Merge branch 'master' into improve-template

- url encoding / decoding with <urlencode:field> and <urldecode:field>
- base64 encoding / decoding with <base64encode:field> and <base64decode:field>
- hex encoding / decoding with <hexencode:field> and <hexdecode:field>
- hex encoding for integers with <hexnumencode:field> and <hexnumdecode:field>

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.scenario }}-
 
       - name: Run tests
-        run: make ${{ matrix.scenario}}
+        run: GOGC=10 make ${{ matrix.scenario}}
 
       - name: Publish coverage
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5

LICENSE

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
 
    END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
 
-   Copyright 2019-2024 VictoriaMetrics, Inc.
+   Copyright 2019-2025 VictoriaMetrics, Inc.
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 # VictoriaMetrics
 
-[![Latest Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest)
-[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/victoriametrics/victoria-metrics.svg?maxAge=604800)](https://hub.docker.com/r/victoriametrics/victoria-metrics)
-[![Slack](https://img.shields.io/badge/join%20slack-%23victoriametrics-brightgreen.svg)](https://slack.victoriametrics.com/)
-[![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics.svg)](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/LICENSE)
-[![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics)
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/workflows/main/badge.svg)](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/actions)
-[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics)
+![Latest Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics?sort=semver&label=&filter=!*-victorialogs&logo=github&labelColor=gray&color=gray&link=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FVictoriaMetrics%2FVictoriaMetrics%2Freleases%2Flatest)
+![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/victoriametrics/victoria-metrics?label=&logo=docker&logoColor=white&labelColor=2496ED&color=2496ED&link=https%3A%2F%2Fhub.docker.com%2Fr%2Fvictoriametrics%2Fvictoria-metrics)
+![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics?link=https%3A%2F%2Fgoreportcard.com%2Freport%2Fgithub.com%2FVictoriaMetrics%2FVictoriaMetrics)
+![Build Status](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/workflows/main/badge.svg?link=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FVictoriaMetrics%2FVictoriaMetrics%2Factions)
+![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?link=https%3A%2F%2Fcodecov.io%2Fgh%2FVictoriaMetrics%2FVictoriaMetrics)
+![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics?labelColor=green&label=&link=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FVictoriaMetrics%2FVictoriaMetrics%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FLICENSE)
+![Slack](https://img.shields.io/badge/Join-4A154B?logo=slack&link=https%3A%2F%2Fslack.victoriametrics.com)
+![X](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/VictoriaMetrics?style=flat&label=Follow&color=black&logo=x&labelColor=black&link=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FVictoriaMetrics)
+![Reddit](https://img.shields.io/reddit/subreddit-subscribers/VictoriaMetrics?style=flat&label=Join&labelColor=red&logoColor=white&logo=reddit&link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FVictoriaMetrics)
 
 <picture>
   <source srcset="docs/logo_white.webp" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)">

app/victoria-metrics/main.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmselect/promql"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/buildinfo"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/cgroup"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/envflag"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
@@ -39,9 +40,24 @@ var (
 		"The saved data survives unclean shutdowns such as OOM crash, hardware reset, SIGKILL, etc. "+
 		"Bigger intervals may help increase the lifetime of flash storage with limited write cycles (e.g. Raspberry PI). "+
 		"Smaller intervals increase disk IO load. Minimum supported value is 1s")
+	maxIngestionRate = flag.Int("maxIngestionRate", 0, "The maximum number of samples vmsingle can receive per second. Data ingestion is paused when the limit is exceeded. "+
+		"By default there are no limits on samples ingestion rate.")
+	finalDedupScheduleInterval = flag.Duration("storage.finalDedupScheduleCheckInterval", time.Hour, "The interval for checking when final deduplication process should be started."+
+		"Storage unconditionally adds 25% jitter to the interval value on each check evaluation."+
+		" Changing the interval to the bigger values may delay downsampling, deduplication for historical data."+
+		" See also https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#deduplication")
 )
 
 func main() {
+	// VictoriaMetrics is optimized for reduced memory allocations,
+	// so it can run with the reduced GOGC in order to reduce the used memory,
+	// while keeping CPU usage spent in GC at low levels.
+	//
+	// Some workloads may need increased GOGC values. Then such values can be set via GOGC environment variable.
+	// It is recommended increasing GOGC if go_memstats_gc_cpu_fraction metric exposed at /metrics page
+	// exceeds 0.05 for extended periods of time.
+	cgroup.SetGOGC(30)
+
 	// Write flags and help message to stdout, since it is easier to grep or pipe.
 	flag.CommandLine.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
 	flag.Usage = usage
@@ -74,8 +90,13 @@ func main() {
 	startTime := time.Now()
 	storage.SetDedupInterval(*minScrapeInterval)
 	storage.SetDataFlushInterval(*inmemoryDataFlushInterval)
+	if *finalDedupScheduleInterval < time.Hour {
+		logger.Fatalf("-dedup.finalDedupScheduleCheckInterval cannot be smaller than 1 hour; got %s", *finalDedupScheduleInterval)
+	}
+	storage.SetFinalDedupScheduleInterval(*finalDedupScheduleInterval)
 	vmstorage.Init(promql.ResetRollupResultCacheIfNeeded)
 	vmselect.Init()
+	vminsertcommon.StartIngestionRateLimiter(*maxIngestionRate)
 	vminsert.Init()
 
 	startSelfScraper()
@@ -97,6 +118,7 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	logger.Infof("successfully shut down the webservice in %.3f seconds", time.Since(startTime).Seconds())
 	vminsert.Stop()
+	vminsertcommon.StopIngestionRateLimiter()
 
 	vmstorage.Stop()
 	vmselect.Stop()

app/victoria-metrics/self_scraper.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/prometheus"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeserieslimits"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -68,6 +69,10 @@ func selfScraper(scrapeInterval time.Duration) {
 				t := &r.Tags[j]
 				labels = addLabel(labels, t.Key, t.Value)
 			}
+			if timeserieslimits.IsExceeding(labels) {
+				// Skip metric with exceeding labels.
+				continue
+			}
 			if len(mrs) < cap(mrs) {
 				mrs = mrs[:len(mrs)+1]
 			} else {

app/vlinsert/datadog/datadog.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlinsert/insertutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logstorage"
@@ -21,6 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/writeconcurrencylimiter"
 )
 
+var (
+	datadogStreamFields = flagutil.NewArrayString("datadog.streamFields", "Datadog tags to be used as stream fields.")
+	datadogIgnoreFields = flagutil.NewArrayString("datadog.ignoreFields", "Datadog tags to ignore.")
+)
+
 var parserPool fastjson.ParserPool
 
 // RequestHandler processes Datadog insert requests
@@ -79,6 +85,13 @@ func datadogLogsIngestion(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
+	if len(cp.StreamFields) == 0 {
+		cp.StreamFields = *datadogStreamFields
+	}
+	if len(cp.IgnoreFields) == 0 {
+		cp.IgnoreFields = *datadogIgnoreFields
+	}
+
 	if err := vlstorage.CanWriteData(); err != nil {
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 		return true
@@ -105,6 +118,70 @@ var (
 	v2LogsRequestDuration = metrics.NewHistogram(`vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/datadog/api/v2/logs"}`)
 )
 
+// datadog message field has two formats:
+//   - regular log message with string text
+//   - nested json format for serverless plugins
+//     which has folowing format:
+//     {"message": {"message": "text","lamdba": {"arn": "string","requestID": "string"}, "timestamp": int64} }
+//
+// See https://github.com/DataDog/datadog-lambda-extension/blob/28b90c7e4e985b72d60b5f5a5147c69c7ac693c4/bottlecap/src/logs/lambda/mod.rs#L24
+func appendMsgFields(fields []logstorage.Field, v *fastjson.Value) ([]logstorage.Field, error) {
+	switch v.Type() {
+	case fastjson.TypeString:
+		val := v.GetStringBytes()
+		fields = append(fields, logstorage.Field{
+			Name:  "_msg",
+			Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val),
+		})
+	case fastjson.TypeObject:
+		var firstErr error
+		v.GetObject().Visit(func(k []byte, v *fastjson.Value) {
+			if firstErr != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			switch bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(k) {
+			case "message":
+				val := v.GetStringBytes()
+				fields = append(fields, logstorage.Field{
+					Name:  "_msg",
+					Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val),
+				})
+			case "status":
+				val := v.GetStringBytes()
+				fields = append(fields, logstorage.Field{
+					Name:  "status",
+					Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val),
+				})
+			case "lamdba":
+				obj, err := v.Object()
+				if err != nil {
+					firstErr = err
+					firstErr = fmt.Errorf("unexpected lambda value type for %q:%q; want object", k, v)
+					return
+				}
+				obj.Visit(func(k []byte, v *fastjson.Value) {
+					if firstErr != nil {
+						return
+					}
+					val, err := v.StringBytes()
+					if err != nil {
+						firstErr = fmt.Errorf("unexpected lambda label value type for %q:%q; want string", k, v)
+						return
+					}
+					fields = append(fields, logstorage.Field{
+						Name:  bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(k),
+						Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val),
+					})
+				})
+
+			}
+		})
+	default:
+		return fields, fmt.Errorf("unsupported message type %q", v.Type().String())
+	}
+	return fields, nil
+}
+
 // readLogsRequest parses data according to DataDog logs format
 // https://docs.datadoghq.com/api/latest/logs/#send-logs
 func readLogsRequest(ts int64, data []byte, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor) error {
@@ -129,19 +206,27 @@ func readLogsRequest(ts int64, data []byte, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor)
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
-			val, e := v.StringBytes()
-			if e != nil {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("unexpected label value type for %q:%q; want string", k, v)
-				return
-			}
-			switch string(k) {
+			switch bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(k) {
 			case "message":
-				fields = append(fields, logstorage.Field{
-					Name:  "_msg",
-					Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val),
-				})
+				fields, err = appendMsgFields(fields, v)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			case "timestamp":
+				val, e := v.Int64()
+				if e != nil {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse timestamp for %q:%q", k, v)
+				}
+				if val > 0 {
+					ts = val * 1e6
+				}
 			case "ddtags":
 				// https://docs.datadoghq.com/getting_started/tagging/
+				val, e := v.StringBytes()
+				if e != nil {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("unexpected label value type for %q:%q; want string", k, v)
+					return
+				}
 				var pair []byte
 				idx := 0
 				for idx >= 0 {
@@ -168,12 +253,20 @@ func readLogsRequest(ts int64, data []byte, lmp insertutils.LogMessageProcessor)
 					}
 				}
 			default:
+				val, e := v.StringBytes()
+				if e != nil {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("unexpected label value type for %q:%q; want string", k, v)
+					return
+				}
 				fields = append(fields, logstorage.Field{
 					Name:  bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(k),
 					Value: bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(val),
 				})
 			}
 		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		lmp.AddRow(ts, fields, nil)
 		fields = fields[:0]
 	}

app/vlinsert/datadog/datadog_test.go

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ func TestReadLogsRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 			"hostname":"127.0.0.1",
 			"message":"bar",
 			"service":"test"
+		}, {
+			"ddsource":"nginx",
+                        "ddtags":"tag1:value1,tag2:value2",
+                        "hostname":"127.0.0.1",
+                        "message":{"message": "nested"},
+                        "service":"test"
 		}, {
 			"ddsource":"nginx",
 			"ddtags":"tag1:value1,tag2:value2",
@@ -86,8 +92,9 @@ func TestReadLogsRequestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
                         "service":"test"
 		}
 	]`
-	rowsExpected := 6
+	rowsExpected := 7
 	resultExpected := `{"ddsource":"nginx","tag1":"value1","tag2":"value2","hostname":"127.0.0.1","_msg":"bar","service":"test"}
+{"ddsource":"nginx","tag1":"value1","tag2":"value2","hostname":"127.0.0.1","_msg":"nested","service":"test"}
 {"ddsource":"nginx","tag1":"value1","tag2":"value2","hostname":"127.0.0.1","_msg":"foobar","service":"test"}
 {"ddsource":"nginx","tag1":"value1","tag2":"value2","hostname":"127.0.0.1","_msg":"baz","service":"test"}
 {"ddsource":"nginx","tag1":"value1","tag2":"value2","hostname":"127.0.0.1","_msg":"xyz","service":"test"}

app/vlinsert/insertutils/line_reader.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 // LineReader reads newline-delimited lines from the underlying reader
 type LineReader struct {
 	// Line contains the next line read after the call to NextLine
+	//
+	// The Line contents is valid until the next call to NextLine.
 	Line []byte
 
 	// name is the LineReader name
@@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ type LineReader struct {
 	// buf is a buffer for reading the next line
 	buf []byte
 
+	// bufOffset is the offset at buf to read the next line from
+	bufOffset int
+
 	// err is the last error when reading data from r
 	err error
 
@@ -51,26 +56,27 @@ func NewLineReader(name string, r io.Reader) *LineReader {
 // Check for Err in this case.
 func (lr *LineReader) NextLine() bool {
 	for {
-		if len(lr.buf) == 0 {
+		if lr.bufOffset >= len(lr.buf) {
 			if lr.err != nil || lr.eofReached {
 				return false
 			}
 			if !lr.readMoreData() {
 				return false
 			}
-			if len(lr.buf) == 0 && lr.eofReached {
+			if lr.bufOffset >= len(lr.buf) && lr.eofReached {
 				return false
 			}
 		}
 
-		if n := bytes.IndexByte(lr.buf, '\n'); n >= 0 {
-			lr.Line = append(lr.Line[:0], lr.buf[:n]...)
-			lr.buf = append(lr.buf[:0], lr.buf[n+1:]...)
+		buf := lr.buf[lr.bufOffset:]
+		if n := bytes.IndexByte(buf, '\n'); n >= 0 {
+			lr.Line = buf[:n]
+			lr.bufOffset += n + 1
 			return true
 		}
 		if lr.eofReached {
-			lr.Line = append(lr.Line[:0], lr.buf...)
-			lr.buf = lr.buf[:0]
+			lr.Line = buf
+			lr.bufOffset += len(buf)
 			return true
 		}
 		if !lr.readMoreData() {
@@ -88,6 +94,11 @@ func (lr *LineReader) Err() error {
 }
 
 func (lr *LineReader) readMoreData() bool {
+	if lr.bufOffset > 0 {
+		lr.buf = append(lr.buf[:0], lr.buf[lr.bufOffset:]...)
+		lr.bufOffset = 0
+	}
+
 	bufLen := len(lr.buf)
 	if bufLen >= MaxLineSizeBytes.IntN() {
 		logger.Warnf("%s: the line length exceeds -insert.maxLineSizeBytes=%d; skipping it; line contents=%q", lr.name, MaxLineSizeBytes.IntN(), lr.buf)

app/vlinsert/main.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package vlinsert
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -34,9 +35,15 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/insert")
 	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, "//", "/")
 
-	if path == "/jsonline" {
+	switch path {
+	case "/jsonline":
 		jsonline.RequestHandler(w, r)
 		return true
+	case "/ready":
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(200)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"status":"ok"}`)
+		return true
 	}
 	switch {
 	case strings.HasPrefix(path, "/elasticsearch/"):

app/vlogsgenerator/main.go

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ var (
 		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
 	u64FieldsPerLog = flag.Int("u64FieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with uint64 values to generate per each log entry; "+
 		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
+	i64FieldsPerLog = flag.Int("i64FieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with int64 values to generate per each log entry; "+
+		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
 	floatFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("floatFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with float64 values to generate per each log entry; "+
 		"see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model")
 	ipFieldsPerLog = flag.Int("ipFieldsPerLog", 1, "The number of fields with IPv4 values to generate per each log entry; "+
@@ -254,6 +256,9 @@ func generateLogsAtTimestamp(bw *bufio.Writer, workerID int, ts int64, firstStre
 		for j := 0; j < *u64FieldsPerLog; j++ {
 			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"u64_%d":"%d"`, j, rand.Uint64())
 		}
+		for j := 0; j < *i64FieldsPerLog; j++ {
+			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"i64_%d":"%d"`, j, int64(rand.Uint64()))
+		}
 		for j := 0; j < *floatFieldsPerLog; j++ {
 			fmt.Fprintf(bw, `,"float_%d":"%v"`, j, math.Round(10_000*rand.Float64())/1000)
 		}

app/vlselect/logsql/logsql.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+	"github.com/valyala/fastjson"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vlstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
@@ -48,9 +50,10 @@ func ProcessFacetsRequest(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
 		return
 	}
+	keepConstFields := httputils.GetBool(r, "keep_const_fields")
 
 	q.DropAllPipes()
-	q.AddFacetsPipe(limit, maxValuesPerField, maxValueLen)
+	q.AddFacetsPipe(limit, maxValuesPerField, maxValueLen, keepConstFields)
 
 	var mLock sync.Mutex
 	m := make(map[string][]facetEntry)
@@ -1092,18 +1095,20 @@ func parseCommonArgs(r *http.Request) (*logstorage.Query, []logstorage.TenantID,
 	}
 
 	// Parse optional extra_filters
-	extraFilters, err := getExtraFilters(r, "extra_filters")
+	extraFiltersStr := r.FormValue("extra_filters")
+	extraFilters, err := parseExtraFilters(extraFiltersStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	q.AddExtraFilters(extraFilters)
 
 	// Parse optional extra_stream_filters
-	extraStreamFilters, err := getExtraFilters(r, "extra_stream_filters")
+	extraStreamFiltersStr := r.FormValue("extra_stream_filters")
+	extraStreamFilters, err := parseExtraStreamFilters(extraStreamFiltersStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-	q.AddExtraStreamFilters(extraStreamFilters)
+	q.AddExtraFilters(extraStreamFilters)
 
 	return q, tenantIDs, nil
 }
@@ -1121,15 +1126,114 @@ func getTimeNsec(r *http.Request, argName string) (int64, bool, error) {
 	return nsecs, true, nil
 }
 
-func getExtraFilters(r *http.Request, argName string) ([]logstorage.Field, error) {
-	s := r.FormValue(argName)
+func parseExtraFilters(s string) (*logstorage.Filter, error) {
 	if s == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-
-	var p logstorage.JSONParser
-	if err := p.ParseLogMessage([]byte(s)); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s: %w", argName, err)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, `{"`) {
+		return logstorage.ParseFilter(s)
 	}
-	return p.Fields, nil
+
+	// Extra filters in the form {"field":"value",...}.
+	kvs, err := parseExtraFiltersJSON(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	filters := make([]string, len(kvs))
+	for i, kv := range kvs {
+		if len(kv.values) == 1 {
+			filters[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q:=%q", kv.key, kv.values[0])
+		} else {
+			orValues := make([]string, len(kv.values))
+			for j, v := range kv.values {
+				orValues[j] = fmt.Sprintf("%q", v)
+			}
+			filters[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q:in(%s)", kv.key, strings.Join(orValues, ","))
+		}
+	}
+	s = strings.Join(filters, " ")
+	return logstorage.ParseFilter(s)
+}
+
+func parseExtraStreamFilters(s string) (*logstorage.Filter, error) {
+	if s == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, `{"`) {
+		return logstorage.ParseFilter(s)
+	}
+
+	// Extra stream filters in the form {"field":"value",...}.
+	kvs, err := parseExtraFiltersJSON(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	filters := make([]string, len(kvs))
+	for i, kv := range kvs {
+		if len(kv.values) == 1 {
+			filters[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q=%q", kv.key, kv.values[0])
+		} else {
+			orValues := make([]string, len(kv.values))
+			for j, v := range kv.values {
+				orValues[j] = regexp.QuoteMeta(v)
+			}
+			filters[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q=~%q", kv.key, strings.Join(orValues, "|"))
+		}
+	}
+	s = "{" + strings.Join(filters, ",") + "}"
+	return logstorage.ParseFilter(s)
+}
+
+type extraFilter struct {
+	key    string
+	values []string
+}
+
+func parseExtraFiltersJSON(s string) ([]extraFilter, error) {
+	v, err := fastjson.Parse(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	o := v.GetObject()
+
+	var errOuter error
+	var filters []extraFilter
+	o.Visit(func(k []byte, v *fastjson.Value) {
+		if errOuter != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		switch v.Type() {
+		case fastjson.TypeString:
+			filters = append(filters, extraFilter{
+				key:    string(k),
+				values: []string{string(v.GetStringBytes())},
+			})
+		case fastjson.TypeArray:
+			a := v.GetArray()
+			if len(a) == 0 {
+				return
+			}
+			orValues := make([]string, len(a))
+			for i, av := range a {
+				ov, err := av.StringBytes()
+				if err != nil {
+					errOuter = fmt.Errorf("cannot obtain string item at the array for key %q; item: %s", k, av)
+					return
+				}
+				orValues[i] = string(ov)
+			}
+			filters = append(filters, extraFilter{
+				key:    string(k),
+				values: orValues,
+			})
+		default:
+			errOuter = fmt.Errorf("unexpected type of value for key %q: %s; value: %s", k, v.Type(), v)
+		}
+	})
+	if errOuter != nil {
+		return nil, errOuter
+	}
+	return filters, nil
 }

app/vlselect/logsql/logsql_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package logsql
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseExtraFilters_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s, resultExpected string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		f, err := parseExtraFilters(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error in parseExtraFilters: %s", err)
+		}
+		result := f.String()
+		if result != resultExpected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected result\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("", "")
+
+	// JSON string
+	f(`{"foo":"bar"}`, `foo:=bar`)
+	f(`{"foo":["bar","baz"]}`, `foo:in(bar,baz)`)
+	f(`{"z":"=b ","c":["d","e,"],"a":[],"_msg":"x"}`, `z:="=b " c:in(d,"e,") =x`)
+
+	// LogsQL filter
+	f(`foobar`, `foobar`)
+	f(`foo:bar`, `foo:bar`)
+	f(`foo:(bar or baz) error _time:5m {"foo"=bar,baz="z"}`, `(foo:bar or foo:baz) error _time:5m {foo="bar",baz="z"}`)
+}
+
+func TestParseExtraFilters_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		_, err := parseExtraFilters(s)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Invalid JSON
+	f(`{"foo"}`)
+	f(`[1,2]`)
+	f(`{"foo":[1]}`)
+
+	// Invliad LogsQL filter
+	f(`foo:(bar`)
+
+	// excess pipe
+	f(`foo | count()`)
+}
+
+func TestParseExtraStreamFilters_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s, resultExpected string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		f, err := parseExtraStreamFilters(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error in parseExtraStreamFilters: %s", err)
+		}
+		result := f.String()
+		if result != resultExpected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected result;\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", result, resultExpected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("", "")
+
+	// JSON string
+	f(`{"foo":"bar"}`, `{foo="bar"}`)
+	f(`{"foo":["bar","baz"]}`, `{foo=~"bar|baz"}`)
+	f(`{"z":"b","c":["d","e|\""],"a":[],"_msg":"x"}`, `{z="b",c=~"d|e\\|\"",_msg="x"}`)
+
+	// LogsQL filter
+	f(`foobar`, `foobar`)
+	f(`foo:bar`, `foo:bar`)
+	f(`foo:(bar or baz) error _time:5m {"foo"=bar,baz="z"}`, `(foo:bar or foo:baz) error _time:5m {foo="bar",baz="z"}`)
+}
+
+func TestParseExtraStreamFilters_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		_, err := parseExtraStreamFilters(s)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Invalid JSON
+	f(`{"foo"}`)
+	f(`[1,2]`)
+	f(`{"foo":[1]}`)
+
+	// Invliad LogsQL filter
+	f(`foo:(bar`)
+
+	// excess pipe
+	f(`foo | count()`)
+}

app/vlselect/vmui/asset-manifest.json

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 {
   "files": {
-    "main.css": "./static/css/main.d05122da.css",
-    "main.js": "./static/js/main.6082e5a5.js",
+    "main.css": "./static/css/main.4aacd559.css",
+    "main.js": "./static/js/main.5ce54a05.js",
     "static/js/685.f772060c.chunk.js": "./static/js/685.f772060c.chunk.js",
-    "static/media/MetricsQL.md": "./static/media/MetricsQL.a00044c91d9781cf8557.md",
     "index.html": "./index.html"
   },
   "entrypoints": [
-    "static/css/main.d05122da.css",
-    "static/js/main.6082e5a5.js"
+    "static/css/main.4aacd559.css",
+    "static/js/main.5ce54a05.js"
   ]
 }

app/vlselect/vmui/index.html

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="mask-icon" href="./favicon.svg" color="#000000"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=5"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="Explore your log data with VictoriaLogs UI"/><link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"/><title>UI for VictoriaLogs</title><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="UI for VictoriaLogs"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@https://victoriametrics.com/products/victorialogs/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore your log data with VictoriaLogs UI"><meta name="twitter:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:title" content="UI for VictoriaLogs"><meta property="og:url" content="https://victoriametrics.com/products/victorialogs/"><meta property="og:description" content="Explore your log data with VictoriaLogs UI"><script defer="defer" src="./static/js/main.6082e5a5.js"></script><link href="./static/css/main.d05122da.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript><div id="root"></div></body></html>
+<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="mask-icon" href="./favicon.svg" color="#000000"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=5"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="Explore your log data with VictoriaLogs UI"/><link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"/><title>UI for VictoriaLogs</title><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="UI for VictoriaLogs"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@https://victoriametrics.com/products/victorialogs/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore your log data with VictoriaLogs UI"><meta name="twitter:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:title" content="UI for VictoriaLogs"><meta property="og:url" content="https://victoriametrics.com/products/victorialogs/"><meta property="og:description" content="Explore your log data with VictoriaLogs UI"><script defer="defer" src="./static/js/main.5ce54a05.js"></script><link href="./static/css/main.4aacd559.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript><div id="root"></div></body></html>

app/vmagent/main.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/auth"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/buildinfo"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/cgroup"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/envflag"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/opentelemetry/firehose"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/pushmetrics"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/stringsutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeserieslimits"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -77,6 +79,9 @@ var (
 	dryRun        = flag.Bool("dryRun", false, "Whether to check config files without running vmagent. The following files are checked: "+
 		"-promscrape.config, -remoteWrite.relabelConfig, -remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig, -remoteWrite.streamAggr.config . "+
 		"Unknown config entries aren't allowed in -promscrape.config by default. This can be changed by passing -promscrape.config.strictParse=false command-line flag")
+	maxLabelsPerTimeseries = flag.Int("maxLabelsPerTimeseries", 0, "The maximum number of labels per time series to be accepted. Series with superfluous labels are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_many_labels\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
+	maxLabelNameLen        = flag.Int("maxLabelNameLen", 0, "The maximum length of label names in the accepted time series. Series with longer label name are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_long_label_name\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
+	maxLabelValueLen       = flag.Int("maxLabelValueLen", 0, "The maximum length of label values in the accepted time series. Series with longer label value are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_long_label_value\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
 )
 
 var (
@@ -93,6 +98,15 @@ var (
 )
 
 func main() {
+	// vmagent is optimized for reduced memory allocations,
+	// so it can run with the reduced GOGC in order to reduce the used memory,
+	// while keeping CPU usage spent in GC at low levels.
+	//
+	// Some workloads may need increased GOGC values. Then such values can be set via GOGC environment variable.
+	// It is recommended increasing GOGC if go_memstats_gc_cpu_fraction metric exposed at /metrics page
+	// exceeds 0.05 for extended periods of time.
+	cgroup.SetGOGC(30)
+
 	// Write flags and help message to stdout, since it is easier to grep or pipe.
 	flag.CommandLine.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
 	flag.Usage = usage
@@ -100,6 +114,7 @@ func main() {
 	remotewrite.InitSecretFlags()
 	buildinfo.Init()
 	logger.Init()
+	timeserieslimits.Init(*maxLabelsPerTimeseries, *maxLabelNameLen, *maxLabelValueLen)
 
 	if promscrape.IsDryRun() {
 		if err := promscrape.CheckConfig(); err != nil {

app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go

@@ -7,13 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
-	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
-
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/auth"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bloomfilter"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
@@ -21,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fasttime"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/memory"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/persistentqueue"
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/ratelimiter"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/streamaggr"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeserieslimits"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
 )
@@ -472,6 +471,15 @@ func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest, forceDropSamplesOnF
 			rowsCountAfterRelabel := getRowsCount(tssBlock)
 			rowsDroppedByGlobalRelabel.Add(rowsCountBeforeRelabel - rowsCountAfterRelabel)
 		}
+		if timeserieslimits.Enabled() {
+			tmpBlock := tssBlock[:0]
+			for _, ts := range tssBlock {
+				if !timeserieslimits.IsExceeding(ts.Labels) {
+					tmpBlock = append(tmpBlock, ts)
+				}
+			}
+			tssBlock = tmpBlock
+		}
 		sortLabelsIfNeeded(tssBlock)
 		tssBlock = limitSeriesCardinality(tssBlock)
 		if sas.IsEnabled() {
@@ -716,29 +724,14 @@ func logSkippedSeries(labels []prompbmarshal.Label, flagName string, flagValue i
 	select {
 	case <-logSkippedSeriesTicker.C:
 		// Do not use logger.WithThrottler() here, since this will increase CPU usage
-		// because every call to logSkippedSeries will result to a call to labelsToString.
-		logger.Warnf("skip series %s because %s=%d reached", labelsToString(labels), flagName, flagValue)
+		// because every call to logSkippedSeries will result to a call to prompbmarshal.LabelsToString.
+		logger.Warnf("skip series %s because %s=%d reached", prompbmarshal.LabelsToString(labels), flagName, flagValue)
 	default:
 	}
 }
 
 var logSkippedSeriesTicker = time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
 
-func labelsToString(labels []prompbmarshal.Label) string {
-	var b []byte
-	b = append(b, '{')
-	for i, label := range labels {
-		b = append(b, label.Name...)
-		b = append(b, '=')
-		b = strconv.AppendQuote(b, label.Value)
-		if i+1 < len(labels) {
-			b = append(b, ',')
-		}
-	}
-	b = append(b, '}')
-	return string(b)
-}
-
 var (
 	globalRowsPushedBeforeRelabel = metrics.NewCounter("vmagent_remotewrite_global_rows_pushed_before_relabel_total")
 	rowsDroppedByGlobalRelabel    = metrics.NewCounter("vmagent_remotewrite_global_relabel_metrics_dropped_total")

app/vmalert-tool/main.go

@@ -51,9 +51,14 @@ Examples:
 						Usage:    `Optional external URL to template in rule's labels or annotations.`,
 						Required: false,
 					},
+					&cli.StringFlag{
+						Name:     "loggerLevel",
+						Usage:    `Minimum level of errors to log. Possible values: INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL, PANIC (default "ERROR").`,
+						Required: false,
+					},
 				},
 				Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-					if failed := unittest.UnitTest(c.StringSlice("files"), c.Bool("disableAlertgroupLabel"), c.StringSlice("external.label"), c.String("external.url")); failed {
+					if failed := unittest.UnitTest(c.StringSlice("files"), c.Bool("disableAlertgroupLabel"), c.StringSlice("external.label"), c.String("external.url"), c.String("loggerLevel")); failed {
 						return fmt.Errorf("unittest failed")
 					}
 					return nil

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/testdata/disable-group-label.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ tests:
     input_series:
       - series: 'up{job="vmagent2", instance="localhost:9090"}'
         values: "0+0x1440"
+      - series: "test_query"
+        values: "1x200"
 
     metricsql_expr_test:
       - expr: suquery_interval_test
@@ -32,7 +34,8 @@ tests:
       - eval_time: 0
         alertname: AlwaysFiring
         exp_alerts:
-          - {}
+          - exp_annotations:
+              queryValue: "1"
 
       - eval_time: 0
         alertname: InstanceDown

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/testdata/rules.yaml

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ groups:
           dashboard: '{{ $externalURL }}/d/dashboard?orgId=1'
       - alert: AlwaysFiring
         expr: 1
+        annotations:
+          queryValue: "{{ query \"test_query\" | first | value }}"
       - alert: SameAlertNameWithDifferentGroup
         expr: absent(test)
         for: 1m

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/testdata/test1.yaml

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ tests:
     input_series:
       - series: "test"
         values: "_x5 1x5 _ stale"
+      - series: "test_query"
+        values: "1x100"
 
     alert_rule_test:
       - eval_time: 1m
@@ -50,6 +52,8 @@ tests:
         values: "0+0x1440"
       - series: "test"
         values: "0+1x1440"
+      - series: "test_query"
+        values: "0+1x100"
 
     metricsql_expr_test:
       - expr: count(ALERTS) by (alertgroup, alertname, alertstate)
@@ -97,6 +101,17 @@ tests:
         exp_alerts:
           - exp_labels:
               cluster: prod
+            exp_annotations:
+              queryValue: "0"
+
+      - eval_time: 5m
+        groupname: group1
+        alertname: AlwaysFiring
+        exp_alerts:
+          - exp_labels:
+              cluster: prod
+            exp_annotations:
+              queryValue: "5"
 
       - eval_time: 0
         groupname: alerts

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/testdata/test2.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ tests:
     input_series:
       - series: 'up{job="vmagent2", instance="localhost:9090"}'
         values: "0+0x1440"
+      - series: "test_query"
+        values: "0+1x200"
 
     metricsql_expr_test:
       - expr: suquery_interval_test
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ tests:
         exp_alerts:
           - exp_labels:
               cluster: prod
+            exp_annotations:
+              queryValue: "0"
 
       - eval_time: 0
         groupname: group1

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/unittest.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
@@ -46,17 +47,35 @@ var (
 	testRemoteWritePath   = "http://127.0.0.1" + httpListenAddr
 	testHealthHTTPPath    = "http://127.0.0.1" + httpListenAddr + "/health"
 
+	testLogLevel           = "ERROR"
 	disableAlertgroupLabel bool
 )
 
 const (
 	testStoragePath = "vmalert-unittest"
-	testLogLevel    = "ERROR"
 )
 
 // UnitTest runs unittest for files
-func UnitTest(files []string, disableGroupLabel bool, externalLabels []string, externalURL string) bool {
-	if err := templates.Load([]string{}, true); err != nil {
+func UnitTest(files []string, disableGroupLabel bool, externalLabels []string, externalURL, logLevel string) bool {
+	if logLevel != "" {
+		testLogLevel = logLevel
+	}
+	eu, err := url.Parse(externalURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("failed to parse external URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	labels := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, s := range externalLabels {
+		if len(s) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		n := strings.IndexByte(s, '=')
+		if n < 0 {
+			logger.Fatalf("missing '=' in `-label`. It must contain label in the form `name=value`; got %q", s)
+		}
+		labels[s[:n]] = s[n+1:]
+	}
+	if err := templates.Init([]string{}, labels, *eu); err != nil {
 		logger.Fatalf("failed to load template: %v", err)
 	}
 	storagePath = filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), testStoragePath)
@@ -76,19 +95,7 @@ func UnitTest(files []string, disableGroupLabel bool, externalLabels []string, e
 	if len(testfiles) == 0 {
 		logger.Fatalf("no test file found")
 	}
-
-	labels := make(map[string]string)
-	for _, s := range externalLabels {
-		if len(s) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		n := strings.IndexByte(s, '=')
-		if n < 0 {
-			logger.Fatalf("missing '=' in `-label`. It must contain label in the form `name=value`; got %q", s)
-		}
-		labels[s[:n]] = s[n+1:]
-	}
-	_, err = notifier.Init(nil, labels, externalURL)
+	_, err = notifier.Init(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Fatalf("failed to init notifier: %v", err)
 	}

app/vmalert-tool/unittest/unittest_test.go

@@ -1,24 +1,14 @@
 package unittest
 
 import (
-	"os"
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/templates"
 )
 
-func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	if err := templates.Load([]string{}, true); err != nil {
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-	os.Exit(m.Run())
-}
-
 func TestUnitTest_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(files []string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		failed := UnitTest(files, false, nil, "")
+		failed := UnitTest(files, false, nil, "", "")
 		if !failed {
 			t.Fatalf("expecting failed test")
 		}
@@ -33,7 +23,7 @@ func TestUnitTest_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(disableGroupLabel bool, files []string, externalLabels []string, externalURL string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		failed := UnitTest(files, disableGroupLabel, externalLabels, externalURL)
+		failed := UnitTest(files, disableGroupLabel, externalLabels, externalURL, "")
 		if failed {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected failed test")
 		}

app/vmalert/config/config_test.go

@@ -9,14 +9,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/notifier"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/templates"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	if err := templates.Load([]string{"testdata/templates/*good.tmpl"}, true); err != nil {
+	if err := templates.Init([]string{"testdata/templates/*good.tmpl"}, nil, url.URL{}); err != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ groups:
 		for i, u := range urls {
 			urls[i] = srv.URL + u
 		}
-		_, err := Parse(urls, notifier.ValidateTemplates, true)
+		_, err := Parse(urls, templates.ValidateTemplates, true)
 		if err != nil && !expErr {
 			t.Fatalf("error parsing URLs %s", err)
 		}
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ groups:
 }
 
 func TestParse_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := Parse([]string{"testdata/rules/*good.rules", "testdata/dir/*good.*"}, notifier.ValidateTemplates, true)
+	_, err := Parse([]string{"testdata/rules/*good.rules", "testdata/dir/*good.*"}, templates.ValidateTemplates, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error parsing files %s", err)
 	}
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ func TestParse_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(paths []string, errStrExpected string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		_, err := Parse(paths, notifier.ValidateTemplates, true)
+		_, err := Parse(paths, templates.ValidateTemplates, true)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expected to get error")
 		}
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ func TestParse_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 
 	f([]string{"testdata/rules/rules_interval_bad.rules"}, "eval_offset should be smaller than interval")
 	f([]string{"testdata/rules/rules0-bad.rules"}, "unexpected token")
-	f([]string{"testdata/dir/rules0-bad.rules"}, "error parsing annotation")
+	f([]string{"testdata/dir/rules0-bad.rules"}, "failed to parse text")
 	f([]string{"testdata/dir/rules1-bad.rules"}, "duplicate in file")
 	f([]string{"testdata/dir/rules2-bad.rules"}, "function \"unknown\" not defined")
 	f([]string{"testdata/dir/rules3-bad.rules"}, "either `record` or `alert` must be set")
@@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ func TestGroupValidate_Success(t *testing.T) {
 
 		var validateTplFn ValidateTplFn
 		if validateAnnotations {
-			validateTplFn = notifier.ValidateTemplates
+			validateTplFn = templates.ValidateTemplates
 		}
 		err := group.Validate(validateTplFn, validateExpressions)
 		if err != nil {

app/vmalert/config/testdata/dir/rules0-bad.rules

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ groups:
         labels:
           label: bar
         annotations:
-          summary: "{{ $value }"
+          summary: "{{ }}"
           description: "{{$labels}}"
       - alert: UnkownAnnotationsFunction
         for: 5m

app/vmalert/main.go

@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ absolute path to all .tpl files in root.
 	dryRun = flag.Bool("dryRun", false, "Whether to check only config files without running vmalert. The rules file are validated. The -rule flag must be specified.")
 )
 
-var alertURLGeneratorFn notifier.AlertURLGenerator
+var (
+	alertURLGeneratorFn notifier.AlertURLGenerator
+)
 
 func main() {
 	// Write flags and help message to stdout, since it is easier to grep or pipe.
@@ -95,13 +97,30 @@ func main() {
 	buildinfo.Init()
 	logger.Init()
 
-	err := templates.Load(*ruleTemplatesPath, true)
+	var err error
+	extURL, err := getExternalURL(*externalURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Fatalf("failed to parse %q: %s", *ruleTemplatesPath, err)
+		logger.Fatalf("failed to init external.url %q: %s", *externalURL, err)
+	}
+	externalls := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, s := range *externalLabels {
+		if len(s) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		n := strings.IndexByte(s, '=')
+		if n < 0 {
+			logger.Fatalf("wrong format in `-external.label`, it must contain label as `Name=value`; got %q", s)
+		}
+		externalls[s[:n]] = s[n+1:]
+	}
+
+	err = templates.Init(*ruleTemplatesPath, externalls, *extURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("failed to load template %q: %s", *ruleTemplatesPath, err)
 	}
 
 	if *dryRun {
-		groups, err := config.Parse(*rulePath, notifier.ValidateTemplates, true)
+		groups, err := config.Parse(*rulePath, templates.ValidateTemplates, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Fatalf("failed to parse %q: %s", *rulePath, err)
 		}
@@ -111,19 +130,14 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	eu, err := getExternalURL(*externalURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.Fatalf("failed to init `-external.url`: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	alertURLGeneratorFn, err = getAlertURLGenerator(eu, *externalAlertSource, *validateTemplates)
+	alertURLGeneratorFn, err = getAlertURLGenerator(extURL, *externalAlertSource, *validateTemplates)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Fatalf("failed to init `external.alert.source`: %s", err)
 	}
 
 	var validateTplFn config.ValidateTplFn
 	if *validateTemplates {
-		validateTplFn = notifier.ValidateTemplates
+		validateTplFn = templates.ValidateTemplates
 	}
 
 	if *replayFrom != "" {
@@ -152,7 +166,7 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	manager, err := newManager(ctx)
+	manager, err := newManager(ctx, externalls)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Fatalf("failed to init: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -199,25 +213,13 @@ var (
 	configTimestamp    = metrics.NewCounter(`vmalert_config_last_reload_success_timestamp_seconds`)
 )
 
-func newManager(ctx context.Context) (*manager, error) {
+func newManager(ctx context.Context, externalls map[string]string) (*manager, error) {
 	q, err := datasource.Init(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init datasource: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	labels := make(map[string]string)
-	for _, s := range *externalLabels {
-		if len(s) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		n := strings.IndexByte(s, '=')
-		if n < 0 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing '=' in `-label`. It must contain label in the form `Name=value`; got %q", s)
-		}
-		labels[s[:n]] = s[n+1:]
-	}
-
-	nts, err := notifier.Init(alertURLGeneratorFn, labels, *externalURL)
+	nts, err := notifier.Init(alertURLGeneratorFn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init notifier: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ func newManager(ctx context.Context) (*manager, error) {
 		groups:         make(map[uint64]*rule.Group),
 		querierBuilder: q,
 		notifiers:      nts,
-		labels:         labels,
+		labels:         externalls,
 	}
 	rw, err := remotewrite.Init(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -289,24 +291,36 @@ func getAlertURLGenerator(externalURL *url.URL, externalAlertSource string, vali
 		}, nil
 	}
 	if validateTemplate {
-		if err := notifier.ValidateTemplates(map[string]string{
+		if err := templates.ValidateTemplates(map[string]string{
 			"tpl": externalAlertSource,
 		}); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error validating source template %s: %w", externalAlertSource, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse `external.alert.source` %q: %w", externalAlertSource, err)
 		}
 	}
-	m := map[string]string{
-		"tpl": externalAlertSource,
+	var err error
+	tmpl := templates.GetCurrentTmpl()
+	tmpl, err = templates.ParseWithFixedHeader(externalAlertSource, tmpl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	return func(alert notifier.Alert) string {
-		qFn := func(_ string) ([]datasource.Metric, error) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("`query` template isn't supported for alert source template")
+		// recreate template if it was changed during config reload
+		cm := templates.GetCurrentTmpl()
+		if tmpl.Name() != cm.Name() {
+			tmpl = cm
+			tmpl, err = templates.ParseWithFixedHeader(externalAlertSource, tmpl)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("cannot parse `external.alert.source` %q: %w", externalAlertSource, err)
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", externalURL, externalAlertSource)
+			}
 		}
-		templated, err := alert.ExecTemplate(qFn, alert.Labels, m)
+		tplData := alert.ToTplData()
+		rr, err := templates.ExecuteWithTemplate(tplData, tmpl)
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("can not exec source template %s", err)
+			logger.Errorf("can not template alert source: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", externalURL, externalAlertSource)
 		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", externalURL, templated["tpl"])
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", externalURL, rr)
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +344,7 @@ func configReload(ctx context.Context, m *manager, groupsCfg []config.Group, sig
 
 	var validateTplFn config.ValidateTplFn
 	if *validateTemplates {
-		validateTplFn = notifier.ValidateTemplates
+		validateTplFn = templates.ValidateTemplates
 	}
 
 	// init metrics for config state with positive values to improve alerting conditions
@@ -359,7 +373,7 @@ func configReload(ctx context.Context, m *manager, groupsCfg []config.Group, sig
 			logger.Errorf("failed to reload notifier config: %s", err)
 			continue
 		}
-		err := templates.Load(*ruleTemplatesPath, false)
+		err := templates.LoadTemplateFile(*ruleTemplatesPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			setConfigError(err)
 			logger.Errorf("failed to load new templates: %s", err)
@@ -372,7 +386,6 @@ func configReload(ctx context.Context, m *manager, groupsCfg []config.Group, sig
 			continue
 		}
 		if configsEqual(newGroupsCfg, groupsCfg) {
-			templates.Reload()
 			// set success to 1 since previous reload could have been unsuccessful
 			// do not update configTimestamp as config version remains old.
 			configSuccess.Set(1)
@@ -386,7 +399,6 @@ func configReload(ctx context.Context, m *manager, groupsCfg []config.Group, sig
 			logger.Errorf("error while reloading rules: %s", err)
 			continue
 		}
-		templates.Reload()
 		groupsCfg = newGroupsCfg
 		setConfigSuccessAt(fasttime.UnixTimestamp())
 		logger.Infof("Rules reloaded successfully from %q", *rulePath)

app/vmalert/manager_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"math/rand"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	if err := templates.Load([]string{"testdata/templates/*good.tmpl"}, true); err != nil {
+	if err := templates.Init([]string{"testdata/templates/*good.tmpl"}, nil, url.URL{}); err != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func TestManagerUpdateConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 			r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(n)))
 			for i := 0; i < iterations; i++ {
 				rnd := r.Intn(len(paths))
-				cfg, err := config.Parse([]string{paths[rnd]}, notifier.ValidateTemplates, true)
+				cfg, err := config.Parse([]string{paths[rnd]}, templates.ValidateTemplates, true)
 				if err != nil { // update can fail and this is expected
 					continue
 				}
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func TestManagerUpdate_Success(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to complete initial rules update: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		cfgUpdate, err := config.Parse([]string{updatePath}, notifier.ValidateTemplates, true)
+		cfgUpdate, err := config.Parse([]string{updatePath}, templates.ValidateTemplates, true)
 		if err == nil { // update can fail and that's expected
 			_ = m.update(ctx, cfgUpdate, false)
 		}
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ func loadCfg(t *testing.T, path []string, validateAnnotations, validateExpressio
 	t.Helper()
 	var validateTplFn config.ValidateTplFn
 	if validateAnnotations {
-		validateTplFn = notifier.ValidateTemplates
+		validateTplFn = templates.ValidateTemplates
 	}
 	cfg, err := config.Parse(path, validateTplFn, validateExpressions)
 	if err != nil {

app/vmalert/notifier/alert.go

@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
 package notifier
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-	textTpl "text/template"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/templates"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/utils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
 )
@@ -76,109 +70,18 @@ func (as AlertState) String() string {
 	return "inactive"
 }
 
-// AlertTplData is used to execute templating
-type AlertTplData struct {
-	Labels   map[string]string
-	Value    float64
-	Expr     string
-	AlertID  uint64
-	GroupID  uint64
-	ActiveAt time.Time
-	For      time.Duration
-}
-
-var tplHeaders = []string{
-	"{{ $value := .Value }}",
-	"{{ $labels := .Labels }}",
-	"{{ $expr := .Expr }}",
-	"{{ $externalLabels := .ExternalLabels }}",
-	"{{ $externalURL := .ExternalURL }}",
-	"{{ $alertID := .AlertID }}",
-	"{{ $groupID := .GroupID }}",
-	"{{ $activeAt := .ActiveAt }}",
-	"{{ $for := .For }}",
-}
-
-// ExecTemplate executes the Alert template for given
-// map of annotations.
-// Every alert could have a different datasource, so function
-// requires a queryFunction as an argument.
-func (a *Alert) ExecTemplate(q templates.QueryFn, labels, annotations map[string]string) (map[string]string, error) {
-	tplData := AlertTplData{
+// ToTplData converts Alert to AlertTplData,
+// which only exposes necessary fields for template.
+func (a Alert) ToTplData() templates.AlertTplData {
+	return templates.AlertTplData{
 		Value:    a.Value,
-		Labels:   labels,
+		Labels:   a.Labels,
 		Expr:     a.Expr,
 		AlertID:  a.ID,
 		GroupID:  a.GroupID,
 		ActiveAt: a.ActiveAt,
 		For:      a.For,
 	}
-	return ExecTemplate(q, annotations, tplData)
-}
-
-// ExecTemplate executes the given template for given annotations map.
-func ExecTemplate(q templates.QueryFn, annotations map[string]string, tplData AlertTplData) (map[string]string, error) {
-	tmpl, err := templates.GetWithFuncs(templates.FuncsWithQuery(q))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error cloning template: %w", err)
-	}
-	return templateAnnotations(annotations, tplData, tmpl, true)
-}
-
-// ValidateTemplates validate annotations for possible template error, uses empty data for template population
-func ValidateTemplates(annotations map[string]string) error {
-	tmpl, err := templates.Get()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	_, err = templateAnnotations(annotations, AlertTplData{
-		Labels: map[string]string{},
-		Value:  0,
-	}, tmpl, false)
-	return err
-}
-
-func templateAnnotations(annotations map[string]string, data AlertTplData, tmpl *textTpl.Template, execute bool) (map[string]string, error) {
-	var builder strings.Builder
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	eg := new(utils.ErrGroup)
-	r := make(map[string]string, len(annotations))
-	tData := tplData{data, externalLabels, externalURL}
-	header := strings.Join(tplHeaders, "")
-	for key, text := range annotations {
-		buf.Reset()
-		builder.Reset()
-		builder.Grow(len(header) + len(text))
-		builder.WriteString(header)
-		builder.WriteString(text)
-		if err := templateAnnotation(&buf, builder.String(), tData, tmpl, execute); err != nil {
-			r[key] = text
-			eg.Add(fmt.Errorf("key %q, template %q: %w", key, text, err))
-			continue
-		}
-		r[key] = buf.String()
-	}
-	return r, eg.Err()
-}
-
-type tplData struct {
-	AlertTplData
-	ExternalLabels map[string]string
-	ExternalURL    string
-}
-
-func templateAnnotation(dst io.Writer, text string, data tplData, tpl *textTpl.Template, execute bool) error {
-	tpl, err := tpl.Parse(text)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error parsing annotation template: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !execute {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err = tpl.Execute(dst, data); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error evaluating annotation template: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 func (a Alert) applyRelabelingIfNeeded(relabelCfg *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs) []prompbmarshal.Label {

app/vmalert/notifier/alert_test.go

@@ -1,188 +1,13 @@
 package notifier
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
 )
 
-func TestAlertExecTemplate(t *testing.T) {
-	extLabels := make(map[string]string)
-	const (
-		extCluster = "prod"
-		extDC      = "east"
-		extURL     = "https://foo.bar"
-	)
-	extLabels["cluster"] = extCluster
-	extLabels["dc"] = extDC
-	_, err := Init(nil, extLabels, extURL)
-	checkErr(t, err)
-
-	f := func(alert *Alert, annotations map[string]string, tplExpected map[string]string) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		if err := ValidateTemplates(annotations); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("cannot validate annotations: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		qFn := func(_ string) ([]datasource.Metric, error) {
-			return []datasource.Metric{
-				{
-					Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{
-						{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
-						{Name: "baz", Value: "qux"},
-					},
-					Values:     []float64{1},
-					Timestamps: []int64{1},
-				},
-				{
-					Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{
-						{Name: "foo", Value: "garply"},
-						{Name: "baz", Value: "fred"},
-					},
-					Values:     []float64{2},
-					Timestamps: []int64{1},
-				},
-			}, nil
-		}
-
-		tpl, err := alert.ExecTemplate(qFn, alert.Labels, annotations)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("cannot execute template: %s", err)
-		}
-		if len(tpl) != len(tplExpected) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected number of elements; got %d; want %d", len(tpl), len(tplExpected))
-		}
-		for k := range tplExpected {
-			got, exp := tpl[k], tplExpected[k]
-			if got != exp {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected template for key=%q; got %q; want %q", k, got, exp)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// empty-alert
-	f(&Alert{}, map[string]string{}, map[string]string{})
-
-	// no-template
-	f(&Alert{
-		Value: 1e4,
-		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"instance": "localhost",
-		},
-	}, map[string]string{}, map[string]string{})
-
-	// label-template
-	f(&Alert{
-		Value: 1e4,
-		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"job":      "staging",
-			"instance": "localhost",
-		},
-		For: 5 * time.Minute,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"summary":     "Too high connection number for {{$labels.instance}} for job {{$labels.job}}",
-		"description": "It is {{ $value }} connections for {{$labels.instance}} for more than {{ .For }}",
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"summary":     "Too high connection number for localhost for job staging",
-		"description": "It is 10000 connections for localhost for more than 5m0s",
-	})
-
-	// expression-template
-	f(&Alert{
-		Expr: `vm_rows{"label"="bar"}<0`,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"exprEscapedQuery":  "{{ $expr|queryEscape }}",
-		"exprEscapedPath":   "{{ $expr|pathEscape }}",
-		"exprEscapedJSON":   "{{ $expr|jsonEscape }}",
-		"exprEscapedQuotes": "{{ $expr|quotesEscape }}",
-		"exprEscapedHTML":   "{{ $expr|htmlEscape }}",
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"exprEscapedQuery":  "vm_rows%7B%22label%22%3D%22bar%22%7D%3C0",
-		"exprEscapedPath":   "vm_rows%7B%22label%22=%22bar%22%7D%3C0",
-		"exprEscapedJSON":   `"vm_rows{\"label\"=\"bar\"}\u003c0"`,
-		"exprEscapedQuotes": `vm_rows{\"label\"=\"bar\"}\u003c0`,
-		"exprEscapedHTML":   "vm_rows{&quot;label&quot;=&quot;bar&quot;}&lt;0",
-	})
-
-	// query
-	f(&Alert{
-		Expr: `vm_rows{"label"="bar"}>0`,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"summary": `{{ query "foo" | first | value }}`,
-		"desc":    `{{ range query "bar" }}{{ . | label "foo" }} {{ . | value }};{{ end }}`,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"summary": "1",
-		"desc":    "bar 1;garply 2;",
-	})
-
-	// external
-	f(&Alert{
-		Value: 1e4,
-		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"job":      "staging",
-			"instance": "localhost",
-		},
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"url":         "{{ $externalURL }}",
-		"summary":     "Issues with {{$labels.instance}} (dc-{{$externalLabels.dc}}) for job {{$labels.job}}",
-		"description": "It is {{ $value }} connections for {{$labels.instance}} (cluster-{{$externalLabels.cluster}})",
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"url":         extURL,
-		"summary":     fmt.Sprintf("Issues with localhost (dc-%s) for job staging", extDC),
-		"description": fmt.Sprintf("It is 10000 connections for localhost (cluster-%s)", extCluster),
-	})
-
-	// alert and group IDs
-	f(&Alert{
-		ID:      42,
-		GroupID: 24,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"url": "/api/v1/alert?alertID={{$alertID}}&groupID={{$groupID}}",
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"url": "/api/v1/alert?alertID=42&groupID=24",
-	})
-
-	// ActiveAt time
-	f(&Alert{
-		ActiveAt: time.Date(2022, 8, 19, 20, 34, 58, 651387237, time.UTC),
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"diagram": "![](http://example.com?render={{$activeAt.Unix}}",
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"diagram": "![](http://example.com?render=1660941298",
-	})
-
-	// ActiveAt time is nil
-	f(&Alert{}, map[string]string{
-		"default_time": "{{$activeAt}}",
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"default_time": "0001-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC",
-	})
-
-	// ActiveAt custom format
-	f(&Alert{
-		ActiveAt: time.Date(2022, 8, 19, 20, 34, 58, 651387237, time.UTC),
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"fire_time": `{{$activeAt.Format "2006/01/02 15:04:05"}}`,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"fire_time": "2022/08/19 20:34:58",
-	})
-
-	// ActiveAt query range
-	f(&Alert{
-		ActiveAt: time.Date(2022, 8, 19, 20, 34, 58, 651387237, time.UTC),
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"grafana_url": `vm-grafana.com?from={{($activeAt.Add (parseDurationTime "1h")).Unix}}&to={{($activeAt.Add (parseDurationTime "-1h")).Unix}}`,
-	}, map[string]string{
-		"grafana_url": "vm-grafana.com?from=1660944898&to=1660937698",
-	})
-}
-
 func TestAlert_toPromLabels(t *testing.T) {
 	fn := func(labels map[string]string, exp []prompbmarshal.Label, relabel *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs) {
 		t.Helper()

app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/utils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httputils"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promauth"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
 )
 
@@ -69,7 +70,17 @@ func (am *AlertManager) Send(ctx context.Context, alerts []Alert, headers map[st
 
 func (am *AlertManager) send(ctx context.Context, alerts []Alert, headers map[string]string) error {
 	b := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	writeamRequest(b, alerts, am.argFunc, am.relabelConfigs)
+	alertsToSend := alerts[:0]
+	lblss := make([][]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(alerts))
+	for _, a := range alerts {
+		lbls := a.applyRelabelingIfNeeded(am.relabelConfigs)
+		if len(lbls) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		alertsToSend = append(alertsToSend, a)
+		lblss = append(lblss, lbls)
+	}
+	writeamRequest(b, alertsToSend, am.argFunc, lblss)
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, am.addr.String(), b)
 	if err != nil {

app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 {% import (
     "time"
 
-    "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
+    "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 ) %}
 {% stripspace %}
 
-{% func amRequest(alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, relabelCfg *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs) %}
+{% func amRequest(alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, lblss [][]prompbmarshal.Label) %}
 [
 {% for i, alert := range alerts %}
-{% code lbls := alert.applyRelabelingIfNeeded(relabelCfg) %}
-{% if len(lbls) == 0 %} {% continue %} {% endif %}
+{% code lbls := lblss[i] %}
 {
     "startsAt":{%q= alert.Start.Format(time.RFC3339Nano) %},
     "generatorURL": {%q= generatorURL(alert) %},

app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ package notifier
 import (
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 )
 
 //line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:8
@@ -25,122 +25,116 @@ var (
 )
 
 //line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:8
-func streamamRequest(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, relabelCfg *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs) {
+func streamamRequest(qw422016 *qt422016.Writer, alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, lblss [][]prompbmarshal.Label) {
 //line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:8
 	qw422016.N().S(`[`)
 //line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:10
 	for i, alert := range alerts {
 //line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:11
-		lbls := alert.applyRelabelingIfNeeded(relabelCfg)
+		lbls := lblss[i]
 
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:12
-		if len(lbls) == 0 {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:12
-			continue
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:12
-		}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:12
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:11
 		qw422016.N().S(`{"startsAt":`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:14
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:13
 		qw422016.N().Q(alert.Start.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:14
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:13
 		qw422016.N().S(`,"generatorURL":`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:15
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:14
 		qw422016.N().Q(generatorURL(alert))
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:15
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:14
 		qw422016.N().S(`,`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:16
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:15
 		if !alert.End.IsZero() {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:16
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:15
 			qw422016.N().S(`"endsAt":`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:17
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:16
 			qw422016.N().Q(alert.End.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:17
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:16
 			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:18
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:17
 		}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:18
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:17
 		qw422016.N().S(`"labels": {`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:20
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:19
 		ll := len(lbls)
 
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:20
 		for idx, l := range lbls {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
 			qw422016.N().Q(l.Name)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
 			qw422016.N().S(`:`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
 			qw422016.N().Q(l.Value)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
 			if idx != ll-1 {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
 				qw422016.N().S(`,`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:21
 			}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:23
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
 		}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:23
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:22
 		qw422016.N().S(`},"annotations": {`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:26
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:25
 		c := len(alert.Annotations)
 
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:27
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:26
 		for k, v := range alert.Annotations {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:27
 			c = c - 1
 
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
 			qw422016.N().Q(k)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
 			qw422016.N().S(`:`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
 			qw422016.N().Q(v)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
 			if c > 0 {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
 				qw422016.N().S(`,`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:28
 			}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:30
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
 		}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:30
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:29
 		qw422016.N().S(`}}`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:33
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:32
 		if i != len(alerts)-1 {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:33
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:32
 			qw422016.N().S(`,`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:33
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:32
 		}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:34
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:33
 	}
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:34
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:33
 	qw422016.N().S(`]`)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 }
 
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
-func writeamRequest(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, relabelCfg *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs) {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
+func writeamRequest(qq422016 qtio422016.Writer, alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, lblss [][]prompbmarshal.Label) {
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 	qw422016 := qt422016.AcquireWriter(qq422016)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
-	streamamRequest(qw422016, alerts, generatorURL, relabelCfg)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
+	streamamRequest(qw422016, alerts, generatorURL, lblss)
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 	qt422016.ReleaseWriter(qw422016)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 }
 
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
-func amRequest(alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, relabelCfg *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs) string {
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
+func amRequest(alerts []Alert, generatorURL func(Alert) string, lblss [][]prompbmarshal.Label) string {
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 	qb422016 := qt422016.AcquireByteBuffer()
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
-	writeamRequest(qb422016, alerts, generatorURL, relabelCfg)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
+	writeamRequest(qb422016, alerts, generatorURL, lblss)
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 	qs422016 := string(qb422016.B)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 	qt422016.ReleaseByteBuffer(qb422016)
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 	return qs422016
-//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:36
+//line app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_request.qtpl:35
 }

app/vmalert/notifier/alertmanager_test.go

@@ -105,6 +105,16 @@ func TestAlertManager_Send(t *testing.T) {
 			if r.Header.Get(headerKey) != "bar" {
 				t.Fatalf("expected header %q to be set to %q; got %q instead", headerKey, "bar", r.Header.Get(headerKey))
 			}
+		case 4:
+			var a []struct {
+				Labels map[string]string `json:"labels"`
+			}
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&a); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("can not unmarshal data into alert %s", err)
+			}
+			if len(a) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 1 alert in array got %d", len(a))
+			}
 		}
 	})
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
@@ -168,7 +178,20 @@ func TestAlertManager_Send(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if c != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 3 calls(count from zero) to server got %d", c)
+	if err := am.Send(context.Background(), []Alert{
+		{
+			Name:   "alert1",
+			Labels: map[string]string{"rule": "test"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:   "alert2",
+			Labels: map[string]string{},
+		},
+	}, map[string]string{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if c != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 4 calls(count from zero) to server got %d", c)
 	}
 }

app/vmalert/notifier/init.go

@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ package notifier
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/templates"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/flagutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promauth"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
@@ -74,15 +72,6 @@ func Reload() error {
 
 var staticNotifiersFn func() []Notifier
 
-var (
-	// externalLabels is a global variable for holding external labels configured via flags
-	// It is supposed to be inited via Init function only.
-	externalLabels map[string]string
-	// externalURL is a global variable for holding external URL value configured via flag
-	// It is supposed to be inited via Init function only.
-	externalURL string
-)
-
 // Init returns a function for retrieving actual list of Notifier objects.
 // Init works in two mods:
 //   - configuration via flags (for backward compatibility). Is always static
@@ -90,16 +79,7 @@ var (
 //   - configuration via file. Supports live reloads and service discovery.
 //
 // Init returns an error if both mods are used.
-func Init(gen AlertURLGenerator, extLabels map[string]string, extURL string) (func() []Notifier, error) {
-	externalURL = extURL
-	externalLabels = extLabels
-	eu, err := url.Parse(externalURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse external URL: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	templates.UpdateWithFuncs(templates.FuncsWithExternalURL(eu))
-
+func Init(gen AlertURLGenerator) (func() []Notifier, error) {
 	if *blackHole {
 		if len(*addrs) > 0 || *configPath != "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("only one of -notifier.blackhole, -notifier.url and -notifier.config flags must be specified")
@@ -129,6 +109,7 @@ func Init(gen AlertURLGenerator, extLabels map[string]string, extURL string) (fu
 		return staticNotifiersFn, nil
 	}
 
+	var err error
 	cw, err = newWatcher(*configPath, gen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init config watcher: %w", err)

app/vmalert/notifier/init_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func TestInit(t *testing.T) {
 
 	*addrs = flagutil.ArrayString{"127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.2"}
 
-	fn, err := Init(nil, nil, "")
+	fn, err := Init(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%s", err)
 	}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestInitNegative(t *testing.T) {
 		*configPath = path
 		*addrs = flagutil.ArrayString{addr}
 		*blackHole = bh
-		if _, err := Init(nil, nil, ""); err == nil {
+		if _, err := Init(nil); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expected to get error; got nil instead")
 		}
 	}
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func TestBlackHole(t *testing.T) {
 
 	*blackHole = true
 
-	fn, err := Init(nil, nil, "")
+	fn, err := Init(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%s", err)
 	}

app/vmalert/notifier/package_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 package notifier
 
 import (
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/templates"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/templates"
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	if err := templates.Load([]string{"testdata/templates/*good.tmpl"}, true); err != nil {
+	if err := templates.Init([]string{"testdata/templates/*good.tmpl"}, nil, url.URL{}); err != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	os.Exit(m.Run())

app/vmalert/rule/alerting.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	textTpl "text/template"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/config"
@@ -47,6 +48,12 @@ type AlertingRule struct {
 	state *ruleState
 
 	metrics *alertingRuleMetrics
+
+	// set rootTemplateName with loaded global template name,
+	// so we can check if the template has changed when evaluating.
+	rootTemplateName     string
+	LabelTemplates       map[string]*textTpl.Template
+	AnnotationsTemplates map[string]*textTpl.Template
 }
 
 type alertingRuleMetrics struct {
@@ -142,9 +149,47 @@ func NewAlertingRule(qb datasource.QuerierBuilder, group *Group, cfg config.Rule
 			}
 			return seriesFetched
 		})
+
+	ar.initTemplate()
+
 	return ar
 }
 
+// initTemplate pre-creates templates that can be reused in execution.
+func (ar *AlertingRule) initTemplate() {
+	currentTmpl := templates.GetCurrentTmpl()
+	ar.rootTemplateName = currentTmpl.Name()
+	ar.LabelTemplates = make(map[string]*textTpl.Template, len(ar.Labels))
+	ar.AnnotationsTemplates = make(map[string]*textTpl.Template, len(ar.Annotations))
+	for k, v := range ar.Labels {
+		var err error
+		tmpl, _ := currentTmpl.Clone()
+		tmpl, err = templates.ParseWithFixedHeader(v, tmpl)
+		if err != nil {
+			// parse can fail in two cases:
+			// 1. the text contains `query` function, which is not supported during rule initialization.
+			// 2. the text itself is invalid.
+			// In both case, we skip the error here, and try it again during rule execution.
+			continue
+		}
+		ar.LabelTemplates[k] = tmpl
+
+	}
+	for k, v := range ar.Annotations {
+		var err error
+		tmpl, _ := currentTmpl.Clone()
+		tmpl, err = templates.ParseWithFixedHeader(v, tmpl)
+		if err != nil {
+			// parse can fail in two cases:
+			// 1. the text contains `query` function, which is not supported during rule initialization.
+			// 2. the text itself is invalid.
+			// In both case, we skip the error here, and try it again during rule execution.
+			continue
+		}
+		ar.AnnotationsTemplates[k] = tmpl
+	}
+}
+
 // close unregisters rule metrics
 func (ar *AlertingRule) close() {
 	ar.metrics.active.Unregister()
@@ -225,6 +270,8 @@ func (ar *AlertingRule) updateWith(r Rule) error {
 	ar.KeepFiringFor = nr.KeepFiringFor
 	ar.Labels = nr.Labels
 	ar.Annotations = nr.Annotations
+	ar.initTemplate()
+
 	ar.EvalInterval = nr.EvalInterval
 	ar.Debug = nr.Debug
 	ar.q = nr.q
@@ -279,15 +326,32 @@ func (ar *AlertingRule) toLabels(m datasource.Metric, qFn templates.QueryFn) (*l
 		}
 		ls.processed[l.Name] = l.Value
 	}
-
-	extraLabels, err := notifier.ExecTemplate(qFn, ar.Labels, notifier.AlertTplData{
+	extraLabels := make(map[string]string, len(ar.Labels))
+	// compare to annotation, label value can only use limited variables for now
+	labelTplData := templates.AlertTplData{
 		Labels: ls.origin,
 		Value:  m.Values[0],
 		Expr:   ar.Expr,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to expand labels: %w", err)
 	}
+	for k := range ar.Labels {
+		if ar.LabelTemplates[k] == nil {
+			// this label may contain `query` function, which requires creating new template with query function in each evaluation.
+			v, err := templates.ExecuteWithoutTemplate(qFn, ar.Labels[k], labelTplData)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("error templating label %q for rule %q: %w", ar.Labels[k], ar.Name, err)
+				v = ar.Labels[k]
+			}
+			extraLabels[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		v, err := templates.ExecuteWithTemplate(labelTplData, ar.LabelTemplates[k])
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("error templating label %q for rule %q: %w", ar.Labels[k], ar.Name, err)
+			v = ar.Labels[k]
+		}
+		extraLabels[k] = v
+	}
+
 	for k, v := range extraLabels {
 		ls.add(k, v)
 	}
@@ -513,12 +577,18 @@ func (ar *AlertingRule) exec(ctx context.Context, ts time.Time, limit int) ([]pr
 }
 
 func (ar *AlertingRule) expandTemplates(m datasource.Metric, qFn templates.QueryFn, ts time.Time) (*labelSet, map[string]string, error) {
+	// check if the rule template has changed during reload,
+	// if so, label&annotation templates must be re-created.
+	if ar.rootTemplateName != templates.GetCurrentTmpl().Name() {
+		ar.initTemplate()
+	}
+
 	ls, err := ar.toLabels(m, qFn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to expand labels: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	tplData := notifier.AlertTplData{
+	extraAnnotation := make(map[string]string, len(ar.Annotations))
+	annotationTplData := templates.AlertTplData{
 		Value:    m.Values[0],
 		Labels:   ls.origin,
 		Expr:     ar.Expr,
@@ -527,11 +597,26 @@ func (ar *AlertingRule) expandTemplates(m datasource.Metric, qFn templates.Query
 		ActiveAt: ts,
 		For:      ar.For,
 	}
-	as, err := notifier.ExecTemplate(qFn, ar.Annotations, tplData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to template annotations: %w", err)
+	for k := range ar.Annotations {
+		if ar.AnnotationsTemplates[k] == nil {
+			// this label may contain `query` function, which requires creating new template with query function in each evaluation.
+			v, err := templates.ExecuteWithoutTemplate(qFn, ar.Annotations[k], annotationTplData)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("error templating annotation %q for rule %q: %w", ar.Annotations[k], ar.Name, err)
+				v = ar.Annotations[k]
+			}
+			extraAnnotation[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		v, err := templates.ExecuteWithTemplate(annotationTplData, ar.AnnotationsTemplates[k])
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("error templating annotation %q for rule %q: %w", ar.Annotations[k], ar.Name, err)
+			v = ar.Annotations[k]
+		}
+		extraAnnotation[k] = v
 	}
-	return ls, as, nil
+
+	return ls, extraAnnotation, nil
 }
 
 // toTimeSeries creates `ALERTS` and `ALERTS_FOR_STATE` for active alerts
@@ -614,7 +699,7 @@ func (ar *AlertingRule) alertToTimeSeries(a *notifier.Alert, timestamp int64) []
 }
 
 func alertToTimeSeries(a *notifier.Alert, timestamp int64) prompbmarshal.TimeSeries {
-	var labels []prompbmarshal.Label
+	labels := make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(a.Labels)+2)
 	for k, v := range a.Labels {
 		labels = append(labels, prompbmarshal.Label{
 			Name:  k,
@@ -634,7 +719,7 @@ func alertToTimeSeries(a *notifier.Alert, timestamp int64) prompbmarshal.TimeSer
 // alertForToTimeSeries returns a time series that represents
 // state of active alerts, where value is time when alert become active
 func alertForToTimeSeries(a *notifier.Alert, timestamp int64) prompbmarshal.TimeSeries {
-	var labels []prompbmarshal.Label
+	labels := make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(a.Labels)+1)
 	for k, v := range a.Labels {
 		labels = append(labels, prompbmarshal.Label{
 			Name:  k,
@@ -650,21 +735,24 @@ func alertForToTimeSeries(a *notifier.Alert, timestamp int64) prompbmarshal.Time
 // for alerts which changed their state from Pending to Inactive or Firing.
 func pendingAlertStaleTimeSeries(ls map[string]string, timestamp int64, includeAlertForState bool) []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries {
 	var result []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries
-	var baseLabels []prompbmarshal.Label
+	baseLabels := make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(ls)+1)
 	for k, v := range ls {
 		baseLabels = append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{
 			Name:  k,
 			Value: v,
 		})
 	}
+
+	alertsLabels := make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(ls)+2)
+	alertsLabels = append(alertsLabels, baseLabels...)
 	// __name__ already been dropped, no need to check duplication
-	alertsLabels := append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName})
+	alertsLabels = append(alertsLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName})
 	alertsLabels = append(alertsLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: alertStateLabel, Value: notifier.StatePending.String()})
 	result = append(result, newTimeSeries([]float64{decimal.StaleNaN}, []int64{timestamp}, alertsLabels))
 
 	if includeAlertForState {
-		alertsForStateLabels := append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName})
-		result = append(result, newTimeSeries([]float64{decimal.StaleNaN}, []int64{timestamp}, alertsForStateLabels))
+		baseLabels = append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName})
+		result = append(result, newTimeSeries([]float64{decimal.StaleNaN}, []int64{timestamp}, baseLabels))
 	}
 	return result
 }
@@ -672,22 +760,25 @@ func pendingAlertStaleTimeSeries(ls map[string]string, timestamp int64, includeA
 // firingAlertStaleTimeSeries returns stale `ALERTS` and `ALERTS_FOR_STATE` time series
 // for alerts which changed their state from Firing to Inactive.
 func firingAlertStaleTimeSeries(ls map[string]string, timestamp int64) []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries {
-	var baseLabels []prompbmarshal.Label
+	baseLabels := make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(ls)+1)
 	for k, v := range ls {
 		baseLabels = append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{
 			Name:  k,
 			Value: v,
 		})
 	}
+
+	alertsLabels := make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, len(ls)+2)
+	alertsLabels = append(alertsLabels, baseLabels...)
 	// __name__ already been dropped, no need to check duplication
-	alertsLabels := append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName})
+	alertsLabels = append(alertsLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName})
 	alertsLabels = append(alertsLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: alertStateLabel, Value: notifier.StateFiring.String()})
 
-	alertsForStateLabels := append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName})
+	baseLabels = append(baseLabels, prompbmarshal.Label{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName})
 
 	return []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
 		newTimeSeries([]float64{decimal.StaleNaN}, []int64{timestamp}, alertsLabels),
-		newTimeSeries([]float64{decimal.StaleNaN}, []int64{timestamp}, alertsForStateLabels),
+		newTimeSeries([]float64{decimal.StaleNaN}, []int64{timestamp}, baseLabels),
 	}
 }
 

app/vmalert/rule/alerting_test.go

@@ -252,10 +252,14 @@ func TestAlertingRule_Exec(t *testing.T) {
 	},
 		map[int][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
 			0: {
-				{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "empty_labels"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}},
-					Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-				{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "empty_labels"}},
-					Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+				{
+					Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "empty_labels"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}},
+					Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+				},
+				{
+					Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "empty_labels"}},
+					Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+				},
 			},
 		})
 
@@ -273,22 +277,34 @@ func TestAlertingRule_Exec(t *testing.T) {
 		4: {{labels: []string{"name", "foo"}, alert: &notifier.Alert{State: notifier.StateInactive}}},
 	}, map[int][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
 		0: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		1: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		2: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(2 * defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "single-firing=>inactive=>firing=>inactive=>inactive"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(2 * defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 	})
 
@@ -344,34 +360,54 @@ func TestAlertingRule_Exec(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}, map[int][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
 		0: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		1: {
 			// stale time series for foo, `firing -> inactive`
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 			// new time series for foo1
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		2: {
 			// stale time series for foo1
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo1"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 			// new time series for foo2
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo2"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo2"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(2 * defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo2"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "multiple-steps-firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo2"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(2 * defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 	})
 
@@ -389,50 +425,72 @@ func TestAlertingRule_Exec(t *testing.T) {
 		1: {{labels: []string{"name", "foo"}, alert: &notifier.Alert{State: notifier.StateFiring}}},
 	}, map[int][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
 		0: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		1: {
 			// stale time series for `pending -> firing`
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "firing"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-fired"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Add(defaultStep).Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 	})
 
 	f(newTestAlertingRule("for-pending=>empty", time.Second), [][]datasource.Metric{
-		{metricWithLabels(t, "name", "foo")},
-		{metricWithLabels(t, "name", "foo")},
+		{metricWithLabels(t, "name", "foo", "a1", "b1", "a2", "b2", "a3", "b3")},
+		{metricWithLabels(t, "name", "foo", "a1", "b1", "a2", "b2", "a3", "b3")},
 		// empty step to delete pending alerts
 		{},
 	}, map[int][]testAlert{
-		0: {{labels: []string{"name", "foo"}, alert: &notifier.Alert{State: notifier.StatePending}}},
-		1: {{labels: []string{"name", "foo"}, alert: &notifier.Alert{State: notifier.StatePending}}},
+		0: {{labels: []string{"name", "foo", "a1", "b1", "a2", "b2", "a3", "b3"}, alert: &notifier.Alert{State: notifier.StatePending}}},
+		1: {{labels: []string{"name", "foo", "a1", "b1", "a2", "b2", "a3", "b3"}, alert: &notifier.Alert{State: notifier.StatePending}}},
 		2: {},
 	}, map[int][]prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
 		0: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "a1", Value: "b1"}, {Name: "a2", Value: "b2"}, {Name: "a3", Value: "b3"}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "a1", Value: "b1"}, {Name: "a2", Value: "b2"}, {Name: "a3", Value: "b3"}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		1: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "a1", Value: "b1"}, {Name: "a2", Value: "b2"}, {Name: "a3", Value: "b3"}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "a1", Value: "b1"}, {Name: "a2", Value: "b2"}, {Name: "a3", Value: "b3"}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: float64(ts.Unix()), Timestamp: ts.Add(defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 		// stale time series for `pending -> inactive`
 		2: {
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
-			{Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
-				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}}},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertMetricName}, {Name: "a1", Value: "b1"}, {Name: "a2", Value: "b2"}, {Name: "a3", Value: "b3"}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "alertstate", Value: "pending"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
+			{
+				Labels:  []prompbmarshal.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: alertForStateMetricName}, {Name: "a1", Value: "b1"}, {Name: "a2", Value: "b2"}, {Name: "a3", Value: "b3"}, {Name: "alertname", Value: "for-pending=>empty"}, {Name: "name", Value: "foo"}},
+				Samples: []prompbmarshal.Sample{{Value: decimal.StaleNaN, Timestamp: ts.Add(2*defaultStep).UnixNano() / 1e6}},
+			},
 		},
 	})
 
@@ -988,6 +1046,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_Template(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		fq.Add(metrics...)
 
+		rule.initTemplate()
 		if _, err := rule.exec(context.TODO(), time.Now(), 0); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -1204,6 +1263,7 @@ func newTestAlertingRuleWithCustomFields(name string, waitFor, evalInterval, kee
 	}
 	rule.KeepFiringFor = keepFiringFor
 	rule.Annotations = annotation
+	rule.initTemplate()
 	return rule
 }
 

app/vmalert/rule/group_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	if err := templates.Load([]string{}, true); err != nil {
+	if err := templates.Init([]string{}, nil, url.URL{}); err != nil {
 		fmt.Println("failed to load template for test")
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}

app/vmalert/templates/init.go

@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+package templates
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	htmlTpl "html/template"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	textTpl "text/template"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/formatutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
+)
+
+var (
+	tplMu      sync.RWMutex
+	masterTmpl *textTpl.Template
+
+	// externalLabels is a global variable for holding external labels configured via flags
+	// It is supposed to be initiated via Init function only.
+	externalLabels map[string]string
+	// externalURL is a global variable for holding external URL value configured via flag
+	// It is supposed to be initiated via Init function only.
+	externalURL url.URL
+)
+
+// Init initializes global externalLabels and externalURL variables, and load templates from pathPatterns.
+func Init(pathPatterns []string, extLabels map[string]string, extURL url.URL) error {
+	externalURL = extURL
+	externalLabels = extLabels
+	return LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns)
+}
+
+// LoadTemplateFile loads templates from multiple globs specified in pathPatterns:
+// 1. if it's the first load, sets them directly to current template;
+// 2. if it's not the first load, only update masterTmpl when the contents change.
+func LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns []string) error {
+	templateName := fmt.Sprintf("rule-template-%d", time.Now().UnixMilli())
+	// using Load timestamp as template root name,
+	// so we can check if this global template has been reloaded when use it elsewhere, like during alerting rules execution.
+	tmpl := newTemplate(templateName)
+	tmpl = tmpl.Funcs(funcsWithExternalURL(externalURL))
+
+	for _, tp := range pathPatterns {
+		p, err := doublestar.FilepathGlob(tp)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve a template glob %q: %w", tp, err)
+		}
+		if len(p) > 0 {
+			tmpl, err = tmpl.ParseFiles(p...)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse template glob %q: %w", tp, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	err := tmpl.Execute(io.Discard, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to test rule template: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tplMu.Lock()
+	defer tplMu.Unlock()
+
+	if masterTmpl == nil {
+		masterTmpl = tmpl
+	} else {
+		// only update the masterTmpl when content has changed
+		if !isTemplatesTheSame(masterTmpl, tmpl) {
+			masterTmpl = tmpl
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newTemplate(name string) *textTpl.Template {
+	tmpl := textTpl.New(name).Funcs(templateFuncs())
+	return textTpl.Must(tmpl.Parse(""))
+}
+
+// isTemplatesTheSame returns true if the content of two templates are the same,
+// the root template name difference is ignored.
+func isTemplatesTheSame(t1, t2 *textTpl.Template) bool {
+	getRootString := func(t *textTpl.Template) string {
+		if t.Tree == nil || t.Tree.Root == nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return t.Tree.Root.String()
+	}
+	if getRootString(t1) != getRootString(t2) {
+		return false
+	}
+	t1Templates := make(map[string]string)
+	t2Templates := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, tmpl := range t1.Templates() {
+		// skip root template, since it's null and changes every time
+		if tmpl.Name() == t1.Name() {
+			continue
+		}
+		t1Templates[tmpl.Name()] = getRootString(tmpl)
+	}
+	for _, tmpl := range t2.Templates() {
+		if tmpl.Name() == t2.Name() {
+			continue
+		}
+		t2Templates[tmpl.Name()] = getRootString(tmpl)
+	}
+	if len(t1Templates) != len(t2Templates) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for k, v := range t1Templates {
+		if t2Templates[k] != v {
+			return false
+		}
+		delete(t2Templates, k)
+	}
+	return len(t2Templates) == 0
+}
+
+// funcsWithExternalURL returns a function map that depends on externalURL value
+func funcsWithExternalURL(externalURL url.URL) textTpl.FuncMap {
+	return textTpl.FuncMap{
+		"externalURL": func() string {
+			return externalURL.String()
+		},
+
+		"pathPrefix": func() string {
+			return externalURL.Path
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// templateFuncs initiates template helper functions
+func templateFuncs() textTpl.FuncMap {
+	// See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/template_reference/
+	// and https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/fa6e05903fd3ce52e374a6e1bf4eb98c9f1f45a7/template/template.go#L150
+	return textTpl.FuncMap{
+		/* Strings */
+
+		// title returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters
+		// that begin words mapped to their Unicode title case.
+		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/strings/#Title
+		"title": strings.Title,
+
+		// toUpper returns s with all Unicode letters mapped to their upper case.
+		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/strings/#ToUpper
+		"toUpper": strings.ToUpper,
+
+		// toLower returns s with all Unicode letters mapped to their lower case.
+		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/strings/#ToLower
+		"toLower": strings.ToLower,
+
+		// crlfEscape replaces '\n' and '\r' chars with `\\n` and `\\r`.
+		// This function is deprecated.
+		//
+		// It is better to use quotesEscape, jsonEscape, queryEscape or pathEscape instead -
+		// these functions properly escape `\n` and `\r` chars according to their purpose.
+		"crlfEscape": func(q string) string {
+			q = strings.Replace(q, "\n", `\n`, -1)
+			return strings.Replace(q, "\r", `\r`, -1)
+		},
+
+		// quotesEscape escapes the string, so it can be safely put inside JSON string.
+		//
+		// See also jsonEscape.
+		"quotesEscape": quotesEscape,
+
+		// jsonEscape converts the string to properly encoded JSON string.
+		//
+		// See also quotesEscape.
+		"jsonEscape": jsonEscape,
+
+		// htmlEscape applies html-escaping to q, so it can be safely embedded as plaintext into html.
+		//
+		// See also safeHtml.
+		"htmlEscape": htmlEscape,
+
+		// stripPort splits string into host and port, then returns only host.
+		"stripPort": func(hostPort string) string {
+			host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(hostPort)
+			if err != nil {
+				return hostPort
+			}
+			return host
+		},
+
+		// stripDomain removes the domain part of a FQDN. Leaves port untouched.
+		"stripDomain": func(hostPort string) string {
+			host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(hostPort)
+			if err != nil {
+				host = hostPort
+			}
+			ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+			if ip != nil {
+				return hostPort
+			}
+			host = strings.Split(host, ".")[0]
+			if port != "" {
+				return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+			}
+			return host
+		},
+
+		// match reports whether the string s
+		// contains any match of the regular expression pattern.
+		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/#MatchString
+		"match": regexp.MatchString,
+
+		// reReplaceAll ReplaceAllString returns a copy of src, replacing matches of the Regexp with
+		// the replacement string repl. Inside repl, $ signs are interpreted as in Expand,
+		// so for instance $1 represents the text of the first submatch.
+		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.ReplaceAllString
+		"reReplaceAll": func(pattern, repl, text string) string {
+			re := regexp.MustCompile(pattern)
+			return re.ReplaceAllString(text, repl)
+		},
+
+		// parseDuration parses a duration string such as "1h" into the number of seconds it represents
+		"parseDuration": func(s string) (float64, error) {
+			d, err := promutils.ParseDuration(s)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			return d.Seconds(), nil
+		},
+
+		// same with parseDuration but returns a time.Duration
+		"parseDurationTime": func(s string) (time.Duration, error) {
+			d, err := promutils.ParseDuration(s)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			return d, nil
+		},
+
+		/* Numbers */
+
+		// humanize converts given number to a human readable format
+		// by adding metric prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix
+		"humanize": func(i any) (string, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			if v == 0 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
+			}
+			if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
+				prefix := ""
+				for _, p := range []string{"k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y"} {
+					if math.Abs(v) < 1000 {
+						break
+					}
+					prefix = p
+					v /= 1000
+				}
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%s", v, prefix), nil
+			}
+			prefix := ""
+			for _, p := range []string{"m", "u", "n", "p", "f", "a", "z", "y"} {
+				if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
+					break
+				}
+				prefix = p
+				v *= 1000
+			}
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%s", v, prefix), nil
+		},
+
+		// humanize1024 converts given number to a human readable format with 1024 as base
+		"humanize1024": func(i any) (string, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			if math.Abs(v) <= 1 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
+			}
+			return formatutil.HumanizeBytes(v), nil
+		},
+
+		// humanizeDuration converts given seconds to a human-readable duration
+		"humanizeDuration": func(i any) (string, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
+			}
+			if v == 0 {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4gs", v), nil
+			}
+			if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
+				sign := ""
+				if v < 0 {
+					sign = "-"
+					v = -v
+				}
+				seconds := int64(v) % 60
+				minutes := (int64(v) / 60) % 60
+				hours := (int64(v) / 60 / 60) % 24
+				days := int64(v) / 60 / 60 / 24
+				// For days to minutes, we display seconds as an integer.
+				if days != 0 {
+					return fmt.Sprintf("%s%dd %dh %dm %ds", sign, days, hours, minutes, seconds), nil
+				}
+				if hours != 0 {
+					return fmt.Sprintf("%s%dh %dm %ds", sign, hours, minutes, seconds), nil
+				}
+				if minutes != 0 {
+					return fmt.Sprintf("%s%dm %ds", sign, minutes, seconds), nil
+				}
+				// For seconds, we display 4 significant digits.
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%s%.4gs", sign, v), nil
+			}
+			prefix := ""
+			for _, p := range []string{"m", "u", "n", "p", "f", "a", "z", "y"} {
+				if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
+					break
+				}
+				prefix = p
+				v *= 1000
+			}
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%ss", v, prefix), nil
+		},
+
+		// humanizePercentage converts given ratio value to a fraction of 100
+		"humanizePercentage": func(i any) (string, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%%", v*100), nil
+		},
+
+		// humanizeTimestamp converts given timestamp to a human readable time equivalent
+		"humanizeTimestamp": func(i any) (string, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
+			}
+			t := timeFromUnixTimestamp(v).Time().UTC()
+			return fmt.Sprint(t), nil
+		},
+
+		// toTime converts given timestamp to a time.Time.
+		"toTime": func(i any) (time.Time, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return time.Time{}, err
+			}
+			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+				return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot convert %v to time.Time", v)
+			}
+			t := timeFromUnixTimestamp(v).Time().UTC()
+			return t, nil
+		},
+
+		/* URLs */
+
+		// externalURL returns value of `external.url` flag
+		"externalURL": func() string {
+			// externalURL function supposed to be substituted at FuncsWithExteralURL().
+			// it is present here only for validation purposes, when there is no
+			// provided datasource.
+			//
+			// return non-empty slice to pass validation with chained functions in template
+			return ""
+		},
+
+		// pathPrefix returns a Path segment from the URL value in `external.url` flag
+		"pathPrefix": func() string {
+			// pathPrefix function supposed to be substituted at FuncsWithExteralURL().
+			// it is present here only for validation purposes, when there is no
+			// provided datasource.
+			//
+			// return non-empty slice to pass validation with chained functions in template
+			return ""
+		},
+
+		// pathEscape escapes the string so it can be safely placed inside a URL path segment.
+		//
+		// See also queryEscape.
+		"pathEscape": url.PathEscape,
+
+		// queryEscape escapes the string so it can be safely placed inside a query arg in URL.
+		//
+		// See also queryEscape.
+		"queryEscape": url.QueryEscape,
+
+		// first returns the first by order element from the given metrics list.
+		// usually used alongside with `query` template function.
+		"first": func(metrics []metric) (metric, error) {
+			if len(metrics) > 0 {
+				return metrics[0], nil
+			}
+			return metric{}, errors.New("first() called on vector with no elements")
+		},
+
+		// label returns the value of the given label name for the given metric.
+		// usually used alongside with `query` template function.
+		"label": func(label string, m metric) string {
+			return m.Labels[label]
+		},
+
+		// value returns the value of the given metric.
+		// usually used alongside with `query` template function.
+		"value": func(m metric) float64 {
+			return m.Value
+		},
+
+		// strvalue returns metric name.
+		"strvalue": func(m metric) string {
+			return m.Labels["__name__"]
+		},
+
+		// sortByLabel sorts the given metrics by provided label key
+		"sortByLabel": func(label string, metrics []metric) []metric {
+			sort.SliceStable(metrics, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return metrics[i].Labels[label] < metrics[j].Labels[label]
+			})
+			return metrics
+		},
+
+		/* Helpers */
+
+		// Converts a list of objects to a map with keys arg0, arg1 etc.
+		// This is intended to allow multiple arguments to be passed to templates.
+		"args": func(args ...any) map[string]any {
+			result := make(map[string]any)
+			for i, a := range args {
+				result[fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", i)] = a
+			}
+			return result
+		},
+
+		// safeHtml marks string as HTML not requiring auto-escaping.
+		//
+		// See also htmlEscape.
+		"safeHtml": func(text string) htmlTpl.HTML {
+			return htmlTpl.HTML(text)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// metric is private copy of datasource.Metric,
+// it is used for templating annotations,
+// Labels as map simplifies templates evaluation.
+type metric struct {
+	Labels    map[string]string
+	Timestamp int64
+	Value     float64
+}
+
+// datasourceMetricsToTemplateMetrics converts Metrics from datasource package to private copy for templating.
+func datasourceMetricsToTemplateMetrics(ms []datasource.Metric) []metric {
+	mss := make([]metric, 0, len(ms))
+	for _, m := range ms {
+		labelsMap := make(map[string]string, len(m.Labels))
+		for _, labelValue := range m.Labels {
+			labelsMap[labelValue.Name] = labelValue.Value
+		}
+		mss = append(mss, metric{
+			Labels:    labelsMap,
+			Timestamp: m.Timestamps[0],
+			Value:     m.Values[0]})
+	}
+	return mss
+}
+
+// QueryFn is used to wrap a call to datasource into simple-to-use function
+// for templating functions.
+type QueryFn func(query string) ([]datasource.Metric, error)
+
+// FuncsWithQuery returns a function map that depends on metric data
+func FuncsWithQuery(query QueryFn) textTpl.FuncMap {
+	return textTpl.FuncMap{
+		"query": func(q string) ([]metric, error) {
+			if query == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot execute query %q: query is not available in this context", q)
+			}
+
+			result, err := query(q)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return datasourceMetricsToTemplateMetrics(result), nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// Time is the number of milliseconds since the epoch
+// (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC) excluding leap seconds.
+type Time int64
+
+// timeFromUnixTimestamp returns the Time equivalent to t in unix timestamp.
+func timeFromUnixTimestamp(t float64) Time {
+	return Time(t * 1e3)
+}
+
+// The number of nanoseconds per minimum tick.
+const nanosPerTick = int64(minimumTick / time.Nanosecond)
+
+// MinimumTick is the minimum supported time resolution. This has to be
+// at least time.Second in order for the code below to work.
+const minimumTick = time.Millisecond
+
+// second is the Time duration equivalent to one second.
+const second = int64(time.Second / minimumTick)
+
+// Time returns the time.Time representation of t.
+func (t Time) Time() time.Time {
+	return time.Unix(int64(t)/second, (int64(t)%second)*nanosPerTick)
+}
+
+func toFloat64(v any) (float64, error) {
+	switch i := v.(type) {
+	case float64:
+		return i, nil
+	case float32:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case int64:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case int32:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case int:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case uint64:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case uint32:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case uint:
+		return float64(i), nil
+	case string:
+		return strconv.ParseFloat(i, 64)
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected value type %v", i)
+	}
+}

app/vmalert/templates/init_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package templates
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	textTpl "text/template"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	if err := Init([]string{}, nil, url.URL{}); err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("failed to load template for test")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}
+
+func TestTemplateFuncs_Match(t *testing.T) {
+	funcs := templateFuncs()
+	// check "match" func
+	matchFunc := funcs["match"].(func(pattern, s string) (bool, error))
+	if _, err := matchFunc("invalid[regexp", "abc"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error on invalid regexp")
+	}
+	ok, err := matchFunc("abc", "def")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error")
+	}
+	if ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected match")
+	}
+	ok, err = matchFunc("a.+b", "acsdb")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error")
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTemplateFuncs_Formatting(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(funcName string, p any, resultExpected string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		funcs := templateFuncs()
+		v := funcs[funcName]
+		fLocal := v.(func(s any) (string, error))
+		result, err := fLocal(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error for %s(%f): %s", funcName, p, err)
+		}
+		if result != resultExpected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected result for %s(%f); got\n%s\nwant\n%s", funcName, p, result, resultExpected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("humanize1024", float64(0), "0")
+	f("humanize1024", math.Inf(0), "+Inf")
+	f("humanize1024", math.NaN(), "NaN")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(127087), "124.1ki")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(130137088), "124.1Mi")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(133260378112), "124.1Gi")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(136458627186688), "124.1Ti")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(139733634239168512), "124.1Pi")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(143087241460908556288), "124.1Ei")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(146521335255970361638912), "124.1Zi")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(150037847302113650318245888), "124.1Yi")
+	f("humanize1024", float64(153638755637364377925883789312), "1.271e+05Yi")
+
+	f("humanize", float64(127087), "127.1k")
+	f("humanize", float64(136458627186688), "136.5T")
+
+	f("humanizeDuration", 1, "1s")
+	f("humanizeDuration", 0.2, "200ms")
+	f("humanizeDuration", 42000, "11h 40m 0s")
+	f("humanizeDuration", 16790555, "194d 8h 2m 35s")
+
+	f("humanizePercentage", 1, "100%")
+	f("humanizePercentage", 0.8, "80%")
+	f("humanizePercentage", 0.015, "1.5%")
+
+	f("humanizeTimestamp", 1679055557, "2023-03-17 12:19:17 +0000 UTC")
+}
+
+func TestTemplateFuncs_StringConversion(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(funcName, s, resultExpected string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		funcs := templateFuncs()
+		v := funcs[funcName]
+		fLocal := v.(func(s string) string)
+		result := fLocal(s)
+		if result != resultExpected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected result for %s(%q); got\n%s\nwant\n%s", funcName, s, result, resultExpected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f("title", "foo bar", "Foo Bar")
+	f("toUpper", "foo", "FOO")
+	f("toLower", "FOO", "foo")
+	f("pathEscape", "foo/bar\n+baz", "foo%2Fbar%0A+baz")
+	f("queryEscape", "foo+bar\n+baz", "foo%2Bbar%0A%2Bbaz")
+	f("jsonEscape", `foo{bar="baz"}`+"\n + 1", `"foo{bar=\"baz\"}\n + 1"`)
+	f("quotesEscape", `foo{bar="baz"}`+"\n + 1", `foo{bar=\"baz\"}\n + 1`)
+	f("htmlEscape", "foo < 10\nabc", "foo &lt; 10\nabc")
+	f("crlfEscape", "foo\nbar\rx", `foo\nbar\rx`)
+	f("stripPort", "foo", "foo")
+	f("stripPort", "foo:1234", "foo")
+	f("stripDomain", "foo.bar.baz", "foo")
+	f("stripDomain", "foo.bar:123", "foo:123")
+}
+
+func TestTemplatesLoad_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(pathPatterns []string, expectedTmpl *textTpl.Template) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		masterTmplOrig := masterTmpl
+		defer func() {
+			masterTmpl = masterTmplOrig
+		}()
+		masterTmpl = nil
+
+		if err := LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("cannot load templates: %s", err)
+		}
+		if !isTemplatesTheSame(masterTmpl, expectedTmpl) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected template\ngot\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", masterTmpl, expectedTmpl)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// non existing path
+	pathPatterns := []string{
+		"templates/non-existing/good-*.tpl",
+		"templates/absent/good-*.tpl",
+	}
+	expectedTmpl := textTpl.Must(newTemplate("").Parse(""))
+	f(pathPatterns, expectedTmpl)
+
+	// existing path
+	pathPatterns = []string{
+		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
+	}
+	expectedTmpl = textTpl.Must(newTemplate("").Parse(`
+		{{- define "good0-test.tpl" -}}{{- end -}}
+		{{- define "test.0" -}}
+			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
+		{{- end -}}
+		{{- define "test.2" -}}
+			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
+		{{- end -}}
+		{{- define "test.3" -}}
+			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
+		{{- end -}}
+	`))
+	f(pathPatterns, expectedTmpl)
+
+	// template update
+	pathPatterns = []string{
+		"templates/other/nested/good0-*.tpl",
+	}
+	expectedTmpl = textTpl.Must(newTemplate("").Parse(`
+		{{- define "good0-test.tpl" -}}{{- end -}}
+		{{- define "test.0" -}}
+			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
+		{{- end -}}
+		{{- define "test.1" -}}
+			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
+		{{- end -}}
+		{{- define "test.3" -}}
+			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
+		{{- end -}}
+	`))
+	f(pathPatterns, expectedTmpl)
+}
+
+func TestTemplatesLoad_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(pathPatterns []string, expectedErrStr string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		err := LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
+		}
+
+		errStr := err.Error()
+		if !strings.Contains(errStr, expectedErrStr) {
+			t.Fatalf("the returned error %q doesn't contain %q", errStr, expectedErrStr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// load template with syntax error
+	f([]string{
+		"templates/other/nested/bad0-*.tpl",
+		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
+	}, "failed to parse template glob")
+}
+
+func TestTemplatesReload(t *testing.T) {
+	masterTmplOrig := masterTmpl
+	defer func() {
+		masterTmpl = masterTmplOrig
+	}()
+	masterTmpl = nil
+
+	// load with non existing path
+	pathPatterns := []string{
+		"templates/non-existing/good-*.tpl",
+		"templates/absent/good-*.tpl",
+	}
+	if err := LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot load templates: %s", err)
+	}
+	tpl1 := GetCurrentTmpl()
+
+	// reload with existing path
+	pathPatterns = []string{
+		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
+	}
+	if err := LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot load templates: %s", err)
+	}
+	tpl2 := GetCurrentTmpl()
+	if isTemplatesTheSame(tpl1, tpl2) {
+		t.Fatalf("tpl1 should be different from tpl2")
+	}
+
+	// reload the same path
+	pathPatterns = []string{
+		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
+	}
+	if err := LoadTemplateFile(pathPatterns); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot load templates: %s", err)
+	}
+	tpl3 := GetCurrentTmpl()
+	if !isTemplatesTheSame(tpl2, tpl3) || tpl2.Name() != tpl3.Name() {
+		t.Fatalf("tpl3 should be the same as tpl2")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsTemplateTheSame(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(tmpl1, tmpl2 *textTpl.Template, isTheSame bool) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		if isTemplatesTheSame(tmpl1, tmpl2) != isTheSame {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected result for isTemplatesTheSame")
+		}
+	}
+
+	tmpl1 := textTpl.Must(newTemplate("t1").Parse("{{- define \"test\" -}}{{- end -}}"))
+	tmpl2 := textTpl.Must(newTemplate("t2").Parse("{{- define \"test\" -}}{{- end -}}"))
+	f(tmpl1, tmpl2, true)
+
+	tmpl1, _ = tmpl1.Parse("{{- define \"test2\" -}}{{- end -}}")
+	f(tmpl1, tmpl2, false)
+
+	tmpl2, _ = tmpl2.Parse("{{- define \"test3\" -}}{{- end -}}")
+	f(tmpl1, tmpl2, false)
+}

app/vmalert/templates/template.go

@@ -1,593 +1,95 @@
-// Copyright 2013 The Prometheus Authors
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
 package templates
 
 import (
-	"errors"
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	htmlTpl "html/template"
-	"io"
-	"math"
-	"net"
-	"net/url"
-	"regexp"
-	"sort"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	textTpl "text/template"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/formatutil"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promutils"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 )
 
-// go template execution fails when it's tree is empty
-const defaultTemplate = `{{- define "default.template" -}}{{- end -}}`
+// supported variables are list in https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/#templating.
+const tplHeaders = `{{ $value := .Value }}{{ $labels := .Labels }}{{ $expr := .Expr }}{{ $externalLabels := .ExternalLabels }}{{ $externalURL := .ExternalURL }}{{ $alertID := .AlertID }}{{ $groupID := .GroupID }}{{ $activeAt := .ActiveAt }}{{ $for := .For }}`
 
-var tplMu sync.RWMutex
-
-type textTemplate struct {
-	current     *textTpl.Template
-	replacement *textTpl.Template
+// AlertTplData is used to execute templating
+type AlertTplData struct {
+	Labels   map[string]string
+	Value    float64
+	Expr     string
+	AlertID  uint64
+	GroupID  uint64
+	ActiveAt time.Time
+	For      time.Duration
 }
 
-var masterTmpl textTemplate
-
-func newTemplate() *textTpl.Template {
-	tmpl := textTpl.New("").Option("missingkey=zero").Funcs(templateFuncs())
-	return textTpl.Must(tmpl.Parse(defaultTemplate))
-}
-
-// Load func loads templates from multiple globs specified in pathPatterns and either
-// sets them directly to current template if it's undefined or with overwrite=true
-// or sets replacement templates and adds templates with new names to a current
-func Load(pathPatterns []string, overwrite bool) error {
-	var err error
-	tmpl := newTemplate()
-	for _, tp := range pathPatterns {
-		p, err := doublestar.FilepathGlob(tp)
+// ValidateTemplates validates the given annotations,
+// mock the `query` function during validation.
+func ValidateTemplates(annotations map[string]string) error {
+	// it's ok to reuse one template for multiple text validations.
+	tmpl := GetCurrentTmpl()
+	tmpl = tmpl.Funcs(FuncsWithQuery(nil))
+	for _, v := range annotations {
+		_, err := tmpl.Parse(tplHeaders + v)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve a template glob %q: %w", tp, err)
-		}
-		if len(p) > 0 {
-			tmpl, err = tmpl.ParseFiles(p...)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse template glob %q: %w", tp, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if len(tmpl.Templates()) > 0 {
-		err := tmpl.Execute(io.Discard, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute template: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	tplMu.Lock()
-	defer tplMu.Unlock()
-	if masterTmpl.current == nil || overwrite {
-		masterTmpl.replacement = nil
-		masterTmpl.current = newTemplate()
-	} else {
-		masterTmpl.replacement = newTemplate()
-		if err = copyTemplates(tmpl, masterTmpl.replacement, overwrite); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return copyTemplates(tmpl, masterTmpl.current, overwrite)
-}
-
-func copyTemplates(from *textTpl.Template, to *textTpl.Template, overwrite bool) error {
-	if from == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if to == nil {
-		to = newTemplate()
-	}
-	tmpl, err := from.Clone()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, t := range tmpl.Templates() {
-		if to.Lookup(t.Name()) == nil || overwrite {
-			to, err = to.AddParseTree(t.Name(), t.Tree)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to add template %q: %w", t.Name(), err)
-			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse text %q into template: %w", v, err)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Reload func replaces current template with a replacement template
-// which was set by Load with override=false
-func Reload() {
-	tplMu.Lock()
-	defer tplMu.Unlock()
-	if masterTmpl.replacement != nil {
-		masterTmpl.current = masterTmpl.replacement
-		masterTmpl.replacement = nil
-	}
-}
-
-// metric is private copy of datasource.Metric,
-// it is used for templating annotations,
-// Labels as map simplifies templates evaluation.
-type metric struct {
-	Labels    map[string]string
-	Timestamp int64
-	Value     float64
-}
-
-// datasourceMetricsToTemplateMetrics converts Metrics from datasource package to private copy for templating.
-func datasourceMetricsToTemplateMetrics(ms []datasource.Metric) []metric {
-	mss := make([]metric, 0, len(ms))
-	for _, m := range ms {
-		labelsMap := make(map[string]string, len(m.Labels))
-		for _, labelValue := range m.Labels {
-			labelsMap[labelValue.Name] = labelValue.Value
-		}
-		mss = append(mss, metric{
-			Labels:    labelsMap,
-			Timestamp: m.Timestamps[0],
-			Value:     m.Values[0]})
-	}
-	return mss
-}
-
-// QueryFn is used to wrap a call to datasource into simple-to-use function
-// for templating functions.
-type QueryFn func(query string) ([]datasource.Metric, error)
-
-// UpdateWithFuncs updates existing or sets a new function map for a template
-func UpdateWithFuncs(funcs textTpl.FuncMap) {
-	tplMu.Lock()
-	defer tplMu.Unlock()
-	masterTmpl.current = masterTmpl.current.Funcs(funcs)
-}
-
-// GetWithFuncs returns a copy of current template with additional FuncMap
-// provided with funcs argument
-func GetWithFuncs(funcs textTpl.FuncMap) (*textTpl.Template, error) {
+// GetCurrentTmpl returns a copy of the current global template
+func GetCurrentTmpl() *textTpl.Template {
 	tplMu.RLock()
 	defer tplMu.RUnlock()
-	tmpl, err := masterTmpl.current.Clone()
+	tmpl, err := masterTmpl.Clone()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		logger.Panicf("failed to clone current rule template: %w", err)
 	}
-	// Clone() doesn't copy tpl Options, so we set them manually
-	tmpl = tmpl.Option("missingkey=zero")
-	return tmpl.Funcs(funcs), nil
+	return tmpl
 }
 
-// Get returns a copy of a template
-func Get() (*textTpl.Template, error) {
-	tplMu.RLock()
-	defer tplMu.RUnlock()
-	return masterTmpl.current.Clone()
+type tplData struct {
+	AlertTplData
+	ExternalLabels map[string]string
+	ExternalURL    string
 }
 
-// FuncsWithQuery returns a function map that depends on metric data
-func FuncsWithQuery(query QueryFn) textTpl.FuncMap {
-	return textTpl.FuncMap{
-		"query": func(q string) ([]metric, error) {
-			if query == nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot execute query %q: query is not available in this context", q)
-			}
+// ParseWithFixedHeader parses the text with the fixed tplHeaders into the given template
+func ParseWithFixedHeader(text string, tpl *textTpl.Template) (*textTpl.Template, error) {
+	return tpl.Parse(tplHeaders + text)
+}
 
-			result, err := query(q)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return datasourceMetricsToTemplateMetrics(result), nil
-		},
+// ExecuteWithoutTemplate retrieves the current global templates, parses the text and executes with the given data
+func ExecuteWithoutTemplate(q QueryFn, text string, data AlertTplData) (string, error) {
+	if !strings.Contains(text, "{{") || !strings.Contains(text, "}}") {
+		return text, nil
 	}
-}
 
-// FuncsWithExternalURL returns a function map that depends on externalURL value
-func FuncsWithExternalURL(externalURL *url.URL) textTpl.FuncMap {
-	return textTpl.FuncMap{
-		"externalURL": func() string {
-			return externalURL.String()
-		},
+	var err error
+	tmpl := GetCurrentTmpl()
+	tmpl = tmpl.Funcs(FuncsWithQuery(q))
+	tmpl, err = tmpl.Parse(tplHeaders + text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse text %q into template: %w", text, err)
 
-		"pathPrefix": func() string {
-			return externalURL.Path
-		},
 	}
+	return ExecuteWithTemplate(data, tmpl)
 }
 
-// templateFuncs initiates template helper functions
-func templateFuncs() textTpl.FuncMap {
-	// See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/template_reference/
-	// and https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/fa6e05903fd3ce52e374a6e1bf4eb98c9f1f45a7/template/template.go#L150
-	return textTpl.FuncMap{
-		/* Strings */
-
-		// title returns a copy of the string s with all Unicode letters
-		// that begin words mapped to their Unicode title case.
-		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/strings/#Title
-		"title": strings.Title,
-
-		// toUpper returns s with all Unicode letters mapped to their upper case.
-		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/strings/#ToUpper
-		"toUpper": strings.ToUpper,
-
-		// toLower returns s with all Unicode letters mapped to their lower case.
-		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/strings/#ToLower
-		"toLower": strings.ToLower,
-
-		// crlfEscape replaces '\n' and '\r' chars with `\\n` and `\\r`.
-		// This function is deprecated.
-		//
-		// It is better to use quotesEscape, jsonEscape, queryEscape or pathEscape instead -
-		// these functions properly escape `\n` and `\r` chars according to their purpose.
-		"crlfEscape": func(q string) string {
-			q = strings.Replace(q, "\n", `\n`, -1)
-			return strings.Replace(q, "\r", `\r`, -1)
-		},
-
-		// quotesEscape escapes the string, so it can be safely put inside JSON string.
-		//
-		// See also jsonEscape.
-		"quotesEscape": quotesEscape,
-
-		// jsonEscape converts the string to properly encoded JSON string.
-		//
-		// See also quotesEscape.
-		"jsonEscape": jsonEscape,
-
-		// htmlEscape applies html-escaping to q, so it can be safely embedded as plaintext into html.
-		//
-		// See also safeHtml.
-		"htmlEscape": htmlEscape,
-
-		// stripPort splits string into host and port, then returns only host.
-		"stripPort": func(hostPort string) string {
-			host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(hostPort)
-			if err != nil {
-				return hostPort
-			}
-			return host
-		},
-
-		// stripDomain removes the domain part of a FQDN. Leaves port untouched.
-		"stripDomain": func(hostPort string) string {
-			host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(hostPort)
-			if err != nil {
-				host = hostPort
-			}
-			ip := net.ParseIP(host)
-			if ip != nil {
-				return hostPort
-			}
-			host = strings.Split(host, ".")[0]
-			if port != "" {
-				return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
-			}
-			return host
-		},
-
-		// match reports whether the string s
-		// contains any match of the regular expression pattern.
-		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/#MatchString
-		"match": regexp.MatchString,
-
-		// reReplaceAll ReplaceAllString returns a copy of src, replacing matches of the Regexp with
-		// the replacement string repl. Inside repl, $ signs are interpreted as in Expand,
-		// so for instance $1 represents the text of the first submatch.
-		// alias for https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.ReplaceAllString
-		"reReplaceAll": func(pattern, repl, text string) string {
-			re := regexp.MustCompile(pattern)
-			return re.ReplaceAllString(text, repl)
-		},
-
-		// parseDuration parses a duration string such as "1h" into the number of seconds it represents
-		"parseDuration": func(s string) (float64, error) {
-			d, err := promutils.ParseDuration(s)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			return d.Seconds(), nil
-		},
-
-		// same with parseDuration but returns a time.Duration
-		"parseDurationTime": func(s string) (time.Duration, error) {
-			d, err := promutils.ParseDuration(s)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-			return d, nil
-		},
-
-		/* Numbers */
-
-		// humanize converts given number to a human readable format
-		// by adding metric prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix
-		"humanize": func(i any) (string, error) {
-			v, err := toFloat64(i)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			if v == 0 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
-			}
-			if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
-				prefix := ""
-				for _, p := range []string{"k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y"} {
-					if math.Abs(v) < 1000 {
-						break
-					}
-					prefix = p
-					v /= 1000
-				}
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%s", v, prefix), nil
-			}
-			prefix := ""
-			for _, p := range []string{"m", "u", "n", "p", "f", "a", "z", "y"} {
-				if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
-					break
-				}
-				prefix = p
-				v *= 1000
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%s", v, prefix), nil
-		},
-
-		// humanize1024 converts given number to a human readable format with 1024 as base
-		"humanize1024": func(i any) (string, error) {
-			v, err := toFloat64(i)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			if math.Abs(v) <= 1 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
-			}
-			return formatutil.HumanizeBytes(v), nil
-		},
-
-		// humanizeDuration converts given seconds to a human-readable duration
-		"humanizeDuration": func(i any) (string, error) {
-			v, err := toFloat64(i)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
-			}
-			if v == 0 {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4gs", v), nil
-			}
-			if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
-				sign := ""
-				if v < 0 {
-					sign = "-"
-					v = -v
-				}
-				seconds := int64(v) % 60
-				minutes := (int64(v) / 60) % 60
-				hours := (int64(v) / 60 / 60) % 24
-				days := int64(v) / 60 / 60 / 24
-				// For days to minutes, we display seconds as an integer.
-				if days != 0 {
-					return fmt.Sprintf("%s%dd %dh %dm %ds", sign, days, hours, minutes, seconds), nil
-				}
-				if hours != 0 {
-					return fmt.Sprintf("%s%dh %dm %ds", sign, hours, minutes, seconds), nil
-				}
-				if minutes != 0 {
-					return fmt.Sprintf("%s%dm %ds", sign, minutes, seconds), nil
-				}
-				// For seconds, we display 4 significant digits.
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%s%.4gs", sign, v), nil
-			}
-			prefix := ""
-			for _, p := range []string{"m", "u", "n", "p", "f", "a", "z", "y"} {
-				if math.Abs(v) >= 1 {
-					break
-				}
-				prefix = p
-				v *= 1000
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%ss", v, prefix), nil
-		},
-
-		// humanizePercentage converts given ratio value to a fraction of 100
-		"humanizePercentage": func(i any) (string, error) {
-			v, err := toFloat64(i)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g%%", v*100), nil
-		},
-
-		// humanizeTimestamp converts given timestamp to a human readable time equivalent
-		"humanizeTimestamp": func(i any) (string, error) {
-			v, err := toFloat64(i)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", err
-			}
-			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("%.4g", v), nil
-			}
-			t := timeFromUnixTimestamp(v).Time().UTC()
-			return fmt.Sprint(t), nil
-		},
-
-		// toTime converts given timestamp to a time.Time.
-		"toTime": func(i any) (time.Time, error) {
-			v, err := toFloat64(i)
-			if err != nil {
-				return time.Time{}, err
-			}
-			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
-				return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot convert %v to time.Time", v)
-			}
-			t := timeFromUnixTimestamp(v).Time().UTC()
-			return t, nil
-		},
-
-		/* URLs */
-
-		// externalURL returns value of `external.url` flag
-		"externalURL": func() string {
-			// externalURL function supposed to be substituted at FuncsWithExteralURL().
-			// it is present here only for validation purposes, when there is no
-			// provided datasource.
-			//
-			// return non-empty slice to pass validation with chained functions in template
-			return ""
-		},
-
-		// pathPrefix returns a Path segment from the URL value in `external.url` flag
-		"pathPrefix": func() string {
-			// pathPrefix function supposed to be substituted at FuncsWithExteralURL().
-			// it is present here only for validation purposes, when there is no
-			// provided datasource.
-			//
-			// return non-empty slice to pass validation with chained functions in template
-			return ""
-		},
-
-		// pathEscape escapes the string so it can be safely placed inside a URL path segment.
-		//
-		// See also queryEscape.
-		"pathEscape": url.PathEscape,
-
-		// queryEscape escapes the string so it can be safely placed inside a query arg in URL.
-		//
-		// See also queryEscape.
-		"queryEscape": url.QueryEscape,
-
-		// query executes the MetricsQL/PromQL query against
-		// configured `datasource.url` address.
-		// For example, {{ query "foo" | first | value }} will
-		// execute "/api/v1/query?query=foo" request and will return
-		// the first value in response.
-		"query": func(_ string) ([]metric, error) {
-			// query function supposed to be substituted at FuncsWithQuery().
-			// it is present here only for validation purposes, when there is no
-			// provided datasource.
-			//
-			// return non-empty slice to pass validation with chained functions in template
-			// see issue #989 for details
-			return []metric{{}}, nil
-		},
-
-		// first returns the first by order element from the given metrics list.
-		// usually used alongside with `query` template function.
-		"first": func(metrics []metric) (metric, error) {
-			if len(metrics) > 0 {
-				return metrics[0], nil
-			}
-			return metric{}, errors.New("first() called on vector with no elements")
-		},
-
-		// label returns the value of the given label name for the given metric.
-		// usually used alongside with `query` template function.
-		"label": func(label string, m metric) string {
-			return m.Labels[label]
-		},
-
-		// value returns the value of the given metric.
-		// usually used alongside with `query` template function.
-		"value": func(m metric) float64 {
-			return m.Value
-		},
-
-		// strvalue returns metric name.
-		"strvalue": func(m metric) string {
-			return m.Labels["__name__"]
-		},
-
-		// sortByLabel sorts the given metrics by provided label key
-		"sortByLabel": func(label string, metrics []metric) []metric {
-			sort.SliceStable(metrics, func(i, j int) bool {
-				return metrics[i].Labels[label] < metrics[j].Labels[label]
-			})
-			return metrics
-		},
-
-		/* Helpers */
-
-		// Converts a list of objects to a map with keys arg0, arg1 etc.
-		// This is intended to allow multiple arguments to be passed to templates.
-		"args": func(args ...any) map[string]any {
-			result := make(map[string]any)
-			for i, a := range args {
-				result[fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", i)] = a
-			}
-			return result
-		},
-
-		// safeHtml marks string as HTML not requiring auto-escaping.
-		//
-		// See also htmlEscape.
-		"safeHtml": func(text string) htmlTpl.HTML {
-			return htmlTpl.HTML(text)
-		},
+// ExecuteWithTemplate executes with the given template and data
+func ExecuteWithTemplate(data AlertTplData, tpl *textTpl.Template) (string, error) {
+	fullData := tplData{
+		data,
+		externalLabels,
+		externalURL.String(),
 	}
-}
-
-// Time is the number of milliseconds since the epoch
-// (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC) excluding leap seconds.
-type Time int64
-
-// timeFromUnixTimestamp returns the Time equivalent to t in unix timestamp.
-func timeFromUnixTimestamp(t float64) Time {
-	return Time(t * 1e3)
-}
-
-// The number of nanoseconds per minimum tick.
-const nanosPerTick = int64(minimumTick / time.Nanosecond)
-
-// MinimumTick is the minimum supported time resolution. This has to be
-// at least time.Second in order for the code below to work.
-const minimumTick = time.Millisecond
-
-// second is the Time duration equivalent to one second.
-const second = int64(time.Second / minimumTick)
-
-// Time returns the time.Time representation of t.
-func (t Time) Time() time.Time {
-	return time.Unix(int64(t)/second, (int64(t)%second)*nanosPerTick)
-}
-
-func toFloat64(v any) (float64, error) {
-	switch i := v.(type) {
-	case float64:
-		return i, nil
-	case float32:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case int64:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case int32:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case int:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case uint64:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case uint32:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case uint:
-		return float64(i), nil
-	case string:
-		return strconv.ParseFloat(i, 64)
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected value type %v", i)
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	// returns the zero value for the map type's element
+	tpl.Option("missingkey=zero")
+	if err := tpl.Execute(&buf, fullData); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to execute template: %w", err)
 	}
+	return buf.String(), nil
 }

app/vmalert/templates/template_test.go

@@ -1,348 +1,226 @@
 package templates
 
 import (
-	"math"
-	"strings"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
 	"testing"
-	textTpl "text/template"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
 )
 
-func TestTemplateFuncs_StringConversion(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(funcName, s, resultExpected string) {
+func TestValidateTemplates(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(annotations map[string]string, isValid bool) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		funcs := templateFuncs()
-		v := funcs[funcName]
-		fLocal := v.(func(s string) string)
-		result := fLocal(s)
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result for %s(%q); got\n%s\nwant\n%s", funcName, s, result, resultExpected)
+		err := ValidateTemplates(annotations)
+		if (err == nil) != isValid {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to validate template, got %t; want %t", (err == nil), isValid)
 		}
 	}
 
-	f("title", "foo bar", "Foo Bar")
-	f("toUpper", "foo", "FOO")
-	f("toLower", "FOO", "foo")
-	f("pathEscape", "foo/bar\n+baz", "foo%2Fbar%0A+baz")
-	f("queryEscape", "foo+bar\n+baz", "foo%2Bbar%0A%2Bbaz")
-	f("jsonEscape", `foo{bar="baz"}`+"\n + 1", `"foo{bar=\"baz\"}\n + 1"`)
-	f("quotesEscape", `foo{bar="baz"}`+"\n + 1", `foo{bar=\"baz\"}\n + 1`)
-	f("htmlEscape", "foo < 10\nabc", "foo &lt; 10\nabc")
-	f("crlfEscape", "foo\nbar\rx", `foo\nbar\rx`)
-	f("stripPort", "foo", "foo")
-	f("stripPort", "foo:1234", "foo")
-	f("stripDomain", "foo.bar.baz", "foo")
-	f("stripDomain", "foo.bar:123", "foo:123")
+	// empty
+	f(map[string]string{}, true)
+
+	// wrong text
+	f(map[string]string{
+		"summary": "{{",
+	}, false)
+
+	// valid
+	f(map[string]string{
+		"value":   "{{$value}}",
+		"summary": "it's a test summary",
+	}, true)
+
+	// invalid variable
+	f(map[string]string{
+		"value":   "{{$invalidValue}}",
+		"summary": "it's a test summary",
+	}, false)
 }
 
-func TestTemplateFuncs_Match(t *testing.T) {
-	funcs := templateFuncs()
-	// check "match" func
-	matchFunc := funcs["match"].(func(pattern, s string) (bool, error))
-	if _, err := matchFunc("invalid[regexp", "abc"); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error on invalid regexp")
-	}
-	ok, err := matchFunc("abc", "def")
+func TestExecuteWithoutTemplate(t *testing.T) {
+	extLabels := make(map[string]string)
+	const (
+		extCluster = "prod"
+		extDC      = "east"
+		extURL     = "https://foo.bar"
+	)
+	url, _ := url.Parse(extURL)
+	extLabels["cluster"] = extCluster
+	extLabels["dc"] = extDC
+
+	err := Init(nil, extLabels, *url)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error")
+		t.Fatalf("cannot init templates: %s", err)
 	}
-	if ok {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected match")
-	}
-	ok, err = matchFunc("a.+b", "acsdb")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error")
-	}
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected mismatch")
-	}
-}
 
-func TestTemplateFuncs_Formatting(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(funcName string, p any, resultExpected string) {
+	f := func(data AlertTplData, annotations, expResults map[string]string) {
 		t.Helper()
 
-		funcs := templateFuncs()
-		v := funcs[funcName]
-		fLocal := v.(func(s any) (string, error))
-		result, err := fLocal(p)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error for %s(%f): %s", funcName, p, err)
+		qFn := func(_ string) ([]datasource.Metric, error) {
+			return []datasource.Metric{
+				{
+					Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{
+						{Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+						{Name: "baz", Value: "qux"},
+					},
+					Values:     []float64{1},
+					Timestamps: []int64{1},
+				},
+				{
+					Labels: []prompbmarshal.Label{
+						{Name: "foo", Value: "garply"},
+						{Name: "baz", Value: "fred"},
+					},
+					Values:     []float64{2},
+					Timestamps: []int64{1},
+				},
+			}, nil
 		}
-		if result != resultExpected {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected result for %s(%f); got\n%s\nwant\n%s", funcName, p, result, resultExpected)
-		}
-	}
 
-	f("humanize1024", float64(0), "0")
-	f("humanize1024", math.Inf(0), "+Inf")
-	f("humanize1024", math.NaN(), "NaN")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(127087), "124.1ki")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(130137088), "124.1Mi")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(133260378112), "124.1Gi")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(136458627186688), "124.1Ti")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(139733634239168512), "124.1Pi")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(143087241460908556288), "124.1Ei")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(146521335255970361638912), "124.1Zi")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(150037847302113650318245888), "124.1Yi")
-	f("humanize1024", float64(153638755637364377925883789312), "1.271e+05Yi")
-
-	f("humanize", float64(127087), "127.1k")
-	f("humanize", float64(136458627186688), "136.5T")
-
-	f("humanizeDuration", 1, "1s")
-	f("humanizeDuration", 0.2, "200ms")
-	f("humanizeDuration", 42000, "11h 40m 0s")
-	f("humanizeDuration", 16790555, "194d 8h 2m 35s")
-
-	f("humanizePercentage", 1, "100%")
-	f("humanizePercentage", 0.8, "80%")
-	f("humanizePercentage", 0.015, "1.5%")
-
-	f("humanizeTimestamp", 1679055557, "2023-03-17 12:19:17 +0000 UTC")
-}
-
-func mkTemplate(current, replacement any) textTemplate {
-	tmpl := textTemplate{}
-	if current != nil {
-		switch val := current.(type) {
-		case string:
-			tmpl.current = textTpl.Must(newTemplate().Parse(val))
-		}
-	}
-	if replacement != nil {
-		switch val := replacement.(type) {
-		case string:
-			tmpl.replacement = textTpl.Must(newTemplate().Parse(val))
-		}
-	}
-	return tmpl
-}
-
-func equalTemplates(tmpls ...*textTpl.Template) bool {
-	var cmp *textTpl.Template
-	for i, tmpl := range tmpls {
-		if i == 0 {
-			cmp = tmpl
-		} else {
-			if cmp == nil || tmpl == nil {
-				if cmp != tmpl {
-					return false
-				}
-				continue
+		for k := range annotations {
+			v, err := ExecuteWithoutTemplate(qFn, annotations[k], data)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("cannot execute template: %s", err)
 			}
-			if len(tmpl.Templates()) != len(cmp.Templates()) {
-				return false
-			}
-			for _, t := range tmpl.Templates() {
-				tp := cmp.Lookup(t.Name())
-				if tp == nil {
-					return false
-				}
-				if tp.Root.String() != t.Root.String() {
-					return false
-				}
+			if v != expResults[k] {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected result; got %s; want %s", v, expResults[k])
 			}
 		}
+
 	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func TestTemplatesLoad_Failure(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(pathPatterns []string, expectedErrStr string) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		err := Load(pathPatterns, false)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
-		}
-
-		errStr := err.Error()
-		if !strings.Contains(errStr, expectedErrStr) {
-			t.Fatalf("the returned error %q doesn't contain %q", errStr, expectedErrStr)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// load template with syntax error
-	f([]string{
-		"templates/other/nested/bad0-*.tpl",
-		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
-	}, "failed to parse template glob")
-}
-
-func TestTemplatesLoad_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(initialTmpl textTemplate, pathPatterns []string, overwrite bool, expectedTmpl textTemplate) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		masterTmplOrig := masterTmpl
-		masterTmpl = initialTmpl
-		defer func() {
-			masterTmpl = masterTmplOrig
-		}()
-
-		if err := Load(pathPatterns, overwrite); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("cannot load templates: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		if !equalTemplates(masterTmpl.replacement, expectedTmpl.replacement) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected replacement template\ngot\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", masterTmpl.replacement, expectedTmpl.replacement)
-		}
-		if !equalTemplates(masterTmpl.current, expectedTmpl.current) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected current template\ngot\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", masterTmpl.current, expectedTmpl.current)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// non existing path undefined template override
-	initialTmpl := mkTemplate(nil, nil)
-	pathPatterns := []string{
-		"templates/non-existing/good-*.tpl",
-		"templates/absent/good-*.tpl",
-	}
-	overwrite := true
-	expectedTmpl := mkTemplate(``, nil)
-	f(initialTmpl, pathPatterns, overwrite, expectedTmpl)
-
-	// non existing path defined template override
-	initialTmpl = mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "value" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil)
-	pathPatterns = []string{
-		"templates/non-existing/good-*.tpl",
-		"templates/absent/good-*.tpl",
-	}
-	overwrite = true
-	expectedTmpl = mkTemplate(``, nil)
-	f(initialTmpl, pathPatterns, overwrite, expectedTmpl)
-
-	// existing path undefined template override
-	initialTmpl = mkTemplate(nil, nil)
-	pathPatterns = []string{
-		"templates/other/nested/good0-*.tpl",
-		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
-	}
-	overwrite = false
-	expectedTmpl = mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "good0-test.tpl" -}}{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.0" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.2" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.3" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil)
-	f(initialTmpl, pathPatterns, overwrite, expectedTmpl)
-
-	// existing path defined template override
-	initialTmpl = mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" "world" }}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil)
-	pathPatterns = []string{
-		"templates/other/nested/good0-*.tpl",
-		"templates/test/good0-*.tpl",
-	}
-	overwrite = false
-	expectedTmpl = mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "good0-test.tpl" -}}{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.0" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" "world" }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.2" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.3" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, `
-		{{- define "good0-test.tpl" -}}{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.0" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.2" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.3" -}}
-			{{ printf "Hello %s!" externalURL }}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`)
-	f(initialTmpl, pathPatterns, overwrite, expectedTmpl)
-}
-
-func TestTemplatesReload(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(initialTmpl, expectedTmpl textTemplate) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		masterTmplOrig := masterTmpl
-		masterTmpl = initialTmpl
-		defer func() {
-			masterTmpl = masterTmplOrig
-		}()
-
-		Reload()
-
-		if !equalTemplates(masterTmpl.replacement, expectedTmpl.replacement) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected replacement template\ngot\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", masterTmpl.replacement, expectedTmpl.replacement)
-		}
-		if !equalTemplates(masterTmpl.current, expectedTmpl.current) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected current template\ngot\n%+v\nwant\n%+v", masterTmpl.current, expectedTmpl.current)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// empty current and replacement templates
-	f(mkTemplate(nil, nil), mkTemplate(nil, nil))
-
-	// empty current template only
-	f(mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "value" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil), mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "value" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil))
-
-	// empty replacement template only
-	f(mkTemplate(nil, `
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "value" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`), mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "value" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil))
-
-	// defined both templates
-	f(mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.0" -}}
-			{{- printf "value" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "before" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, `
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "after" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`), mkTemplate(`
-		{{- define "test.1" -}}
-			{{- printf "after" -}}
-		{{- end -}}
-	`, nil))
+
+	// empty-alert
+	f(AlertTplData{}, map[string]string{}, map[string]string{})
+
+	// no-template
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		Value: 1e4,
+		Labels: map[string]string{
+			"instance": "localhost",
+		},
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary":     "it's a test summary",
+		"description": "it's a test description",
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary":     "it's a test summary",
+		"description": "it's a test description",
+	})
+
+	// label-template
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		Value: 1e4,
+		Labels: map[string]string{
+			"job":      "staging",
+			"instance": "localhost",
+		},
+		For: 5 * time.Minute,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary":            "Too high connection number for {{$labels.instance}} for job {{$labels.job}}",
+		"description":        "It is {{ $value }} connections for {{$labels.instance}} for more than {{ .For }}",
+		"non-existing-label": "{{$labels.nonexisting}}",
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary":            "Too high connection number for localhost for job staging",
+		"description":        "It is 10000 connections for localhost for more than 5m0s",
+		"non-existing-label": "",
+	})
+
+	// label template override
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		Value: 1e4,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary":     `{{- define "default.template" -}} {{ printf "summary" }} {{- end -}} {{ template "default.template" . }}`,
+		"description": `{{- define "default.template" -}} {{ printf "description" }} {{- end -}} {{ template "default.template" . }}`,
+		"value":       `{{$value }}`,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary":     "summary",
+		"description": "description",
+		"value":       "10000",
+	})
+
+	// expression-template
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		Expr: `vm_rows{"label"="bar"}<0`,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"exprEscapedQuery":  "{{ $expr|queryEscape }}",
+		"exprEscapedPath":   "{{ $expr|pathEscape }}",
+		"exprEscapedJSON":   "{{ $expr|jsonEscape }}",
+		"exprEscapedQuotes": "{{ $expr|quotesEscape }}",
+		"exprEscapedHTML":   "{{ $expr|htmlEscape }}",
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"exprEscapedQuery":  "vm_rows%7B%22label%22%3D%22bar%22%7D%3C0",
+		"exprEscapedPath":   "vm_rows%7B%22label%22=%22bar%22%7D%3C0",
+		"exprEscapedJSON":   `"vm_rows{\"label\"=\"bar\"}\u003c0"`,
+		"exprEscapedQuotes": `vm_rows{\"label\"=\"bar\"}\u003c0`,
+		"exprEscapedHTML":   "vm_rows{&quot;label&quot;=&quot;bar&quot;}&lt;0",
+	})
+
+	// query function
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		Expr: `vm_rows{"label"="bar"}>0`,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary": `{{ query "foo" | first | value }}`,
+		"desc":    `{{ range query "bar" }}{{ . | label "foo" }} {{ . | value }};{{ end }}`,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"summary": "1",
+		"desc":    "bar 1;garply 2;",
+	})
+
+	// external
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		Value: 1e4,
+		Labels: map[string]string{
+			"job":      "staging",
+			"instance": "localhost",
+		},
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"url":         "{{ $externalURL }}",
+		"summary":     "Issues with {{$labels.instance}} (dc-{{$externalLabels.dc}}) for job {{$labels.job}}",
+		"description": "It is {{ $value }} connections for {{$labels.instance}} (cluster-{{$externalLabels.cluster}})",
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"url":         extURL,
+		"summary":     fmt.Sprintf("Issues with localhost (dc-%s) for job staging", extDC),
+		"description": fmt.Sprintf("It is 10000 connections for localhost (cluster-%s)", extCluster),
+	})
+
+	// alert, group IDs & ActiveAt time
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		AlertID:  42,
+		GroupID:  24,
+		ActiveAt: time.Date(2022, 8, 19, 20, 34, 58, 651387237, time.UTC),
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"url":     "/api/v1/alert?alertID={{$alertID}}&groupID={{$groupID}}",
+		"diagram": "![](http://example.com?render={{$activeAt.Unix}}",
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"url":     "/api/v1/alert?alertID=42&groupID=24",
+		"diagram": "![](http://example.com?render=1660941298",
+	})
+
+	// ActiveAt time is nil
+	f(AlertTplData{}, map[string]string{
+		"default_time": "{{$activeAt}}",
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"default_time": "0001-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC",
+	})
+
+	// ActiveAt custom format
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		ActiveAt: time.Date(2022, 8, 19, 20, 34, 58, 651387237, time.UTC),
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"fire_time": `{{$activeAt.Format "2006/01/02 15:04:05"}}`,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"fire_time": "2022/08/19 20:34:58",
+	})
+
+	// ActiveAt query range
+	f(AlertTplData{
+		ActiveAt: time.Date(2022, 8, 19, 20, 34, 58, 651387237, time.UTC),
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"grafana_url": `vm-grafana.com?from={{($activeAt.Add (parseDurationTime "1h")).Unix}}&to={{($activeAt.Add (parseDurationTime "-1h")).Unix}}`,
+	}, map[string]string{
+		"grafana_url": "vm-grafana.com?from=1660944898&to=1660937698",
+	})
 }

app/vmalert/web_types_test.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/config"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/datasource"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/rule"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
 )
 
 func TestRecordingToApi(t *testing.T) {

app/vmauth/auth_config.go

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -348,6 +350,7 @@ func (up *URLPrefix) discoverBackendAddrsIfNeeded() {
 	hostToAddrs := make(map[string][]string)
 	for _, bu := range up.busOriginal {
 		host := bu.Hostname()
+		port := bu.Port()
 		if hostToAddrs[host] != nil {
 			// ips for the given host have been already discovered
 			continue
@@ -364,7 +367,11 @@ func (up *URLPrefix) discoverBackendAddrsIfNeeded() {
 			} else {
 				resolvedAddrs = make([]string, len(addrs))
 				for i, addr := range addrs {
-					resolvedAddrs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addr.Target, addr.Port)
+					hostPort := port
+					if hostPort == "" && addr.Port > 0 {
+						hostPort = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(addr.Port), 10)
+					}
+					resolvedAddrs[i] = net.JoinHostPort(addr.Target, hostPort)
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -375,7 +382,7 @@ func (up *URLPrefix) discoverBackendAddrsIfNeeded() {
 			} else {
 				resolvedAddrs = make([]string, len(addrs))
 				for i, addr := range addrs {
-					resolvedAddrs[i] = addr.String()
+					resolvedAddrs[i] = net.JoinHostPort(addr.String(), port)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -389,17 +396,9 @@ func (up *URLPrefix) discoverBackendAddrsIfNeeded() {
 	var busNew []*backendURL
 	for _, bu := range up.busOriginal {
 		host := bu.Hostname()
-		port := bu.Port()
 		for _, addr := range hostToAddrs[host] {
 			buCopy := *bu
 			buCopy.Host = addr
-			if port != "" {
-				if n := strings.IndexByte(buCopy.Host, ':'); n >= 0 {
-					// Drop the discovered port and substitute it the port specified in bu.
-					buCopy.Host = buCopy.Host[:n]
-				}
-				buCopy.Host += ":" + port
-			}
 			busNew = append(busNew, &backendURL{
 				url: &buCopy,
 			})
@@ -783,10 +782,11 @@ func parseAuthConfig(data []byte) (*AuthConfig, error) {
 
 func parseAuthConfigUsers(ac *AuthConfig) (map[string]*UserInfo, error) {
 	uis := ac.Users
-	if len(uis) == 0 && ac.UnauthorizedUser == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Missing `users` or `unauthorized_user` sections")
-	}
 	byAuthToken := make(map[string]*UserInfo, len(uis))
+	if len(uis) == 0 && ac.UnauthorizedUser == nil {
+		// fast path for empty configuration
+		return byAuthToken, nil
+	}
 	for i := range uis {
 		ui := &uis[i]
 		ats, err := getAuthTokens(ui.AuthToken, ui.BearerToken, ui.Username, ui.Password)

app/vmauth/auth_config_test.go

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ package main
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/netutil"
 )
 
 func TestParseAuthConfigFailure(t *testing.T) {
@@ -24,16 +26,10 @@ func TestParseAuthConfigFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Empty config
-	f(``)
-
 	// Invalid entry
 	f(`foobar`)
 	f(`foobar: baz`)
 
-	// Empty users
-	f(`users: []`)
-
 	// Missing url_prefix
 	f(`
 users:
@@ -302,6 +298,12 @@ func TestParseAuthConfigSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 
 	insecureSkipVerifyTrue := true
 
+	// Empty config
+	f(``, map[string]*UserInfo{})
+
+	// Empty users
+	f(`users: []`, map[string]*UserInfo{})
+
 	// Single user
 	f(`
 users:
@@ -799,6 +801,75 @@ func TestBrokenBackend(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDiscoverBackendIPsWithIPV6(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(actualUrl, expectedUrl string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		up := mustParseURL(actualUrl)
+		up.discoverBackendIPs = true
+		up.loadBalancingPolicy = "least_loaded"
+
+		up.discoverBackendAddrsIfNeeded()
+		pbus := up.bus.Load()
+		bus := *pbus
+
+		if len(bus) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected url list to be of size 1; got %d instead", len(bus))
+		}
+
+		got := bus[0].url.Host
+		if got != expectedUrl {
+			t.Fatalf(`expected url to be %q; got %q instead`, expectedUrl, bus[0].url.Host)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Discover backendURL with SRV hostnames
+	customResolver := &fakeResolver{
+		Resolver: &net.Resolver{},
+		// SRV records must return hostname
+		// not an IP address
+		lookupSRVResults: map[string][]*net.SRV{
+			"_vmselect._tcp.selectwithport.": {
+				{
+					Target: "vmselect.local",
+					Port:   8481,
+				},
+			},
+			"_vmselect._tcp.selectwoport.": {
+				{
+					Target: "vmselect.local",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		lookupIPAddrResults: map[string][]net.IPAddr{
+			"vminsert.local": {
+				{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.10.13"),
+				},
+			},
+			"ipv6.vminsert.local": {
+				{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("2607:f8b0:400a:80b::200e"),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	origResolver := netutil.Resolver
+	netutil.Resolver = customResolver
+	defer func() {
+		netutil.Resolver = origResolver
+	}()
+	f("http://srv+_vmselect._tcp.selectwithport.:8080", "vmselect.local:8080")
+	f("http://srv+_vmselect._tcp.selectwithport.:", "vmselect.local:8481")
+	f("http://srv+_vmselect._tcp.selectwoport.:8080", "vmselect.local:8080")
+	f("http://srv+_vmselect._tcp.selectwoport.", "vmselect.local:")
+
+	f("http://vminsert.local:8080", "10.0.10.13:8080")
+	f("http://vminsert.local", "10.0.10.13:")
+	f("http://ipv6.vminsert.local:8080", "[2607:f8b0:400a:80b::200e]:8080")
+	f("http://ipv6.vminsert.local", "[2607:f8b0:400a:80b::200e]:")
+
+}
+
 func getRegexs(paths []string) []*Regex {
 	var sps []*Regex
 	for _, path := range paths {

app/vmauth/main.go

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func processRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ui *UserInfo) {
 			missingRouteRequests.Inc()
 			var di string
 			if ui.DumpRequestOnErrors {
-				di = debugInfo(u, r.Header)
+				di = debugInfo(u, r)
 			}
 			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "missing route for %q%s", u.String(), di)
 			return
@@ -668,13 +668,13 @@ func (rtb *readTrackingBody) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func debugInfo(u *url.URL, h http.Header) string {
+func debugInfo(u *url.URL, r *http.Request) string {
 	s := &strings.Builder{}
-	fmt.Fprintf(s, " (host: %q; ", u.Host)
+	fmt.Fprintf(s, " (host: %q; ", r.Host)
 	fmt.Fprintf(s, "path: %q; ", u.Path)
 	fmt.Fprintf(s, "args: %q; ", u.Query().Encode())
 	fmt.Fprint(s, "headers:")
-	_ = h.WriteSubset(s, nil)
+	_ = r.Header.WriteSubset(s, nil)
 	fmt.Fprint(s, ")")
 	return s.String()
 }

app/vmctl/influx/influx.go

@@ -180,11 +180,7 @@ func (c *Client) Explore() ([]*Series, error) {
 			log.Printf("skip measurement %q since it has no fields", s.Measurement)
 			continue
 		}
-		tags, ok := measurementTags[s.Measurement]
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to find tags of measurement %s", s.Measurement)
-		}
-		emptyTags := getEmptyTags(tags, s.LabelPairs)
+		emptyTags := getEmptyTags(measurementTags[s.Measurement], s.LabelPairs)
 		for _, field := range fields {
 			is := &Series{
 				Measurement: s.Measurement,
@@ -201,11 +197,16 @@ func (c *Client) Explore() ([]*Series, error) {
 // getEmptyTags returns tags of a measurement that are missing in a specific series.
 // Tags represent all tags of a measurement. LabelPairs represent tags of a specific series.
 func getEmptyTags(tags map[string]struct{}, LabelPairs []LabelPair) []string {
+	if len(tags) == 0 {
+		// fast path: the measurement does not contain any tag
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	labelMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, pair := range LabelPairs {
 		labelMap[pair.Name] = struct{}{}
 	}
-	result := make([]string, 0, len(labelMap)-len(LabelPairs))
+	var result []string
 	for tag := range tags {
 		if _, ok := labelMap[tag]; !ok {
 			result = append(result, tag)

app/vminsert/common/insert_ctx.go

@@ -4,13 +4,46 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vminsert/relabel"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmstorage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/ratelimiter"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/slicesutil"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeserieslimits"
+)
+
+// StartIngestionRateLimiter starts ingestion rate limiter.
+//
+// Ingestion rate limiter must be started before Init() call.
+//
+// StopIngestionRateLimiter must be called before Stop() call in order to unblock all the callers
+// to ingestion rate limiter. Otherwise deadlock may occur at Stop() call.
+func StartIngestionRateLimiter(maxIngestionRate int) {
+	if maxIngestionRate <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	ingestionRateLimitReached := metrics.NewCounter(`vm_max_ingestion_rate_limit_reached_total`)
+	ingestionRateLimiterStopCh = make(chan struct{})
+	ingestionRateLimiter = ratelimiter.New(int64(maxIngestionRate), ingestionRateLimitReached, ingestionRateLimiterStopCh)
+}
+
+// StopIngestionRateLimiter stops ingestion rate limiter.
+func StopIngestionRateLimiter() {
+	if ingestionRateLimiterStopCh == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	close(ingestionRateLimiterStopCh)
+	ingestionRateLimiterStopCh = nil
+}
+
+var (
+	ingestionRateLimiter       *ratelimiter.RateLimiter
+	ingestionRateLimiterStopCh chan struct{}
 )
 
 // InsertCtx contains common bits for data points insertion.
@@ -59,7 +92,27 @@ func (ctx *InsertCtx) marshalMetricNameRaw(prefix []byte, labels []prompbmarshal
 	return metricNameRaw[:len(metricNameRaw):len(metricNameRaw)]
 }
 
+// TryPrepareLabels prepares context labels to the ingestion
+//
+// It returns false if timeseries should be skipped
+func (ctx *InsertCtx) TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling bool) bool {
+	if hasRelabeling {
+		ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
+	}
+	if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if timeserieslimits.Enabled() && timeserieslimits.IsExceeding(ctx.Labels) {
+		return false
+	}
+	ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
+
+	return true
+}
+
 // WriteDataPoint writes (timestamp, value) with the given prefix and labels into ctx buffer.
+//
+// caller should invoke TryPrepareLabels before using this function if needed
 func (ctx *InsertCtx) WriteDataPoint(prefix []byte, labels []prompbmarshal.Label, timestamp int64, value float64) error {
 	metricNameRaw := ctx.marshalMetricNameRaw(prefix, labels)
 	return ctx.addRow(metricNameRaw, timestamp, value)
@@ -67,6 +120,8 @@ func (ctx *InsertCtx) WriteDataPoint(prefix []byte, labels []prompbmarshal.Label
 
 // WriteDataPointExt writes (timestamp, value) with the given metricNameRaw and labels into ctx buffer.
 //
+// caller must invoke TryPrepareLabels before using this function
+//
 // It returns metricNameRaw for the given labels if len(metricNameRaw) == 0.
 func (ctx *InsertCtx) WriteDataPointExt(metricNameRaw []byte, labels []prompbmarshal.Label, timestamp int64, value float64) ([]byte, error) {
 	if len(metricNameRaw) == 0 {
@@ -149,9 +204,12 @@ func (ctx *InsertCtx) FlushBufs() error {
 		}
 		matchIdxsPool.Put(matchIdxs)
 	}
+	ingestionRateLimiter.Register(len(ctx.mrs))
+
 	// There is no need in limiting the number of concurrent calls to vmstorage.AddRows() here,
 	// since the number of concurrent FlushBufs() calls should be already limited via writeconcurrencylimiter
 	// used at every stream.Parse() call under lib/protoparser/*
+
 	err := vmstorage.AddRows(ctx.mrs)
 	ctx.Reset(0)
 	if err == nil {

app/vminsert/csvimport/request_handler.go

@@ -46,14 +46,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		if err := ctx.WriteDataPoint(nil, ctx.Labels, r.Timestamp, r.Value); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

app/vminsert/datadogsketches/request_handler.go

@@ -60,14 +60,9 @@ func insertRows(sketches []*datadogsketches.Sketch, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.
 				label := &extraLabels[j]
 				ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 			}
-			if hasRelabeling {
-				ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-			}
-			if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-				// Skip metric without labels.
+			if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 				continue
 			}
-			ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 			var metricNameRaw []byte
 			var err error
 			for _, p := range m.Points {

app/vminsert/datadogv1/request_handler.go

@@ -63,14 +63,9 @@ func insertRows(series []datadogv1.Series, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) er
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		var metricNameRaw []byte
 		var err error
 		for _, pt := range ss.Points {

app/vminsert/datadogv2/request_handler.go

@@ -66,14 +66,9 @@ func insertRows(series []datadogv2.Series, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) er
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		var metricNameRaw []byte
 		var err error
 		for _, pt := range ss.Points {

app/vminsert/graphite/request_handler.go

@@ -36,14 +36,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []parser.Row) error {
 			tag := &r.Tags[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(tag.Key, tag.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		if err := ctx.WriteDataPoint(nil, ctx.Labels, r.Timestamp, r.Value); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

app/vminsert/influx/request_handler.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	parser "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/influx"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/influx/stream"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeserieslimits"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 )
 
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ func insertRows(db string, rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label)
 	ic.Reset(rowsLen)
 	rowsTotal := 0
 	hasRelabeling := relabel.HasRelabeling()
+	hasLimitsEnabled := timeserieslimits.Enabled()
 	for i := range rows {
 		r := &rows[i]
 		rowsTotal += len(r.Fields)
@@ -108,18 +110,23 @@ func insertRows(db string, rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label)
 				metricGroup := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(ctx.metricGroupBuf)
 				ic.Labels = append(ic.Labels[:0], ctx.originLabels...)
 				ic.AddLabel("", metricGroup)
-				ic.ApplyRelabeling()
-				if len(ic.Labels) == 0 {
-					// Skip metric without labels.
+				if !ic.TryPrepareLabels(true) {
 					continue
 				}
-				ic.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 				if err := ic.WriteDataPoint(nil, ic.Labels, r.Timestamp, f.Value); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
+			// special case for optimisations below
+			// do not call TryPrepareLabels
+			// manually apply sort and limits on demand
 			ic.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
+			if hasLimitsEnabled {
+				if timeserieslimits.IsExceeding(ic.Labels) {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
 			ctx.metricNameBuf = storage.MarshalMetricNameRaw(ctx.metricNameBuf[:0], ic.Labels)
 			labelsLen := len(ic.Labels)
 			for j := range r.Fields {
@@ -130,9 +137,10 @@ func insertRows(db string, rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label)
 				metricGroup := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(ctx.metricGroupBuf)
 				ic.Labels = ic.Labels[:labelsLen]
 				ic.AddLabel("", metricGroup)
-				if len(ic.Labels) == 0 {
-					// Skip metric without labels.
-					continue
+				if hasLimitsEnabled {
+					if timeserieslimits.IsExceeding(ic.Labels[len(ic.Labels)-1:]) {
+						continue
+					}
 				}
 				if err := ic.WriteDataPoint(ctx.metricNameBuf, ic.Labels[len(ic.Labels)-1:], r.Timestamp, f.Value); err != nil {
 					return err

app/vminsert/main.go

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/common"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/opentelemetry/firehose"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/stringsutil"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timeserieslimits"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -67,8 +67,9 @@ var (
 		"at -opentsdbHTTPListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt")
 	configAuthKey          = flagutil.NewPassword("configAuthKey", "Authorization key for accessing /config page. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	reloadAuthKey          = flagutil.NewPassword("reloadAuthKey", "Auth key for /-/reload http endpoint. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides httpAuth.* settings.")
-	maxLabelsPerTimeseries = flag.Int("maxLabelsPerTimeseries", 30, "The maximum number of labels accepted per time series. Superfluous labels are dropped. In this case the vm_metrics_with_dropped_labels_total metric at /metrics page is incremented")
-	maxLabelValueLen       = flag.Int("maxLabelValueLen", 4*1024, "The maximum length of label values in the accepted time series. Longer label values are truncated. In this case the vm_too_long_label_values_total metric at /metrics page is incremented")
+	maxLabelsPerTimeseries = flag.Int("maxLabelsPerTimeseries", 40, "The maximum number of labels per time series to be accepted. Series with superfluous labels are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_many_labels\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
+	maxLabelNameLen        = flag.Int("maxLabelNameLen", 256, "The maximum length of label name in the accepted time series. Series with longer label name are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_long_label_name\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
+	maxLabelValueLen       = flag.Int("maxLabelValueLen", 4*1024, "The maximum length of label values in the accepted time series. Series with longer label value are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_long_label_value\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
 )
 
 var (
@@ -87,8 +88,6 @@ var staticServer = http.FileServer(http.FS(staticFiles))
 func Init() {
 	relabel.Init()
 	vminsertCommon.InitStreamAggr()
-	storage.SetMaxLabelsPerTimeseries(*maxLabelsPerTimeseries)
-	storage.SetMaxLabelValueLen(*maxLabelValueLen)
 	common.StartUnmarshalWorkers()
 	if len(*graphiteListenAddr) > 0 {
 		graphiteServer = graphiteserver.MustStart(*graphiteListenAddr, *graphiteUseProxyProtocol, graphite.InsertHandler)
@@ -105,6 +104,7 @@ func Init() {
 	promscrape.Init(func(_ *auth.Token, wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest) {
 		prompush.Push(wr)
 	})
+	timeserieslimits.Init(*maxLabelsPerTimeseries, *maxLabelNameLen, *maxLabelValueLen)
 }
 
 // Stop stops vminsert.
@@ -439,14 +439,4 @@ var (
 	promscrapeStatusConfigRequests = metrics.NewCounter(`vm_http_requests_total{path="/api/v1/status/config"}`)
 
 	promscrapeConfigReloadRequests = metrics.NewCounter(`vm_http_requests_total{path="/-/reload"}`)
-
-	_ = metrics.NewGauge(`vm_metrics_with_dropped_labels_total`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(storage.MetricsWithDroppedLabels.Load())
-	})
-	_ = metrics.NewGauge(`vm_too_long_label_names_total`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(storage.TooLongLabelNames.Load())
-	})
-	_ = metrics.NewGauge(`vm_too_long_label_values_total`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(storage.TooLongLabelValues.Load())
-	})
 )

app/vminsert/native/request_handler.go

@@ -55,14 +55,9 @@ func insertRows(block *stream.Block, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 		label := &extraLabels[j]
 		ic.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 	}
-	if hasRelabeling {
-		ic.ApplyRelabeling()
-	}
-	if len(ic.Labels) == 0 {
-		// Skip metric without labels.
+	if !ic.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	ic.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 	ctx.metricNameBuf = storage.MarshalMetricNameRaw(ctx.metricNameBuf[:0], ic.Labels)
 	values := block.Values
 	timestamps := block.Timestamps
@@ -71,7 +66,9 @@ func insertRows(block *stream.Block, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 	}
 	for j, value := range values {
 		timestamp := timestamps[j]
-		if err := ic.WriteDataPoint(ctx.metricNameBuf, nil, timestamp, value); err != nil {
+		// TODO: @f41gh7 looks like it's better to use WriteDataPointExt
+		// since metricName never changes inside insertRows call
+		if err := ic.WriteDataPoint(ctx.metricNameBuf, ic.Labels, timestamp, value); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

app/vminsert/newrelic/request_handler.go

@@ -58,14 +58,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []newrelic.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 				label := &extraLabels[k]
 				ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 			}
-			if hasRelabeling {
-				ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-			}
-			if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-				// Skip metric without labels.
+			if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 				continue
 			}
-			ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 			if err := ctx.WriteDataPoint(nil, ctx.Labels, r.Timestamp, s.Value); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}

app/vminsert/opentelemetry/request_handler.go

@@ -59,14 +59,9 @@ func insertRows(tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Labe
 		for _, label := range extraLabels {
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		var metricNameRaw []byte
 		var err error
 		samples := ts.Samples

app/vminsert/opentsdb/request_handler.go

@@ -36,14 +36,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []parser.Row) error {
 			tag := &r.Tags[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(tag.Key, tag.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		if err := ctx.WriteDataPoint(nil, ctx.Labels, r.Timestamp, r.Value); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

app/vminsert/opentsdbhttp/request_handler.go

@@ -54,14 +54,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		if err := ctx.WriteDataPoint(nil, ctx.Labels, r.Timestamp, r.Value); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

app/vminsert/prometheusimport/request_handler.go

@@ -54,14 +54,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		if err := ctx.WriteDataPoint(nil, ctx.Labels, r.Timestamp, r.Value); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

app/vminsert/prompush/push.go

@@ -57,12 +57,9 @@ func push(ctx *common.InsertCtx, tss []prompbmarshal.TimeSeries) {
 			label := &ts.Labels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(false) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		var metricNameRaw []byte
 		var err error
 		for i := range ts.Samples {

app/vminsert/promremotewrite/request_handler.go

@@ -52,14 +52,10 @@ func insertRows(timeseries []prompb.TimeSeries, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Labe
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ctx.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ctx.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ctx.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+
+		if !ctx.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ctx.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		var metricNameRaw []byte
 		var err error
 		samples := ts.Samples

app/vminsert/vmimport/request_handler.go

@@ -58,14 +58,9 @@ func insertRows(rows []parser.Row, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label) error {
 			label := &extraLabels[j]
 			ic.AddLabel(label.Name, label.Value)
 		}
-		if hasRelabeling {
-			ic.ApplyRelabeling()
-		}
-		if len(ic.Labels) == 0 {
-			// Skip metric without labels.
+		if !ic.TryPrepareLabels(hasRelabeling) {
 			continue
 		}
-		ic.SortLabelsIfNeeded()
 		ctx.metricNameBuf = storage.MarshalMetricNameRaw(ctx.metricNameBuf[:0], ic.Labels)
 		values := r.Values
 		timestamps := r.Timestamps

app/vmselect/promql/eval.go

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ var (
 		"so there is no need in spending additional CPU time on its handling. Staleness markers may exist only in data obtained from Prometheus scrape targets")
 	minWindowForInstantRollupOptimization = flag.Duration("search.minWindowForInstantRollupOptimization", time.Hour*3, "Enable cache-based optimization for repeated queries "+
 		"to /api/v1/query (aka instant queries), which contain rollup functions with lookbehind window exceeding the given value")
+	maxBinaryOpPushdownLabelValues = flag.Int("search.maxBinaryOpPushdownLabelValues", 100, "The maximum number of values for a label in the first expression that can be extracted as a common label filter and pushed down to the second expression in a binary operation. "+
+		"A larger value makes the pushed-down filter more complex but fewer time series will be returned. This flag is useful when selective label contains numerous values, for example `instance`, and storage resources are abundant.")
 )
 
 // The minimum number of points per timeseries for enabling time rounding.
@@ -582,7 +584,7 @@ func getCommonLabelFilters(tss []*timeseries) []metricsql.LabelFilter {
 				}
 				continue
 			}
-			if len(vc.values) > 100 {
+			if len(vc.values) > *maxBinaryOpPushdownLabelValues {
 				// Too many unique values found for the given tag.
 				// Do not make a filter on such values, since it may slow down
 				// search for matching time series.

app/vmselect/promql/exec.go

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmselect/netstorage"
@@ -16,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/querytracer"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql"
 )
 
@@ -270,7 +267,7 @@ func getReverseCmpOp(op string) string {
 }
 
 func parsePromQLWithCache(q string) (metricsql.Expr, error) {
-	pcv := parseCacheV.Get(q)
+	pcv := parseCacheV.get(q)
 	if pcv == nil {
 		e, err := metricsql.Parse(q)
 		if err == nil {
@@ -284,7 +281,7 @@ func parsePromQLWithCache(q string) (metricsql.Expr, error) {
 			e:   e,
 			err: err,
 		}
-		parseCacheV.Put(q, pcv)
+		parseCacheV.put(q, pcv)
 	}
 	if pcv.err != nil {
 		return nil, pcv.err
@@ -328,80 +325,3 @@ func escapeDots(s string) string {
 	}
 	return string(result)
 }
-
-var parseCacheV = func() *parseCache {
-	pc := &parseCache{
-		m: make(map[string]*parseCacheValue),
-	}
-	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_cache_requests_total{type="promql/parse"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(pc.Requests())
-	})
-	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_cache_misses_total{type="promql/parse"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(pc.Misses())
-	})
-	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_cache_entries{type="promql/parse"}`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(pc.Len())
-	})
-	return pc
-}()
-
-const parseCacheMaxLen = 10e3
-
-type parseCacheValue struct {
-	e   metricsql.Expr
-	err error
-}
-
-type parseCache struct {
-	requests atomic.Uint64
-	misses   atomic.Uint64
-
-	m  map[string]*parseCacheValue
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-func (pc *parseCache) Requests() uint64 {
-	return pc.requests.Load()
-}
-
-func (pc *parseCache) Misses() uint64 {
-	return pc.misses.Load()
-}
-
-func (pc *parseCache) Len() uint64 {
-	pc.mu.RLock()
-	n := len(pc.m)
-	pc.mu.RUnlock()
-	return uint64(n)
-}
-
-func (pc *parseCache) Get(q string) *parseCacheValue {
-	pc.requests.Add(1)
-
-	pc.mu.RLock()
-	pcv := pc.m[q]
-	pc.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if pcv == nil {
-		pc.misses.Add(1)
-	}
-	return pcv
-}
-
-func (pc *parseCache) Put(q string, pcv *parseCacheValue) {
-	pc.mu.Lock()
-	overflow := len(pc.m) - parseCacheMaxLen
-	if overflow > 0 {
-		// Remove 10% of items from the cache.
-		overflow = int(float64(len(pc.m)) * 0.1)
-		for k := range pc.m {
-			delete(pc.m, k)
-			overflow--
-			if overflow <= 0 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	pc.m[q] = pcv
-	pc.mu.Unlock()
-}

app/vmselect/promql/parse_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Cache for metricsql expressions
+// Based on the fastcache idea of locking buckets in order to avoid whole cache locks.
+// See: https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache
+package promql
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql"
+
+	xxhash "github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
+)
+
+var parseCacheV = func() *parseCache {
+	pc := newParseCache()
+	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_cache_requests_total{type="promql/parse"}`, func() float64 {
+		return float64(pc.requests())
+	})
+	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_cache_misses_total{type="promql/parse"}`, func() float64 {
+		return float64(pc.misses())
+	})
+	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_cache_entries{type="promql/parse"}`, func() float64 {
+		return float64(pc.len())
+	})
+	return pc
+}()
+
+const (
+	parseBucketCount = 128
+
+	parseCacheMaxLen int = 10e3
+
+	parseBucketMaxLen int = parseCacheMaxLen / parseBucketCount
+
+	parseBucketFreePercent float64 = 0.1
+)
+
+type parseCacheValue struct {
+	e   metricsql.Expr
+	err error
+}
+
+type parseBucket struct {
+	m        map[string]*parseCacheValue
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	requests atomic.Uint64
+	misses   atomic.Uint64
+}
+
+type parseCache struct {
+	buckets [parseBucketCount]parseBucket
+}
+
+func newParseCache() *parseCache {
+	pc := new(parseCache)
+	for i := 0; i < parseBucketCount; i++ {
+		pc.buckets[i] = newParseBucket()
+	}
+	return pc
+}
+
+func (pc *parseCache) put(q string, pcv *parseCacheValue) {
+	h := xxhash.Sum64String(q)
+	idx := h % parseBucketCount
+	pc.buckets[idx].put(q, pcv)
+}
+
+func (pc *parseCache) get(q string) *parseCacheValue {
+	h := xxhash.Sum64String(q)
+	idx := h % parseBucketCount
+	return pc.buckets[idx].get(q)
+}
+
+func (pc *parseCache) requests() uint64 {
+	var n uint64
+	for i := 0; i < parseBucketCount; i++ {
+		n += pc.buckets[i].requests.Load()
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (pc *parseCache) misses() uint64 {
+	var n uint64
+	for i := 0; i < parseBucketCount; i++ {
+		n += pc.buckets[i].misses.Load()
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (pc *parseCache) len() uint64 {
+	var n uint64
+	for i := 0; i < parseBucketCount; i++ {
+		n += pc.buckets[i].len()
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func newParseBucket() parseBucket {
+	return parseBucket{
+		m: make(map[string]*parseCacheValue, parseBucketMaxLen),
+	}
+}
+
+func (pb *parseBucket) len() uint64 {
+	pb.mu.RLock()
+	n := len(pb.m)
+	pb.mu.RUnlock()
+	return uint64(n)
+}
+
+func (pb *parseBucket) get(q string) *parseCacheValue {
+	pb.requests.Add(1)
+
+	pb.mu.RLock()
+	pcv := pb.m[q]
+	pb.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if pcv == nil {
+		pb.misses.Add(1)
+	}
+	return pcv
+}
+
+func (pb *parseBucket) put(q string, pcv *parseCacheValue) {
+	pb.mu.Lock()
+	overflow := len(pb.m) - parseBucketMaxLen
+	if overflow > 0 {
+		// Remove parseBucketDeletePercent*100 % of items from the bucket.
+		overflow = int(float64(len(pb.m)) * parseBucketFreePercent)
+		for k := range pb.m {
+			delete(pb.m, k)
+			overflow--
+			if overflow <= 0 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	pb.m[q] = pcv
+	pb.mu.Unlock()
+}

app/vmselect/promql/parse_cache_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package promql
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql"
+)
+
+func testGetParseCacheValue(q string) *parseCacheValue {
+	e, err := metricsql.Parse(q)
+	return &parseCacheValue{
+		e:   e,
+		err: err,
+	}
+}
+
+func testGenerateQueries(items int) []string {
+	queries := make([]string, items)
+	for i := 0; i < items; i++ {
+		queries[i] = fmt.Sprintf(`node_time_seconds{instance="node%d", job="job%d"}`, i, i)
+	}
+	return queries
+}
+
+func TestParseCache(t *testing.T) {
+	pc := newParseCache()
+	if pc.len() != 0 || pc.misses() != 0 || pc.requests() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected pc.Len()=%d, pc.Misses()=%d, pc.Requests()=%d; expected all to be zero.", pc.len(), pc.misses(), pc.requests())
+	}
+
+	q1 := `foo{bar="baz"}`
+	v1 := testGetParseCacheValue(q1)
+
+	q2 := `foo1{bar1="baz1"}`
+	v2 := testGetParseCacheValue(q2)
+
+	pc.put(q1, v1)
+	if pc.len() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), 1)
+	}
+
+	if res := pc.get(q2); res != nil {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected non-empty value obtained from cache: %d ", res)
+	}
+	if pc.len() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), 1)
+	}
+	if miss := pc.misses(); miss != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", miss, 1)
+	}
+	if req := pc.requests(); req != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", req, 1)
+	}
+
+	pc.put(q2, v2)
+	if pc.len() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), 2)
+	}
+
+	if res := pc.get(q1); res != v1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %v; want %v", res, v1)
+	}
+
+	if res := pc.get(q2); res != v2 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %v; want %v", res, v2)
+	}
+
+	pc.put(q2, v2)
+	if pc.len() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), 2)
+	}
+	if miss := pc.misses(); miss != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", miss, 1)
+	}
+	if req := pc.requests(); req != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", req, 3)
+	}
+
+	if res := pc.get(q2); res != v2 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %v; want %v", res, v2)
+	}
+	if pc.len() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), 2)
+	}
+	if miss := pc.misses(); miss != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", miss, 1)
+	}
+	if req := pc.requests(); req != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", req, 4)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseCacheBucketOverflow(t *testing.T) {
+	b := newParseBucket()
+	var expectedLen uint64
+
+	// +2 for overflow and clean up
+	queries := testGenerateQueries(parseBucketMaxLen + 2)
+
+	// Same value for all keys
+	v := testGetParseCacheValue(queries[0])
+
+	// Fill bucket
+	for i := 0; i < parseBucketMaxLen; i++ {
+		b.put(queries[i], v)
+	}
+	expectedLen = uint64(parseBucketMaxLen)
+	if b.len() != expectedLen {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %v; want %v", b.len(), expectedLen)
+	}
+
+	// Overflow bucket
+	expectedLen = uint64(parseBucketMaxLen + 1)
+	b.put(queries[parseBucketMaxLen], v)
+	if b.len() != uint64(expectedLen) {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %v; want %v", b.len(), expectedLen)
+	}
+
+	// Clean up;
+	oldLen := b.len()
+	overflow := int(float64(oldLen) * parseBucketFreePercent)
+	expectedLen = oldLen - uint64(overflow) + 1 // +1 for new entry
+
+	b.put(queries[parseBucketMaxLen+1], v)
+	if b.len() != expectedLen {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %v; want %v", b.len(), expectedLen)
+	}
+}

app/vmselect/promql/parse_cache_timing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package promql
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkCachePutNoOverFlow(b *testing.B) {
+	const items int = (parseCacheMaxLen / 2)
+	pc := newParseCache()
+
+	queries := testGenerateQueries(items)
+	v := testGetParseCacheValue(queries[0])
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := 0; i < items; i++ {
+				pc.put(queries[i], v)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	if pc.len() != uint64(items) {
+		b.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), items)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCacheGetNoOverflow(b *testing.B) {
+	const items int = parseCacheMaxLen / 2
+	pc := newParseCache()
+
+	queries := testGenerateQueries(items)
+	v := testGetParseCacheValue(queries[0])
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(queries); i++ {
+		pc.put(queries[i], v)
+	}
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := 0; i < items; i++ {
+				if v := pc.get(queries[i]); v == nil {
+					b.Errorf("unexpected nil value obtained from cache for query: %s ", queries[i])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCachePutGetNoOverflow(b *testing.B) {
+	const items int = parseCacheMaxLen / 2
+	pc := newParseCache()
+
+	queries := testGenerateQueries(items)
+	v := testGetParseCacheValue(queries[0])
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := 0; i < items; i++ {
+				pc.put(queries[i], v)
+				if res := pc.get(queries[i]); res == nil {
+					b.Errorf("unexpected nil value obtained from cache for query: %s ", queries[i])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	if pc.len() != uint64(items) {
+		b.Errorf("unexpected value obtained; got %d; want %d", pc.len(), items)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCachePutOverflow(b *testing.B) {
+	const items int = parseCacheMaxLen + (parseCacheMaxLen / 2)
+	c := newParseCache()
+
+	queries := testGenerateQueries(items)
+	v := testGetParseCacheValue(queries[0])
+
+	for i := 0; i < parseCacheMaxLen; i++ {
+		c.put(queries[i], v)
+	}
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := parseCacheMaxLen; i < items; i++ {
+				c.put(queries[i], v)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	maxElemnts := uint64(parseCacheMaxLen + parseBucketCount)
+	if c.len() > maxElemnts {
+		b.Errorf("cache length is more than expected; got %d, expected %d", c.len(), maxElemnts)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCachePutGetOverflow(b *testing.B) {
+	const items int = parseCacheMaxLen + (parseCacheMaxLen / 2)
+	c := newParseCache()
+
+	queries := testGenerateQueries(items)
+	v := testGetParseCacheValue(queries[0])
+
+	for i := 0; i < parseCacheMaxLen; i++ {
+		c.put(queries[i], v)
+	}
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := parseCacheMaxLen; i < items; i++ {
+				c.put(queries[i], v)
+				c.get(queries[i])
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	maxElemnts := uint64(parseCacheMaxLen + parseBucketCount)
+	if c.len() > maxElemnts {
+		b.Errorf("cache length is more than expected; got %d, expected %d", c.len(), maxElemnts)
+	}
+}
+
+var testSimpleQueries = []string{
+	`m{a="b"}`,
+	`{a="b"}`,
+	`m{c="d",a="b"}`,
+	`{a="b",c="d"}`,
+	`m1{a="foo"}`,
+	`m2{a="bar"}`,
+	`m1{b="foo"}`,
+	`m2{b="bar"}`,
+	`m1{a="foo",b="bar"}`,
+	`m2{b="bar",c="x"}`,
+	`{b="bar"}`,
+}
+
+func BenchmarkParsePromQLWithCacheSimple(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < len(testSimpleQueries); j++ {
+			_, err := parsePromQLWithCache(testSimpleQueries[j])
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkParsePromQLWithCacheSimpleParallel(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := 0; i < len(testSimpleQueries); i++ {
+				_, err := parsePromQLWithCache(testSimpleQueries[i])
+				if err != nil {
+					b.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+var testComplexQueries = []string{
+	`sort_desc(label_set(2, "foo", "bar") * ignoring(a) (label_set(time(), "foo", "bar") or label_set(10, "foo", "qwert")))`,
+	`sum(a.b{c="d.e",x=~"a.b.+[.a]",y!~"aaa.bb|cc.dd"}) + avg_over_time(1,sum({x=~"aa.bb"}))`,
+	`sort((label_set(time() offset 100s, "foo", "bar"), label_set(time()+10, "foo", "baz") offset 50s) offset 400s)`,
+	`sort(label_map((
+			label_set(time(), "label", "v1"),
+			label_set(time()+100, "label", "v2"),
+			label_set(time()+200, "label", "v3"),
+			label_set(time()+300, "x", "y"),
+			label_set(time()+400, "label", "v4"),
+		), "label", "v1", "foo", "v2", "bar", "", "qwe", "v4", ""))`,
+	`sort(labels_equal((
+			label_set(10, "instance", "qwe", "host", "rty"),
+			label_set(20, "instance", "qwe", "host", "qwe"),
+			label_set(30, "aaa", "bbb", "instance", "foo", "host", "foo"),
+		), "instance", "host"))`,
+	`with (
+			x = (
+				label_set(time() > 1500, "foo", "123.456", "__name__", "aaa"),
+				label_set(-time(), "foo", "bar", "__name__", "bbb"),
+				label_set(-time(), "__name__", "bxs"),
+				label_set(-time(), "foo", "45", "bar", "xs"),
+			)
+		)
+		sort(x + label_value(x, "foo"))`,
+	`label_replace(
+			label_replace(
+				label_replace(time(), "__name__", "x${1}y", "foo", ".*"),
+				"xxx", "foo${1}bar(${1})", "__name__", "(.+)"),
+			"xxx", "AA$1", "xxx", "foox(.+)"
+		)`,
+	`sort_desc(union(
+			label_set(time() > 1400, "__name__", "x", "foo", "bar"),
+			label_set(time() < 1700, "__name__", "y", "foo", "baz")) default 123)`,
+	`sort(histogram_quantile(0.6,
+			label_set(90, "foo", "bar", "le", "10")
+			or label_set(100, "foo", "bar", "le", "30")
+			or label_set(300, "foo", "bar", "le", "+Inf")
+			or label_set(200, "tag", "xx", "le", "10")
+			or label_set(300, "tag", "xx", "le", "30")
+		))`,
+}
+
+func BenchmarkParsePromQLWithCacheComplex(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < len(testComplexQueries); j++ {
+			_, err := parsePromQLWithCache(testComplexQueries[j])
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkParsePromQLWithCacheComplexParallel(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			for i := 0; i < len(testComplexQueries); i++ {
+				_, err := parsePromQLWithCache(testComplexQueries[i])
+				if err != nil {
+					b.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}

app/vmselect/promql/rollup.go

@@ -520,7 +520,8 @@ type rollupFuncArg struct {
 	// Timestamps for values.
 	timestamps []int64
 
-	// Real value preceding values without restrictions on staleness interval.
+	// Real value preceding values.
+	// Is populated if preceding value is within the staleness interval.
 	realPrevValue float64
 
 	// Real value which goes after values.
@@ -699,8 +700,13 @@ func (rc *rollupConfig) doInternal(dstValues []float64, tsm *timeseriesMap, valu
 	// Extend dstValues in order to remove mallocs below.
 	dstValues = decimal.ExtendFloat64sCapacity(dstValues, len(rc.Timestamps))
 
-	scrapeInterval := getScrapeInterval(timestamps, rc.Step)
-	maxPrevInterval := getMaxPrevInterval(scrapeInterval)
+	// Use step as the scrape interval for instant queries (when start == end).
+	maxPrevInterval := rc.Step
+	if rc.Start < rc.End {
+		scrapeInterval := getScrapeInterval(timestamps, rc.Step)
+		maxPrevInterval = getMaxPrevInterval(scrapeInterval)
+	}
+
 	if rc.LookbackDelta > 0 && maxPrevInterval > rc.LookbackDelta {
 		maxPrevInterval = rc.LookbackDelta
 	}
@@ -759,10 +765,12 @@ func (rc *rollupConfig) doInternal(dstValues []float64, tsm *timeseriesMap, valu
 		}
 		rfa.values = values[i:j]
 		rfa.timestamps = timestamps[i:j]
+		rfa.realPrevValue = nan
 		if i > 0 {
-			rfa.realPrevValue = values[i-1]
-		} else {
-			rfa.realPrevValue = nan
+			prevValue, prevTimestamp := values[i-1], timestamps[i-1]
+			if (tEnd - prevTimestamp) < maxPrevInterval {
+				rfa.realPrevValue = prevValue
+			}
 		}
 		if j < len(values) {
 			rfa.realNextValue = values[j]

app/vmselect/promql/rollup_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/decimal"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -1587,3 +1589,70 @@ func TestRollupDelta(t *testing.T) {
 	f(1, nan, nan, nil, 0)
 	f(100, nan, nan, nil, 0)
 }
+
+func TestRollupIncreaseWithStaleness(t *testing.T) {
+	// there is a gap between samples in the dataset below
+	timestamps := []int64{0, 15000, 30000, 70000}
+	values := []float64{1, 1, 1, 1}
+
+	t.Run("step > gap", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rc := rollupConfig{
+			Func:               rollupDelta,
+			Start:              0,
+			End:                70000,
+			Step:               35000,
+			Window:             0,
+			MaxPointsPerSeries: 1e4,
+		}
+		rc.Timestamps = rc.getTimestamps()
+		gotValues, samplesScanned := rc.Do(nil, values, timestamps)
+		if samplesScanned != 8 {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting 8 samplesScanned from rollupConfig.Do; got %d", samplesScanned)
+		}
+		valuesExpected := []float64{1, 0, 0}
+		timestampsExpected := []int64{0, 35e3, 70e3}
+		testRowsEqual(t, gotValues, rc.Timestamps, valuesExpected, timestampsExpected)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("step < gap", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rc := rollupConfig{
+			Func:               rollupDelta,
+			Start:              0,
+			End:                70000,
+			Step:               10000,
+			Window:             0,
+			MaxPointsPerSeries: 1e4,
+		}
+		rc.Timestamps = rc.getTimestamps()
+		gotValues, samplesScanned := rc.Do(nil, values, timestamps)
+		if samplesScanned != 8 {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting 8 samplesScanned from rollupConfig.Do; got %d", samplesScanned)
+		}
+		valuesExpected := []float64{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}
+		timestampsExpected := []int64{0, 10e3, 20e3, 30e3, 40e3, 50e3, 60e3, 70e3}
+		testRowsEqual(t, gotValues, rc.Timestamps, valuesExpected, timestampsExpected)
+	})
+
+	// there is a staleness marker between samples in the dataset below
+	timestamps = []int64{0, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000}
+	values = []float64{1, 1, 1, decimal.StaleNaN, 1}
+
+	t.Run("staleness marker", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rc := rollupConfig{
+			Func:               rollupDelta,
+			Start:              0,
+			End:                40000,
+			Step:               10000,
+			Window:             0,
+			MaxPointsPerSeries: 1e4,
+		}
+		rc.Timestamps = rc.getTimestamps()
+		gotValues, samplesScanned := rc.Do(nil, values, timestamps)
+		if samplesScanned != 10 {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting 10 samplesScanned from rollupConfig.Do; got %d", samplesScanned)
+		}
+		valuesExpected := []float64{1, 0, 0, nan, 1}
+		timestampsExpected := []int64{0, 10e3, 20e3, 30e3, 40e3}
+		testRowsEqual(t, gotValues, rc.Timestamps, valuesExpected, timestampsExpected)
+	})
+}

app/vmselect/vmui/asset-manifest.json

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 {
   "files": {
-    "main.css": "./static/css/main.b1929c64.css",
-    "main.js": "./static/js/main.a7d57628.js",
+    "main.css": "./static/css/main.63479b72.css",
+    "main.js": "./static/js/main.256ee243.js",
     "static/js/685.f772060c.chunk.js": "./static/js/685.f772060c.chunk.js",
     "static/media/MetricsQL.md": "./static/media/MetricsQL.a00044c91d9781cf8557.md",
     "index.html": "./index.html"
   },
   "entrypoints": [
-    "static/css/main.b1929c64.css",
-    "static/js/main.a7d57628.js"
+    "static/css/main.63479b72.css",
+    "static/js/main.256ee243.js"
   ]
 }

app/vmselect/vmui/index.html

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="mask-icon" href="./favicon.svg" color="#000000"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=5"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"/><link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"/><title>vmui</title><script src="./dashboards/index.js" type="module"></script><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@https://victoriametrics.com/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><meta name="twitter:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"><meta property="og:url" content="https://victoriametrics.com/"><meta property="og:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><script defer="defer" src="./static/js/main.a7d57628.js"></script><link href="./static/css/main.b1929c64.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript><div id="root"></div></body></html>
+<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="./favicon.svg"/><link rel="mask-icon" href="./favicon.svg" color="#000000"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=5"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"/><link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"/><title>vmui</title><script src="./dashboards/index.js" type="module"></script><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@https://victoriametrics.com/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><meta name="twitter:image" content="./preview.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics"><meta property="og:url" content="https://victoriametrics.com/"><meta property="og:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data"><script defer="defer" src="./static/js/main.256ee243.js"></script><link href="./static/css/main.63479b72.css" rel="stylesheet"></head><body><noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript><div id="root"></div></body></html>

app/vmstorage/main.go

@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ var (
 		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/single-server-victoriametrics/#cache-tuning")
 	cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocks = flagutil.NewBytes("storage.cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocks", 0, "Overrides max size for indexdb/dataBlocks cache. "+
 		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/single-server-victoriametrics/#cache-tuning")
+	cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocksSparse = flagutil.NewBytes("storage.cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocksSparse", 0, "Overrides max size for indexdb/dataBlocksSparse cache. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/single-server-victoriametrics/#cache-tuning")
 	cacheSizeIndexDBTagFilters = flagutil.NewBytes("storage.cacheSizeIndexDBTagFilters", 0, "Overrides max size for indexdb/tagFiltersToMetricIDs cache. "+
 		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/single-server-victoriametrics/#cache-tuning")
 )
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ func Init(resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 	storage.SetTagFiltersCacheSize(cacheSizeIndexDBTagFilters.IntN())
 	mergeset.SetIndexBlocksCacheSize(cacheSizeIndexDBIndexBlocks.IntN())
 	mergeset.SetDataBlocksCacheSize(cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocks.IntN())
+	mergeset.SetDataBlocksSparseCacheSize(cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocksSparse.IntN())
 
 	if retentionPeriod.Duration() < 24*time.Hour {
 		logger.Fatalf("-retentionPeriod cannot be smaller than a day; got %s", retentionPeriod)
@@ -581,6 +584,7 @@ func writeStorageMetrics(w io.Writer, strg *storage.Storage) {
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="storage/next_day_metric_ids"}`, m.NextDayMetricIDCacheSize)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="storage/indexBlocks"}`, tm.IndexBlocksCacheSize)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="indexdb/dataBlocks"}`, idbm.DataBlocksCacheSize)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="indexdb/dataBlocksSparse"}`, idbm.DataBlocksSparseCacheSize)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="indexdb/indexBlocks"}`, idbm.IndexBlocksCacheSize)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="indexdb/tagFiltersToMetricIDs"}`, idbm.TagFiltersToMetricIDsCacheSize)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_entries{type="storage/regexps"}`, uint64(storage.RegexpCacheSize()))
@@ -592,6 +596,7 @@ func writeStorageMetrics(w io.Writer, strg *storage.Storage) {
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/metricName"}`, m.MetricNameCacheSizeBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/indexBlocks"}`, tm.IndexBlocksCacheSizeBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="indexdb/dataBlocks"}`, idbm.DataBlocksCacheSizeBytes)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="indexdb/dataBlocksSparse"}`, idbm.DataBlocksSparseCacheSizeBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="indexdb/indexBlocks"}`, idbm.IndexBlocksCacheSizeBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/date_metricID"}`, m.DateMetricIDCacheSizeBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/hour_metric_ids"}`, m.HourMetricIDCacheSizeBytes)
@@ -606,6 +611,7 @@ func writeStorageMetrics(w io.Writer, strg *storage.Storage) {
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/metricName"}`, m.MetricNameCacheSizeMaxBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/indexBlocks"}`, tm.IndexBlocksCacheSizeMaxBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="indexdb/dataBlocks"}`, idbm.DataBlocksCacheSizeMaxBytes)
+	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="indexdb/dataBlocksSparse"}`, idbm.DataBlocksSparseCacheSizeMaxBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="indexdb/indexBlocks"}`, idbm.IndexBlocksCacheSizeMaxBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="indexdb/tagFiltersToMetricIDs"}`, idbm.TagFiltersToMetricIDsCacheSizeMaxBytes)
 	metrics.WriteGaugeUint64(w, `vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/regexps"}`, uint64(storage.RegexpCacheMaxSizeBytes()))
@@ -616,6 +622,7 @@ func writeStorageMetrics(w io.Writer, strg *storage.Storage) {
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="storage/metricName"}`, m.MetricNameCacheRequests)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="storage/indexBlocks"}`, tm.IndexBlocksCacheRequests)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="indexdb/dataBlocks"}`, idbm.DataBlocksCacheRequests)
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="indexdb/dataBlocksSparse"}`, idbm.DataBlocksSparseCacheRequests)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="indexdb/indexBlocks"}`, idbm.IndexBlocksCacheRequests)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="indexdb/tagFiltersToMetricIDs"}`, idbm.TagFiltersToMetricIDsCacheRequests)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="storage/regexps"}`, storage.RegexpCacheRequests())
@@ -626,6 +633,7 @@ func writeStorageMetrics(w io.Writer, strg *storage.Storage) {
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="storage/metricName"}`, m.MetricNameCacheMisses)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="storage/indexBlocks"}`, tm.IndexBlocksCacheMisses)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="indexdb/dataBlocks"}`, idbm.DataBlocksCacheMisses)
+	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="indexdb/dataBlocksSparse"}`, idbm.DataBlocksSparseCacheMisses)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="indexdb/indexBlocks"}`, idbm.IndexBlocksCacheMisses)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="indexdb/tagFiltersToMetricIDs"}`, idbm.TagFiltersToMetricIDsCacheMisses)
 	metrics.WriteCounterUint64(w, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="storage/regexps"}`, storage.RegexpCacheMisses())

app/vmui/Dockerfile-web

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ COPY web/ /build/
 RUN GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o web-amd64 github.com/VictoriMetrics/vmui/ && \
     GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o web-windows github.com/VictoriMetrics/vmui/
 
-FROM alpine:3.20.3
+FROM alpine:3.21.0
 USER root
 
 COPY --from=build-web-stage /build/web-amd64 /app/web

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/api/types.ts

@@ -48,3 +48,16 @@ export interface LogHits {
     [key: string]: string;
   };
 }
+
+export interface ReportMetaData {
+  id: number;
+  title: string;
+  endpoint: string;
+  comment: string;
+  params: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+export interface LogsFiledValues {
+  value: string;
+  hits: number;
+}

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/LogsQL/LogsQueryEditorAutocomplete.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import React, { FC, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "preact/compat";
+import Autocomplete, { AutocompleteOptions } from "../../../Main/Autocomplete/Autocomplete";
+import { AUTOCOMPLETE_LIMITS } from "../../../../constants/queryAutocomplete";
+import { QueryEditorAutocompleteProps } from "../QueryEditor";
+import { getContextData, splitLogicalParts } from "./parser";
+import { ContextType, LogicalPart, LogicalPartType } from "./types";
+import { useFetchLogsQLOptions } from "./useFetchLogsQLOptions";
+import { pipeList } from "./pipes";
+
+const LogsQueryEditorAutocomplete: FC<QueryEditorAutocompleteProps> = ({
+  value,
+  anchorEl,
+  caretPosition,
+  hasHelperText,
+  onSelect,
+  onFoundOptions
+}) => {
+  const [offsetPos, setOffsetPos] = useState({ top: 0, left: 0 });
+
+  const fullValue = useMemo(() => {
+    if (caretPosition[0] !== caretPosition[1]) return { valueBeforeCursor: value, valueAfterCursor: "" };
+    const valueBeforeCursor = value.substring(0, caretPosition[0]);
+    const valueAfterCursor = value.substring(caretPosition[1]);
+    return { valueBeforeCursor, valueAfterCursor };
+  }, [value, caretPosition]);
+
+  const logicalParts = useMemo(() => {
+    return splitLogicalParts(value);
+  }, [value]);
+
+  const contextData = useMemo(() => {
+    if (caretPosition[0] !== caretPosition[1]) return;
+    const part = logicalParts.find(p => caretPosition[0] >= p.position[0] && caretPosition[0] <= p.position[1]);
+    if (!part) return;
+    const cursorStartPosition = caretPosition[0] - part.position[0];
+    return {
+      ...part,
+      ...getContextData(part, cursorStartPosition)
+    };
+  }, [logicalParts, caretPosition]);
+
+  const { fieldNames, fieldValues, loading } = useFetchLogsQLOptions(contextData);
+
+  const options = useMemo(() => {
+    switch (contextData?.contextType) {
+      case ContextType.FilterName:
+      case ContextType.FilterUnknown:
+        return fieldNames;
+      case ContextType.FilterValue:
+        return fieldValues;
+      case ContextType.PipeName:
+        return pipeList;
+      default:
+        return [];
+    }
+  }, [contextData, fieldNames, fieldValues]);
+
+  const getUpdatedValue = (insertValue: string, logicalParts: LogicalPart[], id?: number) => {
+    return logicalParts.reduce((acc, part) => {
+      const value = part.id === id ? insertValue : part.value;
+      const separator = part.type === LogicalPartType.Pipe ? " | " : " ";
+      return `${acc}${separator}${value}`;
+    }, "").trim();
+  };
+
+  const getModifyInsert = (insert: string, contextType: ContextType, value = "", insertType?: string) => {
+    let modifiedInsert = insert;
+
+    if (insertType === ContextType.FilterName) {
+      modifiedInsert += ":";
+    } else if (contextType === ContextType.FilterValue) {
+      const insertWithQuotes = value.startsWith("_stream:") ? modifiedInsert : `"${modifiedInsert}"`;
+      modifiedInsert = `${contextData?.filterName || ""}:${insertWithQuotes}`;
+    }
+
+    return modifiedInsert;
+  };
+
+  const handleSelect = useCallback((insert: string, item: AutocompleteOptions) => {
+    const {
+      id,
+      contextType = ContextType.FilterUnknown,
+      value = "",
+      position = [0, 0]
+    } = contextData || {};
+
+    const insertValue = getModifyInsert(insert, contextType, value, item.type);
+    const newValue = getUpdatedValue(insertValue, logicalParts, id);
+    const updatedPosition = (position[0] || 1) + insertValue.length + (item.type === ContextType.PipeName ? 1 : 0);
+
+    onSelect(newValue, updatedPosition);
+  }, [contextData, logicalParts]);
+
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!anchorEl.current) {
+      setOffsetPos({ top: 0, left: 0 });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const element = anchorEl.current.querySelector("textarea") || anchorEl.current;
+    const style = window.getComputedStyle(element);
+    const fontSize = `${style.getPropertyValue("font-size")}`;
+    const fontFamily = `${style.getPropertyValue("font-family")}`;
+    const lineHeight = parseInt(`${style.getPropertyValue("line-height")}`);
+
+    const span = document.createElement("div");
+    span.style.font = `${fontSize} ${fontFamily}`;
+    span.style.padding = style.getPropertyValue("padding");
+    span.style.lineHeight = `${lineHeight}px`;
+    span.style.width = `${element.offsetWidth}px`;
+    span.style.maxWidth = `${element.offsetWidth}px`;
+    span.style.whiteSpace = style.getPropertyValue("white-space");
+    span.style.overflowWrap = style.getPropertyValue("overflow-wrap");
+
+    const marker = document.createElement("span");
+    span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(fullValue.valueBeforeCursor || ""));
+    span.appendChild(marker);
+    span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(fullValue.valueAfterCursor || ""));
+    document.body.appendChild(span);
+
+    const spanRect = span.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const markerRect = marker.getBoundingClientRect();
+
+    const leftOffset = markerRect.left - spanRect.left;
+    const topOffset = markerRect.bottom - spanRect.bottom - (hasHelperText ? lineHeight : 0);
+    setOffsetPos({ top: topOffset, left: leftOffset });
+
+    span.remove();
+    marker.remove();
+  }, [anchorEl, caretPosition, hasHelperText, fullValue]);
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <Autocomplete
+        loading={loading}
+        disabledFullScreen
+        value={contextData?.valueContext || ""}
+        options={options}
+        anchor={anchorEl}
+        minLength={0}
+        offset={offsetPos}
+        onSelect={handleSelect}
+        onFoundOptions={onFoundOptions}
+        maxDisplayResults={{
+          limit: AUTOCOMPLETE_LIMITS.displayResults,
+          message: "Please, specify the query more precisely."
+        }}
+      />
+    </>
+  );
+};
+
+export default LogsQueryEditorAutocomplete;

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/LogsQL/parser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { ContextData, ContextType, LogicalPart, LogicalPartPosition, LogicalPartType } from "./types";
+import { pipeList } from "./pipes";
+
+const BUILDER_OPERATORS = ["AND", "OR", "NOT"];
+const PIPE_NAMES = pipeList.map(p => p.value);
+
+export const splitLogicalParts = (expr: string) => {
+  // Replace spaces around the colon (:) with just the colon, removing the spaces
+  const input = expr; //.replace(/\s*:\s*/g, ":");
+  const parts: LogicalPart[] = [];
+  let currentPart = "";
+  let isPipePart = false;
+
+  const quotes = ["'", "\"", "`"];
+  let insideQuotes = false;
+  let expectedQuote = "";
+
+  const openBrackets = ["(", "[", "{"];
+  const closeBrackets = [")", "]", "}"];
+  const brackets = [...openBrackets, ...closeBrackets];
+  let insideBrackets = 0;
+
+  let startIndex = 0;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+    const char = input[i];
+
+    // Check if the current character is a quote
+    if (quotes.includes(char)) {
+      const isClosedQuote: boolean = insideQuotes && (char === expectedQuote);
+      insideQuotes = !isClosedQuote;
+      expectedQuote = isClosedQuote ? "" : char;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the current character is a bracket
+    if (!insideQuotes && brackets.includes(char)) {
+      const dir = openBrackets.includes(char) ? 1 : -1;
+      insideBrackets += dir;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the current character is a pipe
+    if ((!insideQuotes && !insideBrackets && char === "|")) {
+      isPipePart = true;
+      const countStartSpaces = currentPart.match(/^ */)?.[0].length || 0;
+      const countEndSpaces = currentPart.match(/ *$/)?.[0].length || 0;
+      pushPart(currentPart, true, [startIndex + countStartSpaces, i - countEndSpaces - 1], parts);
+      currentPart = "";
+      startIndex = i + 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the current character is a space
+    if (!isPipePart && !insideQuotes && !insideBrackets && char === " ") {
+      const nextStr = input.slice(i).replace(/^\s*/, "");
+      const prevStr = input.slice(0, i).replace(/\s*$/, "");
+      if (!nextStr.startsWith(":") && !prevStr.endsWith(":")) {
+        pushPart(currentPart, false, [startIndex, i - 1], parts);
+        currentPart = "";
+        startIndex = i + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    currentPart += char;
+  }
+
+  // push the last part
+  pushPart(currentPart, isPipePart, [startIndex, input.length], parts);
+
+  return parts;
+};
+
+const pushPart = (currentPart: string, isPipePart: boolean, position: LogicalPartPosition, parts: LogicalPart[]) => {
+  const trimmedPart = currentPart.trim();
+  if (!trimmedPart) return;
+  const isOperator = BUILDER_OPERATORS.includes(trimmedPart.toUpperCase());
+  parts.push({
+    id: parts.length,
+    value: trimmedPart,
+    position,
+    type: isPipePart
+      ? LogicalPartType.Pipe
+      : isOperator ? LogicalPartType.Operator : LogicalPartType.Filter,
+  });
+};
+
+export const getContextData = (part: LogicalPart, cursorPos: number) => {
+  const valueBeforeCursor = part.value.substring(0, cursorPos);
+  const valueAfterCursor = part.value.substring(cursorPos);
+
+  const metaData: ContextData = {
+    valueBeforeCursor,
+    valueAfterCursor,
+    valueContext: part.value,
+    contextType: ContextType.Unknown,
+  };
+
+  if (part.type === LogicalPartType.Filter) {
+    const noColon = !valueBeforeCursor.includes(":") && !valueAfterCursor.includes(":");
+    if (noColon) {
+      metaData.contextType = ContextType.FilterUnknown;
+    } else if (valueBeforeCursor.includes(":")) {
+      const [filterName, filterValue] = valueBeforeCursor.split(":");
+      metaData.contextType = ContextType.FilterValue;
+      metaData.filterName = filterName;
+      metaData.valueContext = filterValue;
+    } else {
+      metaData.contextType = ContextType.FilterName;
+    }
+  } else if (part.type === LogicalPartType.Pipe) {
+    const valueStartWithPipe = PIPE_NAMES.some(p => part.value.startsWith(p));
+    metaData.contextType = valueStartWithPipe ? ContextType.PipeValue : ContextType.PipeName;
+  }
+
+  metaData.valueContext = metaData.valueContext.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, "");
+  return metaData;
+};

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/LogsQL/pipes.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { ContextType } from "./types";
+import { FunctionIcon } from "../../../Main/Icons";
+
+const docsUrl = "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql";
+const classLink = "vm-link vm-link_colored";
+
+const prepareDescription = (text: string): string => {
+  const replaceClass = `$1 target="_blank" class="${classLink}" $2`;
+  const replaceHref = `$1 $2${docsUrl}#`;
+  return text
+    .replace(/(<a) (href=")#/gm, replaceHref)
+    .replace(/(<a) (href="[^"]+")/gm, replaceClass);
+};
+
+export const pipeList = [
+  {
+    "value": "copy",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#copy-pipe\"><code>copy</code></a> copies <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "delete",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#delete-pipe\"><code>delete</code></a> deletes <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "drop_empty_fields",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#drop_empty_fields-pipe\"><code>drop_empty_fields</code></a> drops <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a> with empty values."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "extract",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#extract-pipe\"><code>extract</code></a> extracts the specified text into the given log fields."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "extract_regexp",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#extract_regexp-pipe\"><code>extract_regexp</code></a> extracts the specified text into the given log fields via <a href=\"https://github.com/google/re2/wiki/Syntax\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">RE2 regular expressions</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "field_names",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#field_names-pipe\"><code>field_names</code></a> returns all the names of <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "field_values",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#field_values-pipe\"><code>field_values</code></a> returns all the values for the given <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log field</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "fields",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#fields-pipe\"><code>fields</code></a> selects the given set of <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "filter",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#filter-pipe\"><code>filter</code></a> applies additional <a href=\"#filters\">filters</a> to results."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "format",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#format-pipe\"><code>format</code></a> formats output field from input <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "limit",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#limit-pipe\"><code>limit</code></a> limits the number selected logs."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "math",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#math-pipe\"><code>math</code></a> performs mathematical calculations over <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "offset",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#offset-pipe\"><code>offset</code></a> skips the given number of selected logs."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "pack_json",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#pack_json-pipe\"><code>pack_json</code></a> packs <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a> into JSON object."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "pack_logfmt",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#pack_logfmt-pipe\"><code>pack_logfmt</code></a> packs <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a> into <a href=\"https://brandur.org/logfmt\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">logfmt</a> message."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "rename",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#rename-pipe\"><code>rename</code></a> renames <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "replace",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#replace-pipe\"><code>replace</code></a> replaces substrings in the specified <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "replace_regexp",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#replace_regexp-pipe\"><code>replace_regexp</code></a> updates <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a> with regular expressions."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "sort",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#sort-pipe\"><code>sort</code></a> sorts logs by the given <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "stats",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#stats-pipe\"><code>stats</code></a> calculates various stats over the selected logs."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "stream_context",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#stream_context-pipe\"><code>stream_context</code></a> allows selecting surrounding logs in front and after the matching logs\nper each <a href=\"/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields\">log stream</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "top",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#top-pipe\"><code>top</code></a> returns top <code>N</code> field sets with the maximum number of matching logs."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "uniq",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#uniq-pipe\"><code>uniq</code></a> returns unique log entires."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "unpack_json",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#unpack_json-pipe\"><code>unpack_json</code></a> unpacks JSON messages from <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "unpack_logfmt",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#unpack_logfmt-pipe\"><code>unpack_logfmt</code></a> unpacks <a href=\"https://brandur.org/logfmt\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">logfmt</a> messages from <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "unpack_syslog",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#unpack_syslog-pipe\"><code>unpack_syslog</code></a> unpacks <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">syslog</a> messages from <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  },
+  {
+    "value": "unroll",
+    "description": "<a href=\"#unroll-pipe\"><code>unroll</code></a> unrolls JSON arrays from <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model\">log fields</a>."
+  }
+].map(item => ({
+  ...item,
+  type: ContextType.PipeName,
+  icon: <FunctionIcon/>,
+  description: prepareDescription(item.description),
+}));

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/LogsQL/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+export enum LogicalPartType {
+  Filter = "Filter",
+  Pipe = "Pipe",
+  Operator = "Operator",
+}
+
+export type LogicalPartPosition = [start: number, end: number];
+
+export interface LogicalPart {
+  id: number;
+  value: string;
+  type: LogicalPartType;
+  position: LogicalPartPosition;
+}
+
+export interface ContextData {
+  valueBeforeCursor: string;
+  valueAfterCursor: string;
+  contextType: ContextType;
+  valueContext: string;
+  filterName?: string;
+}
+
+export enum ContextType {
+  FilterName = "FilterName",
+  FilterUnknown = "FilterUnknown",
+  FilterValue = "FilterValue",
+  PipeName = "Pipes",
+  PipeValue = "PipeValue",
+  Unknown = "Unknown",
+}

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/LogsQL/useFetchLogsQLOptions.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import React, { useEffect, useState, useRef, Dispatch, SetStateAction } from "preact/compat";
+import dayjs from "dayjs";
+import { ContextData, ContextType } from "./types";
+import { FunctionIcon, LabelIcon, MetricIcon, ValueIcon } from "../../../Main/Icons";
+import { AutocompleteOptions } from "../../../Main/Autocomplete/Autocomplete";
+import { useAppState } from "../../../../state/common/StateContext";
+import { useTimeState } from "../../../../state/time/TimeStateContext";
+import { useCallback } from "react";
+import { AUTOCOMPLETE_LIMITS } from "../../../../constants/queryAutocomplete";
+import { LogsFiledValues } from "../../../../api/types";
+import { useLogsDispatch, useLogsState } from "../../../../state/logsPanel/LogsStateContext";
+
+type FetchDataArgs = {
+  urlSuffix: string;
+  setter: Dispatch<SetStateAction<AutocompleteOptions[]>>
+  type: ContextType;
+  params?: URLSearchParams;
+}
+
+const icons = {
+  [ContextType.FilterName]: <MetricIcon/>,
+  [ContextType.FilterUnknown]: <MetricIcon/>,
+  [ContextType.FilterValue]: <ValueIcon/>,
+  [ContextType.PipeName]: <FunctionIcon/>,
+  [ContextType.PipeValue]: <LabelIcon/>,
+  [ContextType.Unknown]: <ValueIcon/>
+};
+
+export const useFetchLogsQLOptions = (contextData?: ContextData) => {
+  const { serverUrl } = useAppState();
+  const { period: { start, end } } = useTimeState();
+  const { autocompleteCache } = useLogsState();
+  const dispatch = useLogsDispatch();
+
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+
+  const [fieldNames, setFieldNames] = useState<AutocompleteOptions[]>([]);
+  const [fieldValues, setFieldValues] = useState<AutocompleteOptions[]>([]);
+
+  const abortControllerRef = useRef(new AbortController());
+
+  const getQueryParams = useCallback((params?: Record<string, string>) => {
+    const startDay = dayjs(start * 1000).startOf("day").valueOf() / 1000;
+    const endDay = dayjs(end * 1000).endOf("day").valueOf() / 1000;
+
+    return new URLSearchParams({
+      ...(params || {}),
+      limit: `${AUTOCOMPLETE_LIMITS.queryLimit}`,
+      start: `${startDay}`,
+      end: `${endDay}`
+    });
+  }, [start, end]);
+
+  const processData = (values: LogsFiledValues[], type: ContextType): AutocompleteOptions[] => {
+    return values.map(v => ({
+      value: v.value,
+      type: `${type}`,
+      icon: icons[type]
+    }));
+  };
+
+  const fetchData = async ({ urlSuffix, setter, type, params }: FetchDataArgs) => {
+    // if (!value && type === TypeData.metric) return;
+    abortControllerRef.current.abort();
+    abortControllerRef.current = new AbortController();
+    const { signal } = abortControllerRef.current;
+    const key = `${urlSuffix}?${params?.toString()}`;
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const cachedData = autocompleteCache.get(key);
+      if (cachedData) {
+        setter(processData(cachedData, type));
+        setLoading(false);
+        return;
+      }
+      const response = await fetch(`${serverUrl}/select/logsql/${urlSuffix}?${params}`, { signal });
+      if (response.ok) {
+        const data = await response.json();
+        const value = (data?.values || []) as LogsFiledValues[];
+        setter(value ? processData(value, type) : []);
+        dispatch({ type: "SET_AUTOCOMPLETE_CACHE", payload: { key, value } });
+      }
+      setLoading(false);
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (e instanceof Error && e.name !== "AbortError") {
+        dispatch({ type: "SET_AUTOCOMPLETE_CACHE", payload: { key, value: [] } });
+        setLoading(false);
+        console.error(e);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // fetch field names
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const validContexts = [ContextType.FilterName, ContextType.FilterUnknown];
+    const isInvalidContext = !validContexts.includes(contextData?.contextType || ContextType.Unknown);
+    if (!serverUrl || isInvalidContext) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setFieldNames([]);
+
+    fetchData({
+      urlSuffix: "field_names",
+      setter: setFieldNames,
+      type: ContextType.FilterName,
+      params: getQueryParams({ query: "*" })
+    });
+
+    return () => abortControllerRef.current?.abort();
+  }, [serverUrl, contextData]);
+
+  // fetch field values
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const isInvalidContext = contextData?.contextType !== ContextType.FilterValue;
+    if (!serverUrl || isInvalidContext || !contextData?.filterName) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setFieldValues([]);
+
+    fetchData({
+      urlSuffix: "field_values",
+      setter: setFieldValues,
+      type: ContextType.FilterValue,
+      params: getQueryParams({ query: "*", field: contextData.filterName })
+    });
+
+    return () => abortControllerRef.current?.abort();
+  }, [serverUrl, contextData]);
+
+  return {
+    fieldNames,
+    fieldValues,
+    loading,
+  };
+};

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/QueryEditor.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import React, { FC, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "preact/compat";
 import { KeyboardEvent } from "react";
 import { ErrorTypes } from "../../../types";
 import TextField from "../../Main/TextField/TextField";
-import QueryEditorAutocomplete from "./QueryEditorAutocomplete";
 import "./style.scss";
 import { QueryStats } from "../../../api/types";
 import { partialWarning, seriesFetchedWarning } from "./warningText";
@@ -11,6 +10,16 @@ import useDeviceDetect from "../../../hooks/useDeviceDetect";
 import { useQueryState } from "../../../state/query/QueryStateContext";
 import debounce from "lodash.debounce";
 
+export interface QueryEditorAutocompleteProps {
+  value: string;
+  anchorEl: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
+  caretPosition: [number, number]; // [start, end]
+  hasHelperText: boolean;
+  includeFunctions: boolean;
+  onSelect: (val: string, caretPosition: number) => void;
+  onFoundOptions: (val: AutocompleteOptions[]) => void;
+}
+
 export interface QueryEditorProps {
   onChange: (query: string) => void;
   onEnter: () => void;
@@ -19,6 +28,7 @@ export interface QueryEditorProps {
   value: string;
   oneLiner?: boolean;
   autocomplete: boolean;
+  autocompleteEl?: FC<QueryEditorAutocompleteProps>;
   error?: ErrorTypes | string;
   stats?: QueryStats;
   label: string;
@@ -33,6 +43,7 @@ const QueryEditor: FC<QueryEditorProps> = ({
   onArrowUp,
   onArrowDown,
   autocomplete,
+  autocompleteEl: AutocompleteEl,
   error,
   stats,
   label,
@@ -43,10 +54,11 @@ const QueryEditor: FC<QueryEditorProps> = ({
   const { isMobile } = useDeviceDetect();
 
   const [openAutocomplete, setOpenAutocomplete] = useState(false);
-  const [caretPosition, setCaretPosition] = useState<[number, number]>([0, 0]);
+  const [caretPositionAutocomplete, setCaretPositionAutocomplete] = useState<[number, number]>([0, 0]);
+  const [caretPositionInput, setCaretPositionInput] = useState<[number, number]>([0, 0]);
   const autocompleteAnchorEl = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
 
-  const [showAutocomplete, setShowAutocomplete] = useState(autocomplete);
+  const [showAutocomplete, setShowAutocomplete] = useState(!!AutocompleteEl);
   const debouncedSetShowAutocomplete = useRef(debounce(setShowAutocomplete, 500)).current;
 
   const warning = [
@@ -66,7 +78,7 @@ const QueryEditor: FC<QueryEditorProps> = ({
 
   const handleSelect = (val: string, caretPosition: number) => {
     onChange(val);
-    setCaretPosition([caretPosition, caretPosition]);
+    setCaretPositionInput([caretPosition, caretPosition]);
   };
 
   const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
@@ -108,17 +120,17 @@ const QueryEditor: FC<QueryEditorProps> = ({
   };
 
   const handleChangeCaret = (val: [number, number]) => {
-    setCaretPosition(prev => prev[0] === val[0] && prev[1] === val[1] ? prev : val);
+    setCaretPositionAutocomplete(prev => prev[0] === val[0] && prev[1] === val[1] ? prev : val);
   };
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    setOpenAutocomplete(autocomplete);
+    setOpenAutocomplete(!!AutocompleteEl);
   }, [autocompleteQuick]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     setShowAutocomplete(false);
     debouncedSetShowAutocomplete(true);
-  }, [caretPosition]);
+  }, [caretPositionAutocomplete]);
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -137,13 +149,13 @@ const QueryEditor: FC<QueryEditorProps> = ({
         onChangeCaret={handleChangeCaret}
         disabled={disabled}
         inputmode={"search"}
-        caretPosition={caretPosition}
+        caretPosition={caretPositionInput}
       />
-      {showAutocomplete && autocomplete && (
-        <QueryEditorAutocomplete
+      {showAutocomplete && autocomplete && AutocompleteEl && (
+        <AutocompleteEl
           value={value}
           anchorEl={autocompleteAnchorEl}
-          caretPosition={caretPosition}
+          caretPosition={caretPositionAutocomplete}
           hasHelperText={Boolean(warning || error)}
           includeFunctions={includeFunctions}
           onSelect={handleSelect}

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Configurators/QueryEditor/QueryEditorAutocomplete.tsx

@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
 import React, { FC, useState, useEffect, useMemo, useCallback } from "preact/compat";
-import Autocomplete, { AutocompleteOptions } from "../../Main/Autocomplete/Autocomplete";
+import Autocomplete from "../../Main/Autocomplete/Autocomplete";
 import { useFetchQueryOptions } from "../../../hooks/useFetchQueryOptions";
 import { escapeRegexp, hasUnclosedQuotes } from "../../../utils/regexp";
 import useGetMetricsQL from "../../../hooks/useGetMetricsQL";
 import { QueryContextType } from "../../../types";
 import { AUTOCOMPLETE_LIMITS } from "../../../constants/queryAutocomplete";
-
-interface QueryEditorAutocompleteProps {
-  value: string;
-  anchorEl: React.RefObject<HTMLElement>;
-  caretPosition: [number, number]; // [start, end]
-  hasHelperText: boolean;
-  includeFunctions: boolean;
-  onSelect: (val: string, caretPosition: number) => void;
-  onFoundOptions: (val: AutocompleteOptions[]) => void;
-}
+import { QueryEditorAutocompleteProps } from "./QueryEditor";
 
 const QueryEditorAutocomplete: FC<QueryEditorAutocompleteProps> = ({
   value,

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/ExploreMetrics/ExploreMetricsHeader/style.scss

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@
     align-items: flex-start;
     gap: $padding-small;
 
+    ul {
+      list-style-position: inside;
+    }
+
     button {
       color: inherit;
       min-height: 29px;

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Main/Accordion/Accordion.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ const Accordion: FC<AccordionProps> = ({
   const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(defaultExpanded);
 
   const toggleOpen = () => {
+    const selection = window.getSelection();
+    if (selection && selection.toString()) {
+      return; // If the text is selected, cancel the execution of toggle.
+    }
     setIsOpen(prev => !prev);
   };
 

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Main/Alert/style.scss

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@
     display: flex;
     align-items: center;
     justify-content: center;
+    align-self: flex-start;
+    min-height: 24px;
   }
 
   &__content {

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Main/Autocomplete/Autocomplete.tsx

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ interface AutocompleteProps {
   offset?: {top: number, left: number}
   maxDisplayResults?: {limit: number, message?: string}
   loading?: boolean;
-  onSelect: (val: string) => void
+  onSelect: (val: string, item: AutocompleteOptions) => void
   onOpenAutocomplete?: (val: boolean) => void
   onFoundOptions?: (val: AutocompleteOptions[]) => void
   onChangeWrapperRef?: (elementRef: React.RefObject<HTMLElement>) => void
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ const Autocomplete: FC<AutocompleteProps> = ({
     return noOptionsText && !foundOptions.length;
   }, [noOptionsText,foundOptions]);
 
-  const createHandlerSelect = (item: string) => () => {
+  const createHandlerSelect = (item: AutocompleteOptions) => () => {
     if (disabled) return;
-    onSelect(item);
+    onSelect(item.value, item);
     if (!selected) handleCloseAutocomplete();
   };
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ const Autocomplete: FC<AutocompleteProps> = ({
 
     if (key === "Enter") {
       const item = foundOptions[focusOption.index];
-      item && onSelect(item.value);
+      item && onSelect(item.value, item);
       if (!selected) handleCloseAutocomplete();
     }
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ const Autocomplete: FC<AutocompleteProps> = ({
             })}
             id={`$autocomplete$${option.value}`}
             key={`${i}${option.value}`}
-            onClick={createHandlerSelect(option.value)}
+            onClick={createHandlerSelect(option)}
             onMouseEnter={createHandlerMouseEnter(i)}
             onMouseLeave={handlerMouseLeave}
           >

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/Main/Icons/index.tsx

@@ -570,3 +570,14 @@ export const SpinnerIcon = () => (
     </path>
   </svg>
 );
+
+export const CommentIcon = () => (
+  <svg
+    viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+    fill="currentColor"
+  >
+    <path
+      d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4zM18 14H6v-2h12zm0-3H6V9h12zm0-3H6V6h12z"
+    ></path>
+  </svg>
+);