docs/changelog: cut release v1.141.0

Signed-off-by: Max Kotliar <mkotlyar@victoriametrics.com>

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-Before creating the PR, please read [VictoriaMetrics contributing guidelines](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/contributing/#pull-request-checklist) and remove this line after confirming you understand and follow them.
+**PLEASE REMOVE LINE BELOW BEFORE SUBMITTING**
+
+Before creating the PR, make sure you have read and followed the [VictoriaMetrics contributing guidelines](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/contributing/#pull-request-checklist).

.github/workflows/check-licenses.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: go version
 
       - name: Cache Go artifacts
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/go-build

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis-go.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: go version
 
       - name: Cache Go artifacts
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/go-build
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-codeql-analyze-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4.35.1
         with:
           languages: go
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4.35.1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4.35.1
         with:
           category: 'language:go'

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: go version
 
       - name: Cache golangci-lint
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/golangci-lint

app/vmagent/opentelemetry/request_handler.go

@@ -77,16 +77,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, tss []prompb.TimeSeries, mms []prompb.MetricMeta
 
 	var metadataTotal int
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
-		var accountID, projectID uint32
-		if at != nil {
-			accountID = at.AccountID
-			projectID = at.ProjectID
-			for i := range mms {
-				mm := &mms[i]
-				mm.AccountID = accountID
-				mm.ProjectID = projectID
-			}
-		}
 		ctx.WriteRequest.Metadata = mms
 		metadataTotal = len(mms)
 	}

app/vmagent/prometheusimport/request_handler.go

@@ -75,11 +75,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, rows []prometheus.Row, mms []prometheus.Metadata
 			Samples: samples[len(samples)-1:],
 		})
 	}
-	var accountID, projectID uint32
-	if at != nil {
-		accountID = at.AccountID
-		projectID = at.ProjectID
-	}
 	for i := range mms {
 		mm := &mms[i]
 		mmsDst = append(mmsDst, prompb.MetricMetadata{
@@ -88,8 +83,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, rows []prometheus.Row, mms []prometheus.Metadata
 			Type:             mm.Type,
 			// there is no unit in Prometheus exposition formats
 
-			AccountID: accountID,
-			ProjectID: projectID,
 		})
 	}
 	ctx.WriteRequest.Timeseries = tssDst

app/vmagent/promremotewrite/request_handler.go

@@ -72,11 +72,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, timeseries []prompb.TimeSeries, mms []prompb.Met
 
 	var metadataTotal int
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
-		var accountID, projectID uint32
-		if at != nil {
-			accountID = at.AccountID
-			projectID = at.ProjectID
-		}
 		for i := range mms {
 			mm := &mms[i]
 			mmsDst = append(mmsDst, prompb.MetricMetadata{
@@ -85,8 +80,8 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, timeseries []prompb.TimeSeries, mms []prompb.Met
 				Type:             mm.Type,
 				Unit:             mm.Unit,
 
-				AccountID: accountID,
-				ProjectID: projectID,
+				AccountID: mm.AccountID,
+				ProjectID: mm.ProjectID,
 			})
 		}
 		ctx.WriteRequest.Metadata = mmsDst

app/vmagent/remotewrite/pendingseries.go

@@ -211,6 +211,9 @@ func (wr *writeRequest) copyMetadata(dst, src *prompb.MetricMetadata) {
 	dst.Type = src.Type
 	dst.Unit = src.Unit
 
+	dst.AccountID = src.AccountID
+	dst.ProjectID = src.ProjectID
+
 	// Pre-allocate memory for all string fields.
 	neededBufLen := len(src.MetricFamilyName) + len(src.Help)
 	bufLen := len(wr.metadatabuf)

app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompb.WriteRequest, forceDropSamplesOnFailure
 
 	// Push metadata separately from time series, since it doesn't need sharding,
 	// relabeling, stream aggregation, deduplication, etc.
-	if !tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(rwctxs, mms, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
+	if !tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(at, rwctxs, mms, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -536,11 +536,18 @@ func pushTimeSeriesToRemoteStoragesTrackDropped(tss []prompb.TimeSeries) {
 	}
 }
 
-func tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, mms []prompb.MetricMetadata, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
+func tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(at *auth.Token, rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, mms []prompb.MetricMetadata, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
 	if len(mms) == 0 {
 		// Nothing to push
 		return true
 	}
+	if at != nil {
+		for idx := range mms {
+			mm := &mms[idx]
+			mm.AccountID = at.AccountID
+			mm.ProjectID = at.ProjectID
+		}
+	}
 	// Do not shard metadata even if -remoteWrite.shardByURL is set, just replicate it among rwctxs.
 	// Since metadata is usually small and there is no guarantee that metadata can be sent to
 	// the same remote storage with the corresponding metrics.

app/vmalert/config/config.go

@@ -222,6 +222,9 @@ func (r *Rule) Validate() error {
 	if r.Expr == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("expression can't be empty")
 	}
+	if _, ok := r.Labels["__name__"]; ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid rule label __name__")
+	}
 	return checkOverflow(r.XXX, "rule")
 }
 

app/vmalert/config/config_test.go

@@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ func TestRuleValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := (&Rule{Alert: "alert"}).Validate(); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected empty expr error")
 	}
+	if err := (&Rule{Record: "record", Expr: "sum(test)", Labels: map[string]string{"__name__": "test"}}).Validate(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid rule label; got %s", err)
+	}
 	if err := (&Rule{Alert: "alert", Expr: "test>0"}).Validate(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected valid rule; got %s", err)
 	}

app/vmalert/datasource/datasource.go

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ func (m *Metric) DelLabel(key string) {
 	for i, l := range m.Labels {
 		if l.Name == key {
 			m.Labels = append(m.Labels[:i], m.Labels[i+1:]...)
+			break
 		}
 	}
 }

app/vmalert/rule/alerting.go

@@ -312,9 +312,11 @@ type labelSet struct {
 // On k conflicts in origin set, the original value is preferred and copied
 // to processed with `exported_%k` key. The copy happens only if passed v isn't equal to origin[k] value.
 func (ls *labelSet) add(k, v string) {
-	// do not add label with empty value, since it has no meaning.
-	// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984
+	// do not add label with empty value to the result, as it has no meaning:
+	// if the label already exists in the original query result, remove it to preserve compatibility with relabeling, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10766.
+	// otherwise, ignore the label, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984.
 	if v == "" {
+		delete(ls.processed, k)
 		return
 	}
 	ls.processed[k] = v

app/vmalert/rule/alerting_test.go

@@ -1363,6 +1363,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_ToLabels(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: "instance", Value: "0.0.0.0:8800"},
 			{Name: "group", Value: "vmalert"},
 			{Name: "alertname", Value: "ConfigurationReloadFailure"},
+			{Name: "pod", Value: "vmalert-0"},
 		},
 		Values:     []float64{1},
 		Timestamps: []int64{time.Now().UnixNano()},
@@ -1374,6 +1375,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_ToLabels(t *testing.T) {
 			"group":         "vmalert",  // this shouldn't have effect since value in metric is equal
 			"invalid_label": "{{ .Values.mustRuntimeFail }}",
 			"empty_label":   "", // this should be dropped
+			"pod":           "", // this should remove the pod label from query result
 		},
 		Expr:      "sum(vmalert_alerting_rules_error) by(instance, group, alertname) > 0",
 		Name:      "AlertingRulesError",
@@ -1385,6 +1387,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_ToLabels(t *testing.T) {
 		"group":         "vmalert",
 		"alertname":     "ConfigurationReloadFailure",
 		"alertgroup":    "vmalert",
+		"pod":           "vmalert-0",
 		"invalid_label": `error evaluating template: template: :1:298: executing "" at <.Values.mustRuntimeFail>: can't evaluate field Values in type notifier.tplData`,
 	}
 

app/vmalert/rule/group.go

@@ -409,6 +409,9 @@ func (g *Group) Start(ctx context.Context, rw remotewrite.RWClient, rr datasourc
 	g.mu.Unlock()
 	defer g.evalCancel()
 
+	// start the interval ticker before the first evaluation,
+	// so that the evaluation timestamps of groups with the `eval_offset` option are also aligned,
+	// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10773
 	t := time.NewTicker(g.Interval)
 	defer t.Stop()
 

app/vmalert/rule/recording.go

@@ -293,9 +293,11 @@ func (rr *RecordingRule) toTimeSeries(m datasource.Metric) prompb.TimeSeries {
 	}
 	// add extra labels configured by user
 	for k := range rr.Labels {
-		// do not add label with empty value, since it has no meaning.
-		// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984
+		// do not add label with empty value to the result, as it has no meaning:
+		// if the label already exists in the original query result, remove it to preserve compatibility with relabeling, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10766.
+		// otherwise, ignore the label, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984.
 		if rr.Labels[k] == "" {
+			m.DelLabel(k)
 			continue
 		}
 		existingLabel := promrelabel.GetLabelByName(m.Labels, k)

app/vmalert/rule/recording_test.go

@@ -163,11 +163,13 @@ func TestRecordingRule_Exec(t *testing.T) {
 	f(&RecordingRule{
 		Name: "job:foo",
 		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"source": "test",
+			"source":      "test",
+			"empty_label": "", // this should be dropped
+			"pod":         "", // this should remove the pod label from query result
 		},
 	}, [][]datasource.Metric{{
-		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 2, "__name__", "foo", "job", "foo"),
-		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 1, "__name__", "bar", "job", "bar", "source", "origin"),
+		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 2, "__name__", "foo", "job", "foo", "pod", "vmalert-0"),
+		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 1, "__name__", "bar", "job", "bar", "source", "origin", "pod", "vmalert-1"),
 		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 1, "__name__", "baz", "job", "baz", "source", "test"),
 	}}, [][]prompb.TimeSeries{{
 		newTimeSeries([]float64{2}, []int64{ts.UnixNano()}, []prompb.Label{

app/vmauth/auth_config.go

@@ -362,40 +362,62 @@ func (up *URLPrefix) setLoadBalancingPolicy(loadBalancingPolicy string) error {
 }
 
 type backendURLs struct {
-	healthChecksContext context.Context
-	healthChecksCancel  func()
-	healthChecksWG      sync.WaitGroup
-
+	bhc backendHealthCheck
 	bus []*backendURL
 }
 
+type backendHealthCheck struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	// mu protects fields below
+	cancel    func()
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	isStopped bool
+	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func (bhc *backendHealthCheck) run(hc func()) {
+	bhc.mu.Lock()
+	defer bhc.mu.Unlock()
+	if bhc.isStopped {
+		return
+	}
+	bhc.wg.Go(hc)
+}
+
+func (bhc *backendHealthCheck) stop() {
+	bhc.mu.Lock()
+	bhc.cancel()
+	bhc.isStopped = true
+	bhc.mu.Unlock()
+	bhc.wg.Wait()
+}
+
 func newBackendURLs() *backendURLs {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	return &backendURLs{
-		healthChecksContext: ctx,
-		healthChecksCancel:  cancel,
+		bhc: backendHealthCheck{
+			ctx:    ctx,
+			cancel: cancel,
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 func (bus *backendURLs) add(u *url.URL) {
 	bus.bus = append(bus.bus, &backendURL{
-		url:                u,
-		healthCheckContext: bus.healthChecksContext,
-		healthCheckWG:      &bus.healthChecksWG,
-		hasPlaceHolders:    hasAnyPlaceholders(u),
+		url:             u,
+		bhc:             &bus.bhc,
+		hasPlaceHolders: hasAnyPlaceholders(u),
 	})
 }
 
 func (bus *backendURLs) stopHealthChecks() {
-	bus.healthChecksCancel()
-	bus.healthChecksWG.Wait()
+	bus.bhc.stop()
 }
 
 type backendURL struct {
 	broken atomic.Bool
 
-	healthCheckContext context.Context
-	healthCheckWG      *sync.WaitGroup
+	bhc *backendHealthCheck
 
 	concurrentRequests atomic.Int32
 
@@ -410,7 +432,7 @@ func (bu *backendURL) isBroken() bool {
 
 func (bu *backendURL) setBroken() {
 	if bu.broken.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
-		bu.healthCheckWG.Go(func() {
+		bu.bhc.run(func() {
 			bu.runHealthCheck()
 			bu.broken.Store(false)
 		})
@@ -432,11 +454,11 @@ func (bu *backendURL) runHealthCheck() {
 		case <-t.C:
 			// Verify network connectivity via TCP dial before marking backend healthy.
 			// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9997
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(bu.healthCheckContext, time.Second)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(bu.bhc.ctx, time.Second)
 			c, err := netutil.Dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
 			cancel()
 			if err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(bu.healthCheckContext.Err(), context.Canceled) {
+				if errors.Is(bu.bhc.ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 					return
 				}
 				logger.Warnf("ignoring the backend at %s for %s because of dial error: %s", addr, *failTimeout, err)
@@ -445,7 +467,7 @@ func (bu *backendURL) runHealthCheck() {
 
 			_ = c.Close()
 			return
-		case <-bu.healthCheckContext.Done():
+		case <-bu.bhc.ctx.Done():
 			return
 		}
 	}

app/vmctl/opentsdb.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	vmetrics "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+	"github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmctl/opentsdb"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmctl/vm"
-	"github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3"
 )
 
 type otsdbProcessor struct {
@@ -89,9 +89,6 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) run(ctx context.Context) error {
 		// we're going to make serieslist * queryRanges queries, so we should represent that in the progress bar
 		otsdbSeriesTotal.Add(len(serieslist) * queryRanges)
 		bar := pb.StartNew(len(serieslist) * queryRanges)
-		defer func(bar *pb.ProgressBar) {
-			bar.Finish()
-		}(bar)
 		var wg sync.WaitGroup
 		for range op.otsdbcc {
 			wg.Go(func() {
@@ -106,41 +103,22 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) run(ctx context.Context) error {
 				}
 			})
 		}
-		/*
-			Loop through all series for this metric, processing all retentions and time ranges
-			requested. This loop is our primary "collect data from OpenTSDB loop" and should
-			be async, sending data to VictoriaMetrics over time.
+		runErr := op.sendQueries(ctx, serieslist, seriesCh, errCh, startTime)
 
-			The idea with having the select at the inner-most loop is to ensure quick
-			short-circuiting on error.
-		*/
-		for _, series := range serieslist {
-			for _, rt := range op.oc.Retentions {
-				for _, tr := range rt.QueryRanges {
-					select {
-					case otsdbErr := <-errCh:
-						return fmt.Errorf("opentsdb error: %s", otsdbErr)
-					case vmErr := <-op.im.Errors():
-						otsdbErrorsTotal.Inc()
-						return fmt.Errorf("import process failed: %s", wrapErr(vmErr, op.isVerbose))
-					case seriesCh <- queryObj{
-						Tr: tr, StartTime: startTime,
-						Series: series, Rt: opentsdb.RetentionMeta{
-							FirstOrder: rt.FirstOrder, SecondOrder: rt.SecondOrder, AggTime: rt.AggTime}}:
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Drain channels per metric
+		// Always drain channels and wait for workers to prevent goroutine leaks
 		close(seriesCh)
 		wg.Wait()
 		close(errCh)
 		// check for any lingering errors on the query side
 		for otsdbErr := range errCh {
-			return fmt.Errorf("import process failed: \n%s", otsdbErr)
+			if runErr == nil {
+				runErr = fmt.Errorf("import process failed: \n%s", otsdbErr)
+			}
 		}
 		bar.Finish()
+		if runErr != nil {
+			return runErr
+		}
 		log.Print(op.im.Stats())
 	}
 	op.im.Close()
@@ -155,6 +133,34 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// sendQueries iterates over all series and retention ranges, sending queries to workers.
+// It returns early if ctx is canceled or an error is received.
+func (op *otsdbProcessor) sendQueries(ctx context.Context, serieslist []opentsdb.Meta, seriesCh chan<- queryObj, errCh <-chan error, startTime int64) error {
+	for _, series := range serieslist {
+		for _, rt := range op.oc.Retentions {
+			for _, tr := range rt.QueryRanges {
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return fmt.Errorf("context canceled: %s", ctx.Err())
+				case otsdbErr := <-errCh:
+					otsdbErrorsTotal.Inc()
+					return fmt.Errorf("opentsdb error: %s", otsdbErr)
+				case vmErr := <-op.im.Errors():
+					return fmt.Errorf("import process failed: %s", wrapErr(vmErr, op.isVerbose))
+				case seriesCh <- queryObj{
+					Tr: tr, StartTime: startTime,
+					Series: series, Rt: opentsdb.RetentionMeta{
+						FirstOrder:  rt.FirstOrder,
+						SecondOrder: rt.SecondOrder,
+						AggTime:     rt.AggTime,
+					}}:
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (op *otsdbProcessor) do(s queryObj) error {
 	start := s.StartTime - s.Tr.Start
 	end := s.StartTime - s.Tr.End
@@ -163,6 +169,7 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) do(s queryObj) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to collect data for %v in %v:%v :: %v", s.Series, s.Rt, s.Tr, err)
 	}
 	if len(data.Timestamps) < 1 || len(data.Values) < 1 {
+		log.Printf("no data found for %v in %v:%v...skipping", s.Series, s.Rt, s.Tr)
 		return nil
 	}
 	labels := make([]vm.LabelPair, 0, len(data.Tags))

app/vmctl/opentsdb/opentsdb.go

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ func (c Client) FindMetrics(q string) ([]string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad return from OpenTSDB: %d: %v", resp.StatusCode, resp)
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve metric data from %q: %s", q, err)
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ func (c Client) FindSeries(metric string) ([]Meta, error) {
 	q := fmt.Sprintf("%s/api/search/lookup?m=%s&limit=%d", c.Addr, metric, c.Limit)
 	resp, err := c.c.Get(q)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad return from OpenTSDB: %d: %v", resp.StatusCode, resp)
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve series data from %q: %s", q, err)
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ func (c Client) GetData(series Meta, rt RetentionMeta, start int64, end int64, m
 	if err != nil {
 		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to send GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	/*
 		There are three potential failures here, none of which should kill the entire
 		migration run:
@@ -196,7 +197,6 @@ func (c Client) GetData(series Meta, rt RetentionMeta, start int64, end int64, m
 		log.Printf("bad response code from OpenTSDB query %v for %q...skipping", resp.StatusCode, q)
 		return Metric{}, nil
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Println("couldn't read response body from OpenTSDB query...skipping")
@@ -239,27 +239,20 @@ func (c Client) GetData(series Meta, rt RetentionMeta, start int64, end int64, m
 		In all "bad" cases, we don't end the migration, we just don't process that particular message
 	*/
 	if len(output) < 1 {
-		// no results returned...return an empty object without error
 		return Metric{}, nil
 	}
 	if len(output) > 1 {
-		// multiple series returned for a single query. We can't process this right, so...
-		return Metric{}, nil
+		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected number of series returned: %d for query %q; expected 1", len(output), q)
 	}
 	if len(output[0].AggregateTags) > 0 {
-		// This failure means we've suppressed potential series somehow...
-		return Metric{}, nil
+		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("aggregate tags %v present in response for query %q; series may be suppressed", output[0].AggregateTags, q)
 	}
 	data := Metric{}
 	data.Metric = output[0].Metric
 	data.Tags = output[0].Tags
-	/*
-		We evaluate data for correctness before formatting the actual values
-		to skip a little bit of time if the series has invalid formatting
-	*/
 	data, err = modifyData(data, c.Normalize)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Metric{}, nil
+		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert metric data for query %q: %w", q, err)
 	}
 
 	/*

app/vmctl/opentsdb/parser.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func convertDuration(duration string) (time.Duration, error) {
 	var err error
 	var timeValue int
 	if strings.HasSuffix(duration, "y") {
-		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.Trim(duration, "y"))
+		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSuffix(duration, "y"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func convertDuration(duration string) (time.Duration, error) {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
 	} else if strings.HasSuffix(duration, "w") {
-		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.Trim(duration, "w"))
+		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSuffix(duration, "w"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func convertDuration(duration string) (time.Duration, error) {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
 	} else if strings.HasSuffix(duration, "d") {
-		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.Trim(duration, "d"))
+		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSuffix(duration, "d"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ func convertRetention(retention string, offset int64, msecTime bool) (Retention,
 	if !msecTime {
 		queryLength = queryLength / 1000
 	}
+	if queryLength <= 0 {
+		return Retention{}, fmt.Errorf("ttl %q resolves to non-positive query range %d; use a larger duration", chunks[2], queryLength)
+	}
 	queryRange := queryLength
 	// bump by the offset so we don't look at empty ranges any time offset > ttl
 	queryLength += offset
@@ -138,16 +141,29 @@ func convertRetention(retention string, offset int64, msecTime bool) (Retention,
 			2. we discover the actual size of each "chunk"
 			   This is second division step
 		*/
-		querySize = int64(queryRange / (queryRange / (rowLength * 4)))
+		divisor := queryRange / (rowLength * 4)
+		if divisor == 0 {
+			querySize = queryRange
+		} else {
+			querySize = queryRange / divisor
+		}
 	} else {
 		/*
 			Unless the aggTime (how long a range of data we're requesting per individual point)
 			is greater than the row size. Then we'll need to use that to determine
 			how big each individual query should be
 		*/
-		querySize = int64(queryRange / (queryRange / (aggTime * 4)))
+		divisor := queryRange / (aggTime * 4)
+		if divisor == 0 {
+			querySize = queryRange
+		} else {
+			querySize = queryRange / divisor
+		}
 	}
 
+	if querySize <= 0 {
+		return Retention{}, fmt.Errorf("computed non-positive querySize=%d for retention %q; check parameters", querySize, retention)
+	}
 	var timeChunks []TimeRange
 	var i int64
 	for i = offset; i <= queryLength; i = i + querySize {

app/vmselect/prometheus/prometheus.go

@@ -1223,11 +1223,7 @@ func getCommonParamsInternal(r *http.Request, startTime time.Time, requireNonEmp
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Limit the `end` arg to the current time +2 days in the same way
-	// as it is limited during data ingestion.
-	// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/ea06d2fd3ccbbb6aa4480ab3b04f7b671408be2a/lib/storage/table.go#L378
-	// This should fix possible timestamp overflow - see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/2669
-	maxTS := startTime.UnixNano()/1e6 + 2*24*3600*1000
+	maxTS := int64(math.MaxInt64 / 1_000_000)
 	if end > maxTS {
 		end = maxTS
 	}

app/vmselect/vmui/index.html

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
   <meta property="og:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics">
   <meta property="og:url" content="https://victoriametrics.com/">
   <meta property="og:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data">
-  <script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index-C24BPpD_.js"></script>
+  <script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index-fsxQMWD9.js"></script>
   <link rel="modulepreload" crossorigin href="./assets/rolldown-runtime-COnpUsM8.js">
-  <link rel="modulepreload" crossorigin href="./assets/vendor-BWBgVCcr.js">
+  <link rel="modulepreload" crossorigin href="./assets/vendor-BF3F25aG.js">
   <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/vendor-CnsZ1jie.css">
   <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/index-D2OEy8Ra.css">
 </head>

app/vmstorage/main.go

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ import (
 var (
 	retentionPeriod = flagutil.NewRetentionDuration("retentionPeriod", "1M", "Data with timestamps outside the retentionPeriod is automatically deleted. The minimum retentionPeriod is 24h or 1d. "+
 		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention. See also -retentionFilter")
+	futureRetention = flagutil.NewRetentionDuration("futureRetention", "2d", "Data with timestamps bigger than now+futureRetention is automatically deleted. "+
+		"The minimum futureRetention is 2 days. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention")
 	snapshotAuthKey   = flagutil.NewPassword("snapshotAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /snapshot* pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	forceMergeAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("forceMergeAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_merge pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	forceFlushAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("forceFlushAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_flush pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
@@ -135,7 +137,12 @@ func Init(resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 	mergeset.SetDataBlocksSparseCacheSize(cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocksSparse.IntN())
 
 	if retentionPeriod.Duration() < 24*time.Hour {
-		logger.Fatalf("-retentionPeriod cannot be smaller than a day; got %s", retentionPeriod)
+		logger.Fatalf("-retentionPeriod cannot be smaller than a day; got %s. "+
+			"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention", retentionPeriod)
+	}
+	if futureRetention.Duration() < 2*24*time.Hour {
+		logger.Fatalf("-futureRetention cannot be smaller than 2 days; got %s. "+
+			"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention", futureRetention)
 	}
 	if *idbPrefillStart > 23*time.Hour {
 		logger.Panicf("-storage.idbPrefillStart cannot exceed 23 hours; got %s", idbPrefillStart)
@@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ func Init(resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 	WG = syncwg.WaitGroup{}
 	opts := storage.OpenOptions{
 		Retention:             retentionPeriod.Duration(),
+		FutureRetention:       futureRetention.Duration(),
 		MaxHourlySeries:       getMaxHourlySeries(),
 		MaxDailySeries:        getMaxDailySeries(),
 		DisablePerDayIndex:    *disablePerDayIndex,

app/vmui/Dockerfile-web

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ COPY web/ /build/
 RUN GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o web-amd64 github.com/VictoriMetrics/vmui/ && \
     GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o web-windows github.com/VictoriMetrics/vmui/
 
-FROM alpine:3.23.3
+FROM alpine:3.23.4
 USER root
 
 COPY --from=build-web-stage /build/web-amd64 /app/web

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/utils/color.ts

@@ -1,47 +1,18 @@
 import { ArrayRGB } from "../types";
 
 export const baseContrastColors = [
-  "#e54040",
-  "#32a9dc",
-  "#2ee329",
-  "#7126a1",
-  "#e38f0f",
-  "#3d811a",
-  "#ffea00",
-  "#2d2d2d",
-  "#da42a6",
-  "#a44e0c",
+  "#e6194b", // red
+  "#4363d8", // blue
+  "#3cb44b", // green
+  "#911eb4", // purple
+  "#f58231", // orange
+  "#f032e6", // magenta
+  "#c8a200", // dark yellow
+  "#a65628", // brown
+  "#42d4f4", // cyan
+  "#a9a9a9", // gray
 ];
 
-export const hexToRGB = (hex: string): string => {
-  if (hex.length != 7) return "0, 0, 0";
-  const r = parseInt(hex.slice(1, 3), 16);
-  const g = parseInt(hex.slice(3, 5), 16);
-  const b = parseInt(hex.slice(5, 7), 16);
-  return `${r}, ${g}, ${b}`;
-};
-
-export const getColorFromString = (text: string): string => {
-  const SEED = 16777215;
-  const FACTOR = 49979693;
-
-  let b = 1;
-  let d = 0;
-  let f = 1;
-
-  if (text.length > 0) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-      text[i].charCodeAt(0) > d && (d = text[i].charCodeAt(0));
-      f = parseInt(String(SEED / d));
-      b = (b + text[i].charCodeAt(0) * f * FACTOR) % SEED;
-    }
-  }
-
-  let hex = ((b * text.length) % SEED).toString(16);
-  hex = hex.padEnd(6, hex);
-  return `#${hex}`;
-};
-
 export const getContrastColor = (value: string) => {
   let hex = value.replace("#", "").trim();
 
@@ -70,3 +41,109 @@ export const generateGradient = (start: ArrayRGB, end: ArrayRGB, steps: number)
   }
   return gradient.map(c => `rgb(${c})`);
 };
+
+const clamp = (n: number, min: number, max: number) => Math.min(max, Math.max(min, n));
+
+const hexToRgb = (hex: string) => {
+  let value = hex.replace("#", "").trim();
+
+  if (value.length === 3) {
+    value = value.split("").map((c) => c + c).join("");
+  }
+
+  if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(value)) {
+    throw new Error("Invalid HEX color.");
+  }
+
+  return {
+    r: parseInt(value.slice(0, 2), 16),
+    g: parseInt(value.slice(2, 4), 16),
+    b: parseInt(value.slice(4, 6), 16),
+  };
+};
+
+const rgbToHex = (r: number, g: number, b: number) =>
+  `#${[r, g, b].map((v) => clamp(Math.round(v), 0, 255).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("")}`;
+
+const rgbToHsl = (r: number, g: number, b: number) => {
+  r /= 255; g /= 255; b /= 255;
+  const max = Math.max(r, g, b);
+  const min = Math.min(r, g, b);
+  const l = (max + min) / 2;
+  const d = max - min;
+
+  let h = 0;
+  let s = 0;
+
+  if (d !== 0) {
+    s = d / (1 - Math.abs(2 * l - 1));
+
+    switch (max) {
+      case r: h = ((g - b) / d) % 6; break;
+      case g: h = (b - r) / d + 2; break;
+      case b: h = (r - g) / d + 4; break;
+    }
+
+    h *= 60;
+    if (h < 0) h += 360;
+  }
+
+  return { h, s: s * 100, l: l * 100 };
+};
+
+const hslToRgb = (h: number, s: number, l: number) => {
+  s /= 100;
+  l /= 100;
+
+  const c = (1 - Math.abs(2 * l - 1)) * s;
+  const x = c * (1 - Math.abs((h / 60) % 2 - 1));
+  const m = l - c / 2;
+
+  let r: number;
+  let g: number;
+  let b: number;
+
+  if (h < 60) [r, g, b] = [c, x, 0];
+  else if (h < 120) [r, g, b] = [x, c, 0];
+  else if (h < 180) [r, g, b] = [0, c, x];
+  else if (h < 240) [r, g, b] = [0, x, c];
+  else if (h < 300) [r, g, b] = [x, 0, c];
+  else [r, g, b] = [c, 0, x];
+
+  return {
+    r: (r + m) * 255,
+    g: (g + m) * 255,
+    b: (b + m) * 255,
+  };
+};
+
+const varyColor = (hex: string, variant: number) => {
+  const { r, g, b } = hexToRgb(hex);
+  const { h, s, l } = rgbToHsl(r, g, b);
+
+  const variants = [
+    { ds: 0,   dl: 0   },
+    { ds: -20, dl: -16 },
+    { ds: -16, dl: +16 },
+    { ds: +14, dl: -20  },
+  ];
+
+  const v = variants[variant % variants.length];
+
+  const nextS = clamp(s + v.ds, 35, 85);
+  const nextL = clamp(l + v.dl, 35, 70);
+
+  const rgb = hslToRgb(h, nextS, nextL);
+  return rgbToHex(rgb.r, rgb.g, rgb.b);
+};
+
+export const getSeriesColor = (index: number) => {
+  const baseCount = baseContrastColors.length;
+
+  const baseIndex = index % baseCount;
+  const variantIndex = Math.floor(index / baseCount);
+
+  const base = baseContrastColors[(baseIndex + variantIndex) % baseCount];
+
+  return varyColor(base, variantIndex);
+};

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/utils/uplot/series.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { MetricBase, MetricResult } from "../../api/types";
 import uPlot, { Series as uPlotSeries } from "uplot";
 import { getNameForMetric, promValueToNumber } from "../metric";
 import { HideSeriesArgs, LegendItemType, SeriesItem } from "../../types";
-import { baseContrastColors, getColorFromString } from "../color";
+import { getSeriesColor } from "../color";
 import { getMathStats } from "../math";
 import { formatPrettyNumber } from "./helpers";
 import { drawPoints } from "./scatter";
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@ export const extractFields = (metric: MetricBase["metric"]): string => {
 
 export const getSeriesItemContext = (data: MetricResult[], hideSeries: string[], alias: string[], showPoints?: boolean, isRawQuery?: boolean) => {
   const colorState: {[key: string]: string} = {};
-  const maxColors = Math.min(data.length, baseContrastColors.length);
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < maxColors; i++) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
     const label = getNameForMetric(data[i], alias[data[i].group - 1]);
-    colorState[label] = baseContrastColors[i];
+    colorState[label] = getSeriesColor(i);
   }
 
   return (d: MetricResult): SeriesItem => {
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ export const getSeriesItemContext = (data: MetricResult[], hideSeries: string[],
       label,
       hasAlias: Boolean(aliasValue),
       width: 1.4,
-      stroke: colorState[label] || getColorFromString(label),
+      stroke: colorState[label],
       points: getPointsSeries(showPoints, isRawQuery),
       spanGaps: false,
       freeFormFields: d.metric,

apptest/model.go

@@ -93,6 +93,14 @@ type QueryOpts struct {
 	Headers        http.Header
 }
 
+// getTenant returns tenant with optional default value
+func (qos *QueryOpts) getTenant() string {
+	if qos.Tenant == "" {
+		return "0"
+	}
+	return qos.Tenant
+}
+
 func (qos *QueryOpts) getHeaders() http.Header {
 	if qos.Headers == nil {
 		qos.Headers = make(http.Header)

apptest/tests/backup_restore_test.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ func TestSingleBackupRestore(t *testing.T) {
 			return tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
 				"-storageDataPath=" + storageDataPath,
 				"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+				"-futureRetention=2y",
 			})
 		},
 		stopSUT: func() {
@@ -60,11 +61,13 @@ func TestClusterBackupRestore(t *testing.T) {
 				Vmstorage1Flags: []string{
 					"-storageDataPath=" + storage1DataPath,
 					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=2y",
 				},
 				Vmstorage2Instance: "vmstorage2",
 				Vmstorage2Flags: []string{
 					"-storageDataPath=" + storage2DataPath,
 					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=2y",
 				},
 				VminsertInstance: "vminsert",
 				VminsertFlags:    []string{},
@@ -97,10 +100,16 @@ func TestClusterBackupRestore(t *testing.T) {
 func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 	t := tc.T()
 
-	genData := func(count int, prefix string, start, step int64) (recs []string, wantSeries []map[string]string, wantQueryResults []*apptest.QueryResult) {
-		recs = make([]string, count)
-		wantSeries = make([]map[string]string, count)
-		wantQueryResults = make([]*apptest.QueryResult, count)
+	type data struct {
+		samples          []string
+		wantSeries       []map[string]string
+		wantQueryResults []*apptest.QueryResult
+	}
+
+	genData := func(count int, prefix string, start, step int64) data {
+		recs := make([]string, count)
+		wantSeries := make([]map[string]string, count)
+		wantQueryResults := make([]*apptest.QueryResult, count)
 		for i := range count {
 			name := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%03d", prefix, i)
 			value := float64(i)
@@ -113,7 +122,15 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 				Samples: []*apptest.Sample{{Timestamp: timestamp, Value: value}},
 			}
 		}
-		return recs, wantSeries, wantQueryResults
+		return data{recs, wantSeries, wantQueryResults}
+	}
+
+	concatData := func(d1, d2 data) data {
+		var d data
+		d.samples = slices.Concat(d1.samples, d2.samples)
+		d.wantSeries = slices.Concat(d1.wantSeries, d2.wantSeries)
+		d.wantQueryResults = slices.Concat(d1.wantQueryResults, d2.wantQueryResults)
+		return d
 	}
 
 	backupBaseDir, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "backups"))
@@ -190,10 +207,20 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 	// Use the same number of metrics and time range for all the data ingestions
 	// below.
 	const numMetrics = 1000
-	// With 1000 metrics (one per minute), the time range spans 2 months.
 	start := time.Date(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
 	end := time.Date(2025, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
 	step := (end - start) / numMetrics
+	batch1 := genData(numMetrics, "batch1", start, step)
+	batch2 := genData(numMetrics, "batch2", start, step)
+	batches12 := concatData(batch1, batch2)
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	startFuture := time.Date(now.Year()+1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	endFuture := time.Date(now.Year()+1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	stepFuture := (endFuture - startFuture) / numMetrics
+	batch1Future := genData(numMetrics, "batch1", startFuture, stepFuture)
+	batch2Future := genData(numMetrics, "batch2", startFuture, stepFuture)
+	batches12Future := concatData(batch1Future, batch2Future)
 
 	// Verify backup/restore:
 	//
@@ -207,24 +234,25 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 	// - Start vmsingle
 	// - Ensure that the queries return batch1 data only.
 
-	batch1Data, wantBatch1Series, wantBatch1QueryResults := genData(numMetrics, "batch1", start, step)
-	batch2Data, wantBatch2Series, wantBatch2QueryResults := genData(numMetrics, "batch2", start, step)
-	wantBatch12Series := slices.Concat(wantBatch1Series, wantBatch2Series)
-	wantBatch12QueryResults := slices.Concat(wantBatch1QueryResults, wantBatch2QueryResults)
-
 	sut := opts.startSUT()
 
-	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch1Data, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch1.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch1Future.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
 	sut.ForceFlush(t)
-	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, wantBatch1Series)
-	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, step, wantBatch1QueryResults)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, batch1.wantSeries)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, batch1Future.wantSeries)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, step, batch1.wantQueryResults)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, stepFuture, batch1Future.wantQueryResults)
 
 	createBackup(sut, "batch1")
 
-	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch2Data, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch2.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch2Future.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
 	sut.ForceFlush(t)
-	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, wantBatch12Series)
-	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, step, wantBatch12QueryResults)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, batches12.wantSeries)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, batches12Future.wantSeries)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, step, batches12.wantQueryResults)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, stepFuture, batches12Future.wantQueryResults)
 	createBackup(sut, "batch12")
 
 	opts.stopSUT()
@@ -233,6 +261,8 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 
 	sut = opts.startSUT()
 
-	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, wantBatch1Series)
-	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, step, wantBatch1QueryResults)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, batch1.wantSeries)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, batch1Future.wantSeries)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, step, batch1.wantQueryResults)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, stepFuture, batch1Future.wantQueryResults)
 }

apptest/tests/future_timestamps_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
+)
+
+func TestSingleFutureTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	opts := testFutureTimestampsOpts{
+		start: func() apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier {
+			return tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
+				"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmsingle"),
+				"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+				"-futureRetention=100y",
+			})
+		},
+		stop: func() {
+			tc.StopApp("vmsingle")
+		},
+	}
+
+	testFutureTimestamps(tc, opts)
+}
+
+func TestClusterFutureTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	opts := testFutureTimestampsOpts{
+		start: func() apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier {
+			return tc.MustStartCluster(&apptest.ClusterOptions{
+				Vmstorage1Instance: "vmstorage1",
+				Vmstorage1Flags: []string{
+					"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmstorage1"),
+					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=100y",
+				},
+				Vmstorage2Instance: "vmstorage2",
+				Vmstorage2Flags: []string{
+					"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmstorage2"),
+					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=100y",
+				},
+				VminsertInstance: "vminsert",
+				VminsertFlags:    []string{},
+				VmselectInstance: "vmselect",
+				VmselectFlags:    []string{},
+			})
+		},
+		stop: func() {
+			tc.StopApp("vminsert")
+			tc.StopApp("vmselect")
+			tc.StopApp("vmstorage1")
+			tc.StopApp("vmstorage2")
+		},
+	}
+
+	testFutureTimestamps(tc, opts)
+}
+
+type testFutureTimestampsOpts struct {
+	start func() apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier
+	stop  func()
+}
+
+func testFutureTimestamps(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testFutureTimestampsOpts) {
+	t := tc.T()
+
+	// assertSeries retrieves set of all metric names from the storage and
+	// compares it with the expected set.
+	assertSeries := func(app apptest.PrometheusQuerier, prefix string, start, end int64, want []map[string]string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"metric_%s.*"}`, prefix)
+		tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+			Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/series response",
+			Got: func() any {
+				return app.PrometheusAPIV1Series(t, query, apptest.QueryOpts{
+					Start: fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+					End:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+				}).Sort()
+			},
+			Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data:   want,
+			},
+			FailNow: true,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// assertSeries retrieves all data from the storage and compares it with the
+	// expected result.
+	assertQueryResults := func(app apptest.PrometheusQuerier, prefix string, start, end, step int64, want []*apptest.QueryResult) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"metric_%s.*"}`, prefix)
+		tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+			Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/query_range response",
+			Got: func() any {
+				return app.PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t, query, apptest.QueryOpts{
+					Start:       fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+					End:         fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+					Step:        fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step),
+					MaxLookback: fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step-1),
+					NoCache:     "1",
+				})
+			},
+			Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data: &apptest.QueryData{
+					ResultType: "matrix",
+					Result:     want,
+				},
+			},
+			FailNow: true,
+		})
+	}
+
+	f := func(prefix string, startTime, endTime time.Time, wantEmpty bool) {
+		const numMetrics = 1000
+		start := startTime.UnixMilli()
+		end := endTime.UnixMilli()
+		step := (end - start) / numMetrics
+		data := genFutureTimestampsData(prefix, numMetrics, start, step)
+		if wantEmpty {
+			data.wantSeries = []map[string]string{}
+			data.wantQueryResults = []*apptest.QueryResult{}
+		}
+
+		// Ingest data and check query results.
+		sut := opts.start()
+		sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, data.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+		sut.ForceFlush(t)
+		assertSeries(sut, prefix, start, end, data.wantSeries)
+		assertQueryResults(sut, prefix, start, end, step, data.wantQueryResults)
+
+		// Ensure the queries work after restrart.
+		opts.stop()
+		sut = opts.start()
+		assertSeries(sut, prefix, start, end, data.wantSeries)
+		assertQueryResults(sut, prefix, start, end, step, data.wantQueryResults)
+
+		opts.stop()
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	retentionLimit := 100 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+	var start, end time.Time
+
+	start = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day()+1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day()+2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	f("future_1d", start, end, false)
+
+	start = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month()+1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month()+2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	f("future_1m", start, end, false)
+
+	start = time.Date(now.Year()+1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end = time.Date(now.Year()+2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	f("future_1y", start, end, false)
+
+	start = now.Add(retentionLimit - 24*time.Hour)
+	end = now.Add(retentionLimit)
+	f("future_1d_before_limit", start, end, false)
+
+	start = now.Add(retentionLimit + time.Minute)
+	end = now.Add(retentionLimit + 24*time.Hour)
+	f("future_1d_beyond_limit", start, end, true)
+
+}
+
+type futureTimestampsData struct {
+	samples          []string
+	wantSeries       []map[string]string
+	wantQueryResults []*apptest.QueryResult
+}
+
+func genFutureTimestampsData(prefix string, numMetrics, start, step int64) futureTimestampsData {
+	samples := make([]string, numMetrics)
+	wantSeries := make([]map[string]string, numMetrics)
+	wantQueryResults := make([]*apptest.QueryResult, numMetrics)
+	for i := range numMetrics {
+		metricName := fmt.Sprintf("metric_%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		labelName := fmt.Sprintf("label_%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		labelValue := fmt.Sprintf("value_%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		value := i
+		timestamp := start + i*step
+		samples[i] = fmt.Sprintf(`%s{%s="value", label="%s"} %d %d`, metricName, labelName, labelValue, value, timestamp)
+		wantSeries[i] = map[string]string{
+			"__name__": metricName,
+			labelName:  "value",
+			"label":    labelValue,
+		}
+		wantQueryResults[i] = &apptest.QueryResult{
+			Metric: map[string]string{
+				"__name__": metricName,
+				labelName:  "value",
+				"label":    labelValue,
+			},
+			Samples: []*apptest.Sample{{Timestamp: timestamp, Value: float64(value)}},
+		}
+	}
+	return futureTimestampsData{samples, wantSeries, wantQueryResults}
+}

apptest/tests/opentsdb_server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// openTSDBPoint is a single data point served by the mock OpenTSDB server.
+type openTSDBPoint struct {
+	Metric    string
+	Tags      map[string]string
+	Timestamp int64
+	Value     float64
+}
+
+// openTSDBMockServer implements the minimal subset of the OpenTSDB HTTP API
+// used by vmctl opentsdb: /api/suggest, /api/search/lookup, /api/query.
+type openTSDBMockServer struct {
+	server *httptest.Server
+	points []openTSDBPoint
+}
+
+// newOpenTSDBMockServer starts an httptest server serving the given points.
+func newOpenTSDBMockServer(t *testing.T, points []openTSDBPoint) *openTSDBMockServer {
+	t.Helper()
+	s := &openTSDBMockServer{points: points}
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/suggest", s.handleSuggest)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/search/lookup", s.handleLookup)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/query", s.handleQuery)
+	s.server = httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	return s
+}
+
+// close shuts down the server.
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) close() { s.server.Close() }
+
+// httpAddr returns the server URL.
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) httpAddr() string { return s.server.URL }
+
+// handleSuggest serves https://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/suggest.html
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) handleSuggest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q := r.URL.Query().Get("q")
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(s.points))
+	var out []string
+	for _, p := range s.points {
+		if seen[p.Metric] {
+			continue
+		}
+		if q != "" && !strings.Contains(p.Metric, q) {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[p.Metric] = true
+		out = append(out, p.Metric)
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(out)
+}
+
+// handleLookup serves https://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/search/lookup.html
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) handleLookup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	metric := r.URL.Query().Get("m")
+	type meta struct {
+		Metric string            `json:"metric"`
+		Tags   map[string]string `json:"tags"`
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(s.points))
+	var results []meta
+	for _, p := range s.points {
+		if p.Metric != metric {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := tagsKey(p.Tags)
+		if seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		results = append(results, meta{p.Metric, p.Tags})
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+		"type":    "LOOKUP",
+		"metric":  metric,
+		"results": results,
+	})
+}
+
+// handleQuery serves https://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/query/index.html
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) handleQuery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	m := r.URL.Query().Get("m")
+	metric, tagFilter, ok := parseQuery(m)
+	if !ok {
+		http.Error(w, "bad query param", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	start, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.URL.Query().Get("start"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "bad start param", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	end, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.URL.Query().Get("end"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "bad end param", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	type resp struct {
+		Metric        string             `json:"metric"`
+		Tags          map[string]string  `json:"tags"`
+		AggregateTags []string           `json:"aggregateTags"`
+		Dps           map[string]float64 `json:"dps"`
+	}
+	grouped := make(map[string]*resp, len(s.points))
+	for _, p := range s.points {
+		if p.Metric != metric {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !matchTags(p.Tags, tagFilter) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if p.Timestamp < start || p.Timestamp > end {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := tagsKey(p.Tags)
+		if _, exists := grouped[key]; !exists {
+			grouped[key] = &resp{
+				Metric:        p.Metric,
+				Tags:          p.Tags,
+				AggregateTags: []string{},
+				Dps:           map[string]float64{},
+			}
+		}
+		grouped[key].Dps[fmt.Sprintf("%d", p.Timestamp)] = p.Value
+	}
+	out := make([]*resp, 0, len(grouped))
+	for _, v := range grouped {
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(out)
+}
+
+// parseQuery parses the OpenTSDB m= query parameter.
+// Format: "<agg>:<bucket>-<agg>-none:<metric>{k=v,k=v}"
+func parseQuery(m string) (string, map[string]string, bool) {
+	parts := strings.SplitN(m, ":", 3)
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+	metric, tagStr, _ := strings.Cut(parts[2], "{")
+	tags := make(map[string]string, 4)
+	tagStr = strings.TrimSuffix(tagStr, "}")
+	for _, kv := range strings.Split(tagStr, ",") {
+		if k, v, ok := strings.Cut(kv, "="); ok {
+			tags[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return metric, tags, true
+}
+
+func matchTags(got, filter map[string]string) bool {
+	for k, v := range filter {
+		if v == "*" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if got[k] != v {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func tagsKey(tags map[string]string) string {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(tags))
+	for k := range tags {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		parts = append(parts, k+"="+tags[k])
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+}

apptest/tests/vmagent_remotewrite_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
 )
 
 // TestSingleVMAgentReloadConfigs verifies that vmagent reload new configurations on SIGHUP signal
@@ -512,3 +513,74 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected vmagent_daily_series_limit_rows_dropped_total value: %d", v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClusterVMAgentForwardMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	sut := tc.MustStartDefaultCluster()
+
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent", []string{
+		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+		`-remoteWrite.forcePromProto=true`,
+		`-enableMultitenantHandlers=true`,
+		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
+		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=http://%s/insert/multitenant/prometheus/api/v1/write`, sut.Vminsert.HTTPAddr()),
+	}, ``)
+
+	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet := prompb.WriteRequest{
+		Metadata: []prompb.MetricMetadata{
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_4", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary, AccountID: 100},
+		},
+	}
+	vmagent.PrometheusAPIV1Write(t, prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "multitenant"})
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			return sut.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, ``, -1, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "100:0"})
+		},
+		Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{
+				"metric_name_4": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet = prompb.WriteRequest{
+		Metadata: []prompb.MetricMetadata{
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_6", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary, AccountID: 100},
+		},
+	}
+	// enforce tenant from request uri /insert/tenant_id/prometheus/api/v1/write
+	vmagent.PrometheusAPIV1Write(t, prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "500:500"})
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			return sut.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, ``, -1, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "500:500"})
+		},
+		Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{
+				"metric_name_6": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			return sut.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, ``, -1, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "multitenant"})
+		},
+		Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{
+				"metric_name_4": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+				"metric_name_6": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+}

apptest/tests/vmctl_opentsdb_migration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
+)
+
+func TestSingleVmctlOpenTSDBProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	fs.MustRemoveDir(t.Name())
+
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	vmsingleDst := tc.MustStartDefaultVmsingle()
+	vmAddr := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/", vmsingleDst.HTTPAddr())
+
+	// Generate 60 points at 1-minute intervals starting 2 hours ago.
+	// This ensures data falls within vmctl's default query window (now - retention).
+	baseTS := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour).Truncate(time.Minute).Unix()
+	points := make([]openTSDBPoint, 0, 60)
+	for i := range 60 {
+		points = append(points, openTSDBPoint{
+			Metric:    "test.cpu",
+			Tags:      map[string]string{"host": "h1", "env": "prod"},
+			Timestamp: baseTS + int64(i*60),
+			Value:     float64(i),
+		})
+	}
+
+	otsdb := newOpenTSDBMockServer(t, points)
+	defer otsdb.close()
+
+	vmctlFlags := []string{
+		`opentsdb`,
+		`--otsdb-addr=` + otsdb.httpAddr(),
+		`--vm-addr=` + vmAddr,
+		`--otsdb-retentions=ssum-1m-avg:1d:1d`,
+		`--otsdb-filters=test`,
+		`--otsdb-normalize`,
+		`--disable-progress-bar=true`,
+		`-s`,
+	}
+
+	testOpenTSDBProtocol(tc, vmsingleDst, vmctlFlags, points, "test_cpu", baseTS)
+}
+
+func TestClusterVmctlOpenTSDBProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	fs.MustRemoveDir(t.Name())
+
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	cluster := tc.MustStartDefaultCluster()
+	vmAddr := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/", cluster.Vminsert.HTTPAddr())
+
+	// Generate 60 points at 1-minute intervals starting 2 hours ago.
+	baseTS := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour).Truncate(time.Minute).Unix()
+	points := make([]openTSDBPoint, 0, 60)
+	for i := range 60 {
+		points = append(points, openTSDBPoint{
+			Metric:    "test.mem",
+			Tags:      map[string]string{"host": "h1"},
+			Timestamp: baseTS + int64(i*60),
+			Value:     float64(i * 2),
+		})
+	}
+
+	otsdb := newOpenTSDBMockServer(t, points)
+	defer otsdb.close()
+
+	vmctlFlags := []string{
+		`opentsdb`,
+		`--otsdb-addr=` + otsdb.httpAddr(),
+		`--vm-addr=` + vmAddr,
+		`--otsdb-retentions=sum-1m-avg:1d:1d`,
+		`--otsdb-filters=test`,
+		`--otsdb-normalize`,
+		`--disable-progress-bar=true`,
+		`--vm-account-id=0`,
+		`-s`,
+	}
+
+	testOpenTSDBProtocol(tc, cluster, vmctlFlags, points, "test_mem", baseTS)
+}
+
+func testOpenTSDBProtocol(
+	tc *apptest.TestCase,
+	queries apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier,
+	vmctlFlags []string,
+	points []openTSDBPoint,
+	vmMetricName string,
+	baseTS int64,
+) {
+	t := tc.T()
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Build dynamic time range covering all data points with 1-hour padding.
+	queryStart := time.Unix(baseTS-3600, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+	queryEnd := time.Unix(baseTS+7200, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+
+	cmpOpt := cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{}, "Status", "Data.ResultType")
+
+	got := queries.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, `{__name__=~".*"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Step: "5m",
+		Time: queryStart,
+	})
+	want := apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, `{"data":{"result":[]}}`)
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	tc.MustStartVmctl("vmctl", vmctlFlags)
+	queries.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	expected := buildExpectedOpenTSDBResult(points, vmMetricName)
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Retries: 300,
+		Msg:     `unexpected metrics stored via opentsdb protocol`,
+		Got: func() any {
+			r := queries.PrometheusAPIV1Export(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=%q}`, vmMetricName), apptest.QueryOpts{
+				Start: queryStart,
+				End:   queryEnd,
+			})
+			r.Sort()
+			return r.Data.Result
+		},
+		Want: expected,
+		CmpOpts: []cmp.Option{
+			cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{}, "Status", "Data.ResultType"),
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func buildExpectedOpenTSDBResult(points []openTSDBPoint, vmMetricName string) []*apptest.QueryResult {
+	grouped := map[string]*apptest.QueryResult{}
+	for _, p := range points {
+		metric := map[string]string{"__name__": vmMetricName}
+		for k, v := range p.Tags {
+			metric[k] = v
+		}
+		key := tagsKey(metric)
+		if _, ok := grouped[key]; !ok {
+			grouped[key] = &apptest.QueryResult{Metric: metric}
+		}
+		grouped[key].Samples = append(grouped[key].Samples, &apptest.Sample{
+			Timestamp: p.Timestamp * 1000,
+			Value:     p.Value,
+		})
+	}
+	out := make([]*apptest.QueryResult, 0, len(grouped))
+	for _, v := range grouped {
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	resp := apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{
+		Data: &apptest.QueryData{Result: out},
+	}
+	resp.Sort()
+	return resp.Data.Result
+}

apptest/vmagent.go

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prommetadata"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 )
 
 // Vmagent holds the state of a vmagent app and provides vmagent-specific functions
@@ -158,6 +162,31 @@ func (app *Vmagent) ReloadRelabelConfigs(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Fatalf("relabel configs were not reloaded after SIGHUP signal; previous total: %f, current total: %f", prevTotal, currTotal)
 }
 
+// PrometheusAPIV1Write is a test helper function that inserts a
+// collection of records in Prometheus remote-write format by sending a HTTP
+// POST request to /prometheus/api/v1/write vmagent endpoint.
+func (app *Vmagent) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest, opts QueryOpts) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/prometheus/api/v1/write", app.httpListenAddr)
+	if opts.Tenant != "" {
+		url = fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	}
+	data := snappy.Encode(nil, wr.MarshalProtobuf(nil))
+	recordsCount := len(wr.Timeseries)
+	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
+		recordsCount += len(wr.Metadata)
+	}
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+	app.sendBlocking(t, recordsCount, func() {
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
+		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // HTTPAddr returns the address at which the vmagent process is listening
 // for http connections.
 func (app *Vmagent) HTTPAddr() string {
@@ -176,16 +205,22 @@ func (app *Vmagent) HTTPAddr() string {
 // If it is, then the data has been sent to vmstorage.
 //
 // Unreliable if the records are inserted concurrently.
-func (app *Vmagent) sendBlocking(t *testing.T, numRecordsToSend int, send func()) {
+func (app *Vmagent) sendBlocking(t *testing.T, _ int, send func()) {
 	t.Helper()
 
+	currRowsSentCount := app.remoteWriteRequestsTotal(t)
+
 	send()
 
 	const (
 		retries = 20
 		period  = 100 * time.Millisecond
 	)
-	wantRowsSentCount := app.remoteWriteRequestsTotal(t) + numRecordsToSend
+	// TODO: properly account wantRowsSentCount
+	// currently vmagent doesn't expose per time-series write information
+	// so we can only account number of blocks sent via remote write protocol
+	// it should be suitable for tests purpose
+	wantRowsSentCount := currRowsSentCount + 1
 	for range retries {
 		if app.remoteWriteRequestsTotal(t) >= wantRowsSentCount {
 			return

apptest/vminsert.go

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) HTTPAddr() string {
 func (app *Vminsert) InfluxWrite(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/influx/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/influx/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) GraphiteWrite(t *testing.T, records []string, _ QueryOpts)
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportCSV(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/csv", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/csv", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportCSV(t *testing.T, records []string, op
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportNative(t *testing.T, data []byte, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/native", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/native", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportNative(t *testing.T, data []byte, opts
 func (app *Vminsert) OpenTSDBAPIPut(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/opentsdb/api/put", app.openTSDBListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/opentsdb/api/put", app.openTSDBListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) OpenTSDBAPIPut(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOp
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	data := snappy.Encode(nil, wr.MarshalProtobuf(nil))
 	recordsCount := len(wr.Timeseries)
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest,
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []str
 func (app *Vminsert) ZabbixConnectorHistory(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/zabbixconnector/api/v1/history", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/zabbixconnector/api/v1/history", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {

apptest/vmselect.go

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) HTTPAddr() string {
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Export(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	exportURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/export", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	exportURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/export", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", query)
 	values.Add("format", "promapi")
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Export(t *testing.T, query string, opts Quer
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1ExportNative(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) []byte {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	exportURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/export/native", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	exportURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/export/native", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", query)
 	values.Add("format", "promapi")
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1ExportNative(t *testing.T, query string, opt
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Query(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/query", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/query", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("query", query)
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Query(t *testing.T, query string, opts Query
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/query_range", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/query_range", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("query", query)
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t *testing.T, query string, opts
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Series(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/series", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/series", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Series(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCount(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCountResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/series/count", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/series/count", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 
 	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values, opts.Headers)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Labels(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/labels", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/labels", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelsResponse(t, res)
 }
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1LabelValues(t *testing.T, labelName, matchQu
 
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/label/%s/values", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant, labelName)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/label/%s/values", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant(), labelName)
 
 	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelValuesResponse(t, res)
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t *testing.T, metric string, limit
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("metric", metric)
 	values.Add("limit", strconv.Itoa(limit))
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/metadata", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/metadata", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 
 	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, res)
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t *testing.T, metric string, limit
 func (app *Vmselect) APIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/delete/%s/prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/delete/%s/prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) MetricNamesStats(t *testing.T, limit, le, matchPattern stri
 	values.Add("limit", limit)
 	values.Add("le", le)
 	values.Add("match_pattern", matchPattern)
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/status/metric_names_stats", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/status/metric_names_stats", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 
 	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) MetricNamesStatsReset(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) {
 func (app *Vmselect) APIV1StatusTSDB(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, date string, topN string, opts QueryOpts) TSDBStatusResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/status/tsdb", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/status/tsdb", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	addNonEmpty := func(name, value string) {
 		if len(value) == 0 {
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) APIV1StatusTSDB(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, date strin
 func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteMetricsIndex(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) GraphiteMetricsIndexResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/metrics/index.json", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/metrics/index.json", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, seriesURL, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteMetricsIndex(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) Graphite
 func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteTagsTagSeries(t *testing.T, record string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/tags/tagSeries", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/tags/tagSeries", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("path", record)
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteTagsTagSeries(t *testing.T, record string, opts Que
 func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteTagsTagMultiSeries(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/tags/tagMultiSeries", app.httpListenAddr, opts.Tenant)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/tags/tagMultiSeries", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	for _, rec := range records {
 		values.Add("path", rec)

dashboards/victoriametrics-cluster.json

@@ -9093,18 +9093,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9113,6 +9115,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9120,6 +9123,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9129,6 +9133,7 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
+              "decimals": 2,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
               "min": 0,
@@ -9136,7 +9141,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9152,9 +9158,9 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
-          "id": 97,
+          "id": 227,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9169,11 +9175,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9181,15 +9188,30 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
               "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{type}}",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_metadata_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{type}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9204,11 +9226,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 10,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9217,6 +9241,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9224,6 +9249,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9241,7 +9267,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9277,7 +9304,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
           "id": 99,
           "options": {
@@ -9294,11 +9321,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9336,17 +9364,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
+          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9355,6 +9386,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9362,6 +9394,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 51
+          },
+          "id": 97,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9384,7 +9526,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9399,8 +9542,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 0,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 51
           },
           "id": 185,
           "options": {
@@ -9417,11 +9560,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9447,7 +9591,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9463,7 +9606,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9486,11 +9628,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9499,6 +9643,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9506,6 +9651,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9528,7 +9674,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9543,8 +9690,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 59
           },
           "id": 187,
           "options": {
@@ -9561,11 +9708,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9591,7 +9739,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9607,7 +9754,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9623,18 +9769,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9643,6 +9791,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9650,6 +9799,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 59
+          },
+          "id": 114,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9667,7 +9926,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "transparent"
+                    "color": "transparent",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9683,7 +9943,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
           "id": 139,
           "options": {
@@ -9699,11 +9959,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9729,18 +9990,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
+          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9749,6 +10012,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9756,6 +10020,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9765,15 +10030,14 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
-              "decimals": 0,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
-              "min": 0,
               "thresholds": {
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9781,17 +10045,30 @@
                   }
                 ]
               },
-              "unit": "short"
+              "unit": "bps"
             },
-            "overrides": []
+            "overrides": [
+              {
+                "matcher": {
+                  "id": "byRegexp",
+                  "options": "/read.*/"
+                },
+                "properties": [
+                  {
+                    "id": "custom.transform",
+                    "value": "negative-Y"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
           },
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
-          "id": 114,
+          "id": 209,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9800,14 +10077,17 @@
               ],
               "displayMode": "table",
               "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9815,16 +10095,28 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9839,11 +10131,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9852,6 +10146,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9859,6 +10154,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9874,7 +10170,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9903,7 +10200,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8409
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 208,
           "options": {
@@ -9919,11 +10216,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9946,7 +10244,6 @@
               "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcplistener_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "write to client",
               "range": true,
@@ -9961,147 +10258,19 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
-          "fieldConfig": {
-            "defaults": {
-              "color": {
-                "mode": "palette-classic"
-              },
-              "custom": {
-                "axisCenteredZero": false,
-                "axisColorMode": "text",
-                "axisLabel": "",
-                "axisPlacement": "auto",
-                "barAlignment": 0,
-                "drawStyle": "line",
-                "fillOpacity": 0,
-                "gradientMode": "none",
-                "hideFrom": {
-                  "legend": false,
-                  "tooltip": false,
-                  "viz": false
-                },
-                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-                "lineWidth": 1,
-                "pointSize": 5,
-                "scaleDistribution": {
-                  "type": "linear"
-                },
-                "showPoints": "never",
-                "spanNulls": false,
-                "stacking": {
-                  "group": "A",
-                  "mode": "none"
-                },
-                "thresholdsStyle": {
-                  "mode": "off"
-                }
-              },
-              "links": [],
-              "mappings": [],
-              "thresholds": {
-                "mode": "absolute",
-                "steps": [
-                  {
-                    "color": "green"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "color": "red",
-                    "value": 80
-                  }
-                ]
-              },
-              "unit": "bps"
-            },
-            "overrides": [
-              {
-                "matcher": {
-                  "id": "byRegexp",
-                  "options": "/read.*/"
-                },
-                "properties": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "custom.transform",
-                    "value": "negative-Y"
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            ]
-          },
-          "gridPos": {
-            "h": 8,
-            "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8409
-          },
-          "id": 209,
-          "options": {
-            "legend": {
-              "calcs": [
-                "mean",
-                "lastNotNull"
-              ],
-              "displayMode": "table",
-              "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true,
-              "sortBy": "Last *",
-              "sortDesc": true
-            },
-            "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "multi",
-              "sort": "desc"
-            }
-          },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
-          "targets": [
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "prometheus",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "A"
-            },
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "prometheus",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "B"
-            }
-          ],
-          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
-          "type": "timeseries"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "prometheus",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "description": "",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -10110,6 +10279,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -10117,6 +10287,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -10134,7 +10305,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -10150,7 +10322,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8417
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 88,
           "options": {
@@ -10167,11 +10339,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {

dashboards/vm/victoriametrics-cluster.json

@@ -9094,18 +9094,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9114,6 +9116,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9121,6 +9124,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9130,6 +9134,7 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
+              "decimals": 2,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
               "min": 0,
@@ -9137,7 +9142,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9153,9 +9159,9 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
-          "id": 97,
+          "id": 227,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9170,11 +9176,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9182,15 +9189,30 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
               "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{type}}",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_metadata_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{type}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9205,11 +9227,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 10,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9218,6 +9242,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9225,6 +9250,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9242,7 +9268,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9278,7 +9305,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
           "id": 99,
           "options": {
@@ -9295,11 +9322,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9337,17 +9365,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
+          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9356,6 +9387,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9363,6 +9395,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 51
+          },
+          "id": 97,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9385,7 +9527,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9400,8 +9543,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 0,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 51
           },
           "id": 185,
           "options": {
@@ -9418,11 +9561,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9448,7 +9592,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9464,7 +9607,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9487,11 +9629,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9500,6 +9644,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9507,6 +9652,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9529,7 +9675,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9544,8 +9691,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 59
           },
           "id": 187,
           "options": {
@@ -9562,11 +9709,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9592,7 +9740,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9608,7 +9755,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9624,18 +9770,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9644,6 +9792,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9651,6 +9800,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 59
+          },
+          "id": 114,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9668,7 +9927,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "transparent"
+                    "color": "transparent",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9684,7 +9944,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
           "id": 139,
           "options": {
@@ -9700,11 +9960,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9730,18 +9991,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
+          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9750,6 +10013,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9757,6 +10021,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9766,15 +10031,14 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
-              "decimals": 0,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
-              "min": 0,
               "thresholds": {
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9782,17 +10046,30 @@
                   }
                 ]
               },
-              "unit": "short"
+              "unit": "bps"
             },
-            "overrides": []
+            "overrides": [
+              {
+                "matcher": {
+                  "id": "byRegexp",
+                  "options": "/read.*/"
+                },
+                "properties": [
+                  {
+                    "id": "custom.transform",
+                    "value": "negative-Y"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
           },
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
-          "id": 114,
+          "id": 209,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9801,14 +10078,17 @@
               ],
               "displayMode": "table",
               "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9816,16 +10096,28 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9840,11 +10132,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9853,6 +10147,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9860,6 +10155,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9875,7 +10171,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9904,7 +10201,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8409
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 208,
           "options": {
@@ -9920,11 +10217,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9947,7 +10245,6 @@
               "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcplistener_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "write to client",
               "range": true,
@@ -9962,147 +10259,19 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
-          "fieldConfig": {
-            "defaults": {
-              "color": {
-                "mode": "palette-classic"
-              },
-              "custom": {
-                "axisCenteredZero": false,
-                "axisColorMode": "text",
-                "axisLabel": "",
-                "axisPlacement": "auto",
-                "barAlignment": 0,
-                "drawStyle": "line",
-                "fillOpacity": 0,
-                "gradientMode": "none",
-                "hideFrom": {
-                  "legend": false,
-                  "tooltip": false,
-                  "viz": false
-                },
-                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-                "lineWidth": 1,
-                "pointSize": 5,
-                "scaleDistribution": {
-                  "type": "linear"
-                },
-                "showPoints": "never",
-                "spanNulls": false,
-                "stacking": {
-                  "group": "A",
-                  "mode": "none"
-                },
-                "thresholdsStyle": {
-                  "mode": "off"
-                }
-              },
-              "links": [],
-              "mappings": [],
-              "thresholds": {
-                "mode": "absolute",
-                "steps": [
-                  {
-                    "color": "green"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "color": "red",
-                    "value": 80
-                  }
-                ]
-              },
-              "unit": "bps"
-            },
-            "overrides": [
-              {
-                "matcher": {
-                  "id": "byRegexp",
-                  "options": "/read.*/"
-                },
-                "properties": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "custom.transform",
-                    "value": "negative-Y"
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            ]
-          },
-          "gridPos": {
-            "h": 8,
-            "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8409
-          },
-          "id": 209,
-          "options": {
-            "legend": {
-              "calcs": [
-                "mean",
-                "lastNotNull"
-              ],
-              "displayMode": "table",
-              "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true,
-              "sortBy": "Last *",
-              "sortDesc": true
-            },
-            "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "multi",
-              "sort": "desc"
-            }
-          },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
-          "targets": [
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "A"
-            },
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "B"
-            }
-          ],
-          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
-          "type": "timeseries"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "description": "",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -10111,6 +10280,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -10118,6 +10288,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -10135,7 +10306,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -10151,7 +10323,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8417
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 88,
           "options": {
@@ -10168,11 +10340,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {

dashboards/vm/vmagent.json

@@ -4020,7 +4020,7 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of parsed datapoints from write or scrape requests.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows parsed from write requests and scraping. \nThere are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -4050,6 +4050,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -4066,7 +4067,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -4102,7 +4104,7 @@
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "11.5.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -4113,12 +4115,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_rows_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_metadata_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Datapoints rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -5722,7 +5736,7 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of rows ingested in vmagent via push protocols.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -5735,6 +5749,7 @@
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -5751,6 +5766,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -5767,7 +5783,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -5783,7 +5800,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 3931
+            "y": 41
           },
           "id": 131,
           "options": {
@@ -5798,11 +5815,12 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.2.6",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -5813,12 +5831,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_metadata_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata:{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Rows rate  ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {

dashboards/vmagent.json

@@ -4019,7 +4019,7 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of parsed datapoints from write or scrape requests.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows parsed from write requests and scraping. \nThere are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -4049,6 +4049,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -4065,7 +4066,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -4101,7 +4103,7 @@
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "11.5.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -4112,12 +4114,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_rows_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_metadata_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Datapoints rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -5721,7 +5735,7 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of rows ingested in vmagent via push protocols.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -5734,6 +5748,7 @@
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -5750,6 +5765,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -5766,7 +5782,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -5782,7 +5799,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 3931
+            "y": 41
           },
           "id": 131,
           "options": {
@@ -5797,11 +5814,12 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.2.6",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -5812,12 +5830,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_metadata_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata:{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Rows rate  ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {

deployment/docker/Makefile

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 DOCKER_REGISTRIES ?= docker.io quay.io
 DOCKER_NAMESPACE ?= victoriametrics
 
-ROOT_IMAGE ?= alpine:3.23.3
+ROOT_IMAGE ?= alpine:3.23.4
 ROOT_IMAGE_SCRATCH ?= scratch
-CERTS_IMAGE := alpine:3.23.3
+CERTS_IMAGE := alpine:3.23.4
 
 GO_BUILDER_IMAGE := golang:1.26.2
 

deployment/docker/README.md

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Some alerting rules thresholds are just recommendations and could require an adj
 The list of alerting rules is the following:
 * [alerts-health.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-health.yml):
   alerting rules related to all VictoriaMetrics components for tracking their "health" state;
-* [alerts.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts.yml):
+* [alerts-single-node.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-single-node.yml):
   alerting rules related to [single-server VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) installation;
 * [alerts-cluster.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-cluster.yml):
   alerting rules related to [cluster version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/);

deployment/docker/compose-vm-cluster.yml

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ services:
     ports:
       - 8880:8880
     volumes:
-      - ./rules/alerts-cluster.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts.yml
+      - ./rules/alerts-cluster.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-cluster.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-health.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-health.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmagent.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmagent.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmalert.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmalert.yml

deployment/docker/compose-vm-single.yml

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ services:
     ports:
       - 8880:8880
     volumes:
-      - ./rules/alerts.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts.yml
+      - ./rules/alerts-single-node.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-single-node.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-health.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-health.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmagent.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmagent.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmalert.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmalert.yml

deployment/docker/rules/alerts-cluster.yml

@@ -170,3 +170,57 @@ groups:
             is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up.\n
             This usually means that more vminsert or vmstorage nodes must be added to the cluster in order to increase
             the total number of vminsert -> vmstorage links."
+
+      - alert: MetadataCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh
+        expr: |
+          vm_metrics_metadata_storage_size_bytes / vm_metrics_metadata_storage_max_size_bytes > 0.95
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Metadata cache capacity on {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) is utilized for more than 95% for the last 15min"
+          description: "Metadata cache stores meta information about ingested time series - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#metrics-metadata.
+           When cache is overutilized, the oldest entries will be dropped out automatically. It may result into incomplete
+           response for /api/v1/metadata API calls. It doesn't impact regular queries or alerts. Cache size is controlled
+           via -storage.maxMetadataStorageSize cmd-line flag."
+
+      - alert: MetricNameStatsCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh
+        expr: |
+          vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} / vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} > 0.95
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Cache capacity for tracking metric names usage on {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) is utilized for more than 95% during the last 15min"
+          description: "Metric names usage cache stores information about unique metric names and how frequently they are queried - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage.
+           When cache is overutilized, it will stop tracking the new metric names. It has no other negative impact.
+           Usually, the number of unique metric names is very limited (thousands). The cache can be overutilized only if metric names
+           are changing too frequently or if the cache size is too low. There are following ways to mitigate cache overutilization:
+           - disable cache via `--storage.trackMetricNamesStats=false` flag, so metric names usage will stop tracking
+           - increase the cache size via `--storage.cacheSizeMetricNamesStats` flag
+           - reset the cache (see docs for details)"
+
+      - alert: IndexDBRecordsDrop
+        expr: increase(vm_indexdb_items_dropped_total[5m]) > 0
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "IndexDB skipped registering items during data ingestion with reason={{ $labels.reason }}."
+          description: |
+            VictoriaMetrics could skip registering new timeseries during ingestion if they fail the validation process. 
+            For example, `reason=too_long_item` means that time series cannot exceed 64KB. Please, reduce the number 
+            of labels or label values for such series. Or enforce these limits via `-maxLabelsPerTimeseries` and 
+            `-maxLabelValueLen` command-line flags.
+
+      - alert: TooManyTSIDMisses
+        expr: increase(vm_missing_tsids_for_metric_id_total[5m]) > 0
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Unexpected TSID misses for job \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes"
+          description: |
+            Unexpected TSID misses for \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes.
+            If this happens after unclean shutdown of VictoriaMetrics process (via \"kill -9\", OOM or power off),
+            then this is OK - the alert must go away in a few minutes after the restart.
+            Otherwise this may point to the corruption of index data.

deployment/docker/rules/alerts-health.yml

@@ -82,19 +82,6 @@ groups:
             Check the logs for the given target. Check also the \"location\" label at the vm_log_messages_total metric if -loggerLevel command-line flag is set to value other than INFO.
             This label contains code locations responsible for generating log messages suppressed by -loggerLevel.
 
-      - alert: TooManyTSIDMisses
-        expr: increase(vm_missing_tsids_for_metric_id_total[5m]) > 0
-        for: 15m
-        labels:
-          severity: critical
-        annotations:
-          summary: "Unexpected TSID misses for job \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes"
-          description: |
-            Unexpected TSID misses for \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes.
-            If this happens after unclean shutdown of VictoriaMetrics process (via \"kill -9\", OOM or power off),
-            then this is OK - the alert must go away in a few minutes after the restart.
-            Otherwise this may point to the corruption of index data.
-
       - alert: ConcurrentInsertsHitTheLimit
         expr: avg_over_time(vm_concurrent_insert_current[1m]) >= vm_concurrent_insert_capacity
         for: 15m
@@ -109,28 +96,6 @@ groups:
             making write attempts. If vmagent's or vminsert's CPU usage and network saturation are at normal level, then 
             it might be worth adjusting `-maxConcurrentInserts` cmd-line flag.
 
-      - alert: IndexDBRecordsDrop
-        expr: increase(vm_indexdb_items_dropped_total[5m]) > 0
-        labels:
-          severity: critical
-        annotations:
-          summary: "IndexDB skipped registering items during data ingestion with reason={{ $labels.reason }}."
-          description: | 
-            VictoriaMetrics could skip registering new timeseries during ingestion if they fail the validation process. 
-            For example, `reason=too_long_item` means that time series cannot exceed 64KB. Please, reduce the number 
-            of labels or label values for such series. Or enforce these limits via `-maxLabelsPerTimeseries` and 
-            `-maxLabelValueLen` command-line flags.
-
-      - alert: RowsRejectedOnIngestion
-        expr: rate(vm_rows_ignored_total[5m]) > 0
-        for: 15m
-        labels:
-          severity: warning
-        annotations:
-          summary: "Some rows are rejected on \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" on ingestion attempt"
-          description: "Ingested rows on instance \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" are rejected due to the
-            following reason: \"{{ $labels.reason }}\""
-
       - alert: TooHighQueryLoad
         expr: increase(vm_concurrent_select_limit_timeout_total[5m]) > 0
         for: 15m
@@ -148,3 +113,14 @@ groups:
             * increase compute resources or number of replicas;
             * adjust limits `-search.maxConcurrentRequests` and `-search.maxQueueDuration`.
             See more at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/troubleshooting/#slow-queries.
+
+      - alert: RowsRejectedOnIngestion
+        expr: rate(vm_rows_ignored_total[5m]) > 0
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Some rows are rejected on \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" on ingestion attempt"
+          description: "Ingested rows on instance \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" are rejected due to the
+            following reason: \"{{ $labels.reason }}\""
+

deployment/docker/rules/alerts-single-node.yml

@@ -148,4 +148,45 @@ groups:
           description: "Metadata cache stores meta information about ingested time series - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#metrics-metadata.
            When cache is overutilized, the oldest entries will be dropped out automatically. It may result into incomplete
            response for /api/v1/metadata API calls. It doesn't impact regular queries or alerts. Cache size is controlled
-           via -storage.maxMetadataStorageSize cmd-line flag."
+           via -storage.maxMetadataStorageSize cmd-line flag."
+
+      - alert: MetricNameStatsCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh
+        expr: |
+          vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} / vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} > 0.95
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Cache capacity for tracking metric names usage on {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) is utilized for more than 95% during the last 15min"
+          description: "Metric names usage cache stores information about unique metric names and how frequently they are queried - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage.
+           When cache is overutilized, it will stop tracking the new metric names. It has no other negative impact.
+           Usually, the number of unique metric names is very limited (thousands). The cache can be overutilized only if metric names
+           are changing too frequently or if the cache size is too low. There are following ways to mitigate cache overutilization:
+           - disable cache via `--storage.trackMetricNamesStats=false` flag, so metric names usage will stop tracking
+           - increase the cache size via `--storage.cacheSizeMetricNamesStats` flag
+           - reset the cache (see docs for details)"
+
+      - alert: IndexDBRecordsDrop
+        expr: increase(vm_indexdb_items_dropped_total[5m]) > 0
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "IndexDB skipped registering items during data ingestion with reason={{ $labels.reason }}."
+          description: |
+            VictoriaMetrics could skip registering new timeseries during ingestion if they fail the validation process. 
+            For example, `reason=too_long_item` means that time series cannot exceed 64KB. Please, reduce the number 
+            of labels or label values for such series. Or enforce these limits via `-maxLabelsPerTimeseries` and 
+            `-maxLabelValueLen` command-line flags.
+
+      - alert: TooManyTSIDMisses
+        expr: increase(vm_missing_tsids_for_metric_id_total[5m]) > 0
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Unexpected TSID misses for job \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes"
+          description: |
+            Unexpected TSID misses for \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes.
+            If this happens after unclean shutdown of VictoriaMetrics process (via \"kill -9\", OOM or power off),
+            then this is OK - the alert must go away in a few minutes after the restart.
+            Otherwise this may point to the corruption of index data.

docs/anomaly-detection/FAQ.md

@@ -48,13 +48,15 @@ Please see example graph illustrating this logic below:
 
 ## What data does vmanomaly operate on?
 
-`vmanomaly` operates on timeseries (metrics) data, and supports both **VictoriaMetrics** and **VictoriaLogs** as data sources. Choose the source depending on the use case.
+> [!NOTE]
+> `vmanomaly` operates on timeseries (metrics) data, and supports both **VictoriaMetrics** and **VictoriaLogs/VictoriaTraces** as data sources to get metrics-compatible data. Choose the source depending on the use case. Single-node / Cluster and OpenSource / Enterprise datasources are supported as well, `vmanomaly` is compatible with both, yet itself requires an [Enterprise license](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/) to run.
 
 **VictoriaMetrics (metrics):** use full [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/) for selection, sampling, and processing; [global filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#prometheus-querying-api-enhancements) are also supported. See the [VmReader](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vm-reader) for the details.
 
-**VictoriaLogs (logs → metrics):** {{% available_from "v1.26.0" anomaly %}} use [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) via the [`VLogsReader`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vlogs-reader) to create log-derived metrics for anomaly detection (e.g., error rates, request latencies). 
+**VictoriaLogs (logs → metrics):** {{% available_from "v1.26.0" anomaly %}} use [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) via the [`VLogsReader`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vlogs-reader) to create log-derived or traces-derived metrics for anomaly detection (e.g., error rates, request latencies, error spans count). 
 
-> Please note that only LogsQL queries with [stats pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe)  functions [subset](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#valid-stats-functions) are supported, as they produce **numeric** time series.
+> [!NOTE]
+> Please note that only LogsQL queries with [stats pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) functions [subset](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#valid-stats-functions) are supported, as they produce **numeric** time series.
 
 
 ## Using offsets

docs/anomaly-detection/README.md

@@ -9,14 +9,17 @@ sitemap:
 
 In today's fast-paced and complex landscape of system monitoring, [VictoriaMetrics Anomaly Detection](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/anomaly-detection/) (`vmanomaly`), a part of our [Enterprise offering](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/), serves as an **observability layer** for SREs and DevOps teams atop of collected data to **automate the detection of anomalies in time-series data**, reducing manual efforts required to identify abnormal system behavior.
 
-Unlike traditional threshold-based alerting, which relies on **raw metric values** and requires constant tuning and maintenance of thresholds and alerting rules, `vmanomaly` introduces a **unified, interpretable [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score)** - a **de-trended, de-seasonalized metric** generated through machine learning. This approach eliminates the need for frequent manual adjustments by enabling **stable, long-term static thresholds (as simple as `anomaly_score > 1`)** that remain effective over time through continuous model retraining.
+Unlike traditional threshold-based alerting, which relies on **raw metric values** and requires constant tuning and maintenance of thresholds and alerting rules, `vmanomaly` introduces a **unified, interpretable [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score)** - a **de-trended, de-seasonalized metric** generated through machine learning. This approach eliminates the need for frequent manual adjustments by enabling **stable, long-term static thresholds (as simple as `anomaly_score > 1`)** that remain effective over time through continuous model retraining and updates.
 
 By shifting to anomaly-based detection, teams can **identify and respond to potential issues faster**, enhancing system reliability and operational efficiency while significantly **reducing the engineering effort spent on handcrafting and maintaining alerting rules**.
 
 
 ## What does it do?
 
-`vmanomaly` is designed to **periodically analyze new data points** across selected metrics (either requested from [VictoriaMetrics TSDB](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/) or produced by [VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/) metrics [endpoint](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-log-range-stats)), generating a **unified metric** called [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score). 
+`vmanomaly` is designed to **periodically analyze new data points** across selected metrics - either requested from [VictoriaMetrics TSDB](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/) or produced by [VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/) or [VictoriaTraces](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriatraces/) metrics [endpoint](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-log-range-stats) - to generate a **unified metric** called [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> `vmanomaly` can use both single-node and cluster versions of VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaLogs/VictoriaTraces as a data source, and is compatible with both OpenSource and Enterprise versions of it. However, `vmanomaly` itself requires an Enterprise license to run, and is part of our [Enterprise offering](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/).
 
 Key functions:
 - **Automated anomaly detection** - continuously scans time-series data to identify deviations from expected behavior.

docs/victoriametrics/README.md

@@ -1511,6 +1511,16 @@ value than before, then data outside the configured period will be eventually de
 
 VictoriaMetrics does not support indefinite retention, but you can specify an arbitrarily high duration, e.g. `-retentionPeriod=100y`.
 
+By default, VictoriaMetrics doesn't accept samples with timestamps bigger than `now+2d`, e.g. 2 days in the future.
+If you need accepting samples with bigger timestamps, then specify the desired "future retention" via `-futureRetention` command-line flag.
+This flag accepts values starting from `2d`.
+
+For example, the following command starts VictoriaMetrics, which accepts samples with timestamps up to a year in the future:
+
+```sh
+/path/to/victoria-metrics -futureRetention=1y
+```
+
 ### Multiple retentions
 
 Distinct retentions for distinct time series can be configured via [retention filters](#retention-filters)

docs/victoriametrics/changelog/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -26,15 +26,35 @@ See also [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-rel
 
 ## tip
 
-* FEATURE: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): now `Run query` link on the Alerting Rules page correctly propagates the alert’s interval and evaluation time. See [#10366](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10366).
+## [v1.141.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.141.0)
 
+Released at 2026-04-24
+
+* SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.23.2 to 3.23.3. See [Alpine 3.23.4 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.20.10-3.21.7-3.22.4-3.23.4-released.html).
+
+* FEATURE: all VictoriaMetrics components: add support for reading cpu/memory limits configured via [systemd slices](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.slice.html). Previously, only limits set directly on the process's own cgroup were detected. See [#10635](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10635). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
+* FEATURE: [vmctl](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmctl/): improve error handling at opentsdb migration. See [#10797](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10797)
+* FEATURE: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): now `Run query` link on the Alerting Rules page correctly propagates the alert’s interval and evaluation time. See [#10366](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10366).
+* FEATURE: [alerts](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules): add new `MetricNameStatsCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh` alerting rule to track overutilization of [Metric names usage stats tracker](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage) (used in [Cardinality Explorer](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#cardinality-explorer)). See [#10840](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10840). 
+* FEATURE: [stream aggregation](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/): add `vm_streamaggr_counter_resets_total` metric for `total*`, `increase*` and `rate*` outputs that is useful for aggregation behaviour tracking. These metrics help to identify issues described in [Troubleshooting: counter resets](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/#counter-resets). See [#10807](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10807). 
+* FEATURE: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): add the support of ingestion and retrieval of samples with timestamps in the future. The new `-futureRetention` flag controls how far in the future the timestamps are allowed to be. See [#827](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/827) and [#10718](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10718).
+* FEATURE: [dashboards/vmagent](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12683), [dashboards/cluster](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11176): add metadata row ingestion rate queries to related panels. See [#10868](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10868).
+
+* BUGFIX: `vminsert` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): fix increased memory usage after upgrade to [v1.140.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.140.0) by properly accounting for internal buffer count when calculating per-storage buffer size. See [#10725](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10725#issuecomment-4282256709). Thanks to @fxrlv for the contribution.
+* BUGFIX: all VictoriaMetrics components: properly parse IPv6 source address when accepting connections with proxy protocol v2 enabled. See [#10839](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10839). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
+* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): properly attach [tenant](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#multitenancy) from `__tenant_id__` label to the scraped metadata. See [#10828](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10828).
+* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): keep [tenant](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#multitenancy) ingested into vmagent via [prometheus remotewrite](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/prometheus/) endpoint. See [#10828](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10828).
 * BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) and [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): `-maxScrapeSize` is now correctly applied when reading response bodies, including non-OK scrape error responses. See [#10804](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10804).
-* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): fix `ec2_sd_configs` returning 401 `AuthFailure` from AWS when credentials are obtained via IRSA, instance role or `AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_*` env vars. The regression was introduced in [v1.140.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.140.0). See [#10815](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10815).
+* BUGFIX: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): fix `ec2_sd_configs` returning 401 `AuthFailure` from AWS when credentials are obtained via IRSA, instance role or `AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_*` env vars. The regression was introduced in [v1.140.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.140.0). See [#10815](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10815). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
 * BUGFIX: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): fix leak of backend TCP connections, file descriptors and goroutines when the client cancels the request after the backend response has been received. See [#10833](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10833). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
+* BUGFIX: [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/): fix a rare panic during config reload when a backend is marked as broken. See [#10806](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10806).
 * BUGFIX: `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): stop logging warnings about failed handshakes when the `clusternative` port receives TCP healthchecks from load balancers. See [#10786](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10786). Thanks to @andriibeee for the contribution.
 * BUGFIX: [vmrestore](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmrestore/): fix an issue where vmrestore could hang indefinitely when interrupted during backup download. See [#10794](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10794).
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/): properly execute graceful shutdown for vmsingle if `-maxIngestionRate` is configured. See [#10795](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10795).
 * BUGFIX: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): fix time display on Alerting Rules page to use selected timezone. See [#10827](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10827).
+* BUGFIX: [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#vmui): use contrasting colors when displaying time series to improve visibility on light and dark themes. See [#10869](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10869).
+* BUGFIX: [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/): delete labels from rule results if they are specified with an empty string value in rule or group labels. See [#10766](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10766).
+* BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): fix incorrect evaluation of binary operations caused by an ordering bug (e.g. `10 - (3 + 3 + 4)` being evaluated as `10 - 3 + 3 + 4`). The issue was introduced in v1.140.0, v1.136.4, and v1.122.19. See [#10856](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10856).
 
 ## [v1.140.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.140.0)
 
@@ -42,6 +62,8 @@ Released at 2026-04-10
 
 **Update Note 1:** [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): [CSV export](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-export-csv-data) (`/api/v1/export/csv`) now adds a header row as the first line of the response, so existing CSV-processing scripts may need to skip this header. See [#10666](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10666).
 
+**Update Note 2:** [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): Due to an ordering bug in binary operations, some queries may produce incorrect results. For example, `10 - (3 + 3 + 4)` is evaluated as `10 - 3 + 3 + 4`. The issue was introduced in versions v1.140.0, v1.136.4, v1.122.19, and is addressed in upcoming releases. It is strongly recommended to avoid these versions entirely. See [#10856](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10856).
+
 * SECURITY: upgrade Go builder from Go1.26.1 to Go1.26.2. See [the list of issues addressed in Go1.26.2](https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.26.2%20label%3ACherryPickApproved).
 
 * FEATURE: [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/): add per-URL `-remoteWrite.disableMetadata` flag to disable metadata sending for specific remote storage URLs. See [#10711](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10711). Thanks to @evkuzin for the contribution.
@@ -145,8 +167,20 @@ It enables back `Discovered targets` debug UI by default.
 * BUGFIX: `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): properly apply `extra_filters[]` filter when querying `vm_account_id` or `vm_project_id` labels via [multitenant](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#multitenancy) request for `/api/v1/label/…/values` API. Before, `extra_filters` was ignored. See [#10503](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10503).
 * BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): revert the use of rollup result cache for [instant queries](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#instant-query) that contain [`rate`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/MetricsQL.html#rate) function with a lookbehind window larger than `-search.minWindowForInstantRollupOptimization`. The cache usage was removed since [v1.132.0](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.132.0). See [#10098](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10098#issuecomment-3895011084) for more details.
 
+## [v1.136.5](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.136.5)
+
+Released at 2026-04-23
+
+**v1.136.x is a line of [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-releases/). It contains important up-to-date bugfixes for [VictoriaMetrics enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/enterprise/).
+All these fixes are also included in [the latest community release](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
+The v1.136.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.136.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/#v11360) release**
+
+* BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): fix incorrect evaluation of binary operations caused by an ordering bug (e.g. `10 - (3 + 3 + 4)` being evaluated as `10 - 3 + 3 + 4`). The issue was introduced in v1.140.0, v1.136.4, and v1.122.19. See [#10856](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10856).
+
 ## [v1.136.4](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.136.4)
 
+**Update Note 1:** [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): Due to an ordering bug in binary operations, some queries may produce incorrect results. For example, `10 - (3 + 3 + 4)` is evaluated as `10 - 3 + 3 + 4`. The issue was introduced in versions v1.140.0, v1.136.4, v1.122.19, and is addressed in upcoming releases. It is strongly recommended to avoid these versions entirely. See [#10856](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10856).
+
 Released at 2026-04-10
 
 **v1.136.x is a line of [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-releases/). It contains important up-to-date bugfixes for [VictoriaMetrics enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/enterprise/).
@@ -296,9 +330,13 @@ Released at 2026-01-16
 Released at 2026-01-02
 
 **Update Note 1:** [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): Upgrading to per-partition index requires registering all active time series. Expect slow down of data ingestion and queries during upgrade roll-out. This is a one-time operation. Additionally, for users with retention periods shorter than 1 month the disk usage may increase.
+
 **Update Note 2:** [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): Certain data and query patterns may cause high CPU utilization due to [10154](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10154). See [10297](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10297).
+
 **Update Note 3:** [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): lock contention in the ingestion path may cause frequent context switches and storage connection saturation spikes. See [10367](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10367). Addressed in `v1.135.0`.
+
 **Update Note 4:** [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): TSDB status may be empty if the partition index does not have records for the requested date. See [10315](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10315). Addressed in `v1.135.0`.
+
 **Update Note 5:** [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmstorage` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): `indexdb/tagFiltersToMetricIDs`, `indexdb/metricID` and `indexdb/date_metricID` cache metrics are not reported properly. See [10275](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10275). Addressed in `v1.135.0`.
 
 * SECURITY: upgrade base docker image (Alpine) from 3.22.2 to 3.23.2. See [Alpine 3.23.2 release notes](https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.23.2-released.html).
@@ -365,8 +403,20 @@ See changes [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/ch
 
 See changes [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/changelog_2025/#v11230)
 
+## [v1.122.20](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.122.20)
+
+Released at 2026-04-23
+
+**v1.122.x is a line of [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-releases/). It contains important up-to-date bugfixes for [VictoriaMetrics enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/enterprise/).
+All these fixes are also included in [the latest community release](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
+The v1.122.x line will be supported for at least 12 months since [v1.122.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/#v11220) release**
+
+* BUGFIX: [vmsingle](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) and `vmselect` in [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/): fix incorrect evaluation of binary operations caused by an ordering bug (e.g. `10 - (3 + 3 + 4)` being evaluated as `10 - 3 + 3 + 4`). The issue was introduced in v1.140.0, v1.136.4, and v1.122.19. See [#10856](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10856).
+
 ## [v1.122.19](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/tag/v1.122.19)
 
+**Update Note 1:** [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/): Due to an ordering bug in binary operations, some queries may produce incorrect results. For example, `10 - (3 + 3 + 4)` is evaluated as `10 - 3 + 3 + 4`. The issue was introduced in versions v1.140.0, v1.136.4, v1.122.19, and is addressed in upcoming releases. It is strongly recommended to avoid these versions entirely. See [#10856](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10856).
+
 Released at 2026-04-10
 
 **v1.122.x is a line of [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-releases/). It contains important up-to-date bugfixes for [VictoriaMetrics enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/enterprise/).
@@ -1516,4 +1566,4 @@ See changes [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/ch
 
 ## Previous releases
 
-See [releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases).
+See [releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases).

docs/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/README.md

@@ -9,13 +9,29 @@ sitemap:
 [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) and [single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/)
 can aggregate incoming [samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) in streaming mode **by time** and **by labels** before data is written to remote storage
 (or local storage for single-node VictoriaMetrics).
-The aggregation is applied to all the metrics received via any [supported data ingestion protocol](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-time-series-data)
-and/or scraped from [Prometheus-compatible targets](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-scrape-prometheus-exporters-such-as-node-exporter),
-and allows building [flexible processing pipelines](#routing).
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    A["requests_total{instance=foo}"] --> V[vmagent]
+    B["requests_total{instance=bar}"] --> V
+    C["requests_total{instance=baz}"] --> V
+    V --> D[requests_total:rate5m]
+```
 
-> By default, stream aggregation ignores timestamps associated with the input [samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples). It expects that the ingested samples have timestamps close to the current time. See [how to ignore old samples](#ignoring-old-samples).
+# Features
 
-> If `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` is enabled, out-of-order samples (older than already received) within the configured interval are treated as duplicates and ignored. See  [de-duplication](#deduplication).
+Stream aggregation has the following features:
+
+- It can calculate [aggregates](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs) on ingested samples before they're sent to remote destination;
+- It is applied to all the metric samples received via any [supported data ingestion protocol](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-import-time-series-data)
+  and/or scraped from [Prometheus-compatible targets](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#how-to-scrape-prometheus-exporters-such-as-node-exporter)
+- It can filter out raw samples matched by aggregation rules, so raw data will never reach the remote destination. See `--streamAggr.keepInput` and `-streamAggr.dropInput` in [aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/);
+- It allows building [flexible processing pipelines](#routing);
+
+# Limitations
+
+- Stream aggregation **ignores timestamps associated with the input [samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples)**. 
+  It expects that the ingested samples have timestamps close to the current time. See [how to ignore old samples](#ignoring-old-samples).
+- Aggregation state is held in the process memory and will be lost on process restart. 
 
 # Use cases
 
@@ -41,35 +57,41 @@ and not available for [Statsd metrics format](https://github.com/statsd/statsd/b
 
 ## Recording rules alternative
 
-Sometimes [alerting queries](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#alerting-rules) may require non-trivial amounts of CPU, RAM,
-disk IO and network bandwidth at metrics storage side. For example, if `http_request_duration_seconds` histogram is generated by thousands
-of application instances, then the alerting query `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(increase(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) without (instance)) > 0.5`
-can become slow, since it needs to scan too big number of unique [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series)
-with `http_request_duration_seconds_bucket` name. This alerting query can be accelerated by pre-calculating
-the `sum(increase(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) without (instance)` via [recording rule](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#recording-rules).
-But this recording rule may take too much time to execute too. In this case the slow recording rule can be substituted
-with the following [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config):
+Sometimes [rules](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#rules) may require non-trivial amounts of CPU, RAM,
+disk IO and network bandwidth for processing on the metrics storage side. 
+
+For example, if the `http_request_duration_seconds` histogram is generated by thousands of application instances, 
+then the alerting query `histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[2m])) without (instance)) > 0.5`
+can become slow, since it needs to scan a large number of unique [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series).
+
+This alerting query can be accelerated by pre-calculating
+the `sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) without (instance)` via [recording rule](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#recording-rules).
+But it only shifts slowness from the alerting rule to the recording rule, since calculation still has to happen somewhere. 
+It is better to substitute the slow recording rule with the following [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config):
 
 ```yaml
 - match: 'http_request_duration_seconds_bucket'
-  interval: 5m
+  interval: 1m
   without: [instance]
-  outputs: [total]
+  outputs: [rate_sum]
 ```
 
-This stream aggregation generates `http_request_duration_seconds_bucket:5m_without_instance_total` output series according to [output metric naming](#output-metric-names).
+> Field `interval` should be set to a value at least several times higher than the matched metrics collection interval. 
+
+This stream aggregation generates `http_request_duration_seconds_bucket:1m_without_instance_rate_sum` output series according to [output metric naming](#output-metric-names).
 Then these series can be used in [alerting rules](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#alerting-rules):
 
 ```metricsql
-histogram_quantile(0.99, last_over_time(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket:5m_without_instance_total[5m])) > 0.5
+histogram_quantile(0.99, avg_over_time(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket:1m_without_instance_rate_sum[5m])) > 0.5
 ```
 
-This query is executed much faster than the original query, because it needs to scan much lower number of time series.
+This query executes much faster than the original one because it needs to scan fewer time series.
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
-See also [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels).
+> `avg_over_time(<aggregate:1m>[5m])` is similar to recording rules calculating rate over a sliding window of `5m` with `1m` interval.
+  If the sliding window isn't important, then simply omit the `avg_over_time` aggregation in the expression. 
 
-Field `interval` is recommended to be set to a value at least several times higher than your metrics collect interval.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
+See also [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels), [aggregating histograms](#aggregating-histograms).
 
 ## Reducing the number of stored samples
 
@@ -89,7 +111,7 @@ to one sample per 5 minutes per each input time series (this operation is also k
   interval: 5m
   outputs: [total]
 
-  # Downsample other metrics with `count_samples`, `sum_samples`, `min` and `max` outputs
+  # Downsample other metrics with `count_samples`, `sum_samples`, `min`, and `max` outputs
   # See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs
 - match: '{__name__!~".+_total"}'
   interval: 5m
@@ -109,14 +131,14 @@ some_metric:5m_min
 some_metric:5m_max
 ```
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [aggregating histograms](#aggregating-histograms) and [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels).
 
 ## Reducing the number of stored series
 
 Sometimes applications may generate too many [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series).
-For example, the `http_requests_total` metric may have `path` or `user` label with too big number of unique values.
-In this case the following stream aggregation can be used for reducing the number metrics stored in VictoriaMetrics:
+For example, the `http_requests_total` metric may have `path` or `user` label with too many unique values.
+In this case, the following stream aggregation can be used for reducing the number of metrics stored in VictoriaMetrics:
 
 ```yaml
 - match: 'http_requests_total'
@@ -134,17 +156,17 @@ The aggregated output metric has the following name according to [output metric
 http_requests_total:30s_without_path_user_total
 ```
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [aggregating histograms](#aggregating-histograms).
 
 ## Counting input samples
 
 If the monitored application generates event-based metrics, then it may be useful to count the number of such metrics
-at stream aggregation level.
+at the stream aggregation level.
 
 For example, if an advertising server generates `hits{some="labels"} 1` and `clicks{some="labels"} 1` metrics
 per each incoming hit and click, then the following [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config)
-can be used for counting these metrics per every 30 second interval:
+can be used for counting these metrics every 30-second interval:
 
 ```yaml
 - match: '{__name__=~"hits|clicks"}'
@@ -160,7 +182,7 @@ hits:30s_count_samples count1
 clicks:30s_count_samples count2
 ```
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels).
 
 ## Summing input metrics
@@ -186,12 +208,12 @@ hits:1m_sum_samples sum1
 clicks:1m_sum_samples sum2
 ```
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels).
 
 ## Quantiles over input metrics
 
-If the monitored application generates measurement metrics per each request, then it may be useful to calculate
+If the monitored application generates measurement metrics for each request, then it may be useful to calculate
 the pre-defined set of [percentiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile) over these measurements.
 
 For example, if the monitored application generates `request_duration_seconds N` and `response_size_bytes M` metrics
@@ -216,12 +238,12 @@ response_size_bytes:30s_quantiles{quantile="0.50"} value1
 response_size_bytes:30s_quantiles{quantile="0.99"} value2
 ```
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [histograms over input metrics](#histograms-over-input-metrics) and [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels).
 
 ## Histograms over input metrics
 
-If the monitored application generates measurement metrics per each request, then it may be useful to calculate
+If the monitored application generates measurement metrics for each request, then it may be useful to calculate
 a [histogram](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#histogram) over these metrics.
 
 For example, if the monitored application generates `request_duration_seconds N` and `response_size_bytes M` metrics
@@ -267,7 +289,7 @@ The resulting histogram buckets can be queried with [MetricsQL](https://docs.vic
    histogram_stddev(sum(increase(request_duration_seconds:60s_histogram_bucket[1h])) by (vmrange))
    ```
 
-   This query uses [histogram_stddev](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/#histogram_stddev) function.
+   This query uses the [histogram_stddev](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/#histogram_stddev) function.
 
 1. An estimated share of requests with the duration smaller than `0.5s` over the last hour:
 
@@ -277,7 +299,7 @@ The resulting histogram buckets can be queried with [MetricsQL](https://docs.vic
 
    This query uses [histogram_share](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/#histogram_share) function.
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [quantiles over input metrics](#quantiles-over-input-metrics) and [aggregating by labels](#aggregating-by-labels).
 
 ## Aggregating histograms
@@ -317,19 +339,24 @@ Please note, histograms can be aggregated if their `le` labels are configured id
 [VictoriaMetrics histogram buckets](https://valyala.medium.com/improving-histogram-usability-for-prometheus-and-grafana-bc7e5df0e350)
 have no such requirement.
 
-It's recommended to use [aggregation windows](#aggregation-windows) when aggregating histograms if you observe [accuracy issues](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4580).
+Stream aggregation of histogram buckets is very sensitive to sample delays. Histogram is logical group of independent time series (buckets) that are supposed to be updated uniformly.
+Aggregation can't guarantee that within one aggregation intervals all samples belonging to one histogram were updated. Situations like this can cause [accuracy issues](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4580).
+The recommended ways for improving accuracy are: 
+- enable [aggregation windows](#aggregation-windows);
+- increase `interval` ;
+- ensure that vmagent has no resource shortage;
+- ensure that samples delivery pipeline has no resource shortage or queue accumulation, so it can deliver samples fast.
 
-See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at `output` field.
+See [the list of aggregate output](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs), which can be specified at the `output` field.
 See also [histograms over input metrics](#histograms-over-input-metrics) and [quantiles over input metrics](#quantiles-over-input-metrics).
 
-
 # Routing
 
 [Single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) supports relabeling,
 deduplication and stream aggregation for all the received data, scraped or pushed.
-The processed data is then stored in local storage and **can't be forwarded further**.
+The processed data is then stored in local storage, and **can't be forwarded further**.
 
-[vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) supports relabeling, deduplication and stream aggregation for all
+[vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) supports relabeling, deduplication, and stream aggregation for all
 the received data, scraped or pushed. See the [processing order for vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#life-of-a-sample).
 
 Typical scenarios for data routing with `vmagent`:
@@ -342,42 +369,44 @@ Typical scenarios for data routing with `vmagent`:
 
 # Deduplication
 
-[vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) supports online [de-duplication](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#deduplication) of samples
-before sending them to the configured `-remoteWrite.url`. The de-duplication can be enabled via the following options:
+If `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` is enabled, out-of-order samples (older than already received) within the configured interval are treated as duplicates and ignored. See [deduplication](#deduplication).
 
-- By specifying the desired de-duplication interval via `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag for all received data
+[vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/) supports [deduplication](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#deduplication) of samples
+before sending them to the configured `-remoteWrite.url`. The deduplication can be enabled via the following options:
+
+- By specifying the desired deduplication interval via `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag for all received data
   or via `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag for the particular `-remoteWrite.url` destination.
   For example, `./vmagent -remoteWrite.url=http://remote-storage/api/v1/write -remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval=30s` instructs `vmagent` to leave
-  only the last sample per each seen [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series) per every 30 seconds.
+  only the last sample for each seen [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series) every 30 seconds.
   The de-deduplication is performed after applying [relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/relabeling/) and
   before performing the aggregation.
 
-- By specifying `dedup_interval` option individually per each [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config)
+- By specifying the `dedup_interval` option individually per each [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config)
   in `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.config` or `-streamAggr.config` configs.
 
 [Single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) supports two types of de-duplication:
-- After storing the duplicate samples to local storage. See [`-dedup.minScrapeInterval`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#deduplication) command-line option.
-- Before storing the duplicate samples to local storage. This type of de-duplication can be enabled via the following options:
-  - By specifying the desired de-duplication interval via `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag.
-    For example, `./victoria-metrics -streamAggr.dedupInterval=30s` instructs VictoriaMetrics to leave only the last sample per each
+- After storing the duplicate samples in local storage. See [`-dedup.minScrapeInterval`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#deduplication) command-line option.
+- Before storing the duplicate samples in local storage. This type of deduplication can be enabled via the following options:
+  - By specifying the desired deduplication interval via the `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` command-line flag.
+    For example, `./victoria-metrics -streamAggr.dedupInterval=30s` instructs VictoriaMetrics to leave only the last sample for each
     seen [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series) per every 30 seconds.
-    The de-duplication is performed after applying `-relabelConfig` [relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#relabeling).
+    The deduplication is performed after applying `-relabelConfig` [relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#relabeling).
 
   - By specifying `dedup_interval` option individually per each [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config) at `-streamAggr.config`.
 
-It is possible to drop the given labels before applying the de-duplication. See [these docs](#dropping-unneeded-labels).
+It is possible to drop the given labels before applying the deduplication. See [these docs](#dropping-unneeded-labels).
 
-The online de-duplication uses the same logic as [`-dedup.minScrapeInterval` command-line flag](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#deduplication) at VictoriaMetrics.
+The online deduplication uses the same logic as [`-dedup.minScrapeInterval` command-line flag](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#deduplication) at VictoriaMetrics.
 
-De-duplication is applied before stream aggregation rules and can drop samples before they get matched for aggregation.
+Deduplication is applied before stream aggregation rules and can drop samples before they get matched for aggregation.
 
 # Relabeling
 
 It is possible to apply [arbitrary relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/relabeling/) to input and output metrics
 during stream aggregation via `input_relabel_configs` and `output_relabel_configs` options in [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
 
-Relabeling rules inside `input_relabel_configs` are applied to samples matching the `match` filters before optional [deduplication](#deduplication).
-Relabeling rules inside `output_relabel_configs` are applied to aggregated samples before sending them to the remote storage.
+Relabeling rules inside `input_relabel_configs` are applied to samples matching the `match` filters before optional [deduplication](# deduplication).
+Relabeling rules in `output_relabel_configs` are applied to aggregated samples before they are sent to the remote storage.
 
 For example, the following config removes the `:1m_sum_samples` suffix added [to the output metric name](#output-metric-names):
 
@@ -444,12 +473,12 @@ For example:
 - if `interval: 1m` is set, then the aggregated data is flushed to the storage at the end of every minute
 - if `interval: 1h` is set, then the aggregated data is flushed to the storage at the end of every hour
 
-If you do not need such an alignment, then set `no_align_flush_to_interval: true` option in the [aggregate config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
-In this case aggregated data flushes will be aligned to the `vmagent` start time or to [config reload](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#configuration-update) time.
+If you do not need such an alignment, then set the `no_align_flush_to_interval: true` option in the [aggregate config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
+In this case, aggregated data flushes will be aligned to the `vmagent` start time or to [config reload](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#configuration-update) time.
 
-The aggregated data on the first and the last interval is dropped during `vmagent` start, restart or [config reload](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#configuration-update),
-since the first and the last aggregation intervals are incomplete, so they usually contain incomplete confusing data.
-If you need preserving the aggregated data on these intervals, then set `flush_on_shutdown: true` option in the [aggregate config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
+The aggregated data on the first and the last interval is dropped during `vmagent` start, restart, or [config reload](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#configuration-update),
+since the first and last aggregation intervals are incomplete, they usually contain incomplete, confusing data.
+If you need to preserve the aggregated data on these intervals, then set `flush_on_shutdown: true` option in the [aggregate config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
 
 See also:
 
@@ -480,7 +509,7 @@ The `keep_metric_names` option can be used if only a single output is set in [`o
 
 ## Aggregating by labels
 
-All the labels for the input metrics are preserved by default in the output metrics. For example,
+By default, all labels from the input metrics are preserved in the output metrics. For example,
 the input metric `foo{app="bar",instance="host1"}` results to the output metric `foo:1m_sum_samples{app="bar",instance="host1"}`
 when the following [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config) is used:
 
@@ -489,7 +518,7 @@ when the following [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/
   outputs: [sum_samples]
 ```
 
-The input labels can be removed via `without` list specified in the config. For example, the following config
+The input labels can be removed via a `without` list specified in the config. For example, the following config
 removes the `instance` label from output metrics by summing input samples across all the instances:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -501,7 +530,7 @@ removes the `instance` label from output metrics by summing input samples across
 In this case the `foo{app="bar",instance="..."}` input metrics are transformed into `foo:1m_without_instance_sum_samples{app="bar"}`
 output metric according to [output metric naming](#output-metric-names).
 
-It is possible specifying the exact list of labels in the output metrics via `by` list.
+It is possible to specify the exact list of labels in the output metrics via the `by` list.
 For example, the following config sums input samples by the `app` label:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -513,7 +542,7 @@ For example, the following config sums input samples by the `app` label:
 In this case the `foo{app="bar",instance="..."}` input metrics are transformed into `foo:1m_by_app_sum_samples{app="bar"}`
 output metric according to [output metric naming](#output-metric-names).
 
-The labels used in `by` and `without` lists can be modified via `input_relabel_configs` section - see [these docs](#relabeling).
+The labels used in `by` and `without` lists can be modified via the `input_relabel_configs` section - see [these docs](#relabeling).
 
 See also [aggregation outputs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#aggregation-outputs).
 
@@ -571,6 +600,7 @@ Below is an example of an `aggr.yaml` configuration that drops the `replica` and
 # Troubleshooting
 
 - [Unexpected spikes for `total` or `increase` outputs](#staleness).
+- [Excessively large values for `total*`, `increase*`, and `rate*` outputs](#counter-resets).
 - [Lower than expected values for `total_prometheus` and `increase_prometheus` outputs](#staleness).
 - [High memory usage and CPU usage](#high-resource-usage).
 - [Unexpected results in vmagent cluster mode](#cluster-mode).
@@ -578,29 +608,33 @@ Below is an example of an `aggr.yaml` configuration that drops the `replica` and
 
 ## Aggregation windows
 
-By default, stream aggregation and deduplication stores a single state per each aggregation output result.
+By default, stream aggregation and deduplication store a single state for each aggregation output result.
 The data for each aggregator is flushed independently once per aggregation interval. But there's no guarantee that
 incoming samples with timestamps close to the aggregation interval's end will get into it. For example, when aggregating
-with `interval: 1m` a data sample with timestamp 1739473078 (18:57:59) can fall into aggregation round `18:58:00` or `18:59:00`.
-It depends on network lag, load, clock synchronization, etc. In most scenarios it doesn't impact aggregation or
-deduplication results, which are consistent within margin of error. But for metrics represented as a collection of series,
+with `interval: 1m`, a data sample with timestamp 1739473078 (18:57:59) can fall into the aggregation round `18:58:00` or `18:59:00`.
+It depends on network lag, load, clock synchronization, etc. In most scenarios, it doesn't impact aggregation or
+deduplication results, which are consistent within the margin of error. But for metrics represented as a collection of series,
 like [histograms](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#histogram), such inaccuracy leads to invalid aggregation results.
 
-For this case, streaming aggregation and deduplication support mode with aggregation windows for current and previous state.
-With this mode, flush doesn't happen immediately but is shifted by a calculated samples lag that improves correctness for delayed data. {{% available_from "v1.112.0" %}}
+For this case, streaming aggregation and deduplication support mode with aggregation windows for the current and previous state.
+With this mode, flush doesn't happen immediately but is shifted by a calculated sample lag that improves correctness for delayed data. {{% available_from "v1.112.0" %}}
 
-Enabling of this mode has increased resource usage: memory usage is expected to double as aggregation will store two states
-instead of one. However, this significantly improves accuracy of calculations. Aggregation windows can be enabled via
+Enabling this mode has increased resource usage: memory usage is expected to double as aggregation will store two states
+instead of one. However, this significantly improves the accuracy of calculations. Aggregation windows can be enabled via
 the following settings:
 
 - `-streamAggr.enableWindows` at [single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/)
   and [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/). At [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/)
-  `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.enableWindows` flag can be specified individually per each `-remoteWrite.url`.
-  If one of these flags is set, then all aggregators will be using fixed windows. In conjunction with `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval` or
-  `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` fixed aggregation windows are enabled on deduplicator as well.
+  `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.enableWindows` flag can be specified individually for each `-remoteWrite.url`.
+  If one of these flags is set, all aggregators will use fixed windows. In conjunction with `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedupInterval` or
+  `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` fixed aggregation windows are enabled on the deduplicator as well.
  - `enable_windows` option in [aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/#stream-aggregation-config).
   It allows enabling aggregation windows for a specific aggregator.
 
+## Counter resets
+
+If counter-specific outputs, such as `total*`, `rate*`, and `increase*`, produce values that are significantly higher than anticipated, then check the `vm_streamaggr_counter_resets_total` metric. This metric increments each time when [counter reset event](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#counter) happens and could be caused by duplication or collision of raw samples. If you observe duplication or collision, try solving this problem by either fixing the source of these metrics or by [deduplicating](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/#deduplication) these samples before aggregation.
+
 ## Staleness
 
 The following outputs track the last seen per-series values in order to properly calculate output values:
@@ -613,7 +647,7 @@ The following outputs track the last seen per-series values in order to properly
 - [total](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#total)
 - [total_prometheus](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#total_prometheus)
 
-The last seen per-series value is dropped if no new samples are received for the given time series during two consecutive aggregation
+The last seen per-series value is dropped if no new samples are received for the given time series during two consecutive aggregations
 intervals specified in [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config) via `interval` option.
 If a new sample for the existing time series is received after that, then it is treated as the first sample for a new time series.
 This may lead to the following issues:
@@ -627,16 +661,16 @@ These issues can be fixed in the following ways:
 - By increasing the `interval` option at [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config), so it covers the expected
   delays in data ingestion pipelines.
 - By specifying the `staleness_interval` option at [stream aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config), so it covers the expected
-  delays in data ingestion pipelines. By default, the `staleness_interval` equals to `2 x interval`.
+  delays in data ingestion pipelines. By default, the `staleness_interval` is equal to `2 x interval`.
 
 ## High resource usage
 
-The following solutions can help reducing memory usage and CPU usage during streaming aggregation:
+The following solutions can help reduce memory usage and CPU usage during streaming aggregation:
 
 - To use more specific `match` filters at [streaming aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config), so only the really needed
   [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) are aggregated.
-- To increase aggregation interval by specifying bigger duration for the `interval` option at [streaming aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
-- To generate lower number of output time series by using less specific [`by` list](#aggregating-by-labels) or more specific [`without` list](#aggregating-by-labels).
+- To increase the aggregation interval by specifying a bigger duration for the `interval` option at [streaming aggregation config](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/configuration/#stream-aggregation-config).
+- To generate a lower number of output time series by using less specific [`by` list](#aggregating-by-labels) or more specific [`without` list](#aggregating-by-labels).
 - To drop unneeded long labels in input samples via [input_relabel_configs](#relabeling).
 
 ## Cluster mode
@@ -649,32 +683,32 @@ For example, if more than one `vmagent` instance calculates [increase](https://d
 with `by: [path]` option, then all the `vmagent` instances will aggregate samples to the same set of time series with different `path` labels.
 The proper fix would be [adding a unique label](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#adding-labels-to-metrics) for all the output samples
 produced by each `vmagent`, so they are aggregated into distinct sets of [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#time-series).
-These time series then can be aggregated later as needed during querying.
+These time series can then be aggregated later as needed during querying.
 
-If `vmagent` instances run in Docker or Kubernetes, then you can refer `POD_NAME` or `HOSTNAME` environment variables
+If `vmagent` instances run in Docker or Kubernetes, then you can refer to `POD_NAME` or `HOSTNAME` environment variables
 as a unique label value per each `vmagent` via `-remoteWrite.label=vmagent=%{HOSTNAME}` command-line flag.
-See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#environment-variables) on how to refer environment variables in VictoriaMetrics components.
+See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#environment-variables) on how to refer to environment variables in VictoriaMetrics components.
 
 ## Common mistakes
 
 ### Put aggregator behind load balancer
 
-When configuring the aggregation rule, make sure that `vmagent` receives all the required data to satisfy the `match` rule.
-If traffic to the vmagent goes through the load balancer, it could happen that vmagent will be receiving only fraction of the data
+When configuring the aggregation rule, ensure that `vmagent` receives all required data to satisfy the `match` rule.
+If traffic to the vmagent goes through the load balancer, it could happen that vmagent will be receiving only a fraction of the data
 and produce incomplete aggregations.
 
-To keep aggregation results consistent, make sure that vmagent receives all the required data for aggregation. In case if you need to
+To keep aggregation results consistent, ensure that vmagent receives all required data for aggregation. In case you need to
 split the load across multiple vmagents, try sharding the traffic among them via metric names or labels.
 For example, see how vmagent could consistently [shard data across remote write destinations](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#sharding-among-remote-storages)
 via `-remoteWrite.shardByURL.labels` or `-remoteWrite.shardByURL.ignoreLabels` cmd-line flags.
 
 ### Create aggregator per each recording rule
 
-Stream aggregation can be used as alternative for [recording rules](#recording-rules-alternative).
-But creating an aggregation rule per each recording rule can lead to elevated resource usage on the vmagent,
+Stream aggregation can be used as an alternative for [recording rules](#recording-rules-alternative).
+But creating an aggregation rule for each recording rule can lead to elevated resource usage on the vmagent,
 because the ingestion stream should be matched against every configured aggregation rule.
 
-To optimize this, we recommend merging together aggregations which only differ in match expressions.
+To optimize this, we recommend merging together aggregations that only differ in match expressions.
 For example, let's see the following list of recording rules:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -704,7 +738,7 @@ These rules can be effectively converted into a single aggregation rule:
       replacement: "instance:$1:rate:sum"
 ```
 
-**Note**: having separate aggregator for a certain `match` expression can only be justified when aggregator cannot keep up with all
+**Note**: having a separate aggregator for a certain `match` expression can only be justified when the aggregator cannot keep up with all
 the data pushed to an aggregator within an aggregation interval.
 
 ### Use identical --remoteWrite.streamAggr.config for all remote writes
@@ -716,9 +750,9 @@ across multiple `-remoteWrite.url`.
 
 ### Use aggregated metrics like original ones
 
-Stream aggregation allows keeping original metric names after aggregation by using `keep_metric_names` setting.
-But the "meaning" of aggregated metrics is usually different to original ones after the aggregation.
-Make sure that you updated queries in your alerting rules and dashboards accordingly if you used `keep_metric_names` setting.
+Stream aggregation allows keeping original metric names after aggregation by using the `keep_metric_names` setting.
+But the "meaning" of aggregated metrics is usually different from that of the original metrics.
+Make sure that you update queries in your alerting rules and dashboards accordingly if you used the `keep_metric_names` setting.
 
 ### Use different deduplication intervals on storage and vmagent
 
@@ -729,7 +763,7 @@ To avoid this, set `-streamAggr.dedupInterval` or `-remoteWrite.streamAggr.dedup
 
 ---
 
-Section below contains backward-compatible anchors for links that were moved or renamed.
+The section below contains backward-compatible anchors for links that were moved or renamed.
 
 ###### Configuration
 

docs/victoriametrics/vmagent.md

@@ -501,9 +501,24 @@ scrape_configs:
     target_label: vm_account_id
 ```
 
+In addition, vmagent could obtain tenant identifier from `__tenant_id__` label at target discovery phase.
+It implicitly converts `__tenant_id__` label into `vm_account_id` and `vm_project_id` labels and attaches
+it to the scraped metrics and metrics metadata.
+For example, the following relabeling rule instructs sending metrics to `10:5` [tenant](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#multitenancy)
+defined in the `prometheus.io/tenant_id: 10:5` annotation of Kubernetes pod deployment:
+
+```yaml
+scrape_configs:
+- kubernetes_sd_configs:
+  - role: pod
+  relabel_configs:
+  - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_tenant_id]
+    target_label: __tenant_id__
+```
+
 `vmagent` can accept data via the same multitenant endpoints (`/insert/<accountID>/<suffix>`) as `vminsert` at [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/)
 does according to [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#url-format) if `-enableMultitenantHandlers` command-line flag is set.
-In this case, vmagent automatically converts tenant identifiers from the URL to `vm_account_id` and `vm_project_id` labels.
+In this case, vmagent automatically converts tenant identifiers from the URL to `vm_account_id` and `vm_project_id` labels and sets tenant info in metadata.
 These tenant labels are added before applying [relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/relabeling/) specified via `-remoteWrite.relabelConfig`
 and `-remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig` command-line flags. Metrics with `vm_account_id` and `vm_project_id` labels can be routed to the corresponding tenants
 when specifying `-remoteWrite.url` to [multitenant url at VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#multitenancy-via-labels).
@@ -665,10 +680,14 @@ e.g. it sets `scrape_series_added` metric to zero. See [these docs](#automatical
 `vmagent` accepts{{% available_from "v1.137.0" %}} metric metadata exposed by scrape targets in [Prometheus exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/main/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md), received via [Prometheus remote write v1](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/prw/remote_write_spec/) or [OpenTelemetry protocol](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/v1.7.0/opentelemetry/proto/metrics/v1/metrics.proto) by default. Set `-enableMetadata=false` to disable metadata processing{{% available_from "v1.125.1" %}}.
 During processing, metadata won't be dropped or modified by [relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/relabeling/) or [streaming aggregation](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/stream-aggregation/).
 
-When `-enableMultitenantHandlers` is enabled, vmagent adds tenant info to metadata received via the [multitenant endpoints](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#multitenancy) (`/insert/<accountID>/<suffix>`). However, if `vm_account_id` or `vm_project_id` labels are added directly to metrics before reaching vmagent, and vmagent writes to the [vminsert multitenant endpoints](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/#multitenancy-via-labels), the tenant info won't be attached and the metadata will be stored under the default tenant of VictoriaMetrics cluster.
+When `-enableMultitenantHandlers` is enabled, vmagent adds tenant info to metadata specified in [multitenant endpoint](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#multitenancy) (`/insert/<accountID>/<suffix>`).
+However, if the `/insert/multitenant/<suffix>` endpoint is used, vmagent preserves the tenant information provided in the metadata by the sender. If the sender does not specify tenant information, the default tenant `0:0` is used.
 
 > Metadata requires extra memory, disk space, and network traffic.
 
+Use `-remoteWrite.disableMetadata`{{% available_from "v1.140.0" %}} to fully disable sending metadata from vmagent.
+This reduces network traffic and resource usage when metadata is not required.
+
 ## Stream parsing mode
 
 By default, `vmagent` parses the full response from the scrape target, applies [relabeling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/relabeling/)

docs/victoriametrics/vmalert.md

@@ -284,9 +284,12 @@ expr: <string>
 # Available starting from https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/#v1860
 [ update_entries_limit: <integer> | default 0 ]
 
-# Labels to add or overwrite for each alert.
+# Labels to add or overwrite labels from other external label sources, such as group labels, for each alert.
 # Labels are merged with labels received from `expr` evaluation and uniquely identify each generated alert.
+#
 # In case of conflicts, original labels are kept with prefix `exported_`.
+# As a special case, specifying a label with an empty string value removes the label from the result if it exists 
+# in the original query result; otherwise, it is ignored.
 #
 # Labels only support limited templating variables in https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#templating,
 # including `$labels`, `$value` and `$expr`, to avoid breaking alert states or causing cardinality issue with results.
@@ -416,8 +419,11 @@ record: <string>
 # must contain valid Graphite expression.
 expr: <string>
 
-# Labels to add or overwrite before storing the result.
+# Labels to add or overwrite labels from other external label sources, such as group labels, before storing the result.
+#
 # In case of conflicts, original labels are kept with prefix `exported_`.
+# As a special case, specifying a label with an empty string value removes the label from the result if it exists 
+# in the original query result; otherwise, it is ignored.
 #
 # Labels do not support templating in https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmalert/#templating due to cardinality concerns. See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/8171.
 labels:

docs/victoriametrics/vmauth.md

@@ -1523,7 +1523,11 @@ It is recommended to protect the following endpoints with authKeys:
 * `/metrics` with `-metricsAuthKey` command-line flag, so unauthorized users couldn't access [vmauth metrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/#monitoring).
 * `/debug/pprof` with `-pprofAuthKey` command-line flag, so unauthorized users couldn't access [profiling information](#profiling).
 
-As an alternative, you can serve internal API routes on a different listen address using the command-line flag `-httpInternalListenAddr=127.0.0.1:8426`. {{% available_from "v1.111.0" %}}
+As an alternative, you can serve internal API routes on a different listen address using the command-line flag `-httpInternalListenAddr=127.0.0.1:8426`{{% available_from "v1.111.0" %}}.
+To enable TLS on the public listener while keeping the internal listener non-TLS, configure multiple listeners like this:
+```
+/path/to/vmauth -httpInternalListenAddr=,localhost:8426 -httpListenAddr=0.0.0.0:443, -tls=true,false -tlsCertFile=a-cert.crt -tlsKeyFile=a-key.key
+```
 
 `vmauth` also supports restricting access by IP - see [these docs](#ip-filters). See also [concurrency limiting docs](#concurrency-limiting).
 

go.mod

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/easyproto v1.2.0
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.13.3
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.43.2
-	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.86.1
+	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.87.0
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.5
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.14
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager v1.22.13

go.sum

@@ -58,14 +58,10 @@ github.com/VictoriaMetrics/easyproto v1.2.0 h1:FJT9uNXA2isppFuJErbLqD306KoFlehl7
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/easyproto v1.2.0/go.mod h1:QlGlzaJnDfFd8Lk6Ci/fuLxfTo3/GThPs2KH23mv710=
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.13.3 h1:rBabE0iIxcqKEMCwUmwHZ9dgEqXerg8FRbRDUvC7OVc=
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.13.3/go.mod h1:hHXhl4DA2fTL2HTZDJFXWgW0LNjo6B+4aj2Wmng3TjU=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.43.1 h1:j3Ba4l2K1q3pkvzPqt6aSiQ2DBlAEj3VPVeBtpR3t/Y=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.43.1/go.mod h1:xDM82ULLYCYdFRgQ2JBxi8Uf1+8En1So9YUwlGTOqTc=
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.43.2 h1:+8pIQEGwchKS5CYFyvv3LKvNXGi7baZ9hmIV4RHqibY=
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.43.2/go.mod h1:xDM82ULLYCYdFRgQ2JBxi8Uf1+8En1So9YUwlGTOqTc=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.86.0 h1:IFD08amp+nkW6I+pB3+iyamewkIrbEojkQP4cmEbwkU=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.86.0/go.mod h1:d4EisFO6ONP/HIGDYTAtwrejJBBeKGQYiRl095bS4QQ=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.86.1 h1:GuNqbbIaWZ9eNa6dOCi6itG/fJ96TGOFV3KWLnAyC2o=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.86.1/go.mod h1:d4EisFO6ONP/HIGDYTAtwrejJBBeKGQYiRl095bS4QQ=
+github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.87.0 h1:Koxh3GkB/Z0f3O0bEChVFxiE4YZoxYyn5TzmGJfSfaw=
+github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.87.0/go.mod h1:d4EisFO6ONP/HIGDYTAtwrejJBBeKGQYiRl095bS4QQ=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 h1:f58SaIzcDXrSy3kWaHNvuJgJ3Nmz59Zji6XoJR/q1ow=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0/go.mod h1:nz4BbCtbLyFDeC9SUHbtcT5644juEuWfUAUnGx7j5l4=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20240927000941-0f3dac36c52b h1:mimo19zliBX/vSQ6PWWSL9lK8qwHozUj03+zLoEB8O0=

lib/cgroup/cpu.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package cgroup
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -100,17 +101,31 @@ func getOnlineCPUCount() float64 {
 	return n
 }
 
-func getCPUQuotaV2(sysPrefix, cgroupPath string) (float64, error) {
-	data, err := getFileContents("cpu.max", sysPrefix, cgroupPath, "")
+// See https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.slice.html
+func getCPUQuotaV2(sysfsPrefix, cgroupPath string) (float64, error) {
+	subPath, err := readCgroupV2SubPath(cgroupPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+		subPath = "/"
 	}
-	data = strings.TrimSpace(data)
-	n, err := parseCPUMax(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse cpu.max file contents: %w", err)
+	var minQuota float64 = -1
+	for {
+		// travers sub path hierarchy and use a minimal value for stat
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(path.Join(sysfsPrefix, subPath, "cpu.max"))
+		if err == nil {
+			quota, err := parseCPUMax(strings.TrimSpace(string(data)))
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse cpu.max at %s: %w", subPath, err)
+			}
+			if quota > 0 && (minQuota < 0 || quota < minQuota) {
+				minQuota = quota
+			}
+		}
+		if subPath == "/" || subPath == "." {
+			break
+		}
+		subPath = path.Dir(subPath)
 	}
-	return n, nil
+	return minQuota, nil
 }
 
 // See https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpu

lib/cgroup/cpu_test.go

@@ -37,4 +37,7 @@ func TestGetCPUQuotaV2(t *testing.T) {
 	f("testdata/cgroup", "testdata/self/cgroupv2", 2)
 	f("testdata/cgroup/cpu_unset", "", -1)
 	f("testdata/cgroup/cpu_onlymax", "", 2)
+
+	// systemd slice
+	f("testdata/v2slice", "testdata/self/cgroupv2_slice", 2)
 }

lib/cgroup/mem.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package cgroup
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 )
 
 // GetGOGC returns GOGC value for the currently running process.
@@ -42,15 +45,44 @@ func GetMemoryLimit() int64 {
 		return n
 	}
 	n, err = getMemStatV2("memory.max")
-	if err != nil {
+	if err != nil || n <= 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
 	return n
 }
 
 func getMemStatV2(statName string) (int64, error) {
-	// See https: //www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#memory-interface-files
-	return getStatGeneric(statName, "/sys/fs/cgroup", "/proc/self/cgroup", "")
+	// See https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#memory-interface-files
+	return getMemLimitV2("/sys/fs/cgroup", "/proc/self/cgroup", statName)
+}
+
+func getMemLimitV2(sysfsPrefix, cgroupPath, statName string) (int64, error) {
+	subPath, err := readCgroupV2SubPath(cgroupPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		subPath = "/"
+	}
+	var minLimit int64 = -1
+	for {
+		// travers sub path hierarchy and use a minimal value for stat
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(path.Join(sysfsPrefix, subPath, statName))
+		if err == nil {
+			s := strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+			if s != "max" {
+				n, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s at %s: %w", statName, subPath, err)
+				}
+				if n > 0 && (minLimit < 0 || n < minLimit) {
+					minLimit = n
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if subPath == "/" || subPath == "." {
+			break
+		}
+		subPath = path.Dir(subPath)
+	}
+	return minLimit, nil
 }
 
 func getMemStat(statName string) (int64, error) {