hits = append(hs.hits, hits)
+			hs.hitsTotal += hits
+			mLock.Unlock()
+		}
+		blockResultPool.Put(bb)
+	}
+
+	// Execute the query
+	if err := vlstorage.RunQuery(ctx, tenantIDs, q, writeBlock); err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot execute query [%s]: %s", q, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	m = getTopHitsSeries(m, fieldsLimit)
+
+	// Write response
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteHitsSeries(w, m)
+}
+
+func getTopHitsSeries(m map[string]*hitsSeries, fieldsLimit int) map[string]*hitsSeries {
+	if fieldsLimit <= 0 || fieldsLimit >= len(m) {
+		return m
+	}
+
+	type fieldsHits struct {
+		fieldsStr string
+		hs        *hitsSeries
+	}
+	a := make([]fieldsHits, 0, len(m))
+	for fieldsStr, hs := range m {
+		a = append(a, fieldsHits{
+			fieldsStr: fieldsStr,
+			hs:        hs,
+		})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(a, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return a[i].hs.hitsTotal > a[j].hs.hitsTotal
+	})
+
+	hitsOther := make(map[string]uint64)
+	for _, x := range a[fieldsLimit:] {
+		for i, timestampStr := range x.hs.timestamps {
+			hitsOther[timestampStr] += x.hs.hits[i]
+		}
+	}
+	var hsOther hitsSeries
+	for timestampStr, hits := range hitsOther {
+		hsOther.timestamps = append(hsOther.timestamps, timestampStr)
+		hsOther.hits = append(hsOther.hits, hits)
+		hsOther.hitsTotal += hits
+	}
+
+	mNew := make(map[string]*hitsSeries, fieldsLimit+1)
+	for _, x := range a[:fieldsLimit] {
+		mNew[x.fieldsStr] = x.hs
+	}
+	mNew["{}"] = &hsOther
+
+	return mNew
+}
+
+type hitsSeries struct {
+	hitsTotal  uint64
+	timestamps []string
+	hits       []uint64
+}
+
+func (hs *hitsSeries) sort() {
+	sort.Sort(hs)
+}
+
+func (hs *hitsSeries) Len() int {
+	return len(hs.timestamps)
+}
+
+func (hs *hitsSeries) Swap(i, j int) {
+	hs.timestamps[i], hs.timestamps[j] = hs.timestamps[j], hs.timestamps[i]
+	hs.hits[i], hs.hits[j] = hs.hits[j], hs.hits[i]
+}
+
+func (hs *hitsSeries) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return hs.timestamps[i] < hs.timestamps[j]
+}
+
+// ProcessFieldNamesRequest handles /select/logsql/field_names request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-field-names
+func ProcessFieldNamesRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Obtain field names for the given query
+	q.Optimize()
+	fieldNames, err := vlstorage.GetFieldNames(ctx, tenantIDs, q)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot obtain field names: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Write results
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(w, fieldNames)
+}
+
+// ProcessFieldValuesRequest handles /select/logsql/field_values request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-field-values
+func ProcessFieldValuesRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse fieldName query arg
+	fieldName := r.FormValue("field")
+	if fieldName == "" {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "missing 'field' query arg")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse limit query arg
+	limit, err := httputils.GetInt(r, "limit")
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+
+	// Obtain unique values for the given field
+	q.Optimize()
+	values, err := vlstorage.GetFieldValues(ctx, tenantIDs, q, fieldName, uint64(limit))
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot obtain values for field %q: %s", fieldName, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Write results
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(w, values)
+}
+
+// ProcessStreamFieldNamesRequest processes /select/logsql/stream_field_names request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-stream-field-names
+func ProcessStreamFieldNamesRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Obtain stream field names for the given query
+	q.Optimize()
+	names, err := vlstorage.GetStreamFieldNames(ctx, tenantIDs, q)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot obtain stream field names: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write results
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(w, names)
+}
+
+// ProcessStreamFieldValuesRequest processes /select/logsql/stream_field_values request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-stream-field-values
+func ProcessStreamFieldValuesRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse fieldName query arg
+	fieldName := r.FormValue("field")
+	if fieldName == "" {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "missing 'field' query arg")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse limit query arg
+	limit, err := httputils.GetInt(r, "limit")
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+
+	// Obtain stream field values for the given query and the given fieldName
+	q.Optimize()
+	values, err := vlstorage.GetStreamFieldValues(ctx, tenantIDs, q, fieldName, uint64(limit))
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot obtain stream field values: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write results
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(w, values)
+}
+
+// ProcessStreamIDsRequest processes /select/logsql/stream_ids request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-stream_ids
+func ProcessStreamIDsRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse limit query arg
+	limit, err := httputils.GetInt(r, "limit")
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+
+	// Obtain streamIDs for the given query
+	q.Optimize()
+	streamIDs, err := vlstorage.GetStreamIDs(ctx, tenantIDs, q, uint64(limit))
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot obtain stream_ids: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write results
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(w, streamIDs)
+}
+
+// ProcessStreamsRequest processes /select/logsql/streams request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-streams
+func ProcessStreamsRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse limit query arg
+	limit, err := httputils.GetInt(r, "limit")
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+
+	// Obtain streams for the given query
+	q.Optimize()
+	streams, err := vlstorage.GetStreams(ctx, tenantIDs, q, uint64(limit))
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot obtain streams: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write results
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(w, streams)
+}
+
+// ProcessLiveTailRequest processes live tailing request to /select/logsq/tail
+func ProcessLiveTailRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	liveTailRequests.Inc()
+	defer liveTailRequests.Dec()
+
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !q.CanLiveTail() {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "the query [%s] cannot be used in live tailing; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#live-tailing for details", q)
+	}
+	q.Optimize()
+
+	refreshIntervalMsecs, err := httputils.GetDuration(r, "refresh_interval", 1000)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	refreshInterval := time.Millisecond * time.Duration(refreshIntervalMsecs)
+
+	ctxWithCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	tp := newTailProcessor(cancel)
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(refreshInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	end := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	doneCh := ctxWithCancel.Done()
+	flusher, ok := w.(http.Flusher)
+	if !ok {
+		logger.Panicf("BUG: it is expected that http.ResponseWriter (%T) supports http.Flusher interface", w)
+	}
+	for {
+		start := end - tailOffsetNsecs
+		end = time.Now().UnixNano()
+
+		qCopy := q.Clone()
+		qCopy.AddTimeFilter(start, end)
+		if err := vlstorage.RunQuery(ctxWithCancel, tenantIDs, qCopy, tp.writeBlock); err != nil {
+			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot execute tail query [%s]: %s", q, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resultRows, err := tp.getTailRows()
+		if err != nil {
+			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot get tail results for query [%q]: %s", q, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if len(resultRows) > 0 {
+			WriteJSONRows(w, resultRows)
+			flusher.Flush()
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-doneCh:
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var liveTailRequests = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_live_tailing_requests`)
+
+const tailOffsetNsecs = 5e9
+
+type logRow struct {
+	timestamp int64
+	fields    []logstorage.Field
+}
+
+func sortLogRows(rows []logRow) {
+	sort.SliceStable(rows, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return rows[i].timestamp < rows[j].timestamp
+	})
+}
+
+type tailProcessor struct {
+	cancel func()
+
+	mu sync.Mutex
+
+	perStreamRows  map[string][]logRow
+	lastTimestamps map[string]int64
+
+	err error
+}
+
+func newTailProcessor(cancel func()) *tailProcessor {
+	return &tailProcessor{
+		cancel: cancel,
+
+		perStreamRows:  make(map[string][]logRow),
+		lastTimestamps: make(map[string]int64),
+	}
+}
+
+func (tp *tailProcessor) writeBlock(_ uint, timestamps []int64, columns []logstorage.BlockColumn) {
+	if len(timestamps) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	tp.mu.Lock()
+	defer tp.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if tp.err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Make sure columns contain _time field, since it is needed for proper tail work.
+	hasTime := false
+	for _, c := range columns {
+		if c.Name == "_time" {
+			hasTime = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasTime {
+		tp.err = fmt.Errorf("missing _time field")
+		tp.cancel()
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Copy block rows to tp.perStreamRows
+	for i, timestamp := range timestamps {
+		streamID := ""
+		fields := make([]logstorage.Field, len(columns))
+		for j, c := range columns {
+			name := strings.Clone(c.Name)
+			value := strings.Clone(c.Values[i])
+
+			fields[j] = logstorage.Field{
+				Name:  name,
+				Value: value,
+			}
+
+			if name == "_stream_id" {
+				streamID = value
+			}
+		}
+
+		tp.perStreamRows[streamID] = append(tp.perStreamRows[streamID], logRow{
+			timestamp: timestamp,
+			fields:    fields,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func (tp *tailProcessor) getTailRows() ([][]logstorage.Field, error) {
+	if tp.err != nil {
+		return nil, tp.err
+	}
+
+	var resultRows []logRow
+	for streamID, rows := range tp.perStreamRows {
+		sortLogRows(rows)
+
+		lastTimestamp, ok := tp.lastTimestamps[streamID]
+		if ok {
+			// Skip already written rows
+			for len(rows) > 0 && rows[0].timestamp <= lastTimestamp {
+				rows = rows[1:]
+			}
+		}
+		if len(rows) > 0 {
+			resultRows = append(resultRows, rows...)
+			tp.lastTimestamps[streamID] = rows[len(rows)-1].timestamp
+		}
+	}
+	clear(tp.perStreamRows)
+
+	sortLogRows(resultRows)
+
+	tailRows := make([][]logstorage.Field, len(resultRows))
+	for i, row := range resultRows {
+		tailRows[i] = row.fields
+	}
+
+	return tailRows, nil
+}
+
+// ProcessQueryRequest handles /select/logsql/query request.
+//
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#http-api
+func ProcessQueryRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, tenantIDs, err := parseCommonArgs(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parse limit query arg
 	limit, err := httputils.GetInt(r, "limit")
 	if err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	qStr := r.FormValue("query")
-	q, err := logstorage.ParseQuery(qStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot parse query [%s]: %s", qStr, err)
-		return
-	}
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/stream+json; charset=utf-8")
+	bw := getBufferedWriter(w)
+	defer func() {
+		bw.FlushIgnoreErrors()
+		putBufferedWriter(bw)
+	}()
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/stream+json")
 
-	sw := getSortWriter()
-	sw.Init(w, maxSortBufferSize.IntN(), limit)
-	tenantIDs := []logstorage.TenantID{tenantID}
-	vlstorage.RunQuery(tenantIDs, q, stopCh, func(columns []logstorage.BlockColumn) {
-		if len(columns) == 0 {
+	if limit > 0 {
+		if q.CanReturnLastNResults() {
+			rows, err := getLastNQueryResults(ctx, tenantIDs, q, limit)
+			if err != nil {
+				httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+				return
+			}
+			bb := blockResultPool.Get()
+			b := bb.B
+			for i := range rows {
+				b = logstorage.MarshalFieldsToJSON(b[:0], rows[i].fields)
+				b = append(b, '\n')
+				bw.WriteIgnoreErrors(b)
+			}
+			bb.B = b
+			blockResultPool.Put(bb)
+			return
+		}
+
+		q.AddPipeLimit(uint64(limit))
+	}
+	q.Optimize()
+
+	writeBlock := func(_ uint, timestamps []int64, columns []logstorage.BlockColumn) {
+		if len(columns) == 0 || len(columns[0].Values) == 0 {
 			return
 		}
-		rowsCount := len(columns[0].Values)
 
 		bb := blockResultPool.Get()
-		for rowIdx := 0; rowIdx < rowsCount; rowIdx++ {
-			WriteJSONRow(bb, columns, rowIdx)
+		for i := range timestamps {
+			WriteJSONRow(bb, columns, i)
 		}
-
-		if !sw.TryWrite(bb.B) {
-			cancel()
-		}
-
+		bw.WriteIgnoreErrors(bb.B)
 		blockResultPool.Put(bb)
-	})
-	sw.FinalFlush()
-	putSortWriter(sw)
+	}
+
+	if err := vlstorage.RunQuery(ctx, tenantIDs, q, writeBlock); err != nil {
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "cannot execute query [%s]: %s", q, err)
+		return
+	}
 }
 
 var blockResultPool bytesutil.ByteBufferPool
+
+type row struct {
+	timestamp int64
+	fields    []logstorage.Field
+}
+
+func getLastNQueryResults(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, limit int) ([]row, error) {
+	limitUpper := 2 * limit
+	q.AddPipeLimit(uint64(limitUpper))
+	q.Optimize()
+	rows, err := getQueryResultsWithLimit(ctx, tenantIDs, q, limitUpper)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(rows) < limitUpper {
+		// Fast path - the requested time range contains up to limitUpper rows.
+		rows = getLastNRows(rows, limit)
+		return rows, nil
+	}
+
+	// Slow path - search for the time range containing up to limitUpper rows.
+	start, end := q.GetFilterTimeRange()
+	d := end/2 - start/2
+	start += d
+
+	qOrig := q
+	for {
+		q = qOrig.Clone()
+		q.AddTimeFilter(start, end)
+		rows, err := getQueryResultsWithLimit(ctx, tenantIDs, q, limitUpper)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if len(rows) >= limit && len(rows) < limitUpper || d == 0 {
+			rows = getLastNRows(rows, limit)
+			return rows, nil
+		}
+
+		lastBit := d & 1
+		d /= 2
+		if len(rows) > limit {
+			start += d
+		} else {
+			start -= d + lastBit
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getLastNRows(rows []row, limit int) []row {
+	sort.Slice(rows, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return rows[i].timestamp < rows[j].timestamp
+	})
+	if len(rows) > limit {
+		rows = rows[len(rows)-limit:]
+	}
+	return rows
+}
+
+func getQueryResultsWithLimit(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, limit int) ([]row, error) {
+	ctxWithCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var rows []row
+	var rowsLock sync.Mutex
+	writeBlock := func(_ uint, timestamps []int64, columns []logstorage.BlockColumn) {
+		rowsLock.Lock()
+		defer rowsLock.Unlock()
+
+		for i, timestamp := range timestamps {
+			fields := make([]logstorage.Field, len(columns))
+			for j := range columns {
+				f := &fields[j]
+				f.Name = strings.Clone(columns[j].Name)
+				f.Value = strings.Clone(columns[j].Values[i])
+			}
+			rows = append(rows, row{
+				timestamp: timestamp,
+				fields:    fields,
+			})
+		}
+
+		if len(rows) >= limit {
+			cancel()
+		}
+	}
+	if err := vlstorage.RunQuery(ctxWithCancel, tenantIDs, q, writeBlock); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return rows, nil
+}
+
+func parseCommonArgs(r *http.Request) (*logstorage.Query, []logstorage.TenantID, error) {
+	// Extract tenantID
+	tenantID, err := logstorage.GetTenantIDFromRequest(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot obtain tenanID: %w", err)
+	}
+	tenantIDs := []logstorage.TenantID{tenantID}
+
+	// Parse query
+	qStr := r.FormValue("query")
+	q, err := logstorage.ParseQuery(qStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse query [%s]: %s", qStr, err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse optional start and end args
+	start, okStart, err := getTimeNsec(r, "start")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	end, okEnd, err := getTimeNsec(r, "end")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if okStart || okEnd {
+		if !okStart {
+			start = math.MinInt64
+		}
+		if !okEnd {
+			end = math.MaxInt64
+		}
+		q.AddTimeFilter(start, end)
+	}
+
+	return q, tenantIDs, nil
+}
+
+func getTimeNsec(r *http.Request, argName string) (int64, bool, error) {
+	s := r.FormValue(argName)
+	if s == "" {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	currentTimestamp := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	nsecs, err := promutils.ParseTimeAt(s, currentTimestamp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s=%s: %w", argName, s, err)
+	}
+	return nsecs, true, nil
+}

app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{% import (
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+) %}
+
+{% stripspace %}
+
+// ValuesWithHitsJSON generates JSON from the given values.
+{% func ValuesWithHitsJSON(values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) %}
+{
+	"values":{%= valuesWithHitsJSONArray(values) %}
+}
+{% endfunc %}
+
+{% func valuesWithHitsJSONArray(values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) %}
+[
+	{% if len(values) > 0 %}
+		{%= valueWithHitsJSON(values[0]) %}
+		{% for _, v := range values[1:] %}
+			,{%= valueWithHitsJSON(v) %}
+		{% endfor %}
+	{% endif %}
+]
+{% endfunc %}
+
+{% func valueWithHitsJSON(v logstorage.ValueWithHits) %}
+{
+	"value":{%q= v.Value %},
+	"hits":{%dul= v.Hits %}
+}
+{% endfunc %}
+
+{% endstripspace %}

app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Code generated by qtc from "logsql.qtpl". DO NOT EDIT.
+// See https://github.com/valyala/quicktemplate for details.
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:1
+package logsql
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:1
+import (
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
+)
+
+// ValuesWithHitsJSON generates JSON from the given values.
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:8
+import (
+	qtio422016 "io"
+
+	qt422016 "github.com/valyala/quicktemplate"
+)
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:8
+var (
+	_ = qtio422016.Copy
+	_ = qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer
+)
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:8
+func StreamValuesWithHitsJSON(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:8
+	qw422016.N().S(`{"values":`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:10
+	streamvaluesWithHitsJSONArray(qw422016, values)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:10
+	qw422016.N().S(`}`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+func WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	StreamValuesWithHitsJSON(qw422016, values)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+func ValuesWithHitsJSON(values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) string {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	WriteValuesWithHitsJSON(qb422016, values)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+	return qs422016
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:12
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:14
+func streamvaluesWithHitsJSONArray(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:14
+	qw422016.N().S(`[`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:16
+	if len(values) > 0 {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:17
+		streamvalueWithHitsJSON(qw422016, values[0])
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:18
+		for _, v := range values[1:] {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:18
+			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:19
+			streamvalueWithHitsJSON(qw422016, v)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:20
+		}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:21
+	}
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:21
+	qw422016.N().S(`]`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+func writevaluesWithHitsJSONArray(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	streamvaluesWithHitsJSONArray(qw422016, values)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+func valuesWithHitsJSONArray(values []logstorage.ValueWithHits) string {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	writevaluesWithHitsJSONArray(qb422016, values)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+	return qs422016
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:23
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:25
+func streamvalueWithHitsJSON(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, v logstorage.ValueWithHits) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:25
+	qw422016.N().S(`{"value":`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:27
+	qw422016.N().Q(v.Value)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:27
+	qw422016.N().S(`,"hits":`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:28
+	qw422016.N().DUL(v.Hits)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:28
+	qw422016.N().S(`}`)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+func writevalueWithHitsJSON(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, v logstorage.ValueWithHits) {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	streamvalueWithHitsJSON(qw422016, v)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+}
+
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+func valueWithHitsJSON(v logstorage.ValueWithHits) string {
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	writevalueWithHitsJSON(qb422016, v)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+	return qs422016
+//line app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.qtpl:30
+}

app/vlselect/logsql/sort_writer.go

@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-package logsql
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io"
-	"sort"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logjson"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
-)
-
-func getSortWriter() *sortWriter {
-	v := sortWriterPool.Get()
-	if v == nil {
-		return &sortWriter{}
-	}
-	return v.(*sortWriter)
-}
-
-func putSortWriter(sw *sortWriter) {
-	sw.reset()
-	sortWriterPool.Put(sw)
-}
-
-var sortWriterPool sync.Pool
-
-// sortWriter expects JSON line stream to be written to it.
-//
-// It buffers the incoming data until its size reaches maxBufLen.
-// Then it streams the buffered data and all the incoming data to w.
-//
-// The FinalFlush() must be called when all the data is written.
-// If the buf isn't empty at FinalFlush() call, then the buffered data
-// is sorted by _time field.
-type sortWriter struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
-	w  io.Writer
-
-	maxLines     int
-	linesWritten int
-
-	maxBufLen  int
-	buf        []byte
-	bufFlushed bool
-
-	hasErr bool
-}
-
-func (sw *sortWriter) reset() {
-	sw.w = nil
-
-	sw.maxLines = 0
-	sw.linesWritten = 0
-
-	sw.maxBufLen = 0
-	sw.buf = sw.buf[:0]
-	sw.bufFlushed = false
-	sw.hasErr = false
-}
-
-// Init initializes sw.
-//
-// If maxLines is set to positive value, then sw accepts up to maxLines
-// and then rejects all the other lines by returning false from TryWrite.
-func (sw *sortWriter) Init(w io.Writer, maxBufLen, maxLines int) {
-	sw.reset()
-
-	sw.w = w
-	sw.maxBufLen = maxBufLen
-	sw.maxLines = maxLines
-}
-
-// TryWrite writes p to sw.
-//
-// True is returned on successful write, false otherwise.
-//
-// Unsuccessful write may occur on underlying write error or when maxLines lines are already written to sw.
-func (sw *sortWriter) TryWrite(p []byte) bool {
-	sw.mu.Lock()
-	defer sw.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if sw.hasErr {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if sw.bufFlushed {
-		if !sw.writeToUnderlyingWriterLocked(p) {
-			sw.hasErr = true
-			return false
-		}
-		return true
-	}
-
-	if len(sw.buf)+len(p) < sw.maxBufLen {
-		sw.buf = append(sw.buf, p...)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	sw.bufFlushed = true
-	if !sw.writeToUnderlyingWriterLocked(sw.buf) {
-		sw.hasErr = true
-		return false
-	}
-	sw.buf = sw.buf[:0]
-
-	if !sw.writeToUnderlyingWriterLocked(p) {
-		sw.hasErr = true
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (sw *sortWriter) writeToUnderlyingWriterLocked(p []byte) bool {
-	if len(p) == 0 {
-		return true
-	}
-	if sw.maxLines > 0 {
-		if sw.linesWritten >= sw.maxLines {
-			return false
-		}
-		var linesLeft int
-		p, linesLeft = trimLines(p, sw.maxLines-sw.linesWritten)
-		sw.linesWritten += linesLeft
-	}
-	if _, err := sw.w.Write(p); err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func trimLines(p []byte, maxLines int) ([]byte, int) {
-	if maxLines <= 0 {
-		return nil, 0
-	}
-	n := bytes.Count(p, newline)
-	if n < maxLines {
-		return p, n
-	}
-	for n >= maxLines {
-		idx := bytes.LastIndexByte(p, '\n')
-		p = p[:idx]
-		n--
-	}
-	return p[:len(p)+1], maxLines
-}
-
-var newline = []byte("\n")
-
-func (sw *sortWriter) FinalFlush() {
-	if sw.hasErr || sw.bufFlushed {
-		return
-	}
-
-	rs := getRowsSorter()
-	rs.parseRows(sw.buf)
-	rs.sort()
-
-	rows := rs.rows
-	if sw.maxLines > 0 && len(rows) > sw.maxLines {
-		rows = rows[:sw.maxLines]
-	}
-	WriteJSONRows(sw.w, rows)
-
-	putRowsSorter(rs)
-}
-
-func getRowsSorter() *rowsSorter {
-	v := rowsSorterPool.Get()
-	if v == nil {
-		return &rowsSorter{}
-	}
-	return v.(*rowsSorter)
-}
-
-func putRowsSorter(rs *rowsSorter) {
-	rs.reset()
-	rowsSorterPool.Put(rs)
-}
-
-var rowsSorterPool sync.Pool
-
-type rowsSorter struct {
-	buf       []byte
-	fieldsBuf []logstorage.Field
-	rows      [][]logstorage.Field
-	times     []string
-}
-
-func (rs *rowsSorter) reset() {
-	rs.buf = rs.buf[:0]
-
-	fieldsBuf := rs.fieldsBuf
-	for i := range fieldsBuf {
-		fieldsBuf[i].Reset()
-	}
-	rs.fieldsBuf = fieldsBuf[:0]
-
-	rows := rs.rows
-	for i := range rows {
-		rows[i] = nil
-	}
-	rs.rows = rows[:0]
-
-	times := rs.times
-	for i := range times {
-		times[i] = ""
-	}
-	rs.times = times[:0]
-}
-
-func (rs *rowsSorter) parseRows(src []byte) {
-	rs.reset()
-
-	buf := rs.buf
-	fieldsBuf := rs.fieldsBuf
-	rows := rs.rows
-	times := rs.times
-
-	p := logjson.GetParser()
-	for len(src) > 0 {
-		var line []byte
-		n := bytes.IndexByte(src, '\n')
-		if n < 0 {
-			line = src
-			src = nil
-		} else {
-			line = src[:n]
-			src = src[n+1:]
-		}
-		if len(line) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if err := p.ParseLogMessage(line); err != nil {
-			logger.Panicf("BUG: unexpected invalid JSON line: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		timeValue := ""
-		fieldsBufLen := len(fieldsBuf)
-		for _, f := range p.Fields {
-			bufLen := len(buf)
-			buf = append(buf, f.Name...)
-			name := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(buf[bufLen:])
-
-			bufLen = len(buf)
-			buf = append(buf, f.Value...)
-			value := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(buf[bufLen:])
-
-			fieldsBuf = append(fieldsBuf, logstorage.Field{
-				Name:  name,
-				Value: value,
-			})
-
-			if name == "_time" {
-				timeValue = value
-			}
-		}
-		rows = append(rows, fieldsBuf[fieldsBufLen:])
-		times = append(times, timeValue)
-	}
-	logjson.PutParser(p)
-
-	rs.buf = buf
-	rs.fieldsBuf = fieldsBuf
-	rs.rows = rows
-	rs.times = times
-}
-
-func (rs *rowsSorter) Len() int {
-	return len(rs.rows)
-}
-
-func (rs *rowsSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	times := rs.times
-	return times[i] < times[j]
-}
-
-func (rs *rowsSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
-	times := rs.times
-	rows := rs.rows
-	times[i], times[j] = times[j], times[i]
-	rows[i], rows[j] = rows[j], rows[i]
-}
-
-func (rs *rowsSorter) sort() {
-	sort.Sort(rs)
-}

app/vlselect/logsql/sort_writer_test.go

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package logsql
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestSortWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(maxBufLen, maxLines int, data string, expectedResult string) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		var bb bytes.Buffer
-		sw := getSortWriter()
-		sw.Init(&bb, maxBufLen, maxLines)
-		for _, s := range strings.Split(data, "\n") {
-			if !sw.TryWrite([]byte(s + "\n")) {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		sw.FinalFlush()
-		putSortWriter(sw)
-
-		result := bb.String()
-		if result != expectedResult {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, expectedResult)
-		}
-	}
-
-	f(100, 0, "", "")
-	f(100, 0, "{}", "{}\n")
-
-	data := `{"_time":"def","_msg":"xxx"}
-{"_time":"abc","_msg":"foo"}`
-	resultExpected := `{"_time":"abc","_msg":"foo"}
-{"_time":"def","_msg":"xxx"}
-`
-	f(100, 0, data, resultExpected)
-	f(10, 0, data, data+"\n")
-
-	// Test with the maxLines
-	f(100, 1, data, `{"_time":"abc","_msg":"foo"}`+"\n")
-	f(10, 1, data, `{"_time":"def","_msg":"xxx"}`+"\n")
-	f(10, 2, data, data+"\n")
-	f(100, 2, data, resultExpected)
-}

app/vlselect/main.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httputils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timerpool"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 )
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ var (
 		"See also -search.maxQueueDuration")
 	maxQueueDuration = flag.Duration("search.maxQueueDuration", 10*time.Second, "The maximum time the search request waits for execution when -search.maxConcurrentRequests "+
 		"limit is reached; see also -search.maxQueryDuration")
-	maxQueryDuration = flag.Duration("search.maxQueryDuration", time.Second*30, "The maximum duration for query execution")
+	maxQueryDuration = flag.Duration("search.maxQueryDuration", time.Second*30, "The maximum duration for query execution. It can be overridden on a per-query basis via 'timeout' query arg")
 )
 
 func getDefaultMaxConcurrentRequests() int {
@@ -76,10 +75,9 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		// Skip requests, which do not start with /select/, since these aren't our requests.
 		return false
 	}
-	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/select")
 	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, "//", "/")
 
-	if path == "/vmui" {
+	if path == "/select/vmui" {
 		// VMUI access via incomplete url without `/` in the end. Redirect to complete url.
 		// Use relative redirect, since the hostname and path prefix may be incorrect if VictoriaMetrics
 		// is hidden behind vmauth or similar proxy.
@@ -88,68 +86,128 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		httpserver.Redirect(w, newURL)
 		return true
 	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/vmui/") {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/vmui/static/") {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/select/vmui/") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/select/vmui/static/") {
 			// Allow clients caching static contents for long period of time, since it shouldn't change over time.
 			// Path to static contents (such as js and css) must be changed whenever its contents is changed.
 			// See https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-long-cache-ttl/
 			w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "max-age=31536000")
 		}
-		r.URL.Path = path
+		r.URL.Path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/select")
 		vmuiFileServer.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// Limit the number of concurrent queries, which can consume big amounts of CPU.
+	// Limit the number of concurrent queries, which can consume big amounts of CPU time.
 	startTime := time.Now()
 	ctx := r.Context()
-	stopCh := ctx.Done()
+	d := getMaxQueryDuration(r)
+	ctxWithTimeout, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, d)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stopCh := ctxWithTimeout.Done()
 	select {
 	case concurrencyLimitCh <- struct{}{}:
 		defer func() { <-concurrencyLimitCh }()
 	default:
 		// Sleep for a while until giving up. This should resolve short bursts in requests.
 		concurrencyLimitReached.Inc()
-		d := getMaxQueryDuration(r)
-		if d > *maxQueueDuration {
-			d = *maxQueueDuration
-		}
-		t := timerpool.Get(d)
 		select {
 		case concurrencyLimitCh <- struct{}{}:
-			timerpool.Put(t)
 			defer func() { <-concurrencyLimitCh }()
 		case <-stopCh:
-			timerpool.Put(t)
-			remoteAddr := httpserver.GetQuotedRemoteAddr(r)
-			requestURI := httpserver.GetRequestURI(r)
-			logger.Infof("client has cancelled the request after %.3f seconds: remoteAddr=%s, requestURI: %q",
-				time.Since(startTime).Seconds(), remoteAddr, requestURI)
-			return true
-		case <-t.C:
-			timerpool.Put(t)
-			concurrencyLimitTimeout.Inc()
-			err := &httpserver.ErrorWithStatusCode{
-				Err: fmt.Errorf("couldn't start executing the request in %.3f seconds, since -search.maxConcurrentRequests=%d concurrent requests "+
-					"are executed. Possible solutions: to reduce query load; to add more compute resources to the server; "+
-					"to increase -search.maxQueueDuration=%s; to increase -search.maxQueryDuration; to increase -search.maxConcurrentRequests",
-					d.Seconds(), *maxConcurrentRequests, maxQueueDuration),
-				StatusCode: http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
+			switch ctxWithTimeout.Err() {
+			case context.Canceled:
+				remoteAddr := httpserver.GetQuotedRemoteAddr(r)
+				requestURI := httpserver.GetRequestURI(r)
+				logger.Infof("client has canceled the pending request after %.3f seconds: remoteAddr=%s, requestURI: %q",
+					time.Since(startTime).Seconds(), remoteAddr, requestURI)
+			case context.DeadlineExceeded:
+				concurrencyLimitTimeout.Inc()
+				err := &httpserver.ErrorWithStatusCode{
+					Err: fmt.Errorf("couldn't start executing the request in %.3f seconds, since -search.maxConcurrentRequests=%d concurrent requests "+
+						"are executed. Possible solutions: to reduce query load; to add more compute resources to the server; "+
+						"to increase -search.maxQueueDuration=%s; to increase -search.maxQueryDuration=%s; to increase -search.maxConcurrentRequests; "+
+						"to pass bigger value to 'timeout' query arg",
+						d.Seconds(), *maxConcurrentRequests, maxQueueDuration, maxQueryDuration),
+					StatusCode: http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
+				}
+				httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 			}
-			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 
-	ctxWithCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer cancel()
-	stopCh = ctxWithCancel.Done()
+	if path == "/select/logsql/tail" {
+		logsqlTailRequests.Inc()
+		// Process live tailing request without timeout (e.g. use ctx instead of ctxWithTimeout),
+		// since it is OK to run live tailing requests for very long time.
+		logsql.ProcessLiveTailRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	}
 
-	switch {
-	case path == "/logsql/query":
+	ok := processSelectRequest(ctxWithTimeout, w, r, path)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	err := ctxWithTimeout.Err()
+	switch err {
+	case nil:
+		// nothing to do
+	case context.Canceled:
+		remoteAddr := httpserver.GetQuotedRemoteAddr(r)
+		requestURI := httpserver.GetRequestURI(r)
+		logger.Infof("client has canceled the request after %.3f seconds: remoteAddr=%s, requestURI: %q",
+			time.Since(startTime).Seconds(), remoteAddr, requestURI)
+	case context.DeadlineExceeded:
+		err = &httpserver.ErrorWithStatusCode{
+			Err: fmt.Errorf("the request couldn't be executed in %.3f seconds; possible solutions: "+
+				"to increase -search.maxQueryDuration=%s; to pass bigger value to 'timeout' query arg", d.Seconds(), maxQueryDuration),
+			StatusCode: http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
+		}
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
+	default:
+		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "unexpected error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func processSelectRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, path string) bool {
+	httpserver.EnableCORS(w, r)
+	switch path {
+	case "/select/logsql/field_names":
+		logsqlFieldNamesRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessFieldNamesRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/field_values":
+		logsqlFieldValuesRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessFieldValuesRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/hits":
+		logsqlHitsRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessHitsRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/query":
 		logsqlQueryRequests.Inc()
-		httpserver.EnableCORS(w, r)
-		logsql.ProcessQueryRequest(w, r, stopCh, cancel)
+		logsql.ProcessQueryRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/stream_field_names":
+		logsqlStreamFieldNamesRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessStreamFieldNamesRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/stream_field_values":
+		logsqlStreamFieldValuesRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessStreamFieldValuesRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/stream_ids":
+		logsqlStreamIDsRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessStreamIDsRequest(ctx, w, r)
+		return true
+	case "/select/logsql/streams":
+		logsqlStreamsRequests.Inc()
+		logsql.ProcessStreamsRequest(ctx, w, r)
 		return true
 	default:
 		return false
@@ -170,5 +228,13 @@ func getMaxQueryDuration(r *http.Request) time.Duration {
 }
 
 var (
-	logsqlQueryRequests = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/query"}`)
+	logsqlFieldNamesRequests        = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/field_names"}`)
+	logsqlFieldValuesRequests       = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/field_values"}`)
+	logsqlHitsRequests              = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/hits"}`)
+	logsqlQueryRequests             = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/query"}`)
+	logsqlStreamFieldNamesRequests  = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/stream_field_names"}`)
+	logsqlStreamFieldValuesRequests = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/stream_field_values"}`)
+	logsqlStreamIDsRequests         = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/stream_ids"}`)
+	logsqlStreamsRequests           = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/streams"}`)
+	logsqlTailRequests              = metrics.NewCounter(`vl_http_requests_total{path="/select/logsql/tail"}`)
 )

app/vlselect/vmui/asset-manifest.json

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 {
   "files": {
-    "main.css": "./static/css/main.bc07cc78.css",
-    "main.js": "./static/js/main.034044a7.js",
+    "main.css": "./static/css/main.1041c3d4.css",
+    "main.js": "./static/js/main.8988988c.js",
     "static/js/685.bebe1265.chunk.js": "./static/js/685.bebe1265.chunk.js",
-    "static/media/MetricsQL.md": "./static/media/MetricsQL.10add6e7bdf0f1d98cf7.md",
+    "static/media/MetricsQL.md": "./static/media/MetricsQL.aaabf95f2c9bf356bde4.md",
     "index.html": "./index.html"
   },
   "entrypoints": [
-    "static/css/main.bc07cc78.css",
-    "static/js/main.034044a7.js"
+    "static/css/main.1041c3d4.css",
+    "static/js/main.8988988c.js"
   ]
 }

app/vlselect/vmui/index.html

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="icon" href="./favicon.ico"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=5"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="./apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="./favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"/><title>VM UI</title><script src="./dashboards/index.js" type="module"></script><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta name="twitter:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@VictoriaMetrics"><meta property="og:title" content="Metric explorer for VictoriaMetrics"><meta property="og:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><meta property="og:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><script defer="defer" src="./static/js/main.034044a7.js"></script><link href="./static/css/main.bc07cc78.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript><div id="root"></div></body></html>
+<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="icon" href="./favicon.ico"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=5"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="./apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="./favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"/><title>VM UI</title><script src="./dashboards/index.js" type="module"></script><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta name="twitter:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@VictoriaMetrics"><meta property="og:title" content="Metric explorer for VictoriaMetrics"><meta property="og:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><meta property="og:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><script defer="defer" src="./static/js/main.8988988c.js"></script><link href="./static/css/main.1041c3d4.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript><div id="root"></div></body></html>

app/vlselect/vmui/static/js/main.8988988c.js.LICENSE.txt

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 */
 
 /**
- * @remix-run/router v1.15.1
+ * @remix-run/router v1.17.0
  *
  * Copyright (c) Remix Software Inc.
  *
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * React Router DOM v6.22.1
+ * React Router DOM v6.24.0
  *
  * Copyright (c) Remix Software Inc.
  *
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * React Router v6.22.1
+ * React Router v6.24.0
  *
  * Copyright (c) Remix Software Inc.
  *

app/vlselect/vmui/static/media/MetricsQL.aaabf95f2c9bf356bde4.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ However, there are some [intentional differences](https://medium.com/@romanhavro
 [Standalone MetricsQL package](https://godoc.org/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql) can be used for parsing MetricsQL in external apps.
 
 If you are unfamiliar with PromQL, then it is suggested reading [this tutorial for beginners](https://medium.com/@valyala/promql-tutorial-for-beginners-9ab455142085)
-and introduction into [basic querying via MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#metricsql).
+and introduction into [basic querying via MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#metricsql).
 
 The following functionality is implemented differently in MetricsQL compared to PromQL. This improves user experience:
 
@@ -70,15 +70,17 @@ The list of MetricsQL features on top of PromQL:
   VictoriaMetrics can be used as Graphite datasource in Grafana. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#graphite-api-usage) for details.
   See also [label_graphite_group](#label_graphite_group) function, which can be used for extracting the given groups from Graphite metric name.
 * Lookbehind window in square brackets for [rollup functions](#rollup-functions) may be omitted. VictoriaMetrics automatically selects the lookbehind window
-  depending on the `step` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query)
+  depending on the `step` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query)
   and the real interval between [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) (aka `scrape_interval`).
   For instance, the following query is valid in VictoriaMetrics: `rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total)`.
   It is roughly equivalent to `rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[$__interval])` when used in Grafana.
   The difference is documented in [rate() docs](#rate).
 * Numeric values can contain `_` delimiters for better readability. For example, `1_234_567_890` can be used in queries instead of `1234567890`.
-* [Series selectors](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) accept multiple `or` filters. For example, `{env="prod",job="a" or env="dev",job="b"}`
+* [Series selectors](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) accept multiple `or` filters. For example, `{env="prod",job="a" or env="dev",job="b"}`
   selects series with `{env="prod",job="a"}` or `{env="dev",job="b"}` labels.
-  See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering-by-multiple-or-filters) for details.
+  See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering-by-multiple-or-filters) for details.
+* Support for matching against multiple numeric constants via `q == (C1, ..., CN)` and `q != (C1, ..., CN)` syntax. For example, `status_code == (300, 301, 304)`
+  returns `status_code` metrics with one of `300`, `301` or `304` values.
 * Support for `group_left(*)` and `group_right(*)` for copying all the labels from time series on the `one` side
   of [many-to-one operations](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/operators/#many-to-one-and-one-to-many-vector-matches).
   The copied label names may clash with the existing label names, so MetricsQL provides an ability to add prefix to the copied metric names
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ The list of MetricsQL features on top of PromQL:
 * Trailing commas on all the lists are allowed - label filters, function args and with expressions.
   For instance, the following queries are valid: `m{foo="bar",}`, `f(a, b,)`, `WITH (x=y,) x`.
   This simplifies maintenance of multi-line queries.
-* Metric names and label names may contain any unicode letter. For example `температура{город="Київ"}` is a value MetricsQL expression.
+* Metric names and label names may contain any unicode letter. For example `температура{город="Київ"}` is a valid MetricsQL expression.
 * Metric names and labels names may contain escaped chars. For example, `foo\-bar{baz\=aa="b"}` is valid expression.
   It returns time series with name `foo-bar` containing label `baz=aa` with value `b`.
   Additionally, the following escape sequences are supported:
@@ -152,27 +154,27 @@ MetricsQL provides the following functions:
 
 ### Rollup functions
 
-**Rollup functions** (aka range functions or window functions) calculate rollups over **raw samples**
-on the given lookbehind window for the [selected time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
-For example, `avg_over_time(temperature[24h])` calculates the average temperature over raw samples for the last 24 hours.
+**Rollup functions** (aka range functions or window functions) calculate rollups over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window for the [selected time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+For example, `avg_over_time(temperature[24h])` calculates the average temperature over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) for the last 24 hours.
 
 Additional details:
 
 * If rollup functions are used for building graphs in Grafana, then the rollup is calculated independently per each point on the graph.
   For example, every point for `avg_over_time(temperature[24h])` graph shows the average temperature for the last 24 hours ending at this point.
-  The interval between points is set as `step` query arg passed by Grafana to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query).
-* If the given [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) returns multiple time series,
+  The interval between points is set as `step` query arg passed by Grafana to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query).
+* If the given [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) returns multiple time series,
   then rollups are calculated individually per each returned series.
 * If lookbehind window in square brackets is missing, then it is automatically set to the following value:
-  - To `step` value passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query) or [/api/v1/query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#instant-query)
+  - To `step` value passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query) or [/api/v1/query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#instant-query)
     for all the [rollup functions](#rollup-functions) except of [default_rollup](#default_rollup) and [rate](#rate). This value is known as `$__interval` in Grafana or `1i` in MetricsQL.
     For example, `avg_over_time(temperature)` is automatically transformed to `avg_over_time(temperature[1i])`.
   - To the `max(step, scrape_interval)`, where `scrape_interval` is the interval between [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
     for [default_rollup](#default_rollup) and [rate](#rate) functions. This allows avoiding unexpected gaps on the graph when `step` is smaller than `scrape_interval`.
-* Every [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) in MetricsQL must be wrapped into a rollup function.
+* Every [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) in MetricsQL must be wrapped into a rollup function.
   Otherwise, it is automatically wrapped into [default_rollup](#default_rollup). For example, `foo{bar="baz"}`
   is automatically converted to `default_rollup(foo{bar="baz"})` before performing the calculations.
-* If something other than [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) is passed to rollup function,
+* If something other than [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) is passed to rollup function,
   then the inner arg is automatically converted to a [subquery](#subqueries).
 * All the rollup functions accept optional `keep_metric_names` modifier. If it is set, then the function keeps metric names in results.
   See [these docs](#keep_metric_names).
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ The list of supported rollup functions:
 #### absent_over_time
 
 `absent_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns 1
-if the given lookbehind window `d` doesn't contain raw samples. Otherwise, it returns an empty result.
+if the given lookbehind window `d` doesn't contain [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples). Otherwise, it returns an empty result.
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -193,9 +195,9 @@ See also [present_over_time](#present_over_time).
 #### aggr_over_time
 
 `aggr_over_time(("rollup_func1", "rollup_func2", ...), series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions),
-which calculates all the listed `rollup_func*` for raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d`.
+which calculates all the listed `rollup_func*` for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d`.
 The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 `rollup_func*` can contain any rollup function. For instance, `aggr_over_time(("min_over_time", "max_over_time", "rate"), m[d])`
 would calculate [min_over_time](#min_over_time), [max_over_time](#max_over_time) and [rate](#rate) for `m[d]`.
@@ -203,8 +205,8 @@ would calculate [min_over_time](#min_over_time), [max_over_time](#max_over_time)
 #### ascent_over_time
 
 `ascent_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates
-ascent of raw sample values on the given lookbehind window `d`. The calculations are performed individually
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+ascent of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) values on the given lookbehind window `d`. The calculations are performed individually
+per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is useful for tracking height gains in GPS tracking. Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups.
 
@@ -215,8 +217,8 @@ See also [descent_over_time](#descent_over_time).
 #### avg_over_time
 
 `avg_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the average value
-over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -225,8 +227,8 @@ See also [median_over_time](#median_over_time).
 #### changes
 
 `changes(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of times
-the raw samples changed on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+the [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) changed on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Unlike `changes()` in Prometheus it takes into account the change from the last sample before the given lookbehind window `d`.
 See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.
@@ -240,8 +242,8 @@ See also [changes_prometheus](#changes_prometheus).
 #### changes_prometheus
 
 `changes_prometheus(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of times
-the raw samples changed on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+the [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) changed on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 It doesn't take into account the change from the last sample before the given lookbehind window `d` in the same way as Prometheus does.
 See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.
@@ -254,9 +256,9 @@ See also [changes](#changes).
 
 #### count_eq_over_time
 
-`count_eq_over_time(series_selector[d], eq)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw samples
+`count_eq_over_time(series_selector[d], eq)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which are equal to `eq`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -264,9 +266,9 @@ See also [count_over_time](#count_over_time), [share_eq_over_time](#share_eq_ove
 
 #### count_gt_over_time
 
-`count_gt_over_time(series_selector[d], gt)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw samples
+`count_gt_over_time(series_selector[d], gt)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which are bigger than `gt`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -274,9 +276,9 @@ See also [count_over_time](#count_over_time) and [share_gt_over_time](#share_gt_
 
 #### count_le_over_time
 
-`count_le_over_time(series_selector[d], le)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw samples
+`count_le_over_time(series_selector[d], le)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which don't exceed `le`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -284,9 +286,9 @@ See also [count_over_time](#count_over_time) and [share_le_over_time](#share_le_
 
 #### count_ne_over_time
 
-`count_ne_over_time(series_selector[d], ne)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw samples
+`count_ne_over_time(series_selector[d], ne)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which aren't equal to `ne`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -294,8 +296,8 @@ See also [count_over_time](#count_over_time).
 
 #### count_over_time
 
-`count_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`count_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -305,9 +307,9 @@ See also [count_le_over_time](#count_le_over_time), [count_gt_over_time](#count_
 
 #### count_values_over_time
 
-`count_values_over_time("label", series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which counts the number of raw samples
+`count_values_over_time("label", series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which counts the number of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 with the same value over the given lookbehind window and stores the counts in a time series with an additional `label`, which contains each initial value.
-The results are calculated independently per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+The results are calculated independently per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -315,8 +317,8 @@ See also [count_eq_over_time](#count_eq_over_time), [count_values](#count_values
 
 #### decreases_over_time
 
-`decreases_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw sample value decreases
-over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`decreases_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+value decreases over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -324,8 +326,9 @@ See also [increases_over_time](#increases_over_time).
 
 #### default_rollup
 
-`default_rollup(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the last raw sample value on the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`default_rollup(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the last [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+value on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+Compared to [last_over_time](#last_over_time) it accounts for [staleness markers](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#prometheus-staleness-markers) to detect stale series.
 
 If the lookbehind window is skipped in square brackets, then it is automatically calculated as `max(step, scrape_interval)`, where `step` is the query arg value
 passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query) or [/api/v1/query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#instant-query),
@@ -336,7 +339,7 @@ This allows avoiding unexpected gaps on the graph when `step` is smaller than th
 
 `delta(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the difference between
 the last sample before the given lookbehind window `d` and the last sample at the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 The behaviour of `delta()` function in MetricsQL is slightly different to the behaviour of `delta()` function in Prometheus.
 See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.
@@ -351,7 +354,7 @@ See also [increase](#increase) and [delta_prometheus](#delta_prometheus).
 
 `delta_prometheus(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the difference between
 the first and the last samples at the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 The behaviour of `delta_prometheus()` is close to the behaviour of `delta()` function in Prometheus.
 See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.
@@ -363,7 +366,7 @@ See also [delta](#delta).
 #### deriv
 
 `deriv(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second derivative over the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 The derivative is calculated using linear regression.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
@@ -375,8 +378,8 @@ See also [deriv_fast](#deriv_fast) and [ideriv](#ideriv).
 #### deriv_fast
 
 `deriv_fast(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second derivative
-using the first and the last raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+using the first and the last [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -384,9 +387,9 @@ See also [deriv](#deriv) and [ideriv](#ideriv).
 
 #### descent_over_time
 
-`descent_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates descent of raw sample values
-on the given lookbehind window `d`. The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`descent_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates descent of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values on the given lookbehind window `d`. The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is useful for tracking height loss in GPS tracking.
 
@@ -396,8 +399,8 @@ See also [ascent_over_time](#ascent_over_time).
 
 #### distinct_over_time
 
-`distinct_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the number of distinct raw sample values
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`distinct_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the number of unique [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -406,7 +409,7 @@ See also [count_values_over_time](#count_values_over_time).
 #### duration_over_time
 
 `duration_over_time(series_selector[d], max_interval)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the duration in seconds
-when time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) were present
+when time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) were present
 over the given lookbehind window `d`. It is expected that intervals between adjacent samples per each series don't exceed the `max_interval`.
 Otherwise, such intervals are considered as gaps and aren't counted.
 
@@ -416,26 +419,26 @@ See also [lifetime](#lifetime) and [lag](#lag).
 
 #### first_over_time
 
-`first_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the first raw sample value
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`first_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the first [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+value on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 See also [last_over_time](#last_over_time) and [tfirst_over_time](#tfirst_over_time).
 
 #### geomean_over_time
 
 `geomean_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates [geometric mean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_mean)
-over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
 #### histogram_over_time
 
 `histogram_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates
-[VictoriaMetrics histogram](https://godoc.org/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics#Histogram) over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d`.
-It is calculated individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+[VictoriaMetrics histogram](https://godoc.org/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics#Histogram) over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 The resulting histograms are useful to pass to [histogram_quantile](#histogram_quantile) for calculating quantiles
-over multiple [gauges](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#gauge).
+over multiple [gauges](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#gauge).
 For example, the following query calculates median temperature by country over the last 24 hours:
 
 `histogram_quantile(0.5, sum(histogram_over_time(temperature[24h])) by (vmrange,country))`.
@@ -457,10 +460,10 @@ See also [hoeffding_bound_lower](#hoeffding_bound_lower).
 #### holt_winters
 
 `holt_winters(series_selector[d], sf, tf)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates Holt-Winters value
-(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing)) for raw samples
+(aka [double exponential smoothing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing#Double_exponential_smoothing)) for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 over the given lookbehind window `d` using the given smoothing factor `sf` and the given trend factor `tf`.
-Both `sf` and `tf` must be in the range `[0...1]`. It is expected that the [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering)
-returns time series of [gauge type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#gauge).
+Both `sf` and `tf` must be in the range `[0...1]`. It is expected that the [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering)
+returns time series of [gauge type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#gauge).
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -468,8 +471,8 @@ See also [range_linear_regression](#range_linear_regression).
 
 #### idelta
 
-`idelta(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the difference between the last two raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`idelta(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the difference between the last two [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -479,9 +482,10 @@ See also [delta](#delta).
 
 #### ideriv
 
-`ideriv(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the per-second derivative based on the last two raw samples
+`ideriv(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the per-second derivative based
+on the last two [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 over the given lookbehind window `d`. The derivative is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -490,8 +494,8 @@ See also [deriv](#deriv).
 #### increase
 
 `increase(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the increase over the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
-It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter).
+per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter).
 
 Unlike Prometheus, it takes into account the last sample before the given lookbehind window `d` when calculating the result.
 See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.
@@ -505,8 +509,8 @@ See also [increase_pure](#increase_pure), [increase_prometheus](#increase_promet
 #### increase_prometheus
 
 `increase_prometheus(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the increase
-over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
-It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter).
+over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter).
 It doesn't take into account the last sample before the given lookbehind window `d` when calculating the result in the same way as Prometheus does.
 See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.
 
@@ -517,13 +521,13 @@ See also [increase_pure](#increase_pure) and [increase](#increase).
 #### increase_pure
 
 `increase_pure(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which works the same as [increase](#increase) except
-of the following corner case - it assumes that [counters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter) always start from 0,
+of the following corner case - it assumes that [counters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter) always start from 0,
 while [increase](#increase) ignores the first value in a series if it is too big.
 
 #### increases_over_time
 
-`increases_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of raw sample value increases
-over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`increases_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+value increases over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -531,16 +535,17 @@ See also [decreases_over_time](#decreases_over_time).
 
 #### integrate
 
-`integrate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the integral over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`integrate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the integral over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
 #### irate
 
-`irate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the "instant" per-second increase rate over the last two raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
-It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter).
+`irate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the "instant" per-second increase rate over
+the last two [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -552,7 +557,7 @@ See also [rate](#rate) and [rollup_rate](#rollup_rate).
 
 `lag(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the duration in seconds between the last sample
 on the given lookbehind window `d` and the timestamp of the current point. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -560,8 +565,8 @@ See also [lifetime](#lifetime) and [duration_over_time](#duration_over_time).
 
 #### last_over_time
 
-`last_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the last raw sample value on the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`last_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the last [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+value on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -570,7 +575,7 @@ See also [first_over_time](#first_over_time) and [tlast_over_time](#tlast_over_t
 #### lifetime
 
 `lifetime(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the duration in seconds between the last and the first sample
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -579,14 +584,15 @@ See also [duration_over_time](#duration_over_time) and [lag](#lag).
 #### mad_over_time
 
 `mad_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates [median absolute deviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_absolute_deviation)
-over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 See also [mad](#mad), [range_mad](#range_mad) and [outlier_iqr_over_time](#outlier_iqr_over_time).
 
 #### max_over_time
 
-`max_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the maximum value over raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`max_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the maximum value over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -594,16 +600,16 @@ See also [tmax_over_time](#tmax_over_time).
 
 #### median_over_time
 
-`median_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates median value over raw samples
+`median_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates median value over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 See also [avg_over_time](#avg_over_time).
 
 #### min_over_time
 
-`min_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the minimum value over raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`min_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the minimum value over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -612,15 +618,16 @@ See also [tmin_over_time](#tmin_over_time).
 #### mode_over_time
 
 `mode_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates [mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_(statistics))
-for raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated individually per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering). It is expected that raw sample values are discrete.
+for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated individually per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering). It is expected that [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values are discrete.
 
 #### outlier_iqr_over_time
 
 `outlier_iqr_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the last sample on the given lookbehind window `d`
 if its value is either smaller than the `q25-1.5*iqr` or bigger than `q75+1.5*iqr` where:
-- `iqr` is an [Interquartile range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range) over raw samples on the lookbehind window `d`
-- `q25` and `q75` are 25th and 75th [percentiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile) over raw samples on the lookbehind window `d`.
+- `iqr` is an [Interquartile range](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range) over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the lookbehind window `d`
+- `q25` and `q75` are 25th and 75th [percentiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile) over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the lookbehind window `d`.
 
 The `outlier_iqr_over_time()` is useful for detecting anomalies in gauge values based on the previous history of values.
 For example, `outlier_iqr_over_time(memory_usage_bytes[1h])` triggers when `memory_usage_bytes` suddenly goes outside the usual value range for the last hour.
@@ -630,8 +637,8 @@ See also [outliers_iqr](#outliers_iqr).
 #### predict_linear
 
 `predict_linear(series_selector[d], t)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the value `t` seconds in the future using
-linear interpolation over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d`. The predicted value is calculated individually per each time series
-returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+linear interpolation over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d`.
+The predicted value is calculated individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
 
@@ -639,7 +646,7 @@ See also [range_linear_regression](#range_linear_regression).
 
 #### present_over_time
 
-`present_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns 1 if there is at least a single raw sample
+`present_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns 1 if there is at least a single [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`. Otherwise, an empty result is returned.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
@@ -648,8 +655,8 @@ This function is supported by PromQL.
 
 #### quantile_over_time
 
-`quantile_over_time(phi, series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates `phi`-quantile over raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`quantile_over_time(phi, series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates `phi`-quantile over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 The `phi` value must be in the range `[0...1]`.
 
 This function is supported by PromQL.
@@ -659,16 +666,16 @@ See also [quantiles_over_time](#quantiles_over_time).
 #### quantiles_over_time
 
 `quantiles_over_time("phiLabel", phi1, ..., phiN, series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates `phi*`-quantiles
-over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 The function returns individual series per each `phi*` with `{phiLabel="phi*"}` label. `phi*` values must be in the range `[0...1]`.
 
 See also [quantile_over_time](#quantile_over_time).
 
 #### range_over_time
 
-`range_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates value range over raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`range_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates value range over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 E.g. it calculates `max_over_time(series_selector[d]) - min_over_time(series_selector[d])`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
@@ -676,8 +683,8 @@ Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#k
 #### rate
 
 `rate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the average per-second increase rate
-over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
-It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter).
+over the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter).
 
 If the lookbehind window is skipped in square brackets, then it is automatically calculated as `max(step, scrape_interval)`, where `step` is the query arg value
 passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query) or [/api/v1/query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#instant-query),
@@ -692,18 +699,18 @@ See also [irate](#irate) and [rollup_rate](#rollup_rate).
 
 #### rate_over_sum
 
-`rate_over_sum(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second rate over the sum of raw samples
+`rate_over_sum(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second rate over the sum of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`. The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
 #### resets
 
 `resets(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the number
-of [counter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter) resets over the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
-It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#counter).
+of [counter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter) resets over the given lookbehind window `d`
+per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
+It is expected that the `series_selector` returns time series of [counter type](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#counter).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -711,9 +718,9 @@ This function is supported by PromQL.
 
 #### rollup
 
-`rollup(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates `min`, `max` and `avg` values for raw samples
+`rollup(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates `min`, `max` and `avg` values for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
-These values are calculated individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+These values are calculated individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Optional 2nd argument `"min"`, `"max"` or `"avg"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
@@ -721,19 +728,20 @@ See also [label_match](#label_match).
 #### rollup_candlestick
 
 `rollup_candlestick(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates `open`, `high`, `low` and `close` values (aka OHLC)
-over raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns them in time series with `rollup="open"`, `rollup="high"`, `rollup="low"` and `rollup="close"` additional labels.
+over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns them in time series
+with `rollup="open"`, `rollup="high"`, `rollup="low"` and `rollup="close"` additional labels.
 The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering). This function is useful for financial applications.
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering). This function is useful for financial applications.
 
 Optional 2nd argument `"open"`, `"high"` or `"low"` or `"close"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
 
 #### rollup_delta
 
-`rollup_delta(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates differences between adjacent raw samples
+`rollup_delta(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates differences between adjacent [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values for the calculated differences
 and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
-The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Optional 2nd argument `"min"`, `"max"` or `"avg"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
@@ -745,9 +753,9 @@ See also [rollup_increase](#rollup_increase).
 #### rollup_deriv
 
 `rollup_deriv(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second derivatives
-for adjacent raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values for the calculated per-second derivatives
-and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
-The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+for adjacent [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values
+for the calculated per-second derivatives and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
+The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Optional 2nd argument `"min"`, `"max"` or `"avg"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
@@ -756,10 +764,10 @@ Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#k
 
 #### rollup_increase
 
-`rollup_increase(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates increases for adjacent raw samples
+`rollup_increase(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates increases for adjacent [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values for the calculated increases
 and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
-The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Optional 2nd argument `"min"`, `"max"` or `"avg"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
@@ -768,7 +776,8 @@ Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#k
 
 #### rollup_rate
 
-`rollup_rate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second change rates for adjacent raw samples
+`rollup_rate(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates per-second change rates
+for adjacent [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values for the calculated per-second change rates
 and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
 
@@ -778,16 +787,16 @@ when to use `rollup_rate()`.
 Optional 2nd argument `"min"`, `"max"` or `"avg"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
 
-The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
 #### rollup_scrape_interval
 
 `rollup_scrape_interval(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the interval in seconds between
-adjacent raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values for the calculated interval
+adjacent [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d` and returns `min`, `max` and `avg` values for the calculated interval
 and returns them in time series with `rollup="min"`, `rollup="max"` and `rollup="avg"` additional labels.
-The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+The calculations are performed individually per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Optional 2nd argument `"min"`, `"max"` or `"avg"` can be passed to keep only one calculation result and without adding a label.
 See also [label_match](#label_match).
@@ -796,8 +805,9 @@ Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#k
 
 #### scrape_interval
 
-`scrape_interval(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the average interval in seconds between raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`scrape_interval(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the average interval in seconds
+between [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -805,9 +815,10 @@ See also [rollup_scrape_interval](#rollup_scrape_interval).
 
 #### share_gt_over_time
 
-`share_gt_over_time(series_selector[d], gt)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns share (in the range `[0...1]`) of raw samples
+`share_gt_over_time(series_selector[d], gt)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns share (in the range `[0...1]`)
+of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which are bigger than `gt`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is useful for calculating SLI and SLO. Example: `share_gt_over_time(up[24h], 0)` - returns service availability for the last 24 hours.
 
@@ -817,9 +828,10 @@ See also [share_le_over_time](#share_le_over_time) and [count_gt_over_time](#cou
 
 #### share_le_over_time
 
-`share_le_over_time(series_selector[d], le)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns share (in the range `[0...1]`) of raw samples
+`share_le_over_time(series_selector[d], le)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns share (in the range `[0...1]`)
+of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which are smaller or equal to `le`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 This function is useful for calculating SLI and SLO. Example: `share_le_over_time(memory_usage_bytes[24h], 100*1024*1024)` returns
 the share of time series values for the last 24 hours when memory usage was below or equal to 100MB.
@@ -830,9 +842,10 @@ See also [share_gt_over_time](#share_gt_over_time) and [count_le_over_time](#cou
 
 #### share_eq_over_time
 
-`share_eq_over_time(series_selector[d], eq)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns share (in the range `[0...1]`) of raw samples
+`share_eq_over_time(series_selector[d], eq)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns share (in the range `[0...1]`)
+of [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 on the given lookbehind window `d`, which are equal to `eq`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -841,15 +854,15 @@ See also [count_eq_over_time](#count_eq_over_time).
 #### stale_samples_over_time
 
 `stale_samples_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the number
-of [staleness markers](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#prometheus-staleness-markers) on the given lookbehind window `d`
-per each time series matching the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+of [staleness markers](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#prometheus-staleness-markers) on the given lookbehind window `d`
+per each time series matching the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
 #### stddev_over_time
 
-`stddev_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates standard deviation over raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`stddev_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates standard deviation over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -859,8 +872,8 @@ See also [stdvar_over_time](#stdvar_over_time).
 
 #### stdvar_over_time
 
-`stdvar_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates standard variance over raw samples
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`stdvar_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates standard variance over [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -870,8 +883,8 @@ See also [stddev_over_time](#stddev_over_time).
 
 #### sum_eq_over_time
 
-`sum_eq_over_time(series_selector[d], eq)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-function), which calculates the sum of raw sample values equal to `eq`
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`sum_eq_over_time(series_selector[d], eq)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-function), which calculates the sum of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values equal to `eq` on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -879,8 +892,8 @@ See also [sum_over_time](#sum_over_time) and [count_eq_over_time](#count_eq_over
 
 #### sum_gt_over_time
 
-`sum_gt_over_time(series_selector[d], gt)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-function), which calculates the sum of raw sample values bigger than `gt`
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`sum_gt_over_time(series_selector[d], gt)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-function), which calculates the sum of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values bigger than `gt` on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -888,8 +901,8 @@ See also [sum_over_time](#sum_over_time) and [count_gt_over_time](#count_gt_over
 
 #### sum_le_over_time
 
-`sum_le_over_time(series_selector[d], le)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-function), which calculates the sum of raw sample values smaller or equal to `le`
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`sum_le_over_time(series_selector[d], le)` is a [rollup function](#rollup-function), which calculates the sum of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values smaller or equal to `le` on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -897,8 +910,8 @@ See also [sum_over_time](#sum_over_time) and [count_le_over_time](#count_le_over
 
 #### sum_over_time
 
-`sum_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the sum of raw sample values
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`sum_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the sum of [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) values
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -906,15 +919,16 @@ This function is supported by PromQL.
 
 #### sum2_over_time
 
-`sum2_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the sum of squares for raw sample values
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`sum2_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which calculates the sum of squares for [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+values on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
 #### timestamp
 
-`timestamp(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision for the last raw sample
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`timestamp(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision
+for the last [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -924,8 +938,9 @@ See also [time](#time) and [now](#now).
 
 #### timestamp_with_name
 
-`timestamp_with_name(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision for the last raw sample
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`timestamp_with_name(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision
+for the last [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are preserved in the resulting rollups.
 
@@ -933,8 +948,9 @@ See also [timestamp](#timestamp) and [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) mod
 
 #### tfirst_over_time
 
-`tfirst_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision for the first raw sample
-on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+`tfirst_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision
+for the first [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
+on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -943,7 +959,7 @@ See also [first_over_time](#first_over_time).
 #### tlast_change_over_time
 
 `tlast_change_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision for the last change
-per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) on the given lookbehind window `d`.
+per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) on the given lookbehind window `d`.
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -957,9 +973,10 @@ See also [tlast_change_over_time](#tlast_change_over_time).
 
 #### tmax_over_time
 
-`tmax_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision for the raw sample
+`tmax_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision
+for the [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 with the maximum value on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -967,9 +984,10 @@ See also [max_over_time](#max_over_time).
 
 #### tmin_over_time
 
-`tmin_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision for the raw sample
+`tmin_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns the timestamp in seconds with millisecond precision
+for the [raw sample](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
 with the minimum value on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -978,8 +996,8 @@ See also [min_over_time](#min_over_time).
 #### zscore_over_time
 
 `zscore_over_time(series_selector[d])` is a [rollup function](#rollup-functions), which returns [z-score](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score)
-for raw samples on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
-from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering).
+for [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) on the given lookbehind window `d`. It is calculated independently per each time series returned
+from the given [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering).
 
 Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. Add [keep_metric_names](#keep_metric_names) modifier in order to keep metric names.
 
@@ -994,7 +1012,7 @@ returned from the rollup `delta(temperature[24h])`.
 
 Additional details:
 
-* If transform function is applied directly to a [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering),
+* If transform function is applied directly to a [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering),
   then the [default_rollup()](#default_rollup) function is automatically applied before calculating the transformations.
   For example, `abs(temperature)` is implicitly transformed to `abs(default_rollup(temperature))`.
 * All the transform functions accept optional `keep_metric_names` modifier. If it is set,
@@ -1230,7 +1248,7 @@ by replacing all the values bigger or equal to 30 with 40.
 #### end
 
 `end()` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns the unix timestamp in seconds for the last point.
-It is known as `end` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query).
+It is known as `end` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query).
 
 See also [start](#start), [time](#time) and [now](#now).
 
@@ -1653,14 +1671,14 @@ This function is supported by PromQL.
 
 `start()` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns unix timestamp in seconds for the first point.
 
-It is known as `start` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query).
+It is known as `start` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query).
 
 See also [end](#end), [time](#time) and [now](#now).
 
 #### step
 
 `step()` is a [transform function](#transform-functions), which returns the step in seconds (aka interval) between the returned points.
-It is known as `step` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query).
+It is known as `step` query arg passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query).
 
 See also [start](#start) and [end](#end).
 
@@ -1717,7 +1735,7 @@ This function is supported by PromQL.
 
 Additional details:
 
-* If label manipulation function is applied directly to a [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering),
+* If label manipulation function is applied directly to a [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering),
   then the [default_rollup()](#default_rollup) function is automatically applied before performing the label transformation.
   For example, `alias(temperature, "foo")` is implicitly transformed to `alias(default_rollup(temperature), "foo")`.
 
@@ -1894,7 +1912,7 @@ Additional details:
   and calculate the [count](#count) aggregate function independently per each group, while `count(up) without (instance)`
   would group [rollup results](#rollup-functions) by all the labels except `instance` before calculating [count](#count) aggregate function independently per each group.
   Multiple labels can be put in `by` and `without` modifiers.
-* If the aggregate function is applied directly to a [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering),
+* If the aggregate function is applied directly to a [series_selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering),
   then the [default_rollup()](#default_rollup) function is automatically applied before calculating the aggregate.
   For example, `count(up)` is implicitly transformed to `count(default_rollup(up))`.
 * Aggregate functions accept arbitrary number of args. For example, `avg(q1, q2, q3)` would return the average values for every point
@@ -2104,7 +2122,7 @@ See also [quantile](#quantile).
 `share(q) by (group_labels)` is [aggregate function](#aggregate-functions), which returns shares in the range `[0..1]`
 for every non-negative points returned by `q` per each timestamp, so the sum of shares per each `group_labels` equals 1.
 
-This function is useful for normalizing [histogram bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#histogram) shares
+This function is useful for normalizing [histogram bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#histogram) shares
 into `[0..1]` range:
 
 ```metricsql
@@ -2208,10 +2226,11 @@ See also [zscore_over_time](#zscore_over_time), [range_trim_zscore](#range_trim_
 ## Subqueries
 
 MetricsQL supports and extends PromQL subqueries. See [this article](https://valyala.medium.com/prometheus-subqueries-in-victoriametrics-9b1492b720b3) for details.
-Any [rollup function](#rollup-functions) for something other than [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering) form a subquery.
+Any [rollup function](#rollup-functions) for something other than [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering) form a subquery.
 Nested rollup functions can be implicit thanks to the [implicit query conversions](#implicit-query-conversions).
 For example, `delta(sum(m))` is implicitly converted to `delta(sum(default_rollup(m))[1i:1i])`, so it becomes a subquery,
 since it contains [default_rollup](#default_rollup) nested into [delta](#delta).
+This behavior can be disabled or logged via cmd-line flags `-search.disableImplicitConversion` and `-search.logImplicitConversion` since v1.101.0.
 
 VictoriaMetrics performs subqueries in the following way:
 
@@ -2219,19 +2238,19 @@ VictoriaMetrics performs subqueries in the following way:
   For example, for expression `max_over_time(rate(http_requests_total[5m])[1h:30s])` the inner function `rate(http_requests_total[5m])`
   is calculated with `step=30s`. The resulting data points are aligned by the `step`.
 * It calculates the outer rollup function over the results of the inner rollup function using the `step` value
-  passed by Grafana to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query).
+  passed by Grafana to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query).
 
 ## Implicit query conversions
 
 VictoriaMetrics performs the following implicit conversions for incoming queries before starting the calculations:
 
 * If lookbehind window in square brackets is missing inside [rollup function](#rollup-functions), then it is automatically set to the following value:
-  - To `step` value passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query) or [/api/v1/query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#instant-query)
+  - To `step` value passed to [/api/v1/query_range](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#range-query) or [/api/v1/query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#instant-query)
     for all the [rollup functions](#rollup-functions) except of [default_rollup](#default_rollup) and [rate](#rate). This value is known as `$__interval` in Grafana or `1i` in MetricsQL.
     For example, `avg_over_time(temperature)` is automatically transformed to `avg_over_time(temperature[1i])`.
   - To the `max(step, scrape_interval)`, where `scrape_interval` is the interval between [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)
     for [default_rollup](#default_rollup) and [rate](#rate) functions. This allows avoiding unexpected gaps on the graph when `step` is smaller than `scrape_interval`.
-* All the [series selectors](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering),
+* All the [series selectors](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering),
   which aren't wrapped into [rollup functions](#rollup-functions), are automatically wrapped into [default_rollup](#default_rollup) function.
   Examples:
   * `foo` is transformed to `default_rollup(foo)`
@@ -2242,6 +2261,7 @@ VictoriaMetrics performs the following implicit conversions for incoming queries
     it is [transform function](#transform-functions)
 * If `step` in square brackets is missing inside [subquery](#subqueries), then `1i` step is automatically added there.
   For example, `avg_over_time(rate(http_requests_total[5m])[1h])` is automatically converted to `avg_over_time(rate(http_requests_total[5m])[1h:1i])`.
-* If something other than [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#filtering)
+* If something other than [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering)
   is passed to [rollup function](#rollup-functions), then a [subquery](#subqueries) with `1i` lookbehind window and `1i` step is automatically formed.
-  For example, `rate(sum(up))` is automatically converted to `rate((sum(default_rollup(up)))[1i:1i])`.
+  For example, `rate(sum(up))` is automatically converted to `rate((sum(default_rollup(up)))[1i:1i])`. 
+  This behavior can be disabled or logged via cmd-line flags `-search.disableImplicitConversion` and `-search.logImplicitConversion` since v1.101.0.

app/vlstorage/main.go

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 package vlstorage
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
@@ -19,19 +20,21 @@ import (
 var (
 	retentionPeriod = flagutil.NewDuration("retentionPeriod", "7d", "Log entries with timestamps older than now-retentionPeriod are automatically deleted; "+
 		"log entries with timestamps outside the retention are also rejected during data ingestion; the minimum supported retention is 1d (one day); "+
-		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/#retention")
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#retention ; see also -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes")
+	maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes = flagutil.NewBytes("retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes", 0, "The maximum disk space usage at -storageDataPath before older per-day "+
+		"partitions are automatically dropped; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#retention-by-disk-space-usage ; see also -retentionPeriod")
 	futureRetention = flagutil.NewDuration("futureRetention", "2d", "Log entries with timestamps bigger than now+futureRetention are rejected during data ingestion; "+
-		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/#retention")
-	storageDataPath = flag.String("storageDataPath", "victoria-logs-data", "Path to directory with the VictoriaLogs data; "+
-		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/#storage")
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#retention")
+	storageDataPath = flag.String("storageDataPath", "victoria-logs-data", "Path to directory where to store VictoriaLogs data; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#storage")
 	inmemoryDataFlushInterval = flag.Duration("inmemoryDataFlushInterval", 5*time.Second, "The interval for guaranteed saving of in-memory data to disk. "+
 		"The saved data survives unclean shutdowns such as OOM crash, hardware reset, SIGKILL, etc. "+
 		"Bigger intervals may help increase the lifetime of flash storage with limited write cycles (e.g. Raspberry PI). "+
 		"Smaller intervals increase disk IO load. Minimum supported value is 1s")
 	logNewStreams = flag.Bool("logNewStreams", false, "Whether to log creation of new streams; this can be useful for debugging of high cardinality issues with log streams; "+
-		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields ; see also -logIngestedRows")
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields ; see also -logIngestedRows")
 	logIngestedRows = flag.Bool("logIngestedRows", false, "Whether to log all the ingested log entries; this can be useful for debugging of data ingestion; "+
-		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/ ; see also -logNewStreams")
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/ ; see also -logNewStreams")
 	minFreeDiskSpaceBytes = flagutil.NewBytes("storage.minFreeDiskSpaceBytes", 10e6, "The minimum free disk space at -storageDataPath after which "+
 		"the storage stops accepting new data")
 )
@@ -48,12 +51,13 @@ func Init() {
 		logger.Fatalf("-retentionPeriod cannot be smaller than a day; got %s", retentionPeriod)
 	}
 	cfg := &logstorage.StorageConfig{
-		Retention:             retentionPeriod.Duration(),
-		FlushInterval:         *inmemoryDataFlushInterval,
-		FutureRetention:       futureRetention.Duration(),
-		LogNewStreams:         *logNewStreams,
-		LogIngestedRows:       *logIngestedRows,
-		MinFreeDiskSpaceBytes: minFreeDiskSpaceBytes.N,
+		Retention:              retentionPeriod.Duration(),
+		MaxDiskSpaceUsageBytes: maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes.N,
+		FlushInterval:          *inmemoryDataFlushInterval,
+		FutureRetention:        futureRetention.Duration(),
+		LogNewStreams:          *logNewStreams,
+		LogIngestedRows:        *logIngestedRows,
+		MinFreeDiskSpaceBytes:  minFreeDiskSpaceBytes.N,
 	}
 	logger.Infof("opening storage at -storageDataPath=%s", *storageDataPath)
 	startTime := time.Now()
@@ -61,10 +65,16 @@ func Init() {
 
 	var ss logstorage.StorageStats
 	strg.UpdateStats(&ss)
-	logger.Infof("successfully opened storage in %.3f seconds; partsCount: %d; blocksCount: %d; rowsCount: %d; sizeBytes: %d",
-		time.Since(startTime).Seconds(), ss.FileParts, ss.FileBlocks, ss.FileRowsCount, ss.CompressedFileSize)
-	storageMetrics = initStorageMetrics(strg)
+	logger.Infof("successfully opened storage in %.3f seconds; smallParts: %d; bigParts: %d; smallPartBlocks: %d; bigPartBlocks: %d; smallPartRows: %d; bigPartRows: %d; "+
+		"smallPartSize: %d bytes; bigPartSize: %d bytes",
+		time.Since(startTime).Seconds(), ss.SmallParts, ss.BigParts, ss.SmallPartBlocks, ss.BigPartBlocks, ss.SmallPartRowsCount, ss.BigPartRowsCount,
+		ss.CompressedSmallPartSize, ss.CompressedBigPartSize)
 
+	// register storage metrics
+	storageMetrics = metrics.NewSet()
+	storageMetrics.RegisterMetricsWriter(func(w io.Writer) {
+		writeStorageMetrics(w, strg)
+	})
 	metrics.RegisterSet(storageMetrics)
 }
 
@@ -99,117 +109,99 @@ func MustAddRows(lr *logstorage.LogRows) {
 	strg.MustAddRows(lr)
 }
 
-// RunQuery runs the given q and calls processBlock for the returned data blocks
-func RunQuery(tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, stopCh <-chan struct{}, processBlock func(columns []logstorage.BlockColumn)) {
-	strg.RunQuery(tenantIDs, q, stopCh, processBlock)
+// RunQuery runs the given q and calls writeBlock for the returned data blocks
+func RunQuery(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, writeBlock logstorage.WriteBlockFunc) error {
+	return strg.RunQuery(ctx, tenantIDs, q, writeBlock)
 }
 
-func initStorageMetrics(strg *logstorage.Storage) *metrics.Set {
-	ssCache := &logstorage.StorageStats{}
-	var ssCacheLock sync.Mutex
-	var lastUpdateTime time.Time
+// GetFieldNames executes q and returns field names seen in results.
+func GetFieldNames(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query) ([]logstorage.ValueWithHits, error) {
+	return strg.GetFieldNames(ctx, tenantIDs, q)
+}
 
-	m := func() *logstorage.StorageStats {
-		ssCacheLock.Lock()
-		defer ssCacheLock.Unlock()
-		if time.Since(lastUpdateTime) < time.Second {
-			return ssCache
-		}
-		var ss logstorage.StorageStats
-		strg.UpdateStats(&ss)
-		ssCache = &ss
-		lastUpdateTime = time.Now()
-		return ssCache
+// GetFieldValues executes q and returns unique values for the fieldName seen in results.
+//
+// If limit > 0, then up to limit unique values are returned.
+func GetFieldValues(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, fieldName string, limit uint64) ([]logstorage.ValueWithHits, error) {
+	return strg.GetFieldValues(ctx, tenantIDs, q, fieldName, limit)
+}
+
+// GetStreamFieldNames executes q and returns stream field names seen in results.
+func GetStreamFieldNames(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query) ([]logstorage.ValueWithHits, error) {
+	return strg.GetStreamFieldNames(ctx, tenantIDs, q)
+}
+
+// GetStreamFieldValues executes q and returns stream field values for the given fieldName seen in results.
+//
+// If limit > 0, then up to limit unique stream field values are returned.
+func GetStreamFieldValues(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, fieldName string, limit uint64) ([]logstorage.ValueWithHits, error) {
+	return strg.GetStreamFieldValues(ctx, tenantIDs, q, fieldName, limit)
+}
+
+// GetStreams executes q and returns streams seen in query results.
+//
+// If limit > 0, then up to limit unique streams are returned.
+func GetStreams(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, limit uint64) ([]logstorage.ValueWithHits, error) {
+	return strg.GetStreams(ctx, tenantIDs, q, limit)
+}
+
+// GetStreamIDs executes q and returns streamIDs seen in query results.
+//
+// If limit > 0, then up to limit unique streamIDs are returned.
+func GetStreamIDs(ctx context.Context, tenantIDs []logstorage.TenantID, q *logstorage.Query, limit uint64) ([]logstorage.ValueWithHits, error) {
+	return strg.GetStreamIDs(ctx, tenantIDs, q, limit)
+}
+
+func writeStorageMetrics(w io.Writer, strg *logstorage.Storage) {
+	var ss logstorage.StorageStats
+	strg.UpdateStats(&ss)
+
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, fmt.Sprintf(`vl_free_disk_space_bytes{path=%q}`, *storageDataPath), fs.MustGetFreeSpace(*storageDataPath))
+
+	isReadOnly := uint64(0)
+	if ss.IsReadOnly {
+		isReadOnly = 1
 	}
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, fmt.Sprintf(`vl_storage_is_read_only{path=%q}`, *storageDataPath), isReadOnly)
 
-	ms := metrics.NewSet()
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_active_merges{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.InmemoryActiveMerges)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_active_merges{type="storage/small"}`, ss.SmallPartActiveMerges)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_active_merges{type="storage/big"}`, ss.BigPartActiveMerges)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(fmt.Sprintf(`vl_free_disk_space_bytes{path=%q}`, *storageDataPath), func() float64 {
-		return float64(fs.MustGetFreeSpace(*storageDataPath))
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(fmt.Sprintf(`vl_storage_is_read_only{path=%q}`, *storageDataPath), func() float64 {
-		if m().IsReadOnly {
-			return 1
-		}
-		return 0
-	})
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vl_merges_total{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.InmemoryMergesTotal)
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vl_merges_total{type="storage/small"}`, ss.SmallPartMergesTotal)
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vl_merges_total{type="storage/big"}`, ss.BigPartMergesTotal)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_active_merges{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().InmemoryActiveMerges)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_merges_total{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().InmemoryMergesTotal)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_active_merges{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().FileActiveMerges)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_merges_total{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().FileMergesTotal)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_rows{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.InmemoryRowsCount)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_rows{type="storage/small"}`, ss.SmallPartRowsCount)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_rows{type="storage/big"}`, ss.BigPartRowsCount)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_storage_rows{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().InmemoryRowsCount)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_storage_rows{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().FileRowsCount)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_storage_parts{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().InmemoryParts)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_storage_parts{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().FileParts)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_storage_blocks{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().InmemoryBlocks)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_storage_blocks{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().FileBlocks)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_parts{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.InmemoryParts)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_parts{type="storage/small"}`, ss.SmallParts)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_parts{type="storage/big"}`, ss.BigParts)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_partitions`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().PartitionsCount)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_streams_created_total`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().StreamsCreatedTotal)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_blocks{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.InmemoryBlocks)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_blocks{type="storage/small"}`, ss.SmallPartBlocks)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_storage_blocks{type="storage/big"}`, ss.BigPartBlocks)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_indexdb_rows`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().IndexdbItemsCount)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_indexdb_parts`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().IndexdbPartsCount)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_indexdb_blocks`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().IndexdbBlocksCount)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_partitions`, ss.PartitionsCount)
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vl_streams_created_total`, ss.StreamsCreatedTotal)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_data_size_bytes{type="indexdb"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().IndexdbSizeBytes)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_data_size_bytes{type="storage"}`, func() float64 {
-		dm := m()
-		return float64(dm.CompressedInmemorySize + dm.CompressedFileSize)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_indexdb_rows`, ss.IndexdbItemsCount)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_indexdb_parts`, ss.IndexdbPartsCount)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_indexdb_blocks`, ss.IndexdbBlocksCount)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_compressed_data_size_bytes{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().CompressedInmemorySize)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_compressed_data_size_bytes{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().CompressedFileSize)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_uncompressed_data_size_bytes{type="inmemory"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().UncompressedInmemorySize)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_uncompressed_data_size_bytes{type="file"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().UncompressedFileSize)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_data_size_bytes{type="indexdb"}`, ss.IndexdbSizeBytes)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_data_size_bytes{type="storage"}`, ss.CompressedInmemorySize+ss.CompressedSmallPartSize+ss.CompressedBigPartSize)
 
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_rows_dropped_total{reason="too_big_timestamp"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().RowsDroppedTooBigTimestamp)
-	})
-	ms.NewGauge(`vl_rows_dropped_total{reason="too_small_timestamp"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(m().RowsDroppedTooSmallTimestamp)
-	})
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_compressed_data_size_bytes{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.CompressedInmemorySize)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_compressed_data_size_bytes{type="storage/small"}`, ss.CompressedSmallPartSize)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_compressed_data_size_bytes{type="storage/big"}`, ss.CompressedBigPartSize)
 
-	return ms
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_uncompressed_data_size_bytes{type="storage/inmemory"}`, ss.UncompressedInmemorySize)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_uncompressed_data_size_bytes{type="storage/small"}`, ss.UncompressedSmallPartSize)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vl_uncompressed_data_size_bytes{type="storage/big"}`, ss.UncompressedBigPartSize)
+
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vl_rows_dropped_total{reason="too_big_timestamp"}`, ss.RowsDroppedTooBigTimestamp)
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vl_rows_dropped_total{reason="too_small_timestamp"}`, ss.RowsDroppedTooSmallTimestamp)
 }

app/vmagent/Makefile

@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ vmagent-linux-ppc64le:
 vmagent-linux-s390x:
 	APP_NAME=vmagent CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=s390x $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
 
+vmagent-linux-loong64:
+	APP_NAME=vmagent CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
+
 vmagent-linux-386:
 	APP_NAME=vmagent CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
 

app/vmagent/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-See vmagent docs [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html).
+See vmagent docs [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/).
 
-vmagent docs can be edited at [docs/vmagent.md](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/vmagent.md).
+vmagent docs can be edited at [docs/vmagent.md](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/vmagent.md).

app/vmagent/common/push_ctx.go

@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@ package common
 import (
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/cgroup"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
 )
 
 // PushCtx is a context used for populating WriteRequest.
 type PushCtx struct {
+	// WriteRequest contains the WriteRequest, which must be pushed later to remote storage.
+	//
+	// The actual labels and samples for the time series are stored in Labels and Samples fields.
 	WriteRequest prompbmarshal.WriteRequest
 
 	// Labels contains flat list of all the labels used in WriteRequest.
@@ -21,13 +23,7 @@ type PushCtx struct {
 
 // Reset resets ctx.
 func (ctx *PushCtx) Reset() {
-	tss := ctx.WriteRequest.Timeseries
-	for i := range tss {
-		ts := &tss[i]
-		ts.Labels = nil
-		ts.Samples = nil
-	}
-	ctx.WriteRequest.Timeseries = ctx.WriteRequest.Timeseries[:0]
+	ctx.WriteRequest.Reset()
 
 	promrelabel.CleanLabels(ctx.Labels)
 	ctx.Labels = ctx.Labels[:0]
@@ -39,15 +35,10 @@ func (ctx *PushCtx) Reset() {
 //
 // Call PutPushCtx when the ctx is no longer needed.
 func GetPushCtx() *PushCtx {
-	select {
-	case ctx := <-pushCtxPoolCh:
-		return ctx
-	default:
-		if v := pushCtxPool.Get(); v != nil {
-			return v.(*PushCtx)
-		}
-		return &PushCtx{}
+	if v := pushCtxPool.Get(); v != nil {
+		return v.(*PushCtx)
 	}
+	return &PushCtx{}
 }
 
 // PutPushCtx returns ctx to the pool.
@@ -55,12 +46,7 @@ func GetPushCtx() *PushCtx {
 // ctx mustn't be used after returning to the pool.
 func PutPushCtx(ctx *PushCtx) {
 	ctx.Reset()
-	select {
-	case pushCtxPoolCh <- ctx:
-	default:
-		pushCtxPool.Put(ctx)
-	}
+	pushCtxPool.Put(ctx)
 }
 
 var pushCtxPool sync.Pool
-var pushCtxPoolCh = make(chan *PushCtx, cgroup.AvailableCPUs())

app/vmagent/influx/request_handler.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/auth"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/cgroup"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
 	parserCommon "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/common"
@@ -160,25 +159,15 @@ func (ctx *pushCtx) reset() {
 }
 
 func getPushCtx() *pushCtx {
-	select {
-	case ctx := <-pushCtxPoolCh:
-		return ctx
-	default:
-		if v := pushCtxPool.Get(); v != nil {
-			return v.(*pushCtx)
-		}
-		return &pushCtx{}
+	if v := pushCtxPool.Get(); v != nil {
+		return v.(*pushCtx)
 	}
+	return &pushCtx{}
 }
 
 func putPushCtx(ctx *pushCtx) {
 	ctx.reset()
-	select {
-	case pushCtxPoolCh <- ctx:
-	default:
-		pushCtxPool.Put(ctx)
-	}
+	pushCtxPool.Put(ctx)
 }
 
 var pushCtxPool sync.Pool
-var pushCtxPoolCh = make(chan *pushCtx, cgroup.AvailableCPUs())

app/vmagent/main.go

@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ var (
 		"See also -opentsdbHTTPListenAddr.useProxyProtocol")
 	opentsdbHTTPUseProxyProtocol = flag.Bool("opentsdbHTTPListenAddr.useProxyProtocol", false, "Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted "+
 		"at -opentsdbHTTPListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt")
-	configAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("configAuthKey", "Authorization key for accessing /config page. It must be passed via authKey query arg")
-	reloadAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("reloadAuthKey", "Auth key for /-/reload http endpoint. It must be passed as authKey=...")
+	configAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("configAuthKey", "Authorization key for accessing /config page. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides httpAuth.* settings.")
+	reloadAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("reloadAuthKey", "Auth key for /-/reload http endpoint. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides httpAuth.* settings.")
 	dryRun        = flag.Bool("dryRun", false, "Whether to check config files without running vmagent. The following files are checked: "+
 		"-promscrape.config, -remoteWrite.relabelConfig, -remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig, -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config . "+
 		"Unknown config entries aren't allowed in -promscrape.config by default. This can be changed by passing -promscrape.config.strictParse=false command-line flag")
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func requestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		}
 		w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h2>vmagent</h2>")
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "See docs at <a href='https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html'>https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html</a></br>")
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "See docs at <a href='https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/'>https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/</a></br>")
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Useful endpoints:</br>")
 		httpserver.WriteAPIHelp(w, [][2]string{
 			{"targets", "status for discovered active targets"},
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ func usage() {
 	const s = `
 vmagent collects metrics data via popular data ingestion protocols and routes it to VictoriaMetrics.
 
-See the docs at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html .
+See the docs at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/ .
 `
 	flagutil.Usage(s)
 }

app/vmagent/multiarch/Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # See https://medium.com/on-docker/use-multi-stage-builds-to-inject-ca-certs-ad1e8f01de1b
 ARG certs_image
 ARG root_image
-FROM $certs_image as certs
+FROM $certs_image AS certs
 RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --update --no-cache add ca-certificates
 
 FROM $root_image

app/vmagent/remotewrite/client.go

@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/awsapi"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httputils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/persistentqueue"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promauth"
@@ -20,14 +23,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/ratelimiter"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timerpool"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 )
 
 var (
 	forcePromProto = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.forcePromProto", "Whether to force Prometheus remote write protocol for sending data "+
-		"to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol")
+		"to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol")
 	forceVMProto = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.forceVMProto", "Whether to force VictoriaMetrics remote write protocol for sending data "+
-		"to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol")
+		"to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol")
 
 	rateLimit = flagutil.NewArrayInt("remoteWrite.rateLimit", 0, "Optional rate limit in bytes per second for data sent to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. "+
 		"By default, the rate limit is disabled. It can be useful for limiting load on remote storage when big amounts of buffered data "+
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ var (
 	proxyURL    = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.proxyURL", "Optional proxy URL for writing data to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. "+
 		"Supported proxies: http, https, socks5. Example: -remoteWrite.proxyURL=socks5://proxy:1234")
 
-	tlsHandshakeTimeout   = flagutil.NewArrayDuration("remoteWrite.tlsHandshakeTimeout", 20*time.Second, "The timeout for estabilishing tls connections to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url")
+	tlsHandshakeTimeout   = flagutil.NewArrayDuration("remoteWrite.tlsHandshakeTimeout", 20*time.Second, "The timeout for establishing tls connections to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url")
 	tlsInsecureSkipVerify = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.tlsInsecureSkipVerify", "Whether to skip tls verification when connecting to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url")
 	tlsCertFile           = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.tlsCertFile", "Optional path to client-side TLS certificate file to use when connecting "+
 		"to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url")
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ func newHTTPClient(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL, sanitizedURL string, fq *persiste
 		logger.Fatalf("cannot initialize AWS Config for -remoteWrite.url=%q: %s", remoteWriteURL, err)
 	}
 	tr := &http.Transport{
-		DialContext:         statDial,
+		DialContext:         httputils.GetStatDialFunc("vmagent_remotewrite"),
 		TLSHandshakeTimeout: tlsHandshakeTimeout.GetOptionalArg(argIdx),
 		MaxConnsPerHost:     2 * concurrency,
 		MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 2 * concurrency,
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ func newHTTPClient(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL, sanitizedURL string, fq *persiste
 		useVMProto = common.HandleVMProtoClientHandshake(c.remoteWriteURL, doRequest)
 		if !useVMProto {
 			logger.Infof("the remote storage at %q doesn't support VictoriaMetrics remote write protocol. Switching to Prometheus remote write protocol. "+
-				"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol", sanitizedURL)
+				"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol", sanitizedURL)
 		}
 	}
 	c.useVMProto = useVMProto
@@ -298,6 +300,11 @@ func (c *client) runWorker() {
 		if !ok {
 			return
 		}
+		if len(block) == 0 {
+			// skip empty data blocks from sending
+			// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/6241
+			continue
+		}
 		go func() {
 			startTime := time.Now()
 			ch <- c.sendBlock(block)

app/vmagent/remotewrite/pendingseries.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var (
 	maxRowsPerBlock      = flag.Int("remoteWrite.maxRowsPerBlock", 10000, "The maximum number of samples to send in each block to remote storage. Higher number may improve performance at the cost of the increased memory usage. See also -remoteWrite.maxBlockSize")
 	vmProtoCompressLevel = flag.Int("remoteWrite.vmProtoCompressLevel", 0, "The compression level for VictoriaMetrics remote write protocol. "+
 		"Higher values reduce network traffic at the cost of higher CPU usage. Negative values reduce CPU usage at the cost of increased network traffic. "+
-		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol")
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#victoriametrics-remote-write-protocol")
 )
 
 type pendingSeries struct {
@@ -122,11 +122,7 @@ func (wr *writeRequest) reset() {
 
 	wr.wr.Timeseries = nil
 
-	for i := range wr.tss {
-		ts := &wr.tss[i]
-		ts.Labels = nil
-		ts.Samples = nil
-	}
+	clear(wr.tss)
 	wr.tss = wr.tss[:0]
 
 	promrelabel.CleanLabels(wr.labels)

app/vmagent/remotewrite/pendingseries_test.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func testPushWriteRequest(t *testing.T, rowsCount, expectedBlockLenProm, expecte
 			return true
 		}
 		if !tryPushWriteRequest(wr, pushBlock, isVMRemoteWrite) {
-			t.Fatalf("cannot push data to to remote storage")
+			t.Fatalf("cannot push data to remote storage")
 		}
 		if math.Abs(float64(pushBlockLen-expectedBlockLen)/float64(expectedBlockLen)*100) > tolerancePrc {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected block len for rowsCount=%d, isVMRemoteWrite=%v; got %d bytes; expecting %d bytes +- %.0f%%",

app/vmagent/remotewrite/relabel.go

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ var (
 	relabelConfigPathGlobal = flag.String("remoteWrite.relabelConfig", "", "Optional path to file with relabeling configs, which are applied "+
 		"to all the metrics before sending them to -remoteWrite.url. See also -remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig. "+
 		"The path can point either to local file or to http url. "+
-		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#relabeling")
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#relabeling")
 	relabelConfigPaths = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig", "Optional path to relabel configs for the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. "+
 		"See also -remoteWrite.relabelConfig. The path can point either to local file or to http url. "+
-		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#relabeling")
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#relabeling")
 
 	usePromCompatibleNaming = flag.Bool("usePromCompatibleNaming", false, "Whether to replace characters unsupported by Prometheus with underscores "+
 		"in the ingested metric names and label names. For example, foo.bar{a.b='c'} is transformed into foo_bar{a_b='c'} during data ingestion if this flag is set. "+
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ func loadRelabelConfigs() (*relabelConfigs, error) {
 		}
 		rcs.global = global
 	}
-	if len(*relabelConfigPaths) > (len(*remoteWriteURLs) + len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs)) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("too many -remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig args: %d; it mustn't exceed the number of -remoteWrite.url or -remoteWrite.multitenantURL args: %d",
-			len(*relabelConfigPaths), (len(*remoteWriteURLs) + len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs)))
+	if len(*relabelConfigPaths) > len(*remoteWriteURLs) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("too many -remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig args: %d; it mustn't exceed the number of -remoteWrite.url args: %d",
+			len(*relabelConfigPaths), (len(*remoteWriteURLs)))
 	}
-	rcs.perURL = make([]*promrelabel.ParsedConfigs, (len(*remoteWriteURLs) + len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs)))
+	rcs.perURL = make([]*promrelabel.ParsedConfigs, len(*remoteWriteURLs))
 	for i, path := range *relabelConfigPaths {
 		if len(path) == 0 {
 			// Skip empty relabel config.

app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/ratelimiter"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/streamaggr"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/tenantmetrics"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
 )
@@ -39,22 +38,23 @@ var (
 		"or Prometheus remote_write protocol. Example url: http://<victoriametrics-host>:8428/api/v1/write . "+
 		"Pass multiple -remoteWrite.url options in order to replicate the collected data to multiple remote storage systems. "+
 		"The data can be sharded among the configured remote storage systems if -remoteWrite.shardByURL flag is set")
-	remoteWriteMultitenantURLs = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.multitenantURL", "Base path for multitenant remote storage URL to write data to. "+
-		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#multitenancy for details. Example url: http://<vminsert>:8480 . "+
-		"Pass multiple -remoteWrite.multitenantURL flags in order to replicate data to multiple remote storage systems. "+
-		"This flag is deprecated in favor of -enableMultitenantHandlers . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#multitenancy")
 	enableMultitenantHandlers = flag.Bool("enableMultitenantHandlers", false, "Whether to process incoming data via multitenant insert handlers according to "+
-		"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#url-format . By default incoming data is processed via single-node insert handlers "+
+		"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/cluster-victoriametrics/#url-format . By default incoming data is processed via single-node insert handlers "+
 		"according to https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#how-to-import-time-series-data ."+
-		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#multitenancy for details")
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#multitenancy for details")
+
 	shardByURL = flag.Bool("remoteWrite.shardByURL", false, "Whether to shard outgoing series across all the remote storage systems enumerated via -remoteWrite.url . "+
-		"By default the data is replicated across all the -remoteWrite.url . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#sharding-among-remote-storages")
+		"By default the data is replicated across all the -remoteWrite.url . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#sharding-among-remote-storages . "+
+		"See also -remoteWrite.shardByURLReplicas")
+	shardByURLReplicas = flag.Int("remoteWrite.shardByURLReplicas", 1, "How many copies of data to make among remote storage systems enumerated via -remoteWrite.url "+
+		"when -remoteWrite.shardByURL is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#sharding-among-remote-storages")
 	shardByURLLabels = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.shardByURL.labels", "Optional list of labels, which must be used for sharding outgoing samples "+
 		"among remote storage systems if -remoteWrite.shardByURL command-line flag is set. By default all the labels are used for sharding in order to gain "+
 		"even distribution of series over the specified -remoteWrite.url systems. See also -remoteWrite.shardByURL.ignoreLabels")
 	shardByURLIgnoreLabels = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.shardByURL.ignoreLabels", "Optional list of labels, which must be ignored when sharding outgoing samples "+
 		"among remote storage systems if -remoteWrite.shardByURL command-line flag is set. By default all the labels are used for sharding in order to gain "+
 		"even distribution of series over the specified -remoteWrite.url systems. See also -remoteWrite.shardByURL.labels")
+
 	tmpDataPath = flag.String("remoteWrite.tmpDataPath", "vmagent-remotewrite-data", "Path to directory for storing pending data, which isn't sent to the configured -remoteWrite.url . "+
 		"See also -remoteWrite.maxDiskUsagePerURL and -remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue")
 	keepDanglingQueues = flag.Bool("remoteWrite.keepDanglingQueues", false, "Keep persistent queues contents at -remoteWrite.tmpDataPath in case there are no matching -remoteWrite.url. "+
@@ -81,63 +81,52 @@ var (
 		`For example, if m{k1="v1",k2="v2"} may be sent as m{k2="v2",k1="v1"}`+
 		`Enabled sorting for labels can slow down ingestion performance a bit`)
 	maxHourlySeries = flag.Int("remoteWrite.maxHourlySeries", 0, "The maximum number of unique series vmagent can send to remote storage systems during the last hour. "+
-		"Excess series are logged and dropped. This can be useful for limiting series cardinality. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#cardinality-limiter")
+		"Excess series are logged and dropped. This can be useful for limiting series cardinality. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#cardinality-limiter")
 	maxDailySeries = flag.Int("remoteWrite.maxDailySeries", 0, "The maximum number of unique series vmagent can send to remote storage systems during the last 24 hours. "+
-		"Excess series are logged and dropped. This can be useful for limiting series churn rate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#cardinality-limiter")
+		"Excess series are logged and dropped. This can be useful for limiting series churn rate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#cardinality-limiter")
 	maxIngestionRate = flag.Int("maxIngestionRate", 0, "The maximum number of samples vmagent can receive per second. Data ingestion is paused when the limit is exceeded. "+
 		"By default there are no limits on samples ingestion rate. See also -remoteWrite.rateLimit")
 
-	streamAggrConfig = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.streamAggr.config", "Optional path to file with stream aggregation config. "+
-		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html . "+
-		"See also -remoteWrite.streamAggr.keepInput, -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInput and -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval")
-	streamAggrKeepInput = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.streamAggr.keepInput", "Whether to keep all the input samples after the aggregation "+
-		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config. By default, only aggregates samples are dropped, while the remaining samples "+
-		"are written to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See also -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInput and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html")
-	streamAggrDropInput = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInput", "Whether to drop all the input samples after the aggregation "+
-		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config. By default, only aggregates samples are dropped, while the remaining samples "+
-		"are written to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See also -remoteWrite.streamAggr.keepInput and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html")
-	streamAggrDedupInterval = flagutil.NewArrayDuration("remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval", 0, "Input samples are de-duplicated with this interval before optional aggregation "+
-		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config . See also -dedup.minScrapeInterval and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html#deduplication")
-	streamAggrIgnoreOldSamples = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.streamAggr.ignoreOldSamples", "Whether to ignore input samples with old timestamps outside the current aggregation interval "+
-		"for the corresponding -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html#ignoring-old-samples")
-	streamAggrDropInputLabels = flagutil.NewArrayString("streamAggr.dropInputLabels", "An optional list of labels to drop from samples "+
-		"before stream de-duplication and aggregation . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation.html#dropping-unneeded-labels")
-
-	disableOnDiskQueue = flag.Bool("remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue", false, "Whether to disable storing pending data to -remoteWrite.tmpDataPath "+
-		"when the configured remote storage systems cannot keep up with the data ingestion rate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#disabling-on-disk-persistence ."+
+	disableOnDiskQueue = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue", "Whether to disable storing pending data to -remoteWrite.tmpDataPath "+
+		"when the configured remote storage systems cannot keep up with the data ingestion rate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent#disabling-on-disk-persistence ."+
 		"See also -remoteWrite.dropSamplesOnOverload")
-	dropSamplesOnOverload = flag.Bool("remoteWrite.dropSamplesOnOverload", false, "Whether to drop samples when -remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue is set and if the samples "+
-		"cannot be pushed into the configured remote storage systems in a timely manner. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#disabling-on-disk-persistence")
+	dropSamplesOnOverload = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.dropSamplesOnOverload", "Whether to drop samples when -remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue is set and if the samples "+
+		"cannot be pushed into the configured remote storage systems in a timely manner. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent#disabling-on-disk-persistence")
 )
 
 var (
-	// rwctxsDefault contains statically populated entries when -remoteWrite.url is specified.
-	rwctxsDefault []*remoteWriteCtx
+	// rwctxs contains statically populated entries when -remoteWrite.url is specified.
+	rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx
 
-	// rwctxsMap contains dynamically populated entries when -remoteWrite.multitenantURL is specified.
-	rwctxsMap     = make(map[tenantmetrics.TenantID][]*remoteWriteCtx)
-	rwctxsMapLock sync.Mutex
-
-	// Data without tenant id is written to defaultAuthToken if -remoteWrite.multitenantURL is specified.
+	// Data without tenant id is written to defaultAuthToken if -enableMultitenantHandlers is specified.
 	defaultAuthToken = &auth.Token{}
 
 	// ErrQueueFullHTTPRetry must be returned when TryPush() returns false.
 	ErrQueueFullHTTPRetry = &httpserver.ErrorWithStatusCode{
 		Err: fmt.Errorf("remote storage systems cannot keep up with the data ingestion rate; retry the request later " +
 			"or remove -remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue from vmagent command-line flags, so it could save pending data to -remoteWrite.tmpDataPath; " +
-			"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#disabling-on-disk-persistence"),
+			"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent/#disabling-on-disk-persistence"),
 		StatusCode: http.StatusTooManyRequests,
 	}
+
+	// disableOnDiskQueueAll is set to true if all remoteWrite.urls were configured to disable persistent queue via disableOnDiskQueue
+	disableOnDiskQueueAll bool
 )
 
-// MultitenancyEnabled returns true if -enableMultitenantHandlers or -remoteWrite.multitenantURL is specified.
+// MultitenancyEnabled returns true if -enableMultitenantHandlers is specified.
 func MultitenancyEnabled() bool {
-	return *enableMultitenantHandlers || len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs) > 0
+	return *enableMultitenantHandlers
 }
 
 // Contains the current relabelConfigs.
 var allRelabelConfigs atomic.Pointer[relabelConfigs]
 
+// Contains the current global stream aggregators.
+var sasGlobal atomic.Pointer[streamaggr.Aggregators]
+
+// Contains the current global deduplicator.
+var deduplicatorGlobal *streamaggr.Deduplicator
+
 // maxQueues limits the maximum value for `-remoteWrite.queues`. There is no sense in setting too high value,
 // since it may lead to high memory usage due to big number of buffers.
 var maxQueues = cgroup.AvailableCPUs() * 16
@@ -163,11 +152,8 @@ var (
 //
 // Stop must be called for graceful shutdown.
 func Init() {
-	if len(*remoteWriteURLs) == 0 && len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs) == 0 {
-		logger.Fatalf("at least one `-remoteWrite.url` or `-remoteWrite.multitenantURL` command-line flag must be set")
-	}
-	if len(*remoteWriteURLs) > 0 && len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs) > 0 {
-		logger.Fatalf("cannot set both `-remoteWrite.url` and `-remoteWrite.multitenantURL` command-line flags")
+	if len(*remoteWriteURLs) == 0 {
+		logger.Fatalf("at least one `-remoteWrite.url` command-line flag must be set")
 	}
 	if *maxHourlySeries > 0 {
 		hourlySeriesLimiter = bloomfilter.NewLimiter(*maxHourlySeries, time.Hour)
@@ -217,23 +203,51 @@ func Init() {
 	relabelConfigSuccess.Set(1)
 	relabelConfigTimestamp.Set(fasttime.UnixTimestamp())
 
-	if len(*remoteWriteURLs) > 0 {
-		rwctxsDefault = newRemoteWriteCtxs(nil, *remoteWriteURLs)
+	sasFile, sasOpts := getStreamAggrOpts(-1)
+	if sasFile != "" {
+		sas, err := newStreamAggrConfig(-1, pushToRemoteStoragesDropFailed)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Fatalf("cannot initialize stream aggregators from -streamAggr.config=%q: %s", sasFile, err)
+		}
+		sasGlobal.Store(sas)
+	} else if sasOpts.DedupInterval > 0 {
+		deduplicatorGlobal = streamaggr.NewDeduplicator(pushToRemoteStoragesDropFailed, sasOpts.DedupInterval, sasOpts.DropInputLabels, sasOpts.Alias)
 	}
+
+	if len(*remoteWriteURLs) > 0 {
+		rwctxs = newRemoteWriteCtxs(nil, *remoteWriteURLs)
+	}
+
+	disableOnDiskQueueAll = true
+	for _, v := range *disableOnDiskQueue {
+		if !v {
+			disableOnDiskQueueAll = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
 	dropDanglingQueues()
 
 	// Start config reloader.
 	configReloaderWG.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		var streamAggrConfigReloaderCh <-chan time.Time
+		if *streamAggrConfigCheckInterval > 0 {
+			ticker := time.NewTicker(*streamAggrConfigCheckInterval)
+			streamAggrConfigReloaderCh = ticker.C
+			defer ticker.Stop()
+		}
 		defer configReloaderWG.Done()
 		for {
 			select {
 			case <-sighupCh:
+				reloadRelabelConfigs()
+				reloadStreamAggrConfigs()
+			case <-streamAggrConfigReloaderCh:
+				reloadStreamAggrConfigs()
 			case <-configReloaderStopCh:
 				return
 			}
-			reloadRelabelConfigs()
-			reloadStreamAggrConfigs()
 		}
 	}()
 }
@@ -242,18 +256,15 @@ func dropDanglingQueues() {
 	if *keepDanglingQueues {
 		return
 	}
-	if len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs) > 0 {
-		// Do not drop dangling queues for *remoteWriteMultitenantURLs, since it is impossible to determine
-		// unused queues for multitenant urls - they are created on demand when new sample for the given
-		// tenant is pushed to remote storage.
-		return
-	}
 	// Remove dangling persistent queues, if any.
 	// This is required for the case when the number of queues has been changed or URL have been changed.
 	// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4014
 	//
-	existingQueues := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rwctxsDefault))
-	for _, rwctx := range rwctxsDefault {
+	// In case if there were many persistent queues with identical *remoteWriteURLs
+	// the queue with the last index will be dropped.
+	// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/6140
+	existingQueues := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rwctxs))
+	for _, rwctx := range rwctxs {
 		existingQueues[rwctx.fq.Dirname()] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
@@ -270,7 +281,7 @@ func dropDanglingQueues() {
 		}
 	}
 	if removed > 0 {
-		logger.Infof("removed %d dangling queues from %q, active queues: %d", removed, *tmpDataPath, len(rwctxsDefault))
+		logger.Infof("removed %d dangling queues from %q, active queues: %d", removed, *tmpDataPath, len(rwctxs))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -297,24 +308,6 @@ var (
 	relabelConfigTimestamp    = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_relabel_config_last_reload_success_timestamp_seconds`)
 )
 
-func reloadStreamAggrConfigs() {
-	if len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs) > 0 {
-		rwctxsMapLock.Lock()
-		for _, rwctxs := range rwctxsMap {
-			reinitStreamAggr(rwctxs)
-		}
-		rwctxsMapLock.Unlock()
-	} else {
-		reinitStreamAggr(rwctxsDefault)
-	}
-}
-
-func reinitStreamAggr(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx) {
-	for _, rwctx := range rwctxs {
-		rwctx.reinitStreamAggr()
-	}
-}
-
 func newRemoteWriteCtxs(at *auth.Token, urls []string) []*remoteWriteCtx {
 	if len(urls) == 0 {
 		logger.Panicf("BUG: urls must be non-empty")
@@ -338,7 +331,7 @@ func newRemoteWriteCtxs(at *auth.Token, urls []string) []*remoteWriteCtx {
 		}
 		sanitizedURL := fmt.Sprintf("%d:secret-url", i+1)
 		if at != nil {
-			// Construct full remote_write url for the given tenant according to https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#url-format
+			// Construct full remote_write url for the given tenant according to https://docs.victoriametrics.com/cluster-victoriametrics/#url-format
 			remoteWriteURL.Path = fmt.Sprintf("%s/insert/%d:%d/prometheus/api/v1/write", remoteWriteURL.Path, at.AccountID, at.ProjectID)
 			sanitizedURL = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d:%d", sanitizedURL, at.AccountID, at.ProjectID)
 		}
@@ -350,8 +343,10 @@ func newRemoteWriteCtxs(at *auth.Token, urls []string) []*remoteWriteCtx {
 	return rwctxs
 }
 
-var configReloaderStopCh = make(chan struct{})
-var configReloaderWG sync.WaitGroup
+var (
+	configReloaderStopCh = make(chan struct{})
+	configReloaderWG     sync.WaitGroup
+)
 
 // StartIngestionRateLimiter starts ingestion rate limiter.
 //
@@ -389,18 +384,14 @@ func Stop() {
 	close(configReloaderStopCh)
 	configReloaderWG.Wait()
 
-	for _, rwctx := range rwctxsDefault {
+	sasGlobal.Load().MustStop(nil)
+	deduplicatorGlobal.MustStop()
+	deduplicatorGlobal = nil
+
+	for _, rwctx := range rwctxs {
 		rwctx.MustStop()
 	}
-	rwctxsDefault = nil
-
-	// There is no need in locking rwctxsMapLock here, since nobody should call TryPush during the Stop call.
-	for _, rwctxs := range rwctxsMap {
-		for _, rwctx := range rwctxs {
-			rwctx.MustStop()
-		}
-	}
-	rwctxsMap = nil
+	rwctxs = nil
 
 	if sl := hourlySeriesLimiter; sl != nil {
 		sl.MustStop()
@@ -410,30 +401,24 @@ func Stop() {
 	}
 }
 
-// PushDropSamplesOnFailure pushes wr to the configured remote storage systems set via -remoteWrite.url and -remoteWrite.multitenantURL
-//
-// If at is nil, then the data is pushed to the configured -remoteWrite.url.
-// If at isn't nil, the data is pushed to the configured -remoteWrite.multitenantURL.
+// PushDropSamplesOnFailure pushes wr to the configured remote storage systems set via -remoteWrite.url
 //
 // PushDropSamplesOnFailure can modify wr contents.
 func PushDropSamplesOnFailure(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest) {
 	_ = tryPush(at, wr, true)
 }
 
-// TryPush tries sending wr to the configured remote storage systems set via -remoteWrite.url and -remoteWrite.multitenantURL
-//
-// If at is nil, then the data is pushed to the configured -remoteWrite.url.
-// If at isn't nil, the data is pushed to the configured -remoteWrite.multitenantURL.
+// TryPush tries sending wr to the configured remote storage systems set via -remoteWrite.url
 //
 // TryPush can modify wr contents, so the caller must re-initialize wr before calling TryPush() after unsuccessful attempt.
 // TryPush may send partial data from wr on unsuccessful attempt, so repeated call for the same wr may send the data multiple times.
 //
 // The caller must return ErrQueueFullHTTPRetry to the client, which sends wr, if TryPush returns false.
 func TryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest) bool {
-	return tryPush(at, wr, *dropSamplesOnOverload)
+	return tryPush(at, wr, false)
 }
 
-func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest, dropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
+func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
 	tss := wr.Timeseries
 
 	if at == nil && MultitenancyEnabled() {
@@ -442,41 +427,25 @@ func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest, dropSamplesOnFailur
 	}
 
 	var tenantRctx *relabelCtx
-	var rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx
-	if at == nil {
-		rwctxs = rwctxsDefault
-	} else if len(*remoteWriteMultitenantURLs) == 0 {
+	if at != nil {
 		// Convert at to (vm_account_id, vm_project_id) labels.
 		tenantRctx = getRelabelCtx()
 		defer putRelabelCtx(tenantRctx)
-		rwctxs = rwctxsDefault
-	} else {
-		rwctxsMapLock.Lock()
-		tenantID := tenantmetrics.TenantID{
-			AccountID: at.AccountID,
-			ProjectID: at.ProjectID,
-		}
-		rwctxs = rwctxsMap[tenantID]
-		if rwctxs == nil {
-			rwctxs = newRemoteWriteCtxs(at, *remoteWriteMultitenantURLs)
-			rwctxsMap[tenantID] = rwctxs
-		}
-		rwctxsMapLock.Unlock()
 	}
-
 	rowsCount := getRowsCount(tss)
 
-	if *disableOnDiskQueue {
-		// Quick check whether writes to configured remote storage systems are blocked.
-		// This allows saving CPU time spent on relabeling and block compression
-		// if some of remote storage systems cannot keep up with the data ingestion rate.
+	// Quick check whether writes to configured remote storage systems are blocked.
+	// This allows saving CPU time spent on relabeling and block compression
+	// if some of remote storage systems cannot keep up with the data ingestion rate.
+	// this shortcut is only applicable if all remote writes have disableOnDiskQueue = true
+	if disableOnDiskQueueAll {
 		for _, rwctx := range rwctxs {
 			if rwctx.fq.IsWriteBlocked() {
-				pushFailures.Inc()
-				if dropSamplesOnFailure {
+				rwctx.pushFailures.Inc()
+				if forceDropSamplesOnFailure || rwctx.dropSamplesOnOverload {
 					// Just drop samples
-					samplesDropped.Add(rowsCount)
-					return true
+					rwctx.rowsDroppedOnPushFailure.Add(rowsCount)
+					continue
 				}
 				return false
 			}
@@ -495,6 +464,8 @@ func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest, dropSamplesOnFailur
 	// Allow up to 10x of labels per each block on average.
 	maxLabelsPerBlock := 10 * maxSamplesPerBlock
 
+	sas := sasGlobal.Load()
+
 	for len(tss) > 0 {
 		// Process big tss in smaller blocks in order to reduce the maximum memory usage
 		samplesCount := 0
@@ -529,27 +500,31 @@ func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest, dropSamplesOnFailur
 		}
 		sortLabelsIfNeeded(tssBlock)
 		tssBlock = limitSeriesCardinality(tssBlock)
-		if !tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(rwctxs, tssBlock) {
-			if !*disableOnDiskQueue {
-				logger.Panicf("BUG: tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages must return true if -remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue isn't set")
-			}
-			pushFailures.Inc()
-			if dropSamplesOnFailure {
-				samplesDropped.Add(rowsCount)
-				return true
+		if sas.IsEnabled() {
+			matchIdxs := matchIdxsPool.Get()
+			matchIdxs.B = sas.Push(tssBlock, matchIdxs.B)
+			if !*streamAggrGlobalKeepInput {
+				tssBlock = dropAggregatedSeries(tssBlock, matchIdxs.B, *streamAggrGlobalDropInput)
 			}
+			matchIdxsPool.Put(matchIdxs)
+		} else if deduplicatorGlobal != nil {
+			deduplicatorGlobal.Push(tssBlock)
+			tssBlock = tssBlock[:0]
+		}
+		if !tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(tssBlock, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
 	return true
 }
 
-var (
-	samplesDropped = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_samples_dropped_total`)
-	pushFailures   = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_push_failures_total`)
-)
+func pushToRemoteStoragesDropFailed(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {
+	if tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(tss, true) {
+		return
+	}
+}
 
-func tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, tssBlock []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) bool {
+func tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(tssBlock []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
 	if len(tssBlock) == 0 {
 		// Nothing to push
 		return true
@@ -557,63 +532,22 @@ func tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, tssBlock []prompbmar
 
 	if len(rwctxs) == 1 {
 		// Fast path - just push data to the configured single remote storage
-		return rwctxs[0].TryPush(tssBlock)
+		return rwctxs[0].TryPush(tssBlock, forceDropSamplesOnFailure)
 	}
 
 	// We need to push tssBlock to multiple remote storages.
 	// This is either sharding or replication depending on -remoteWrite.shardByURL command-line flag value.
-	if *shardByURL {
-		// Shard the data among rwctxs
-		tssByURL := make([][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, len(rwctxs))
-		tmpLabels := promutils.GetLabels()
-		for _, ts := range tssBlock {
-			hashLabels := ts.Labels
-			if len(shardByURLLabelsMap) > 0 {
-				hashLabels = tmpLabels.Labels[:0]
-				for _, label := range ts.Labels {
-					if _, ok := shardByURLLabelsMap[label.Name]; ok {
-						hashLabels = append(hashLabels, label)
-					}
-				}
-				tmpLabels.Labels = hashLabels
-			} else if len(shardByURLIgnoreLabelsMap) > 0 {
-				hashLabels = tmpLabels.Labels[:0]
-				for _, label := range ts.Labels {
-					if _, ok := shardByURLIgnoreLabelsMap[label.Name]; !ok {
-						hashLabels = append(hashLabels, label)
-					}
-				}
-				tmpLabels.Labels = hashLabels
-			}
-			h := getLabelsHash(hashLabels)
-			idx := h % uint64(len(tssByURL))
-			tssByURL[idx] = append(tssByURL[idx], ts)
+	if *shardByURL && *shardByURLReplicas < len(rwctxs) {
+		// Shard tssBlock samples among rwctxs.
+		replicas := *shardByURLReplicas
+		if replicas <= 0 {
+			replicas = 1
 		}
-		promutils.PutLabels(tmpLabels)
-
-		// Push sharded data to remote storages in parallel in order to reduce
-		// the time needed for sending the data to multiple remote storage systems.
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-		var anyPushFailed atomic.Bool
-		for i, rwctx := range rwctxs {
-			tssShard := tssByURL[i]
-			if len(tssShard) == 0 {
-				continue
-			}
-			wg.Add(1)
-			go func(rwctx *remoteWriteCtx, tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {
-				defer wg.Done()
-				if !rwctx.TryPush(tss) {
-					anyPushFailed.Store(true)
-				}
-			}(rwctx, tssShard)
-		}
-		wg.Wait()
-		return !anyPushFailed.Load()
+		return tryShardingBlockAmongRemoteStorages(tssBlock, replicas, forceDropSamplesOnFailure)
 	}
 
-	// Replicate data among rwctxs.
-	// Push block to remote storages in parallel in order to reduce
+	// Replicate tssBlock samples among rwctxs.
+	// Push tssBlock to remote storage systems in parallel in order to reduce
 	// the time needed for sending the data to multiple remote storage systems.
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(len(rwctxs))
@@ -621,7 +555,7 @@ func tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, tssBlock []prompbmar
 	for _, rwctx := range rwctxs {
 		go func(rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			if !rwctx.TryPush(tssBlock) {
+			if !rwctx.TryPush(tssBlock, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
 				anyPushFailed.Store(true)
 			}
 		}(rwctx)
@@ -630,6 +564,97 @@ func tryPushBlockToRemoteStorages(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, tssBlock []prompbmar
 	return !anyPushFailed.Load()
 }
 
+func tryShardingBlockAmongRemoteStorages(tssBlock []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, replicas int, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
+	x := getTSSShards(len(rwctxs))
+	defer putTSSShards(x)
+
+	shards := x.shards
+	tmpLabels := promutils.GetLabels()
+	for _, ts := range tssBlock {
+		hashLabels := ts.Labels
+		if len(shardByURLLabelsMap) > 0 {
+			hashLabels = tmpLabels.Labels[:0]
+			for _, label := range ts.Labels {
+				if _, ok := shardByURLLabelsMap[label.Name]; ok {
+					hashLabels = append(hashLabels, label)
+				}
+			}
+			tmpLabels.Labels = hashLabels
+		} else if len(shardByURLIgnoreLabelsMap) > 0 {
+			hashLabels = tmpLabels.Labels[:0]
+			for _, label := range ts.Labels {
+				if _, ok := shardByURLIgnoreLabelsMap[label.Name]; !ok {
+					hashLabels = append(hashLabels, label)
+				}
+			}
+			tmpLabels.Labels = hashLabels
+		}
+		h := getLabelsHash(hashLabels)
+		idx := h % uint64(len(shards))
+		i := 0
+		for {
+			shards[idx] = append(shards[idx], ts)
+			i++
+			if i >= replicas {
+				break
+			}
+			idx++
+			if idx >= uint64(len(shards)) {
+				idx = 0
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	promutils.PutLabels(tmpLabels)
+
+	// Push sharded samples to remote storage systems in parallel in order to reduce
+	// the time needed for sending the data to multiple remote storage systems.
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var anyPushFailed atomic.Bool
+	for i, rwctx := range rwctxs {
+		shard := shards[i]
+		if len(shard) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(rwctx *remoteWriteCtx, tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if !rwctx.TryPush(tss, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
+				anyPushFailed.Store(true)
+			}
+		}(rwctx, shard)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	return !anyPushFailed.Load()
+}
+
+type tssShards struct {
+	shards [][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries
+}
+
+func getTSSShards(n int) *tssShards {
+	v := tssShardsPool.Get()
+	if v == nil {
+		v = &tssShards{}
+	}
+	x := v.(*tssShards)
+	if cap(x.shards) < n {
+		x.shards = make([][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, n)
+	}
+	x.shards = x.shards[:n]
+	return x
+}
+
+func putTSSShards(x *tssShards) {
+	shards := x.shards
+	for i := range shards {
+		clear(shards[i])
+		shards[i] = shards[i][:0]
+	}
+	tssShardsPool.Put(x)
+}
+
+var tssShardsPool sync.Pool
+
 // sortLabelsIfNeeded sorts labels if -sortLabels command-line flag is set.
 func sortLabelsIfNeeded(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {
 	if !*sortLabels {
@@ -726,14 +751,19 @@ type remoteWriteCtx struct {
 	sas          atomic.Pointer[streamaggr.Aggregators]
 	deduplicator *streamaggr.Deduplicator
 
-	streamAggrKeepInput bool
-	streamAggrDropInput bool
+	streamAggrKeepInput   bool
+	streamAggrDropInput   bool
+	disableOnDiskQueue    bool
+	dropSamplesOnOverload bool
 
 	pss        []*pendingSeries
 	pssNextIdx atomic.Uint64
 
 	rowsPushedAfterRelabel *metrics.Counter
 	rowsDroppedByRelabel   *metrics.Counter
+
+	pushFailures             *metrics.Counter
+	rowsDroppedOnPushFailure *metrics.Counter
 }
 
 func newRemoteWriteCtx(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL *url.URL, maxInmemoryBlocks int, sanitizedURL string) *remoteWriteCtx {
@@ -749,7 +779,8 @@ func newRemoteWriteCtx(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL *url.URL, maxInmemoryBlocks in
 		logger.Warnf("rounding the -remoteWrite.maxDiskUsagePerURL=%d to the minimum supported value: %d", maxPendingBytes, persistentqueue.DefaultChunkFileSize)
 		maxPendingBytes = persistentqueue.DefaultChunkFileSize
 	}
-	fq := persistentqueue.MustOpenFastQueue(queuePath, sanitizedURL, maxInmemoryBlocks, maxPendingBytes, *disableOnDiskQueue)
+	isPQDisabled := disableOnDiskQueue.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+	fq := persistentqueue.MustOpenFastQueue(queuePath, sanitizedURL, maxInmemoryBlocks, maxPendingBytes, isPQDisabled)
 	_ = metrics.GetOrCreateGauge(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_remotewrite_pending_data_bytes{path=%q, url=%q}`, queuePath, sanitizedURL), func() float64 {
 		return float64(fq.GetPendingBytes())
 	})
@@ -792,21 +823,20 @@ func newRemoteWriteCtx(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL *url.URL, maxInmemoryBlocks in
 		c:   c,
 		pss: pss,
 
+		dropSamplesOnOverload: dropSamplesOnOverload.GetOptionalArg(argIdx),
+		disableOnDiskQueue:    isPQDisabled,
+
 		rowsPushedAfterRelabel: metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_remotewrite_rows_pushed_after_relabel_total{path=%q, url=%q}`, queuePath, sanitizedURL)),
 		rowsDroppedByRelabel:   metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_remotewrite_relabel_metrics_dropped_total{path=%q, url=%q}`, queuePath, sanitizedURL)),
+
+		pushFailures:             metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_remotewrite_push_failures_total{path=%q, url=%q}`, queuePath, sanitizedURL)),
+		rowsDroppedOnPushFailure: metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_remotewrite_samples_dropped_total{path=%q, url=%q}`, queuePath, sanitizedURL)),
 	}
 
 	// Initialize sas
-	sasFile := streamAggrConfig.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
-	dedupInterval := streamAggrDedupInterval.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
-	ignoreOldSamples := streamAggrIgnoreOldSamples.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
+	sasFile, sasOpts := getStreamAggrOpts(argIdx)
 	if sasFile != "" {
-		opts := &streamaggr.Options{
-			DedupInterval:    dedupInterval,
-			DropInputLabels:  *streamAggrDropInputLabels,
-			IgnoreOldSamples: ignoreOldSamples,
-		}
-		sas, err := streamaggr.LoadFromFile(sasFile, rwctx.pushInternalTrackDropped, opts)
+		sas, err := newStreamAggrConfig(argIdx, rwctx.pushInternalTrackDropped)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Fatalf("cannot initialize stream aggregators from -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config=%q: %s", sasFile, err)
 		}
@@ -815,8 +845,8 @@ func newRemoteWriteCtx(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL *url.URL, maxInmemoryBlocks in
 		rwctx.streamAggrDropInput = streamAggrDropInput.GetOptionalArg(argIdx)
 		metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reload_successful{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Set(1)
 		metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reload_success_timestamp_seconds{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Set(fasttime.UnixTimestamp())
-	} else if dedupInterval > 0 {
-		rwctx.deduplicator = streamaggr.NewDeduplicator(rwctx.pushInternalTrackDropped, dedupInterval, *streamAggrDropInputLabels)
+	} else if sasOpts.DedupInterval > 0 {
+		rwctx.deduplicator = streamaggr.NewDeduplicator(rwctx.pushInternalTrackDropped, sasOpts.DedupInterval, sasOpts.DropInputLabels, sasOpts.Alias)
 	}
 
 	return rwctx
@@ -824,14 +854,12 @@ func newRemoteWriteCtx(argIdx int, remoteWriteURL *url.URL, maxInmemoryBlocks in
 
 func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) MustStop() {
 	// sas and deduplicator must be stopped before rwctx is closed
-	// because sas can write pending series to rwctx.pss if there are any
+	// because they can write pending series to rwctx.pss if there are any
 	sas := rwctx.sas.Swap(nil)
-	sas.MustStop()
+	sas.MustStop(nil)
 
-	if rwctx.deduplicator != nil {
-		rwctx.deduplicator.MustStop()
-		rwctx.deduplicator = nil
-	}
+	rwctx.deduplicator.MustStop()
+	rwctx.deduplicator = nil
 
 	for _, ps := range rwctx.pss {
 		ps.MustStop()
@@ -849,10 +877,22 @@ func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) MustStop() {
 	rwctx.rowsDroppedByRelabel = nil
 }
 
-func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) TryPush(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) bool {
-	// Apply relabeling
+// TryPush sends tss series to the configured remote write endpoint
+//
+// TryPush doesn't modify tss, so tss can be passed concurrently to TryPush across distinct rwctx instances.
+func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) TryPush(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
 	var rctx *relabelCtx
 	var v *[]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries
+	defer func() {
+		if rctx == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		*v = prompbmarshal.ResetTimeSeries(tss)
+		tssPool.Put(v)
+		putRelabelCtx(rctx)
+	}()
+
+	// Apply relabeling
 	rcs := allRelabelConfigs.Load()
 	pcs := rcs.perURL[rwctx.idx]
 	if pcs.Len() > 0 {
@@ -873,7 +913,7 @@ func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) TryPush(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) bool {
 
 	// Apply stream aggregation or deduplication if they are configured
 	sas := rwctx.sas.Load()
-	if sas != nil {
+	if sas.IsEnabled() {
 		matchIdxs := matchIdxsPool.Get()
 		matchIdxs.B = sas.Push(tss, matchIdxs.B)
 		if !rwctx.streamAggrKeepInput {
@@ -888,21 +928,21 @@ func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) TryPush(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) bool {
 		matchIdxsPool.Put(matchIdxs)
 	} else if rwctx.deduplicator != nil {
 		rwctx.deduplicator.Push(tss)
-		clear(tss)
-		tss = tss[:0]
+		return true
 	}
 
-	// Try pushing the data to remote storage
-	ok := rwctx.tryPushInternal(tss)
-
-	// Return back relabeling contexts to the pool
-	if rctx != nil {
-		*v = prompbmarshal.ResetTimeSeries(tss)
-		tssPool.Put(v)
-		putRelabelCtx(rctx)
+	// Try pushing tss to remote storage
+	if rwctx.tryPushInternal(tss) {
+		return true
 	}
 
-	return ok
+	// Couldn't push tss to remote storage
+	rwctx.pushFailures.Inc()
+	if forceDropSamplesOnFailure || rwctx.dropSamplesOnOverload {
+		rwctx.rowsDroppedOnPushFailure.Add(len(tss))
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 var matchIdxsPool bytesutil.ByteBufferPool
@@ -926,19 +966,28 @@ func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) pushInternalTrackDropped(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSe
 	if rwctx.tryPushInternal(tss) {
 		return
 	}
-	if !*disableOnDiskQueue {
+	if !rwctx.disableOnDiskQueue {
 		logger.Panicf("BUG: tryPushInternal must return true if -remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue isn't set")
 	}
-	pushFailures.Inc()
-	if *dropSamplesOnOverload {
+	rwctx.pushFailures.Inc()
+	if dropSamplesOnOverload.GetOptionalArg(rwctx.idx) {
 		rowsCount := getRowsCount(tss)
-		samplesDropped.Add(rowsCount)
+		rwctx.rowsDroppedOnPushFailure.Add(rowsCount)
 	}
 }
 
 func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) tryPushInternal(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) bool {
 	var rctx *relabelCtx
 	var v *[]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries
+	defer func() {
+		if rctx == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		*v = prompbmarshal.ResetTimeSeries(tss)
+		tssPool.Put(v)
+		putRelabelCtx(rctx)
+	}()
+
 	if len(labelsGlobal) > 0 {
 		// Make a copy of tss before adding extra labels in order to prevent
 		// from affecting time series for other remoteWrite.url configs.
@@ -951,49 +1000,7 @@ func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) tryPushInternal(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) boo
 	pss := rwctx.pss
 	idx := rwctx.pssNextIdx.Add(1) % uint64(len(pss))
 
-	ok := pss[idx].TryPush(tss)
-
-	if rctx != nil {
-		*v = prompbmarshal.ResetTimeSeries(tss)
-		tssPool.Put(v)
-		putRelabelCtx(rctx)
-	}
-
-	return ok
-}
-
-func (rwctx *remoteWriteCtx) reinitStreamAggr() {
-	sasFile := streamAggrConfig.GetOptionalArg(rwctx.idx)
-	if sasFile == "" {
-		// There is no stream aggregation for rwctx
-		return
-	}
-
-	logger.Infof("reloading stream aggregation configs pointed by -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config=%q", sasFile)
-	metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reloads_total{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Inc()
-	opts := &streamaggr.Options{
-		DedupInterval:    streamAggrDedupInterval.GetOptionalArg(rwctx.idx),
-		DropInputLabels:  *streamAggrDropInputLabels,
-		IgnoreOldSamples: streamAggrIgnoreOldSamples.GetOptionalArg(rwctx.idx),
-	}
-	sasNew, err := streamaggr.LoadFromFile(sasFile, rwctx.pushInternalTrackDropped, opts)
-	if err != nil {
-		metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reloads_errors_total{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Inc()
-		metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reload_successful{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Set(0)
-		logger.Errorf("cannot reload stream aggregation config from -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config=%q; continue using the previously loaded config; error: %s", sasFile, err)
-		return
-	}
-	sas := rwctx.sas.Load()
-	if !sasNew.Equal(sas) {
-		sasOld := rwctx.sas.Swap(sasNew)
-		sasOld.MustStop()
-		logger.Infof("successfully reloaded stream aggregation configs at -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config=%q", sasFile)
-	} else {
-		sasNew.MustStop()
-		logger.Infof("the config at -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config=%q wasn't changed", sasFile)
-	}
-	metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reload_successful{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Set(1)
-	metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`vmagent_streamaggr_config_reload_success_timestamp_seconds{path=%q}`, sasFile)).Set(fasttime.UnixTimestamp())
+	return pss[idx].TryPush(tss)
 }
 
 var tssPool = &sync.Pool{
@@ -1011,27 +1018,6 @@ func getRowsCount(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) int {
 	return rowsCount
 }
 
-// CheckStreamAggrConfigs checks configs pointed by -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config
-func CheckStreamAggrConfigs() error {
-	pushNoop := func(_ []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {}
-	for idx, sasFile := range *streamAggrConfig {
-		if sasFile == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		opts := &streamaggr.Options{
-			DedupInterval:    streamAggrDedupInterval.GetOptionalArg(idx),
-			DropInputLabels:  *streamAggrDropInputLabels,
-			IgnoreOldSamples: streamAggrIgnoreOldSamples.GetOptionalArg(idx),
-		}
-		sas, err := streamaggr.LoadFromFile(sasFile, pushNoop, opts)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cannot load -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config=%q: %w", sasFile, err)
-		}
-		sas.MustStop()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func newMapFromStrings(a []string) map[string]struct{} {
 	m := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a))
 	for _, s := range a {

app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package remotewrite
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/streamaggr"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+)
+
+func TestGetLabelsHash_Distribution(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(bucketsCount int) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		// Distribute itemsCount hashes returned by getLabelsHash() across bucketsCount buckets.
+		itemsCount := 1_000 * bucketsCount
+		m := make([]int, bucketsCount)
+		var labels []prompbmarshal.Label
+		for i := 0; i < itemsCount; i++ {
+			labels = append(labels[:0], prompbmarshal.Label{
+				Name:  "__name__",
+				Value: fmt.Sprintf("some_name_%d", i),
+			})
+			for j := 0; j < 10; j++ {
+				labels = append(labels, prompbmarshal.Label{
+					Name:  fmt.Sprintf("label_%d", j),
+					Value: fmt.Sprintf("value_%d_%d", i, j),
+				})
+			}
+			h := getLabelsHash(labels)
+			m[h%uint64(bucketsCount)]++
+		}
+
+		// Verify that the distribution is even
+		expectedItemsPerBucket := itemsCount / bucketsCount
+		for _, n := range m {
+			if math.Abs(1-float64(n)/float64(expectedItemsPerBucket)) > 0.04 {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected items in the bucket for %d buckets; got %d; want around %d", bucketsCount, n, expectedItemsPerBucket)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	f(2)
+	f(3)
+	f(4)
+	f(5)
+	f(10)
+}
+
+func TestRemoteWriteContext_TryPush_ImmutableTimeseries(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(streamAggrConfig, relabelConfig string, dedupInterval time.Duration, keepInput, dropInput bool, input string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		perURLRelabel, err := promrelabel.ParseRelabelConfigsData([]byte(relabelConfig))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("cannot load relabel configs: %s", err)
+		}
+		rcs := &relabelConfigs{
+			perURL: []*promrelabel.ParsedConfigs{
+				perURLRelabel,
+			},
+		}
+		allRelabelConfigs.Store(rcs)
+
+		pss := make([]*pendingSeries, 1)
+		pss[0] = newPendingSeries(nil, true, 0, 100)
+		rwctx := &remoteWriteCtx{
+			idx:                    0,
+			streamAggrKeepInput:    keepInput,
+			streamAggrDropInput:    dropInput,
+			pss:                    pss,
+			rowsPushedAfterRelabel: metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(`foo`),
+			rowsDroppedByRelabel:   metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(`bar`),
+		}
+		if dedupInterval > 0 {
+			rwctx.deduplicator = streamaggr.NewDeduplicator(nil, dedupInterval, nil, "global")
+		}
+
+		if len(streamAggrConfig) > 0 {
+			sas, err := streamaggr.LoadFromData([]byte(streamAggrConfig), nil, streamaggr.Options{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("cannot load streamaggr configs: %s", err)
+			}
+			rwctx.sas.Store(sas)
+		}
+
+		offsetMsecs := time.Now().UnixMilli()
+		inputTss := prompbmarshal.MustParsePromMetrics(input, offsetMsecs)
+		expectedTss := make([]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, len(inputTss))
+
+		// copy inputTss to make sure it is not mutated during TryPush call
+		copy(expectedTss, inputTss)
+		rwctx.TryPush(inputTss, false)
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(expectedTss, inputTss) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected samples;\ngot\n%v\nwant\n%v", inputTss, expectedTss)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f(`
+- interval: 1m
+  outputs: [sum_samples]
+- interval: 2m
+  outputs: [count_series]
+`, `
+- action: keep
+  source_labels: [env]
+  regex: "dev"
+`, 0, false, false, `
+metric{env="dev"} 10
+metric{env="bar"} 20
+metric{env="dev"} 15
+metric{env="bar"} 25
+`)
+	f(``, ``, time.Hour, false, false, `
+metric{env="dev"} 10
+metric{env="foo"} 20
+metric{env="dev"} 15
+metric{env="foo"} 25
+`)
+	f(``, `
+- action: keep
+  source_labels: [env]
+  regex: "dev"
+`, time.Hour, false, false, `
+metric{env="dev"} 10
+metric{env="bar"} 20
+metric{env="dev"} 15
+metric{env="bar"} 25
+`)
+	f(``, `
+- action: keep
+  source_labels: [env]
+  regex: "dev"
+`, time.Hour, true, false, `
+metric{env="test"} 10
+metric{env="dev"} 20
+metric{env="foo"} 15
+metric{env="dev"} 25
+`)
+	f(``, `
+- action: keep
+  source_labels: [env]
+  regex: "dev"
+`, time.Hour, false, true, `
+metric{env="foo"} 10
+metric{env="dev"} 20
+metric{env="foo"} 15
+metric{env="dev"} 25
+`)
+	f(``, `
+- action: keep
+  source_labels: [env]
+  regex: "dev"
+`, time.Hour, true, true, `
+metric{env="dev"} 10
+metric{env="test"} 20
+metric{env="dev"} 15
+metric{env="bar"} 25
+`)
+}

app/vmagent/remotewrite/statconn.go

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-package remotewrite
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/netutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
-)
-
-func getStdDialer() *net.Dialer {
-	stdDialerOnce.Do(func() {
-		stdDialer = &net.Dialer{
-			Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
-			KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
-			DualStack: netutil.TCP6Enabled(),
-		}
-	})
-	return stdDialer
-}
-
-var (
-	stdDialer     *net.Dialer
-	stdDialerOnce sync.Once
-)
-
-func statDial(ctx context.Context, _, addr string) (conn net.Conn, err error) {
-	network := netutil.GetTCPNetwork()
-	d := getStdDialer()
-	conn, err = d.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
-	dialsTotal.Inc()
-	if err != nil {
-		dialErrors.Inc()
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	conns.Inc()
-	sc := &statConn{
-		Conn: conn,
-	}
-	return sc, nil
-}
-
-var (
-	dialsTotal = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_dials_total`)
-	dialErrors = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_dial_errors_total`)
-	conns      = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conns`)
-)
-
-type statConn struct {
-	closed atomic.Int32
-	net.Conn
-}
-
-func (sc *statConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	n, err := sc.Conn.Read(p)
-	connReadsTotal.Inc()
-	if err != nil {
-		connReadErrors.Inc()
-	}
-	connBytesRead.Add(n)
-	return n, err
-}
-
-func (sc *statConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	n, err := sc.Conn.Write(p)
-	connWritesTotal.Inc()
-	if err != nil {
-		connWriteErrors.Inc()
-	}
-	connBytesWritten.Add(n)
-	return n, err
-}
-
-func (sc *statConn) Close() error {
-	err := sc.Conn.Close()
-	if sc.closed.Add(1) == 1 {
-		conns.Dec()
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-var (
-	connReadsTotal   = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conn_reads_total`)
-	connWritesTotal  = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conn_writes_total`)
-	connReadErrors   = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conn_read_errors_total`)
-	connWriteErrors  = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conn_write_errors_total`)
-	connBytesRead    = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conn_bytes_read_total`)
-	connBytesWritten = metrics.NewCounter(`vmagent_remotewrite_conn_bytes_written_total`)
-)

app/vmagent/remotewrite/streamaggr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package remotewrite
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/streamaggr"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Global config
+	streamAggrGlobalConfig = flag.String("streamAggr.config", "", "Optional path to file with stream aggregation config. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/ . "+
+		"See also -streamAggr.keepInput, -streamAggr.dropInput and -streamAggr.dedupInterval")
+	streamAggrConfigCheckInterval = flag.Duration("streamAggr.configCheckInterval", 0, "Interval for checking changes in -streamAggr.config "+
+		"and -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config")
+	streamAggrGlobalKeepInput = flag.Bool("streamAggr.keepInput", false, "Whether to keep all the input samples after the aggregation "+
+		"with -streamAggr.config. By default, only aggregates samples are dropped, while the remaining samples "+
+		"are written to remote storages write. See also -streamAggr.dropInput and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/")
+	streamAggrGlobalDropInput = flag.Bool("streamAggr.dropInput", false, "Whether to drop all the input samples after the aggregation "+
+		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config. By default, only aggregates samples are dropped, while the remaining samples "+
+		"are written to remote storages write. See also -streamAggr.keepInput and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/")
+	streamAggrGlobalDedupInterval = flagutil.NewDuration("streamAggr.dedupInterval", "0s", "Input samples are de-duplicated with this interval on "+
+		"aggregator before optional aggregation with -streamAggr.config . "+
+		"See also -dedup.minScrapeInterval and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#deduplication")
+	streamAggrGlobalIgnoreOldSamples = flag.Bool("streamAggr.ignoreOldSamples", false, "Whether to ignore input samples with old timestamps outside the "+
+		"current aggregation interval for aggregator. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#ignoring-old-samples")
+	streamAggrGlobalIgnoreFirstIntervals = flag.Int("streamAggr.ignoreFirstIntervals", 0, "Number of aggregation intervals to skip after the start for "+
+		"aggregator. Increase this value if you observe incorrect aggregation results after vmagent restarts. It could be caused by receiving unordered delayed data from "+
+		"clients pushing data into the vmagent. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#ignore-aggregation-intervals-on-start")
+	streamAggrGlobalDropInputLabels = flagutil.NewArrayString("streamAggr.dropInputLabels", "An optional list of labels to drop from samples for aggregator "+
+		"before stream de-duplication and aggregation . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#dropping-unneeded-labels")
+
+	// Per URL config
+	streamAggrConfig = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.streamAggr.config", "Optional path to file with stream aggregation config for the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/ . "+
+		"See also -remoteWrite.streamAggr.keepInput, -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInput and -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval")
+	streamAggrDropInput = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInput", "Whether to drop all the input samples after the aggregation "+
+		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config at the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. By default, only aggregates samples are dropped, while the remaining samples "+
+		"are written to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See also -remoteWrite.streamAggr.keepInput and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/")
+	streamAggrKeepInput = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.streamAggr.keepInput", "Whether to keep all the input samples after the aggregation "+
+		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config at the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. By default, only aggregates samples are dropped, while the remaining samples "+
+		"are written to the corresponding -remoteWrite.url . See also -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInput and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/")
+	streamAggrDedupInterval = flagutil.NewArrayDuration("remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval", 0, "Input samples are de-duplicated with this interval before optional aggregation "+
+		"with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config at the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. See also -dedup.minScrapeInterval and https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#deduplication")
+	streamAggrIgnoreOldSamples = flagutil.NewArrayBool("remoteWrite.streamAggr.ignoreOldSamples", "Whether to ignore input samples with old timestamps outside the current "+
+		"aggregation interval for the corresponding -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config at the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#ignoring-old-samples")
+	streamAggrIgnoreFirstIntervals = flag.Int("remoteWrite.streamAggr.ignoreFirstIntervals", 0, "Number of aggregation intervals to skip after the start "+
+		"for the corresponding -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config at the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. Increase this value if "+
+		"you observe incorrect aggregation results after vmagent restarts. It could be caused by receiving bufferred delayed data from clients pushing data into the vmagent. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#ignore-aggregation-intervals-on-start")
+	streamAggrDropInputLabels = flagutil.NewArrayString("remoteWrite.streamAggr.dropInputLabels", "An optional list of labels to drop from samples "+
+		"before stream de-duplication and aggregation with -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config and -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval at the corresponding -remoteWrite.url. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/stream-aggregation/#dropping-unneeded-labels")
+)
+
+// CheckStreamAggrConfigs checks -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config and -streamAggr.config.
+func CheckStreamAggrConfigs() error {
+	pushNoop := func(_ []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {}
+
+	if _, err := newStreamAggrConfig(-1, pushNoop); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not load -streamAggr.config stream aggregation config: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(*streamAggrConfig) > len(*remoteWriteURLs) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("too many -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config args: %d; it mustn't exceed the number of -remoteWrite.url args: %d",
+			len(*streamAggrConfig), len(*remoteWriteURLs))
+	}
+	for idx := range *streamAggrConfig {
+		if _, err := newStreamAggrConfig(idx, pushNoop); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reloadStreamAggrConfigs() {
+	reloadStreamAggrConfig(-1)
+	for idx := range rwctxs {
+		reloadStreamAggrConfig(idx)
+	}
+}
+
+func reloadStreamAggrConfig(idx int) {
+	path, _ := getStreamAggrOpts(idx)
+	var sas *streamaggr.Aggregators
+	var flag string
+	if idx < 0 {
+		flag = "-streamAggr.config"
+		sas = sasGlobal.Load()
+	} else {
+		flag = "-remoteWrite.streamAggr.config"
+		sas = rwctxs[idx].sas.Load()
+	}
+	if sas == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	logger.Infof("reloading stream aggregation configs pointed by %s=%q", flag, path)
+	if err := sas.Reload(); err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("cannot reload %s=%q; continue using the previously loaded config; error: %s", flag, path, err)
+		return
+	}
+	logger.Infof("successfully reloaded stream aggregation config %s=%q", flag, path)
+}
+
+func getStreamAggrOpts(idx int) (string, streamaggr.Options) {
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return *streamAggrGlobalConfig, streamaggr.Options{
+			DedupInterval:        streamAggrGlobalDedupInterval.Duration(),
+			DropInputLabels:      *streamAggrGlobalDropInputLabels,
+			IgnoreOldSamples:     *streamAggrGlobalIgnoreOldSamples,
+			IgnoreFirstIntervals: *streamAggrGlobalIgnoreFirstIntervals,
+			Alias:                "global",
+		}
+	}
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("%d:secret-url", idx+1)
+	if *showRemoteWriteURL {
+		url = fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", idx+1, remoteWriteURLs.GetOptionalArg(idx))
+	}
+	opts := streamaggr.Options{
+		DedupInterval:        streamAggrDedupInterval.GetOptionalArg(idx),
+		DropInputLabels:      *streamAggrDropInputLabels,
+		IgnoreOldSamples:     streamAggrIgnoreOldSamples.GetOptionalArg(idx),
+		IgnoreFirstIntervals: *streamAggrIgnoreFirstIntervals,
+		Alias:                url,
+	}
+
+	if len(*streamAggrConfig) == 0 {
+		return "", opts
+	}
+	return streamAggrConfig.GetOptionalArg(idx), opts
+}
+
+func newStreamAggrConfigWithOpts(pushFunc streamaggr.PushFunc, path string, opts streamaggr.Options) (*streamaggr.Aggregators, error) {
+	if len(path) == 0 {
+		// Skip empty stream aggregation config.
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return streamaggr.LoadFromFile(path, pushFunc, opts)
+}
+
+func newStreamAggrConfig(idx int, pushFunc streamaggr.PushFunc) (*streamaggr.Aggregators, error) {
+	path, opts := getStreamAggrOpts(idx)
+	return newStreamAggrConfigWithOpts(pushFunc, path, opts)
+}

app/vmalert-tool/main.go

@@ -26,8 +26,14 @@ func main() {
 				UsageText: "More info in https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert-tool.html#Unit-testing-for-rules",
 				Flags: []cli.Flag{
 					&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-						Name:     "files",
-						Usage:    "files to run unittest with. Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.",
+						Name: "files",
+						Usage: `File path or http url with test files. Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
+						Supports hierarchical patterns and regexpes.
+Examples:
+ -files="/path/to/file". Path to a single test file.
+ -files="http://<some-server-addr>/path/to/test.yaml". HTTP URL to a test file.
+ -files="dir/**/*.yaml". Includes all the .yaml files in "dir" subfolders recursively.
+ `,
 						Required: true,
 					},
 					&cli.BoolFlag{

app/vmalert-tool/multiarch/Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # See https://medium.com/on-docker/use-multi-stage-builds-to-inject-ca-certs-ad1e8f01de1b
 ARG certs_image
 ARG root_image
-FROM $certs_image as certs
+FROM $certs_image AS certs
 RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --update --no-cache add ca-certificates
 
 FROM $root_image

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/input.go

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql"
 )
 
+var numReg = regexp.MustCompile(`\D?\d*\.?\d*\D?`)
+
 // series holds input_series defined in the test file
 type series struct {
 	Series string `yaml:"series"`
@@ -86,13 +88,12 @@ func writeInputSeries(input []series, interval *promutils.Duration, startStamp t
 func parseInputValue(input string, origin bool) ([]sequenceValue, error) {
 	var res []sequenceValue
 	items := strings.Split(input, " ")
-	reg := regexp.MustCompile(`\D?\d*\D?`)
 	for _, item := range items {
 		if item == "stale" {
 			res = append(res, sequenceValue{Value: decimal.StaleNaN})
 			continue
 		}
-		vals := reg.FindAllString(item, -1)
+		vals := numReg.FindAllString(item, -1)
 		switch len(vals) {
 		case 1:
 			if vals[0] == "_" {

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/input_test.go

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func TestParseInputValue(t *testing.T) {
 			false,
 		},
 		{
-			"1+1x4",
-			[]sequenceValue{{Value: 1}, {Value: 2}, {Value: 3}, {Value: 4}, {Value: 5}},
+			"1+1x2 0.1 0.1+0.3x2 3.14",
+			[]sequenceValue{{Value: 1}, {Value: 2}, {Value: 3}, {Value: 0.1}, {Value: 0.1}, {Value: 0.4}, {Value: 0.7}, {Value: 3.14}},
 			false,
 		},
 		{

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/testdata/rules.yaml

@@ -37,3 +37,6 @@ groups:
     rules:
       - record: t3
         expr: t1
+
+  - name: emptyGroup
+    rules: []

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/unittest.go

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/config"
 	vmalertconfig "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/config"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/notifier"
@@ -66,36 +68,38 @@ func UnitTest(files []string, disableGroupLabel bool) bool {
 	defer vminsert.Stop()
 	defer vmselect.Stop()
 	disableAlertgroupLabel = disableGroupLabel
-	return rulesUnitTest(files)
-}
 
-func rulesUnitTest(files []string) bool {
+	testfiles, err := config.ReadFromFS(files)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("  FAILED")
+		fmt.Printf("\nfailed to read test files: \n%v", err)
+	}
 	var failed bool
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if err := ruleUnitTest(f); err != nil {
+	for fileName, file := range testfiles {
+		if err := ruleUnitTest(fileName, file); err != nil {
 			fmt.Println("  FAILED")
-			fmt.Printf("\nfailed to run unit test for file %q: \n%v", f, err)
+			fmt.Printf("\nfailed to run unit test for file %q: \n%v", file, err)
 			failed = true
 		} else {
 			fmt.Println("  SUCCESS")
 		}
 	}
+
 	return failed
 }
 
-func ruleUnitTest(filename string) []error {
+func ruleUnitTest(filename string, content []byte) []error {
 	fmt.Println("\nUnit Testing: ", filename)
-	b, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return []error{fmt.Errorf("failed to read file: %w", err)}
-	}
-
 	var unitTestInp unitTestFile
-	if err := yaml.UnmarshalStrict(b, &unitTestInp); err != nil {
+	if err := yaml.UnmarshalStrict(content, &unitTestInp); err != nil {
 		return []error{fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal file: %w", err)}
 	}
-	if err := resolveAndGlobFilepaths(filepath.Dir(filename), &unitTestInp); err != nil {
-		return []error{fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve path for `rule_files`: %w", err)}
+
+	// add file directory for rule files if needed
+	for i, rf := range unitTestInp.RuleFiles {
+		if rf != "" && !filepath.IsAbs(rf) && !strings.HasPrefix(rf, "http") {
+			unitTestInp.RuleFiles[i] = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), rf)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if unitTestInp.EvaluationInterval.Duration() == 0 {
@@ -139,24 +143,24 @@ func verifyTestGroup(group testGroup) error {
 	}
 	for _, at := range group.AlertRuleTests {
 		if at.Alertname == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required filed \"alertname\"", testGroupName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required field \"alertname\"", testGroupName)
 		}
 		if !disableAlertgroupLabel && at.GroupName == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required filed \"groupname\" when flag \"disableAlertGroupLabel\" is false", testGroupName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required field \"groupname\" when flag \"disableAlertgroupLabel\" is false", testGroupName)
 		}
 		if disableAlertgroupLabel && at.GroupName != "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    shouldn't set filed \"groupname\" when flag \"disableAlertGroupLabel\" is true", testGroupName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    shouldn't set field \"groupname\" when flag \"disableAlertgroupLabel\" is true", testGroupName)
 		}
 		if at.EvalTime == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required filed \"eval_time\"", testGroupName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required field \"eval_time\"", testGroupName)
 		}
 	}
 	for _, et := range group.MetricsqlExprTests {
 		if et.Expr == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required filed \"expr\"", testGroupName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required field \"expr\"", testGroupName)
 		}
 		if et.EvalTime == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required filed \"eval_time\"", testGroupName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("\n%s    missing required field \"eval_time\"", testGroupName)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -235,30 +239,6 @@ func tearDown() {
 	fs.MustRemoveAll(storagePath)
 }
 
-// resolveAndGlobFilepaths joins all relative paths in a configuration
-// with a given base directory and replaces all globs with matching files.
-func resolveAndGlobFilepaths(baseDir string, utf *unitTestFile) error {
-	for i, rf := range utf.RuleFiles {
-		if rf != "" && !filepath.IsAbs(rf) {
-			utf.RuleFiles[i] = filepath.Join(baseDir, rf)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var globbedFiles []string
-	for _, rf := range utf.RuleFiles {
-		m, err := filepath.Glob(rf)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if len(m) == 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  WARNING: no file match pattern", rf)
-		}
-		globbedFiles = append(globbedFiles, m...)
-	}
-	utf.RuleFiles = globbedFiles
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (tg *testGroup) test(evalInterval time.Duration, groupOrderMap map[string]int, testGroups []vmalertconfig.Group) (checkErrs []error) {
 	// set up vmstorage and http server for ingest and read queries
 	setUp()
@@ -316,11 +296,15 @@ func (tg *testGroup) test(evalInterval time.Duration, groupOrderMap map[string]i
 	maxEvalTime := testStartTime.Add(tg.maxEvalTime())
 	for ts := testStartTime; ts.Before(maxEvalTime) || ts.Equal(maxEvalTime); ts = ts.Add(evalInterval) {
 		for _, g := range groups {
+			if len(g.Rules) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
 			errs := g.ExecOnce(context.Background(), func() []notifier.Notifier { return nil }, rw, ts)
 			for err := range errs {
 				if err != nil {
 					checkErrs = append(checkErrs, fmt.Errorf("\nfailed to exec group: %q, time: %s, err: %w", g.Name,
 						ts, err))
+					return
 				}
 			}
 			// flush series after each group evaluation
@@ -374,7 +358,7 @@ func (tg *testGroup) test(evalInterval time.Duration, groupOrderMap map[string]i
 						if expAlert.ExpLabels == nil {
 							expAlert.ExpLabels = make(map[string]string)
 						}
-						// alertGroupNameLabel is added as additional labels when `disableAlertGroupLabel` is false
+						// alertGroupNameLabel is added as additional labels when `disableAlertgroupLabel` is false
 						if !disableAlertgroupLabel {
 							expAlert.ExpLabels["alertgroup"] = groupname
 						}

app/vmalert/Makefile

@@ -101,8 +101,7 @@ replay-vmalert: vmalert
 		-remoteWrite.url=http://localhost:8428 \
 		-external.label=cluster=east-1 \
 		-external.label=replica=a \
-		-replay.timeFrom=2021-05-11T07:21:43Z \
-		-replay.timeTo=2021-05-29T18:40:43Z
+		-replay.timeFrom=2024-06-01T00:00:00Z
 
 vmalert-linux-amd64:
 	APP_NAME=vmalert CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
@@ -119,6 +118,9 @@ vmalert-linux-ppc64le:
 vmalert-linux-s390x:
 	APP_NAME=vmalert CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=s390x $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
 
+vmalert-linux-loong64:
+	APP_NAME=vmalert CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
+
 vmalert-linux-386:
 	APP_NAME=vmalert CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 $(MAKE) app-local-goos-goarch
 

app/vmalert/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-See vmalert docs [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert.html).
+See vmalert docs [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/).
 
 vmalert docs can be edited at [docs/vmalert.md](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/vmalert.md).

app/vmalert/config/config.go

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func ParseSilent(pathPatterns []string, validateTplFn ValidateTplFn, validateExp
 	cLogger.Suppress(true)
 	defer cLogger.Suppress(false)
 
-	files, err := readFromFS(pathPatterns)
+	files, err := ReadFromFS(pathPatterns)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read from the config: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func ParseSilent(pathPatterns []string, validateTplFn ValidateTplFn, validateExp
 
 // Parse parses rule configs from given file patterns
 func Parse(pathPatterns []string, validateTplFn ValidateTplFn, validateExpressions bool) ([]Group, error) {
-	files, err := readFromFS(pathPatterns)
+	files, err := ReadFromFS(pathPatterns)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read from the config: %w", err)
 	}

app/vmalert/config/fs.go

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ var (
 	fsRegistry   = make(map[string]FS)
 )
 
-// readFromFS parses the given path list and inits FS for each item.
-// Once initialed, readFromFS will try to read and return files from each FS.
-// readFromFS returns an error if at least one FS failed to init.
+// ReadFromFS parses the given path list and inits FS for each item.
+// Once initialed, ReadFromFS will try to read and return files from each FS.
+// ReadFromFS returns an error if at least one FS failed to init.
 // The function can be called multiple times but each unique path
 // will be initialed only once.
 //
 // It is allowed to mix different FS types in path list.
-func readFromFS(paths []string) (map[string][]byte, error) {
+func ReadFromFS(paths []string) (map[string][]byte, error) {
 	var err error
 	result := make(map[string][]byte)
 	for _, path := range paths {

app/vmalert/datasource/init.go

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	addr = flag.String("datasource.url", "", "Datasource compatible with Prometheus HTTP API. It can be single node VictoriaMetrics or vmselect URL. Required parameter. "+
-		"E.g. http://127.0.0.1:8428 . See also -remoteRead.disablePathAppend and -datasource.showURL")
+	addr = flag.String("datasource.url", "", "Datasource compatible with Prometheus HTTP API. It can be single node VictoriaMetrics or vmselect endpoint. Required parameter. "+
+		"Supports address in the form of IP address with a port (e.g., 127.0.0.1:8428) or DNS SRV record. "+
+		"See also -remoteRead.disablePathAppend and -datasource.showURL")
 	appendTypePrefix  = flag.Bool("datasource.appendTypePrefix", false, "Whether to add type prefix to -datasource.url based on the query type. Set to true if sending different query types to the vmselect URL.")
 	showDatasourceURL = flag.Bool("datasource.showURL", false, "Whether to avoid stripping sensitive information such as auth headers or passwords from URLs in log messages or UI and exported metrics. "+
 		"It is hidden by default, since it can contain sensitive info such as auth key")
@@ -56,9 +57,10 @@ var (
 		`Whether to align "time" parameter with evaluation interval. `+
 		"Alignment supposed to produce deterministic results despite number of vmalert replicas or time they were started. "+
 		"See more details at https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/1257")
-	maxIdleConnections = flag.Int("datasource.maxIdleConnections", 100, `Defines the number of idle (keep-alive connections) to each configured datasource. Consider setting this value equal to the value: groups_total * group.concurrency. Too low a value may result in a high number of sockets in TIME_WAIT state.`)
-	disableKeepAlive   = flag.Bool("datasource.disableKeepAlive", false, `Whether to disable long-lived connections to the datasource. `+
-		`If true, disables HTTP keep-alives and will only use the connection to the server for a single HTTP request.`)
+	maxIdleConnections    = flag.Int("datasource.maxIdleConnections", 100, `Defines the number of idle (keep-alive connections) to each configured datasource. Consider setting this value equal to the value: groups_total * group.concurrency. Too low a value may result in a high number of sockets in TIME_WAIT state.`)
+	idleConnectionTimeout = flag.Duration("datasource.idleConnTimeout", 50*time.Second, `Defines a duration for idle (keep-alive connections) to exist. Consider setting this value less than "-http.idleConnTimeout". It must prevent possible "write: broken pipe" and "read: connection reset by peer" errors.`)
+	disableKeepAlive      = flag.Bool("datasource.disableKeepAlive", false, `Whether to disable long-lived connections to the datasource. `+
+		`If true, disables HTTP keep-alive and will only use the connection to the server for a single HTTP request.`)
 	roundDigits = flag.Int("datasource.roundDigits", 0, `Adds "round_digits" GET param to datasource requests. `+
 		`In VM "round_digits" limits the number of digits after the decimal point in response values.`)
 )
@@ -98,11 +100,13 @@ func Init(extraParams url.Values) (QuerierBuilder, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create transport: %w", err)
 	}
+	tr.DialContext = httputils.GetStatDialFunc("vmalert_datasource")
 	tr.DisableKeepAlives = *disableKeepAlive
 	tr.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = *maxIdleConnections
 	if tr.MaxIdleConns != 0 && tr.MaxIdleConns < tr.MaxIdleConnsPerHost {
 		tr.MaxIdleConns = tr.MaxIdleConnsPerHost
 	}
+	tr.IdleConnTimeout = *idleConnectionTimeout
 
 	if extraParams == nil {
 		extraParams = url.Values{}

app/vmalert/datasource/vm.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/netutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promauth"
 )
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ func (s *VMStorage) Query(ctx context.Context, query string, ts time.Time) (Resu
 	}
 	resp, err := s.do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && !errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+		if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && !errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) && !netutil.IsTrivialNetworkError(err) {
 			// Return unexpected error to the caller.
 			return Result{}, nil, err
 		}
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ func (s *VMStorage) QueryRange(ctx context.Context, query string, start, end tim
 	}
 	resp, err := s.do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && !errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+		if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && !errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) && !netutil.IsTrivialNetworkError(err) {
 			// Return unexpected error to the caller.
 			return res, err
 		}

app/vmalert/datasource/vm_prom_api.go

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
+
+	"github.com/valyala/fastjson"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -31,27 +35,85 @@ type promResponse struct {
 	} `json:"stats,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// see https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/#instant-queries
 type promInstant struct {
-	Result []struct {
-		Labels map[string]string `json:"metric"`
-		TV     [2]interface{}    `json:"value"`
-	} `json:"result"`
+	// ms is populated after Unmarshal call
+	ms []Metric
 }
 
-func (r promInstant) metrics() ([]Metric, error) {
-	result := make([]Metric, len(r.Result))
-	for i, res := range r.Result {
-		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(res.TV[1].(string), 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("metric %v, unable to parse float64 from %s: %w", res, res.TV[1], err)
-		}
-		var m Metric
-		m.SetLabels(res.Labels)
-		m.Timestamps = append(m.Timestamps, int64(res.TV[0].(float64)))
-		m.Values = append(m.Values, f)
-		result[i] = m
+// metrics returned parsed Metric slice
+// Must be called only after Unmarshal
+func (pi *promInstant) metrics() ([]Metric, error) {
+	return pi.ms, nil
+}
+
+var jsonParserPool fastjson.ParserPool
+
+// Unmarshal unmarshals the given byte slice into promInstant
+// It is using fastjson to reduce number of allocations compared to
+// standard json.Unmarshal function.
+// Response example:
+//
+//	[{"metric":{"__name__":"up","job":"prometheus"},value": [ 1435781451.781,"1"]},
+//	{"metric":{"__name__":"up","job":"node"},value": [ 1435781451.781,"0"]}]
+func (pi *promInstant) Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	p := jsonParserPool.Get()
+	defer jsonParserPool.Put(p)
+
+	v, err := p.ParseBytes(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	return result, nil
+
+	rows, err := v.Array()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot find the top-level array of result objects: %w", err)
+	}
+	pi.ms = make([]Metric, len(rows))
+	for i, row := range rows {
+		metric := row.Get("metric")
+		if metric == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't find `metric` object in %q", row)
+		}
+		labels := metric.GetObject()
+
+		r := &pi.ms[i]
+		r.Labels = make([]Label, 0, labels.Len())
+		labels.Visit(func(key []byte, v *fastjson.Value) {
+			lv, errLocal := v.StringBytes()
+			if errLocal != nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("error when parsing label value %q: %s", v, errLocal)
+				return
+			}
+			r.Labels = append(r.Labels, Label{
+				Name:  string(key),
+				Value: string(lv),
+			})
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error when parsing `metric` object in %q: %w", row, err)
+		}
+
+		value := row.Get("value")
+		if value == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't find `value` object in %q", row)
+		}
+		sample := value.GetArray()
+		if len(sample) != 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("object `value` in %q should contain 2 values, but contains %d instead", row, len(sample))
+		}
+		r.Timestamps = []int64{sample[0].GetInt64()}
+		val, err := sample[1].StringBytes()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error when parsing `value` object %q: %s", sample[1], err)
+		}
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val), 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error when parsing float64 from %s in %q: %w", sample[1], row, err)
+		}
+		r.Values = []float64{f}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 type promRange struct {
@@ -118,7 +180,7 @@ func parsePrometheusResponse(req *http.Request, resp *http.Response) (res Result
 	switch r.Data.ResultType {
 	case rtVector:
 		var pi promInstant
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(r.Data.Result, &pi.Result); err != nil {
+		if err := pi.Unmarshal(r.Data.Result); err != nil {
 			return res, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal err %w; \n %#v", err, string(r.Data.Result))
 		}
 		parseFn = pi.metrics

app/vmalert/datasource/vm_prom_api_test.go

@@ -1,20 +1,73 @@
 package datasource
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func BenchmarkMetrics(b *testing.B) {
-	payload := []byte(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_rows"},"value":[1583786142,"13763"]},{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_requests", "foo":"bar", "baz": "qux"},"value":[1583786140,"2000"]}]`)
-
-	var pi promInstant
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &pi.Result); err != nil {
-		b.Fatalf(err.Error())
-	}
-	b.Run("Instant", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			_, _ = pi.metrics()
+func TestPromInstant_UnmarshalPositive(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string, exp []Metric) {
+		t.Helper()
+		var pi promInstant
+		err := pi.Unmarshal([]byte(data))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected unmarshal err %v; \n %v", err, string(data))
 		}
+		got, _ := pi.metrics()
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, exp) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected to get:\n%v\ngot instead:\n%v", exp, got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"up"},"value":[1583780000,"42"]}]`, []Metric{
+		{
+			Labels:     []Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "up"}},
+			Timestamps: []int64{1583780000},
+			Values:     []float64{42},
+		},
+	})
+	f(`[
+{"metric":{"__name__":"up"},"value":[1583780000,"42"]},
+{"metric":{"__name__":"foo"},"value":[1583780001,"7"]},
+{"metric":{"__name__":"baz", "instance":"bar"},"value":[1583780002,"8"]}]`, []Metric{
+		{
+			Labels:     []Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "up"}},
+			Timestamps: []int64{1583780000},
+			Values:     []float64{42},
+		},
+		{
+			Labels:     []Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "foo"}},
+			Timestamps: []int64{1583780001},
+			Values:     []float64{7},
+		},
+		{
+			Labels:     []Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "baz"}, {Name: "instance", Value: "bar"}},
+			Timestamps: []int64{1583780002},
+			Values:     []float64{8},
+		},
 	})
 }
+
+func TestPromInstant_UnmarshalNegative(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(data string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		var pi promInstant
+		err := pi.Unmarshal([]byte(data))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected to get an error; got nil instead")
+		}
+	}
+	f(``)
+	f(`foo`)
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"up"},"value":[1583780000,"42"]},`)
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__"},"value":[1583780000,"42"]},`)
+	// no `metric` object
+	f(`[{"value":[1583780000,"42"]}]`)
+	// no `value` object
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"up"}}]`)
+	// less than 2 values in `value` object
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"up"},"value":["42"]}]`)
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"up"},"value":[1583780000]}]`)
+	// non-numeric sample value
+	f(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"up"},"value":[1583780000,"foo"]}]`)
+}

app/vmalert/datasource/vm_prom_api_timing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package datasource
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkMetrics(b *testing.B) {
+	payload := []byte(`[{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_rows"},"value":[1583786142,"13763"]},{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_requests", "foo":"bar", "baz": "qux"},"value":[1583786140,"2000"]}]`)
+
+	var pi promInstant
+	if err := pi.Unmarshal(payload); err != nil {
+		b.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	b.Run("Instant", func(b *testing.B) {
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, _ = pi.metrics()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkParsePrometheusResponse(b *testing.B) {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "", nil)
+	resp := &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/instant_response.json")
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatalf("error while reading file: %s", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data))
+
+	b.Run("Instant", func(b *testing.B) {
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, err := parsePrometheusResponse(req, resp)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatalf("unexpected parse err: %s", err)
+			}
+			resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data))
+		}
+	})
+}

app/vmalert/main.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Enterprise version of vmalert supports S3 and GCS paths to rules.
 For example: gs://bucket/path/to/rules, s3://bucket/path/to/rules
 S3 and GCS paths support only matching by prefix, e.g. s3://bucket/dir/rule_ matches
 all files with prefix rule_ in folder dir.
-See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert.html#reading-rules-from-object-storage
+See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/#reading-rules-from-object-storage
 `)
 
 	ruleTemplatesPath = flagutil.NewArrayString("rule.templates", `Path or glob pattern to location with go template definitions `+
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ absolute path to all .tpl files in root.
 	externalURL         = flag.String("external.url", "", "External URL is used as alert's source for sent alerts to the notifier. By default, hostname is used as address.")
 	externalAlertSource = flag.String("external.alert.source", "", `External Alert Source allows to override the Source link for alerts sent to AlertManager `+
 		`for cases where you want to build a custom link to Grafana, Prometheus or any other service. `+
-		`Supports templating - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert.html#templating . `+
-		`For example, link to Grafana: -external.alert.source='explore?orgId=1&left={"datasource":"VictoriaMetrics","queries":[{"expr":{{$expr|jsonEscape|queryEscape}},"refId":"A"}],"range":{"from":"now-1h","to":"now"}}'. `+
+		`Supports templating - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/#templating . `+
+		`For example, link to Grafana: -external.alert.source='explore?orgId=1&left={"datasource":"VictoriaMetrics","queries":[{"expr":{{.Expr|jsonEscape|queryEscape}},"refId":"A"}],"range":{"from":"now-1h","to":"now"}}'. `+
 		`Link to VMUI: -external.alert.source='vmui/#/?g0.expr={{.Expr|queryEscape}}'. `+
 		`If empty 'vmalert/alert?group_id={{.GroupID}}&alert_id={{.AlertID}}' is used.`)
 	externalLabels = flagutil.NewArrayString("external.label", "Optional label in the form 'Name=value' to add to all generated recording rules and alerts. "+
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func main() {
 		validateTplFn = notifier.ValidateTemplates
 	}
 
-	if *replayFrom != "" || *replayTo != "" {
+	if *replayFrom != "" {
 		rw, err := remotewrite.Init(context.Background())
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Fatalf("failed to init remoteWrite: %s", err)
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ func main() {
 		if err := replay(groupsCfg, q, rw); err != nil {
 			logger.Fatalf("replay failed: %s", err)
 		}
+		logger.Infof("replay succeed!")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ func usage() {
 	const s = `
 vmalert processes alerts and recording rules.
 
-See the docs at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert.html .
+See the docs at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/ .
 `
 	flagutil.Usage(s)
 }

app/vmalert/multiarch/Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # See https://medium.com/on-docker/use-multi-stage-builds-to-inject-ca-certs-ad1e8f01de1b
 ARG certs_image
 ARG root_image
-FROM $certs_image as certs
+FROM $certs_image AS certs
 RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --update --no-cache add ca-certificates
 
 FROM $root_image

app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager.go

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func NewAlertManager(alertManagerURL string, fn AlertURLGenerator, authCfg proma
 	aCfg, err := utils.AuthConfig(
 		utils.WithBasicAuth(ba.Username, ba.Password.String(), ba.PasswordFile),
 		utils.WithBearer(authCfg.BearerToken.String(), authCfg.BearerTokenFile),
-		utils.WithOAuth(oauth.ClientID, oauth.ClientSecretFile, oauth.ClientSecretFile, oauth.TokenURL, strings.Join(oauth.Scopes, ";"), oauth.EndpointParams))
+		utils.WithOAuth(oauth.ClientID, oauth.ClientSecret.String(), oauth.ClientSecretFile, oauth.TokenURL, strings.Join(oauth.Scopes, ";"), oauth.EndpointParams))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure auth: %w", err)
 	}

app/vmalert/remoteread/init.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/utils"
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ var (
 	addr = flag.String("remoteRead.url", "", "Optional URL to datasource compatible with Prometheus HTTP API. It can be single node VictoriaMetrics or vmselect."+
 		"Remote read is used to restore alerts state."+
 		"This configuration makes sense only if `vmalert` was configured with `remoteWrite.url` before and has been successfully persisted its state. "+
-		"E.g. http://127.0.0.1:8428. See also '-remoteRead.disablePathAppend', '-remoteRead.showURL'.")
+		"Supports address in the form of IP address with a port (e.g., 127.0.0.1:8428) or DNS SRV record. "+
+		"See also '-remoteRead.disablePathAppend', '-remoteRead.showURL'.")
 
 	showRemoteReadURL = flag.Bool("remoteRead.showURL", false, "Whether to show -remoteRead.url in the exported metrics. "+
 		"It is hidden by default, since it can contain sensitive info such as auth key")
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@ var (
 	bearerToken     = flag.String("remoteRead.bearerToken", "", "Optional bearer auth token to use for -remoteRead.url.")
 	bearerTokenFile = flag.String("remoteRead.bearerTokenFile", "", "Optional path to bearer token file to use for -remoteRead.url.")
 
+	idleConnectionTimeout = flag.Duration("remoteRead.idleConnTimeout", 50*time.Second, `Defines a duration for idle (keep-alive connections) to exist. Consider settings this value less to the value of "-http.idleConnTimeout". It must prevent possible "write: broken pipe" and "read: connection reset by peer" errors.`)
+
 	tlsInsecureSkipVerify = flag.Bool("remoteRead.tlsInsecureSkipVerify", false, "Whether to skip tls verification when connecting to -remoteRead.url")
 	tlsCertFile           = flag.String("remoteRead.tlsCertFile", "", "Optional path to client-side TLS certificate file to use when connecting to -remoteRead.url")
 	tlsKeyFile            = flag.String("remoteRead.tlsKeyFile", "", "Optional path to client-side TLS certificate key to use when connecting to -remoteRead.url")
@@ -65,6 +69,8 @@ func Init() (datasource.QuerierBuilder, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create transport: %w", err)
 	}
+	tr.IdleConnTimeout = *idleConnectionTimeout
+	tr.DialContext = httputils.GetStatDialFunc("vmalert_remoteread")
 
 	endpointParams, err := flagutil.ParseJSONMap(*oauth2EndpointParams)
 	if err != nil {

app/vmalert/remotewrite/client.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/netutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promauth"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
@@ -211,6 +212,9 @@ var (
 	})
 )
 
+// GetDroppedRows returns value of droppedRows metric
+func GetDroppedRows() int64 { return int64(droppedRows.Get()) }
+
 // flush is a blocking function that marshals WriteRequest and sends
 // it to remote-write endpoint. Flush performs limited amount of retries
 // if request fails.
@@ -235,7 +239,7 @@ func (c *Client) flush(ctx context.Context, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest) {
 L:
 	for attempts := 0; ; attempts++ {
 		err := c.send(ctx, b)
-		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		if err != nil && (errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || netutil.IsTrivialNetworkError(err)) {
 			// Something in the middle between client and destination might be closing
 			// the connection. So we do a one more attempt in hope request will succeed.
 			err = c.send(ctx, b)

app/vmalert/remotewrite/init.go

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ import (
 
 var (
 	addr = flag.String("remoteWrite.url", "", "Optional URL to VictoriaMetrics or vminsert where to persist alerts state "+
-		"and recording rules results in form of timeseries. For example, if -remoteWrite.url=http://127.0.0.1:8428 is specified, "+
+		"and recording rules results in form of timeseries. "+
+		"Supports address in the form of IP address with a port (e.g., 127.0.0.1:8428) or DNS SRV record. "+
+		"For example, if -remoteWrite.url=http://127.0.0.1:8428 is specified, "+
 		"then the alerts state will be written to http://127.0.0.1:8428/api/v1/write . See also -remoteWrite.disablePathAppend, '-remoteWrite.showURL'.")
 	showRemoteWriteURL = flag.Bool("remoteWrite.showURL", false, "Whether to show -remoteWrite.url in the exported metrics. "+
 		"It is hidden by default, since it can contain sensitive info such as auth key")
@@ -29,6 +31,8 @@ var (
 	bearerToken     = flag.String("remoteWrite.bearerToken", "", "Optional bearer auth token to use for -remoteWrite.url.")
 	bearerTokenFile = flag.String("remoteWrite.bearerTokenFile", "", "Optional path to bearer token file to use for -remoteWrite.url.")
 
+	idleConnectionTimeout = flag.Duration("remoteWrite.idleConnTimeout", 50*time.Second, `Defines a duration for idle (keep-alive connections) to exist. Consider settings this value less to the value of "-http.idleConnTimeout". It must prevent possible "write: broken pipe" and "read: connection reset by peer" errors.`)
+
 	maxQueueSize  = flag.Int("remoteWrite.maxQueueSize", 1e5, "Defines the max number of pending datapoints to remote write endpoint")
 	maxBatchSize  = flag.Int("remoteWrite.maxBatchSize", 1e3, "Defines max number of timeseries to be flushed at once")
 	concurrency   = flag.Int("remoteWrite.concurrency", 1, "Defines number of writers for concurrent writing into remote write endpoint")
@@ -69,6 +73,8 @@ func Init(ctx context.Context) (*Client, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create transport: %w", err)
 	}
+	t.IdleConnTimeout = *idleConnectionTimeout
+	t.DialContext = httputils.GetStatDialFunc("vmalert_remotewrite")
 
 	endpointParams, err := flagutil.ParseJSONMap(*oauth2EndpointParams)
 	if err != nil {

app/vmalert/replay.go

@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ import (
 
 var (
 	replayFrom = flag.String("replay.timeFrom", "",
-		"The time filter in RFC3339 format to select time series with timestamp equal or higher than provided value. E.g. '2020-01-01T20:07:00Z'")
+		"The time filter in RFC3339 format to start the replay from. E.g. '2020-01-01T20:07:00Z'")
 	replayTo = flag.String("replay.timeTo", "",
-		"The time filter in RFC3339 format to select timeseries with timestamp equal or lower than provided value. E.g. '2020-01-01T20:07:00Z'")
+		"The time filter in RFC3339 format to finish the replay by. E.g. '2020-01-01T20:07:00Z'. "+
+			"By default, is set to the current time.")
 	replayRulesDelay = flag.Duration("replay.rulesDelay", time.Second,
 		"Delay between rules evaluation within the group. Could be important if there are chained rules inside the group "+
 			"and processing need to wait for previous rule results to be persisted by remote storage before evaluating the next rule."+
@@ -36,14 +37,20 @@ func replay(groupsCfg []config.Group, qb datasource.QuerierBuilder, rw remotewri
 	}
 	tFrom, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, *replayFrom)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse %q: %w", *replayFrom, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse replay.timeFrom=%q: %w", *replayFrom, err)
 	}
-	tTo, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, *replayTo)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse %q: %w", *replayTo, err)
+
+	// use tFrom location for default value, otherwise filters could have different locations
+	tTo := time.Now().In(tFrom.Location())
+	if *replayTo != "" {
+		tTo, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, *replayTo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse replay.timeTo=%q: %w", *replayTo, err)
+		}
 	}
+
 	if !tTo.After(tFrom) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("replay.timeTo must be bigger than replay.timeFrom")
+		return fmt.Errorf("replay.timeTo=%v must be bigger than replay.timeFrom=%v", tTo, tFrom)
 	}
 	labels := make(map[string]string)
 	for _, s := range *externalLabels {
@@ -68,9 +75,13 @@ func replay(groupsCfg []config.Group, qb datasource.QuerierBuilder, rw remotewri
 		ng := rule.NewGroup(cfg, qb, *evaluationInterval, labels)
 		total += ng.Replay(tFrom, tTo, rw, *replayMaxDatapoints, *replayRuleRetryAttempts, *replayRulesDelay, *disableProgressBar)
 	}
-	logger.Infof("replay finished! Imported %d samples", total)
-	if rw != nil {
-		return rw.Close()
+	logger.Infof("replay evaluation finished, generated %d samples", total)
+	if err := rw.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	droppedRows := remotewrite.GetDroppedRows()
+	if droppedRows > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to push all generated samples to remote write url, dropped %d samples out of %d", droppedRows, total)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

app/vmalert/replay_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/config"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/remotewrite"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
 )
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ func TestReplay(t *testing.T) {
 			*replayFrom = tc.from
 			*replayTo = tc.to
 			*replayMaxDatapoints = tc.maxDP
-			if err := replay(tc.cfg, tc.qb, nil); err != nil {
+			if err := replay(tc.cfg, tc.qb, &remotewrite.DebugClient{}); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("replay failed: %s", err)
 			}
 			if len(tc.qb.registry) > 0 {