docs: forward port LTS v1.122.22 changelog to upstream

Signed-off-by: f41gh7 <nik@victoriametrics.com>

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
-### Describe Your Changes
+**PLEASE REMOVE LINE BELOW BEFORE SUBMITTING**
 
-Please provide a brief description of the changes you made. Be as specific as possible to help others understand the purpose and impact of your modifications.
-
-### Checklist
-
-The following checks are **mandatory**:
-
-- [ ] My change adheres to [VictoriaMetrics contributing guidelines](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/contributing/#pull-request-checklist).
-- [ ] My change adheres to [VictoriaMetrics development goals](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/goals/).
+Before creating the PR, make sure you have read and followed the [VictoriaMetrics contributing guidelines](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/contributing/#pull-request-checklist).

.github/workflows/check-licenses.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: go version
 
       - name: Cache Go artifacts
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/go-build

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis-go.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: go version
 
       - name: Cache Go artifacts
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/go-build
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: go-artifacts-${{ runner.os }}-codeql-analyze-${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}-
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4.35.2
         with:
           languages: go
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4.35.2
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4.35.2
         with:
           category: 'language:go'

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: go version
 
       - name: Cache golangci-lint
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cache/golangci-lint

SECURITY.md

@@ -1,42 +1,4 @@
 # Security Policy
 
-## Supported Versions
+You can find out about our security policy and VictoriaMetrics version support on the [security page](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#security) in the documentation.
 
-The following versions of VictoriaMetrics receive regular security fixes:
-
-| Version                                                                        | Supported          |
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
-| [Latest release](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/changelog/)  | :white_check_mark: |
-| [LTS releases](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/lts-releases/) | :white_check_mark: |
-| other releases                                                                 | :x:                |
-
-See [this page](https://victoriametrics.com/security/) for more details.
-
-## Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)
-
-Every VictoriaMetrics container{{% available_from "#" %}} image published to
-[Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/u/victoriametrics)
-and [Quay.io](https://quay.io/organization/victoriametrics)
-includes an [SPDX](https://spdx.dev/) SBOM attestation
-generated automatically by BuildKit during
-`docker buildx build`.
-
-To inspect the SBOM for an image:
-
-```sh
-docker buildx imagetools inspect \
-  docker.io/victoriametrics/victoria-metrics:latest \
-  --format "{{ json .SBOM }}"
-```
-
-To scan an image using its SBOM attestation with
-[Trivy](https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy):
-
-```sh
-trivy image --sbom-sources oci \
-  docker.io/victoriametrics/victoria-metrics:latest
-```
-
-## Reporting a Vulnerability
-
-Please report any security issues to <security@victoriametrics.com>

app/victoria-metrics/main.go

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ func main() {
 		logger.Fatalf("cannot stop the webservice: %s", err)
 	}
 	logger.Infof("successfully shut down the webservice in %.3f seconds", time.Since(startTime).Seconds())
-	vminsert.Stop()
 	vminsertcommon.StopIngestionRateLimiter()
+	vminsert.Stop()
 
 	vmstorage.Stop()
 	vmselect.Stop()

app/vmagent/main.go

@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ var (
 	maxLabelsPerTimeseries = flag.Int("maxLabelsPerTimeseries", 0, "The maximum number of labels per time series to be accepted. Series with superfluous labels are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_many_labels\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
 	maxLabelNameLen        = flag.Int("maxLabelNameLen", 0, "The maximum length of label names in the accepted time series. Series with longer label name are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_long_label_name\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
 	maxLabelValueLen       = flag.Int("maxLabelValueLen", 0, "The maximum length of label values in the accepted time series. Series with longer label value are ignored. In this case the vm_rows_ignored_total{reason=\"too_long_label_value\"} metric at /metrics page is incremented")
+
+	enableMultitenancyViaHeaders = flag.Bool("enableMultitenancyViaHeaders", false, "Enables multitenancy via HTTP headers. "+
+		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#multitenancy")
 )
 
 var (
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@ func getOpenTSDBHTTPInsertHandler() func(req *http.Request) error {
 	}
 	return func(req *http.Request) error {
 		path := strings.ReplaceAll(req.URL.Path, "//", "/")
-		at, err := getAuthTokenFromPath(path)
+		at, err := getAuthTokenFromPath(path, req.Header)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("cannot obtain auth token from path %q: %w", path, err)
 		}
@@ -224,8 +227,15 @@ func getOpenTSDBHTTPInsertHandler() func(req *http.Request) error {
 	}
 }
 
-func getAuthTokenFromPath(path string) (*auth.Token, error) {
-	p, err := httpserver.ParsePath(path)
+func parsePath(path string, header http.Header) (*httpserver.Path, error) {
+	if *enableMultitenancyViaHeaders {
+		return httpserver.ParsePathAndHeaders(path, header)
+	}
+	return httpserver.ParsePath(path)
+}
+
+func getAuthTokenFromPath(path string, header http.Header) (*auth.Token, error) {
+	p, err := parsePath(path, header)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse multitenant path: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -559,14 +569,15 @@ func requestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 }
 
 func processMultitenantRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, path string) bool {
-	p, err := httpserver.ParsePath(path)
+	p, err := parsePath(path, r.Header)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Cannot parse multitenant path. Skip it - probably it will be parsed later.
 		return false
 	}
 	if p.Prefix != "insert" {
-		httpserver.Errorf(w, r, `unsupported multitenant prefix: %q; expected "insert"`, p.Prefix)
-		return true
+		// processMultitenantRequest is called for all unmatched path variants,
+		// but we should try parsing only /insert prefixed to avoid catching all possible paths.
+		return false
 	}
 	at, err := auth.NewTokenPossibleMultitenant(p.AuthToken)
 	if err != nil {

app/vmagent/opentelemetry/request_handler.go

@@ -77,16 +77,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, tss []prompb.TimeSeries, mms []prompb.MetricMeta
 
 	var metadataTotal int
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
-		var accountID, projectID uint32
-		if at != nil {
-			accountID = at.AccountID
-			projectID = at.ProjectID
-			for i := range mms {
-				mm := &mms[i]
-				mm.AccountID = accountID
-				mm.ProjectID = projectID
-			}
-		}
 		ctx.WriteRequest.Metadata = mms
 		metadataTotal = len(mms)
 	}

app/vmagent/prometheusimport/request_handler.go

@@ -75,11 +75,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, rows []prometheus.Row, mms []prometheus.Metadata
 			Samples: samples[len(samples)-1:],
 		})
 	}
-	var accountID, projectID uint32
-	if at != nil {
-		accountID = at.AccountID
-		projectID = at.ProjectID
-	}
 	for i := range mms {
 		mm := &mms[i]
 		mmsDst = append(mmsDst, prompb.MetricMetadata{
@@ -88,8 +83,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, rows []prometheus.Row, mms []prometheus.Metadata
 			Type:             mm.Type,
 			// there is no unit in Prometheus exposition formats
 
-			AccountID: accountID,
-			ProjectID: projectID,
 		})
 	}
 	ctx.WriteRequest.Timeseries = tssDst

app/vmagent/promremotewrite/request_handler.go

@@ -72,11 +72,6 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, timeseries []prompb.TimeSeries, mms []prompb.Met
 
 	var metadataTotal int
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
-		var accountID, projectID uint32
-		if at != nil {
-			accountID = at.AccountID
-			projectID = at.ProjectID
-		}
 		for i := range mms {
 			mm := &mms[i]
 			mmsDst = append(mmsDst, prompb.MetricMetadata{
@@ -85,8 +80,8 @@ func insertRows(at *auth.Token, timeseries []prompb.TimeSeries, mms []prompb.Met
 				Type:             mm.Type,
 				Unit:             mm.Unit,
 
-				AccountID: accountID,
-				ProjectID: projectID,
+				AccountID: mm.AccountID,
+				ProjectID: mm.ProjectID,
 			})
 		}
 		ctx.WriteRequest.Metadata = mmsDst

app/vmagent/remotewrite/pendingseries.go

@@ -211,6 +211,9 @@ func (wr *writeRequest) copyMetadata(dst, src *prompb.MetricMetadata) {
 	dst.Type = src.Type
 	dst.Unit = src.Unit
 
+	dst.AccountID = src.AccountID
+	dst.ProjectID = src.ProjectID
+
 	// Pre-allocate memory for all string fields.
 	neededBufLen := len(src.MetricFamilyName) + len(src.Help)
 	bufLen := len(wr.metadatabuf)

app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go

@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ func initRemoteWriteCtxs(urls []string) {
 		rwctxs[i] = newRemoteWriteCtx(i, remoteWriteURL, sanitizedURL)
 		rwctxIdx[i] = i
 	}
+	fs.RegisterPathFsMetrics(*tmpDataPath)
 
 	if *shardByURL {
 		consistentHashNodes := make([]string, 0, len(urls))
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ func tryPush(at *auth.Token, wr *prompb.WriteRequest, forceDropSamplesOnFailure
 
 	// Push metadata separately from time series, since it doesn't need sharding,
 	// relabeling, stream aggregation, deduplication, etc.
-	if !tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(rwctxs, mms, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
+	if !tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(at, rwctxs, mms, forceDropSamplesOnFailure) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -536,11 +537,18 @@ func pushTimeSeriesToRemoteStoragesTrackDropped(tss []prompb.TimeSeries) {
 	}
 }
 
-func tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, mms []prompb.MetricMetadata, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
+func tryPushMetadataToRemoteStorages(at *auth.Token, rwctxs []*remoteWriteCtx, mms []prompb.MetricMetadata, forceDropSamplesOnFailure bool) bool {
 	if len(mms) == 0 {
 		// Nothing to push
 		return true
 	}
+	if at != nil {
+		for idx := range mms {
+			mm := &mms[idx]
+			mm.AccountID = at.AccountID
+			mm.ProjectID = at.ProjectID
+		}
+	}
 	// Do not shard metadata even if -remoteWrite.shardByURL is set, just replicate it among rwctxs.
 	// Since metadata is usually small and there is no guarantee that metadata can be sent to
 	// the same remote storage with the corresponding metrics.

app/vmalert/config/config.go

@@ -222,6 +222,9 @@ func (r *Rule) Validate() error {
 	if r.Expr == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("expression can't be empty")
 	}
+	if _, ok := r.Labels["__name__"]; ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid rule label __name__")
+	}
 	return checkOverflow(r.XXX, "rule")
 }
 

app/vmalert/config/config_test.go

@@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ func TestRuleValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := (&Rule{Alert: "alert"}).Validate(); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected empty expr error")
 	}
+	if err := (&Rule{Record: "record", Expr: "sum(test)", Labels: map[string]string{"__name__": "test"}}).Validate(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid rule label; got %s", err)
+	}
 	if err := (&Rule{Alert: "alert", Expr: "test>0"}).Validate(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected valid rule; got %s", err)
 	}

app/vmalert/datasource/datasource.go

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ func (m *Metric) DelLabel(key string) {
 	for i, l := range m.Labels {
 		if l.Name == key {
 			m.Labels = append(m.Labels[:i], m.Labels[i+1:]...)
+			break
 		}
 	}
 }

app/vmalert/notifier/notifier.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ type Notifier interface {
 	Send(ctx context.Context, alerts []Alert, alertLabels [][]prompb.Label, notifierHeaders map[string]string) error
 	// Addr returns address where alerts are sent.
 	Addr() string
-	// LastError returns error, that occured during last attempt to send data
+	// LastError returns error, that occurred during last attempt to send data
 	LastError() string
 	// Close is a destructor for the Notifier
 	Close()

app/vmalert/remotewrite/client_test.go

@@ -103,7 +103,10 @@ func TestClient_run_maxBatchSizeDuringShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// push time series to the client.
 		for range pushCnt {
-			if err = rwClient.Push(prompb.TimeSeries{}); err != nil {
+			if err = rwClient.Push(prompb.TimeSeries{
+				Labels:  []prompb.Label{{Name: "__name__", Value: "m"}},
+				Samples: []prompb.Sample{{Value: 1, Timestamp: 1000}},
+			}); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot time series to the client: %s", err)
 			}
 		}

app/vmalert/rule/alerting.go

@@ -312,9 +312,11 @@ type labelSet struct {
 // On k conflicts in origin set, the original value is preferred and copied
 // to processed with `exported_%k` key. The copy happens only if passed v isn't equal to origin[k] value.
 func (ls *labelSet) add(k, v string) {
-	// do not add label with empty value, since it has no meaning.
-	// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984
+	// do not add label with empty value to the result, as it has no meaning:
+	// if the label already exists in the original query result, remove it to preserve compatibility with relabeling, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10766.
+	// otherwise, ignore the label, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984.
 	if v == "" {
+		delete(ls.processed, k)
 		return
 	}
 	ls.processed[k] = v

app/vmalert/rule/alerting_test.go

@@ -1363,6 +1363,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_ToLabels(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: "instance", Value: "0.0.0.0:8800"},
 			{Name: "group", Value: "vmalert"},
 			{Name: "alertname", Value: "ConfigurationReloadFailure"},
+			{Name: "pod", Value: "vmalert-0"},
 		},
 		Values:     []float64{1},
 		Timestamps: []int64{time.Now().UnixNano()},
@@ -1374,6 +1375,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_ToLabels(t *testing.T) {
 			"group":         "vmalert",  // this shouldn't have effect since value in metric is equal
 			"invalid_label": "{{ .Values.mustRuntimeFail }}",
 			"empty_label":   "", // this should be dropped
+			"pod":           "", // this should remove the pod label from query result
 		},
 		Expr:      "sum(vmalert_alerting_rules_error) by(instance, group, alertname) > 0",
 		Name:      "AlertingRulesError",
@@ -1385,6 +1387,7 @@ func TestAlertingRule_ToLabels(t *testing.T) {
 		"group":         "vmalert",
 		"alertname":     "ConfigurationReloadFailure",
 		"alertgroup":    "vmalert",
+		"pod":           "vmalert-0",
 		"invalid_label": `error evaluating template: template: :1:298: executing "" at <.Values.mustRuntimeFail>: can't evaluate field Values in type notifier.tplData`,
 	}
 

app/vmalert/rule/group.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"hash/fnv"
 	"maps"
 	"net/url"
+	"path"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -42,6 +43,9 @@ var (
 		"For example, if lookback=1h then range from now() to now()-1h will be scanned.")
 	maxStartDelay = flag.Duration("group.maxStartDelay", 5*time.Minute, "Defines the max delay before starting the group evaluation. Group's start is artificially delayed for random duration on interval"+
 		" [0..min(--group.maxStartDelay, group.interval)]. This helps smoothing out the load on the configured datasource, so evaluations aren't executed too close to each other.")
+	ruleStripFilePath = flag.Bool("rule.stripFilePath", false, "Whether to strip rule file paths in logs and all API responses, including /metrics. "+
+		"For example, file path '/path/to/tenant_id/rules.yml' will be stripped to 'groupHashID/rules.yml'. "+
+		"This flag may be useful for hiding sensitive information in file paths, such as S3 bucket details.")
 )
 
 // Group is an entity for grouping rules
@@ -147,6 +151,12 @@ func NewGroup(cfg config.Group, qb datasource.QuerierBuilder, defaultInterval ti
 		g.EvalDelay = &cfg.EvalDelay.D
 	}
 	g.id = g.CreateID()
+	// strip file path from group.File after generated group ID when ruleStripFilePath is set,
+	// so it won't be exposed in logs and api responses
+	if *ruleStripFilePath {
+		_, filename := path.Split(g.File)
+		g.File = fmt.Sprintf("%d/%s", g.id, filename)
+	}
 	for _, h := range cfg.Headers {
 		g.Headers[h.Key] = h.Value
 	}
@@ -409,6 +419,9 @@ func (g *Group) Start(ctx context.Context, rw remotewrite.RWClient, rr datasourc
 	g.mu.Unlock()
 	defer g.evalCancel()
 
+	// start the interval ticker before the first evaluation,
+	// so that the evaluation timestamps of groups with the `eval_offset` option are also aligned,
+	// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/10773
 	t := time.NewTicker(g.Interval)
 	defer t.Stop()
 

app/vmalert/rule/group_test.go

@@ -742,3 +742,64 @@ func parseTime(t *testing.T, s string) time.Time {
 	}
 	return tt
 }
+
+func TestRuleStripFilePath(t *testing.T) {
+	configG := config.Group{
+		Name:        "group",
+		File:        "/var/local/test/rules.yaml",
+		Type:        config.NewRawType("prometheus"),
+		Concurrency: 1,
+		Rules: []config.Rule{
+			{
+				ID:    0,
+				Alert: "alert",
+			},
+			{
+				ID:     1,
+				Record: "record",
+			},
+		}}
+	qb := &datasource.FakeQuerier{}
+	g := NewGroup(configG, qb, 1*time.Minute, nil)
+
+	gID := g.id
+	if g.File != "/var/local/test/rules.yaml" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected file path to be unchanged; got %q instead", g.File)
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range g.Rules {
+		if ar, ok := r.(*AlertingRule); ok {
+			if ar.File != "/var/local/test/rules.yaml" {
+				t.Fatalf("expected rule file path to be unchanged; got %q instead", ar.File)
+			}
+		}
+		if rr, ok := r.(*RecordingRule); ok {
+			if rr.File != "/var/local/test/rules.yaml" {
+				t.Fatalf("expected rule file path to be unchanged; got %q instead", rr.File)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	oldRuleStripFilePath := *ruleStripFilePath
+	*ruleStripFilePath = true
+	defer func() {
+		*ruleStripFilePath = oldRuleStripFilePath
+	}()
+	g = NewGroup(configG, qb, 1*time.Minute, nil)
+
+	if g.File != fmt.Sprintf("%d/rules.yaml", gID) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected file path to be stripped to %q; got %q instead", fmt.Sprintf("%d/rules.yaml", gID), g.File)
+	}
+	for _, r := range g.Rules {
+		if ar, ok := r.(*AlertingRule); ok {
+			if ar.File != fmt.Sprintf("%d/rules.yaml", gID) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected rule file path to be unchanged; got %q instead", ar.File)
+			}
+		}
+		if rr, ok := r.(*RecordingRule); ok {
+			if rr.File != fmt.Sprintf("%d/rules.yaml", gID) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected rule file path to be unchanged; got %q instead", rr.File)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

app/vmalert/rule/recording.go

@@ -293,9 +293,11 @@ func (rr *RecordingRule) toTimeSeries(m datasource.Metric) prompb.TimeSeries {
 	}
 	// add extra labels configured by user
 	for k := range rr.Labels {
-		// do not add label with empty value, since it has no meaning.
-		// see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984
+		// do not add label with empty value to the result, as it has no meaning:
+		// if the label already exists in the original query result, remove it to preserve compatibility with relabeling, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10766.
+		// otherwise, ignore the label, see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9984.
 		if rr.Labels[k] == "" {
+			m.DelLabel(k)
 			continue
 		}
 		existingLabel := promrelabel.GetLabelByName(m.Labels, k)

app/vmalert/rule/recording_test.go

@@ -163,11 +163,13 @@ func TestRecordingRule_Exec(t *testing.T) {
 	f(&RecordingRule{
 		Name: "job:foo",
 		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"source": "test",
+			"source":      "test",
+			"empty_label": "", // this should be dropped
+			"pod":         "", // this should remove the pod label from query result
 		},
 	}, [][]datasource.Metric{{
-		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 2, "__name__", "foo", "job", "foo"),
-		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 1, "__name__", "bar", "job", "bar", "source", "origin"),
+		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 2, "__name__", "foo", "job", "foo", "pod", "vmalert-0"),
+		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 1, "__name__", "bar", "job", "bar", "source", "origin", "pod", "vmalert-1"),
 		metricWithValueAndLabels(t, 1, "__name__", "baz", "job", "baz", "source", "test"),
 	}}, [][]prompb.TimeSeries{{
 		newTimeSeries([]float64{2}, []int64{ts.UnixNano()}, []prompb.Label{

app/vmalert/rule/web.go

@@ -252,6 +252,9 @@ func (r *ApiRule) ExtendState() {
 
 // ToAPI returns ApiGroup representation of g
 func (g *Group) ToAPI() *ApiGroup {
+	if g == nil {
+		return &ApiGroup{}
+	}
 	g.mu.RLock()
 	defer g.mu.RUnlock()
 	ag := ApiGroup{

app/vmalert/templates/template.go

@@ -402,6 +402,20 @@ func templateFuncs() textTpl.FuncMap {
 			return t, nil
 		},
 
+		// formatTime formats the given Unix timestamp with the provided layout.
+		// For example: {{ now | formatTime "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}
+		"formatTime": func(layout string, i any) (string, error) {
+			v, err := toFloat64(i)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("formatTime: %w", err)
+			}
+			if math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("formatTime: cannot convert %v to time", v)
+			}
+			t := timeFromUnixTimestamp(v).Time().UTC()
+			return t.Format(layout), nil
+		},
+
 		/* URLs */
 
 		// externalURL returns value of `external.url` flag

app/vmalert/templates/template_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	textTpl "text/template"
+	"time"
 )
 
 func TestTemplateFuncs_StringConversion(t *testing.T) {
@@ -103,6 +104,26 @@ func TestTemplateFuncs_Formatting(t *testing.T) {
 	f("humanizeTimestamp", 1679055557, "2023-03-17 12:19:17 +0000 UTC")
 }
 
+func TestTemplateFuncs_FormatTime(t *testing.T) {
+	funcs := templateFuncs()
+	formatTime := funcs["formatTime"].(func(layout string, i any) (string, error))
+
+	f := func(layout string, input any, expected string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		result, err := formatTime(layout, input)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error for formatTime(%q, %v): %s", layout, input, err)
+		}
+		if result != expected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected result for formatTime(%q, %v); got\n%s\nwant\n%s", layout, input, result, expected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f(time.RFC3339, float64(1679055557), "2023-03-17T12:19:17Z")
+	f("2006-01-02T15:04:05", int64(1679055557), "2023-03-17T12:19:17")
+	f(time.RFC822, int(1679055557), "17 Mar 23 12:19 UTC")
+}
+
 func mkTemplate(current, replacement any) textTemplate {
 	tmpl := textTemplate{}
 	if current != nil {

app/vmauth/auth_config.go

@@ -362,40 +362,62 @@ func (up *URLPrefix) setLoadBalancingPolicy(loadBalancingPolicy string) error {
 }
 
 type backendURLs struct {
-	healthChecksContext context.Context
-	healthChecksCancel  func()
-	healthChecksWG      sync.WaitGroup
-
+	bhc backendHealthCheck
 	bus []*backendURL
 }
 
+type backendHealthCheck struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	// mu protects fields below
+	cancel    func()
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	isStopped bool
+	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func (bhc *backendHealthCheck) run(hc func()) {
+	bhc.mu.Lock()
+	defer bhc.mu.Unlock()
+	if bhc.isStopped {
+		return
+	}
+	bhc.wg.Go(hc)
+}
+
+func (bhc *backendHealthCheck) stop() {
+	bhc.mu.Lock()
+	bhc.cancel()
+	bhc.isStopped = true
+	bhc.mu.Unlock()
+	bhc.wg.Wait()
+}
+
 func newBackendURLs() *backendURLs {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	return &backendURLs{
-		healthChecksContext: ctx,
-		healthChecksCancel:  cancel,
+		bhc: backendHealthCheck{
+			ctx:    ctx,
+			cancel: cancel,
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 func (bus *backendURLs) add(u *url.URL) {
 	bus.bus = append(bus.bus, &backendURL{
-		url:                u,
-		healthCheckContext: bus.healthChecksContext,
-		healthCheckWG:      &bus.healthChecksWG,
-		hasPlaceHolders:    hasAnyPlaceholders(u),
+		url:             u,
+		bhc:             &bus.bhc,
+		hasPlaceHolders: hasAnyPlaceholders(u),
 	})
 }
 
 func (bus *backendURLs) stopHealthChecks() {
-	bus.healthChecksCancel()
-	bus.healthChecksWG.Wait()
+	bus.bhc.stop()
 }
 
 type backendURL struct {
 	broken atomic.Bool
 
-	healthCheckContext context.Context
-	healthCheckWG      *sync.WaitGroup
+	bhc *backendHealthCheck
 
 	concurrentRequests atomic.Int32
 
@@ -410,7 +432,7 @@ func (bu *backendURL) isBroken() bool {
 
 func (bu *backendURL) setBroken() {
 	if bu.broken.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
-		bu.healthCheckWG.Go(func() {
+		bu.bhc.run(func() {
 			bu.runHealthCheck()
 			bu.broken.Store(false)
 		})
@@ -432,11 +454,11 @@ func (bu *backendURL) runHealthCheck() {
 		case <-t.C:
 			// Verify network connectivity via TCP dial before marking backend healthy.
 			// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/9997
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(bu.healthCheckContext, time.Second)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(bu.bhc.ctx, time.Second)
 			c, err := netutil.Dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
 			cancel()
 			if err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(bu.healthCheckContext.Err(), context.Canceled) {
+				if errors.Is(bu.bhc.ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
 					return
 				}
 				logger.Warnf("ignoring the backend at %s for %s because of dial error: %s", addr, *failTimeout, err)
@@ -445,7 +467,7 @@ func (bu *backendURL) runHealthCheck() {
 
 			_ = c.Close()
 			return
-		case <-bu.healthCheckContext.Done():
+		case <-bu.bhc.ctx.Done():
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -588,6 +610,7 @@ func areEqualBackendURLs(a, b []*backendURL) bool {
 }
 
 // getFirstAvailableBackendURL returns the first available backendURL, which isn't broken.
+// If all backendURLs are broken, then returns the first backendURL.
 //
 // backendURL.put() must be called on the returned backendURL after the request is complete.
 func getFirstAvailableBackendURL(bus []*backendURL) *backendURL {
@@ -606,21 +629,22 @@ func getFirstAvailableBackendURL(bus []*backendURL) *backendURL {
 			return bu
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+
+	// All backend urls are unavailable, then returning a first one, it could help increase the success rate of the requests。
+	// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10837#issuecomment-4307050980.
+	bu.get()
+	return bu
 }
 
 // getLeastLoadedBackendURL returns a non-broken backendURL with the lowest number of concurrent requests.
+// If all backendURLs are broken, then returns the first backendURL.
 //
 // backendURL.put() must be called on the returned backendURL after the request is complete.
 func getLeastLoadedBackendURL(bus []*backendURL, atomicCounter *atomic.Uint32) *backendURL {
+	firstBu := bus[0]
 	if len(bus) == 1 {
-		// Fast path - return the only backend url.
-		bu := bus[0]
-		if bu.isBroken() {
-			return nil
-		}
-		bu.get()
-		return bu
+		firstBu.get()
+		return firstBu
 	}
 
 	// Slow path - select other backend urls.
@@ -658,7 +682,10 @@ func getLeastLoadedBackendURL(bus []*backendURL, atomicCounter *atomic.Uint32) *
 	}
 	buMin := bus[buMinIdx]
 	if buMin.isBroken() {
-		return nil
+		// If all backendURLs are broken, then returns the first backendURL.
+		// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/10837#issuecomment-4307050980.
+		firstBu.get()
+		return firstBu
 	}
 	buMin.get()
 	atomicCounter.CompareAndSwap(n+1, buMinIdx+1)

app/vmauth/auth_config_test.go

@@ -1031,6 +1031,33 @@ func TestLogRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	f("foo", 404, 10*time.Millisecond, `access_log request_host="localhost:8080" request_uri="" status_code=404 remote_addr="" user_agent="" referer="" duration_ms=10 username="foo"`)
 }
 
+func TestGetFirstAvailableBackend(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(broken []bool, expectedIdx int) {
+		t.Helper()
+		bus := make([]*backendURL, len(broken))
+		for i := range broken {
+			bus[i] = &backendURL{
+				url: &url.URL{Host: fmt.Sprintf("server-%d", i)},
+			}
+			bus[i].broken.Store(broken[i])
+		}
+		bu := getFirstAvailableBackendURL(bus)
+		if bu == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected nil backend")
+		}
+		if bu.url.Host != fmt.Sprintf("server-%d", expectedIdx) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected backend, expected server-%d, got %s", expectedIdx, bu.url.Host)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f([]bool{false, false, false}, 0)
+	f([]bool{true, true, false}, 2)
+	// all backend are broken, then return the first one.
+	f([]bool{true, true, true}, 0)
+	f([]bool{true}, 0)
+
+}
+
 func getRegexs(paths []string) []*Regex {
 	var sps []*Regex
 	for _, path := range paths {

app/vmauth/main.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var (
 		"This allows reducing the consumption of backend resources when processing requests from clients connected via slow networks. "+
 		"Set to 0 to disable request buffering. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmauth/#request-body-buffering")
 	maxRequestBodySizeToRetry = flagutil.NewBytes("maxRequestBodySizeToRetry", 16*1024, "The maximum request body size to buffer in memory for potential retries at other backends. "+
-		"Request bodies larger than this size cannot be retried if the backend fails. Zero or negative value disables request body buffering and retries. "+
+		"Request bodies larger than this size cannot be retried if the backend fails. Zero or negative value disables retries. "+
 		"See also -requestBufferSize")
 
 	maxConcurrentRequests = flag.Int("maxConcurrentRequests", 1000, "The maximum number of concurrent requests vmauth can process simultaneously. "+
@@ -481,6 +481,9 @@ func tryProcessingRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, targetURL *url
 	canRetry := !bbOK || bb.canRetry()
 
 	res, err := ui.rt.RoundTrip(req)
+	if err == nil {
+		defer func() { _ = res.Body.Close() }()
+	}
 
 	if errors.Is(r.Context().Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		// Do not retry canceled requests.
@@ -550,7 +553,6 @@ func tryProcessingRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, targetURL *url
 	w.WriteHeader(res.StatusCode)
 
 	err = copyStreamToClient(w, res.Body)
-	_ = res.Body.Close()
 
 	if errors.Is(r.Context().Err(), context.Canceled) {
 		// Do not retry canceled requests.
@@ -848,14 +850,18 @@ func (bb *bufferedBody) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
 }
 
 func (bb *bufferedBody) canRetry() bool {
-	return bb.r == nil
+	if bb.r != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	maxRetrySize := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.IntN()
+	return len(bb.buf) == 0 || (maxRetrySize > 0 && len(bb.buf) <= maxRetrySize)
 }
 
 // Close implements io.Closer interface.
 func (bb *bufferedBody) Close() error {
 	bb.resetReader()
+	bb.cannotRetry = !bb.canRetry()
 	if bb.r != nil {
-		bb.cannotRetry = true
 		return bb.r.Close()
 	}
 	return nil

app/vmauth/main_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -1831,7 +1832,7 @@ func (r *mockBody) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 }
 
 func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(s string, maxBodySize int) {
+	f := func(s string, maxSizeToRetry, bufferSize int) {
 		t.Helper()
 
 		defaultRequestBufferSize := requestBufferSize.String()
@@ -1840,7 +1841,7 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccess(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%d", maxBodySize)); err != nil {
+		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(strconv.Itoa(bufferSize)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 		}
 
@@ -1850,7 +1851,7 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccess(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set("0"); err != nil {
+		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set(strconv.Itoa(maxSizeToRetry)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
 		}
 
@@ -1879,16 +1880,20 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	f("", 0)
-	f("", -1)
-	f("", 100)
-	f("foo", 100)
-	f("foobar", 100)
-	f(newTestString(1000), 1001)
+	f("", 0, 2000)
+	f("", 0, 0)
+	f("", -1, 2000)
+	f("", 100, 2000)
+	f("foo", 100, 2000)
+	f("foobar", 100, 2000)
+	f("foobar", 100, 0)
+	f("foobar", 100, -1)
+	f(newTestString(1000), 1001, 2000)
+	f(newTestString(1000), 1001, 500)
 }
 
 func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccessPartialRead(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(s string, maxBodySize int) {
+	f := func(s string, maxSizeToRetry, bufferSize int) {
 		t.Helper()
 
 		// Check the case with partial read
@@ -1898,7 +1903,7 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccessPartialRead(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%d", maxBodySize)); err != nil {
+		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(strconv.Itoa(bufferSize)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 		}
 
@@ -1908,7 +1913,7 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccessPartialRead(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set("0"); err != nil {
+		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set(strconv.Itoa(maxSizeToRetry)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
 		}
 
@@ -1952,16 +1957,20 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetrySuccessPartialRead(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	f("", 0)
-	f("", -1)
-	f("", 100)
-	f("foo", 100)
-	f("foobar", 100)
-	f(newTestString(1000), 1001)
+	f("", 0, 2000)
+	f("", 0, 0)
+	f("", -1, 2000)
+	f("", 100, 2000)
+	f("foo", 100, 2000)
+	f("foobar", 100, 2000)
+	f("foobar", 100, 0)
+	f("foobar", 100, -1)
+	f(newTestString(1000), 1001, 2000)
+	f(newTestString(1000), 1001, 500)
 }
 
 func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureTooBigBody(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(s string, maxBodySize int) {
+	f := func(s string, maxSizeToRetry, bufferSize int) {
 		t.Helper()
 
 		defaultRequestBufferSize := requestBufferSize.String()
@@ -1970,7 +1979,7 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureTooBigBody(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := requestBufferSize.Set("0"); err != nil {
+		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(strconv.Itoa(bufferSize)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 		}
 
@@ -1980,7 +1989,7 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureTooBigBody(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%d", maxBodySize)); err != nil {
+		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set(strconv.Itoa(maxSizeToRetry)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
 		}
 
@@ -2025,12 +2034,17 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureTooBigBody(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	const maxBodySize = 1000
-	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), maxBodySize)
-	f(newTestString(2*maxBodySize), maxBodySize)
+	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), 0, 2*maxBodySize)
+	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), -1, 2*maxBodySize)
+	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), maxBodySize, 0)
+	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), maxBodySize, -1)
+	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), maxBodySize, maxBodySize)
+	f(newTestString(maxBodySize+1), maxBodySize, 2*maxBodySize)
+	f(newTestString(2*maxBodySize), maxBodySize, 0)
 }
 
-func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureZeroOrNegativeMaxBodySize(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(s string, maxBodySize int) {
+func TestBufferedBody_RetryDisabledByMaxRequestBodySizeToRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string, maxSizeToRetry, bufferSize int) {
 		t.Helper()
 
 		defaultRequestBufferSize := requestBufferSize.String()
@@ -2039,10 +2053,20 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureZeroOrNegativeMaxBodySize(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("cannot reset requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 			}
 		}()
-		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%d", maxBodySize)); err != nil {
+		if err := requestBufferSize.Set(strconv.Itoa(bufferSize)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("cannot set requestBufferSize: %s", err)
 		}
 
+		defaultMaxRequestBodySizeToRetry := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.String()
+		defer func() {
+			if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set(defaultMaxRequestBodySizeToRetry); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("cannot reset maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
+			}
+		}()
+		if err := maxRequestBodySizeToRetry.Set(strconv.Itoa(maxSizeToRetry)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("cannot set maxRequestBodySizeToRetry: %s", err)
+		}
+
 		ctx := context.Background()
 		rb, err := bufferRequestBody(ctx, io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString(s)), "foo")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2051,8 +2075,8 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureZeroOrNegativeMaxBodySize(t *testing.T) {
 		bb, ok := rb.(*bufferedBody)
 		canRetry := !ok || bb.canRetry()
 
-		if !canRetry {
-			t.Fatalf("canRetry() must return true before reading anything")
+		if canRetry {
+			t.Fatalf("canRetry() must return false before reading anything")
 		}
 		data, err := io.ReadAll(rb)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2066,19 +2090,19 @@ func TestBufferedBody_RetryFailureZeroOrNegativeMaxBodySize(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		data, err = io.ReadAll(rb)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error in io.ReadAll: %s", err)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-nil error")
 		}
-		if string(data) != s {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected data read\ngot\n%s\nwant\n%s", data, s)
+		if len(data) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected non-empty data read: %q", data)
 		}
 	}
 
-	f("foobar", 0)
-	f(newTestString(1000), 0)
+	f("foobar", 0, 2048)
+	f(newTestString(1000), 0, 2048)
 
-	f("foobar", -1)
-	f(newTestString(1000), -1)
+	f("foobar", -1, 2048)
+	f(newTestString(1000), -1, 2048)
 }
 
 func newTestString(sLen int) string {

app/vmctl/opentsdb.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	vmetrics "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
+	"github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmctl/opentsdb"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/app/vmctl/vm"
-	"github.com/cheggaaa/pb/v3"
 )
 
 type otsdbProcessor struct {
@@ -89,9 +89,6 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) run(ctx context.Context) error {
 		// we're going to make serieslist * queryRanges queries, so we should represent that in the progress bar
 		otsdbSeriesTotal.Add(len(serieslist) * queryRanges)
 		bar := pb.StartNew(len(serieslist) * queryRanges)
-		defer func(bar *pb.ProgressBar) {
-			bar.Finish()
-		}(bar)
 		var wg sync.WaitGroup
 		for range op.otsdbcc {
 			wg.Go(func() {
@@ -106,41 +103,22 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) run(ctx context.Context) error {
 				}
 			})
 		}
-		/*
-			Loop through all series for this metric, processing all retentions and time ranges
-			requested. This loop is our primary "collect data from OpenTSDB loop" and should
-			be async, sending data to VictoriaMetrics over time.
+		runErr := op.sendQueries(ctx, serieslist, seriesCh, errCh, startTime)
 
-			The idea with having the select at the inner-most loop is to ensure quick
-			short-circuiting on error.
-		*/
-		for _, series := range serieslist {
-			for _, rt := range op.oc.Retentions {
-				for _, tr := range rt.QueryRanges {
-					select {
-					case otsdbErr := <-errCh:
-						return fmt.Errorf("opentsdb error: %s", otsdbErr)
-					case vmErr := <-op.im.Errors():
-						otsdbErrorsTotal.Inc()
-						return fmt.Errorf("import process failed: %s", wrapErr(vmErr, op.isVerbose))
-					case seriesCh <- queryObj{
-						Tr: tr, StartTime: startTime,
-						Series: series, Rt: opentsdb.RetentionMeta{
-							FirstOrder: rt.FirstOrder, SecondOrder: rt.SecondOrder, AggTime: rt.AggTime}}:
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Drain channels per metric
+		// Always drain channels and wait for workers to prevent goroutine leaks
 		close(seriesCh)
 		wg.Wait()
 		close(errCh)
 		// check for any lingering errors on the query side
 		for otsdbErr := range errCh {
-			return fmt.Errorf("import process failed: \n%s", otsdbErr)
+			if runErr == nil {
+				runErr = fmt.Errorf("import process failed: \n%s", otsdbErr)
+			}
 		}
 		bar.Finish()
+		if runErr != nil {
+			return runErr
+		}
 		log.Print(op.im.Stats())
 	}
 	op.im.Close()
@@ -155,6 +133,34 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// sendQueries iterates over all series and retention ranges, sending queries to workers.
+// It returns early if ctx is canceled or an error is received.
+func (op *otsdbProcessor) sendQueries(ctx context.Context, serieslist []opentsdb.Meta, seriesCh chan<- queryObj, errCh <-chan error, startTime int64) error {
+	for _, series := range serieslist {
+		for _, rt := range op.oc.Retentions {
+			for _, tr := range rt.QueryRanges {
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return fmt.Errorf("context canceled: %s", ctx.Err())
+				case otsdbErr := <-errCh:
+					otsdbErrorsTotal.Inc()
+					return fmt.Errorf("opentsdb error: %s", otsdbErr)
+				case vmErr := <-op.im.Errors():
+					return fmt.Errorf("import process failed: %s", wrapErr(vmErr, op.isVerbose))
+				case seriesCh <- queryObj{
+					Tr: tr, StartTime: startTime,
+					Series: series, Rt: opentsdb.RetentionMeta{
+						FirstOrder:  rt.FirstOrder,
+						SecondOrder: rt.SecondOrder,
+						AggTime:     rt.AggTime,
+					}}:
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (op *otsdbProcessor) do(s queryObj) error {
 	start := s.StartTime - s.Tr.Start
 	end := s.StartTime - s.Tr.End
@@ -163,6 +169,7 @@ func (op *otsdbProcessor) do(s queryObj) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to collect data for %v in %v:%v :: %v", s.Series, s.Rt, s.Tr, err)
 	}
 	if len(data.Timestamps) < 1 || len(data.Values) < 1 {
+		log.Printf("no data found for %v in %v:%v...skipping", s.Series, s.Rt, s.Tr)
 		return nil
 	}
 	labels := make([]vm.LabelPair, 0, len(data.Tags))

app/vmctl/opentsdb/opentsdb.go

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ func (c Client) FindMetrics(q string) ([]string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad return from OpenTSDB: %d: %v", resp.StatusCode, resp)
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve metric data from %q: %s", q, err)
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ func (c Client) FindSeries(metric string) ([]Meta, error) {
 	q := fmt.Sprintf("%s/api/search/lookup?m=%s&limit=%d", c.Addr, metric, c.Limit)
 	resp, err := c.c.Get(q)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad return from OpenTSDB: %d: %v", resp.StatusCode, resp)
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not retrieve series data from %q: %s", q, err)
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ func (c Client) GetData(series Meta, rt RetentionMeta, start int64, end int64, m
 	if err != nil {
 		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to send GET request to %q: %s", q, err)
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	/*
 		There are three potential failures here, none of which should kill the entire
 		migration run:
@@ -196,7 +197,6 @@ func (c Client) GetData(series Meta, rt RetentionMeta, start int64, end int64, m
 		log.Printf("bad response code from OpenTSDB query %v for %q...skipping", resp.StatusCode, q)
 		return Metric{}, nil
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Println("couldn't read response body from OpenTSDB query...skipping")
@@ -239,27 +239,20 @@ func (c Client) GetData(series Meta, rt RetentionMeta, start int64, end int64, m
 		In all "bad" cases, we don't end the migration, we just don't process that particular message
 	*/
 	if len(output) < 1 {
-		// no results returned...return an empty object without error
 		return Metric{}, nil
 	}
 	if len(output) > 1 {
-		// multiple series returned for a single query. We can't process this right, so...
-		return Metric{}, nil
+		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected number of series returned: %d for query %q; expected 1", len(output), q)
 	}
 	if len(output[0].AggregateTags) > 0 {
-		// This failure means we've suppressed potential series somehow...
-		return Metric{}, nil
+		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("aggregate tags %v present in response for query %q; series may be suppressed", output[0].AggregateTags, q)
 	}
 	data := Metric{}
 	data.Metric = output[0].Metric
 	data.Tags = output[0].Tags
-	/*
-		We evaluate data for correctness before formatting the actual values
-		to skip a little bit of time if the series has invalid formatting
-	*/
 	data, err = modifyData(data, c.Normalize)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Metric{}, nil
+		return Metric{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert metric data for query %q: %w", q, err)
 	}
 
 	/*

app/vmctl/opentsdb/parser.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func convertDuration(duration string) (time.Duration, error) {
 	var err error
 	var timeValue int
 	if strings.HasSuffix(duration, "y") {
-		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.Trim(duration, "y"))
+		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSuffix(duration, "y"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func convertDuration(duration string) (time.Duration, error) {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
 	} else if strings.HasSuffix(duration, "w") {
-		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.Trim(duration, "w"))
+		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSuffix(duration, "w"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func convertDuration(duration string) (time.Duration, error) {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
 	} else if strings.HasSuffix(duration, "d") {
-		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.Trim(duration, "d"))
+		timeValue, err = strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSuffix(duration, "d"))
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid time range: %q", duration)
 		}
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ func convertRetention(retention string, offset int64, msecTime bool) (Retention,
 	if !msecTime {
 		queryLength = queryLength / 1000
 	}
+	if queryLength <= 0 {
+		return Retention{}, fmt.Errorf("ttl %q resolves to non-positive query range %d; use a larger duration", chunks[2], queryLength)
+	}
 	queryRange := queryLength
 	// bump by the offset so we don't look at empty ranges any time offset > ttl
 	queryLength += offset
@@ -138,16 +141,29 @@ func convertRetention(retention string, offset int64, msecTime bool) (Retention,
 			2. we discover the actual size of each "chunk"
 			   This is second division step
 		*/
-		querySize = int64(queryRange / (queryRange / (rowLength * 4)))
+		divisor := queryRange / (rowLength * 4)
+		if divisor == 0 {
+			querySize = queryRange
+		} else {
+			querySize = queryRange / divisor
+		}
 	} else {
 		/*
 			Unless the aggTime (how long a range of data we're requesting per individual point)
 			is greater than the row size. Then we'll need to use that to determine
 			how big each individual query should be
 		*/
-		querySize = int64(queryRange / (queryRange / (aggTime * 4)))
+		divisor := queryRange / (aggTime * 4)
+		if divisor == 0 {
+			querySize = queryRange
+		} else {
+			querySize = queryRange / divisor
+		}
 	}
 
+	if querySize <= 0 {
+		return Retention{}, fmt.Errorf("computed non-positive querySize=%d for retention %q; check parameters", querySize, retention)
+	}
 	var timeChunks []TimeRange
 	var i int64
 	for i = offset; i <= queryLength; i = i + querySize {

app/vmselect/main.go

@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		return true
 	case "/api/v1/export":
 		exportRequests.Inc()
+		httpserver.EnableCORS(w, r)
 		if err := prometheus.ExportHandler(startTime, w, r); err != nil {
 			exportErrors.Inc()
 			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
@@ -270,6 +271,7 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		return true
 	case "/api/v1/export/csv":
 		exportCSVRequests.Inc()
+		httpserver.EnableCORS(w, r)
 		if err := prometheus.ExportCSVHandler(startTime, w, r); err != nil {
 			exportCSVErrors.Inc()
 			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)
@@ -278,6 +280,7 @@ func RequestHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		return true
 	case "/api/v1/export/native":
 		exportNativeRequests.Inc()
+		httpserver.EnableCORS(w, r)
 		if err := prometheus.ExportNativeHandler(startTime, w, r); err != nil {
 			exportNativeErrors.Inc()
 			httpserver.Errorf(w, r, "%s", err)

app/vmselect/prometheus/prometheus.go

@@ -1223,11 +1223,7 @@ func getCommonParamsInternal(r *http.Request, startTime time.Time, requireNonEmp
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Limit the `end` arg to the current time +2 days in the same way
-	// as it is limited during data ingestion.
-	// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/ea06d2fd3ccbbb6aa4480ab3b04f7b671408be2a/lib/storage/table.go#L378
-	// This should fix possible timestamp overflow - see https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/2669
-	maxTS := startTime.UnixNano()/1e6 + 2*24*3600*1000
+	maxTS := int64(math.MaxInt64 / 1_000_000)
 	if end > maxTS {
 		end = maxTS
 	}

app/vmselect/searchutil/searchutil.go

@@ -132,9 +132,20 @@ func (d *Deadline) String() string {
 //
 //	{env="prod",team="devops",t1="v1",t2="v2"}
 //	{env=~"dev|staging",team!="devops",t1="v1",t2="v2"}
+//
+//	Query args from URL path have precedence over post form args.
 func GetExtraTagFilters(r *http.Request) ([][]storage.TagFilter, error) {
 	var tagFilters []storage.TagFilter
-	for _, match := range r.Form["extra_label"] {
+	urlQueryValues := r.URL.Query()
+	getRequestParam := func(key string) []string {
+		// query request param must always take precedence over form values
+		// in order to simplify security enforcement policy for extra_label and extra_filters
+		if uv, ok := urlQueryValues[key]; ok {
+			return uv
+		}
+		return r.Form[key]
+	}
+	for _, match := range getRequestParam("extra_label") {
 		tmp := strings.SplitN(match, "=", 2)
 		if len(tmp) != 2 {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("`extra_label` query arg must have the format `name=value`; got %q", match)
@@ -148,8 +159,8 @@ func GetExtraTagFilters(r *http.Request) ([][]storage.TagFilter, error) {
 			Value: []byte(tmp[1]),
 		})
 	}
-	extraFilters := append([]string{}, r.Form["extra_filters"]...)
-	extraFilters = append(extraFilters, r.Form["extra_filters[]"]...)
+	extraFilters := append([]string{}, getRequestParam("extra_filters")...)
+	extraFilters = append(extraFilters, getRequestParam("extra_filters[]")...)
 	if len(extraFilters) == 0 {
 		if len(tagFilters) == 0 {
 			return nil, nil

app/vmselect/searchutil/searchutil_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ func TestGetExtraTagFilters(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		return &http.Request{
 			Form: q,
+			URL:  &url.URL{RawQuery: q.Encode()},
 		}
 	}
 	f := func(t *testing.T, r *http.Request, want []string, wantErr bool) {
@@ -79,6 +80,24 @@ func TestGetExtraTagFilters(t *testing.T) {
 		nil,
 		false,
 	)
+
+	formValues, err := url.ParseQuery(`extra_label=env=prod&extra_label=job=vmsingle&extra_label=tenant=prod&extra_filters[]={foo="bar"}&extra_filters[]={tenant="prod"}`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BUG: cannot parse query: %s", err)
+	}
+	urlValues, err := url.ParseQuery(`extra_label=job=vmagent&extra_label=env=dev&extra_filters[]={tenant="dev"}`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BUG: cannot parse query: %s", err)
+	}
+	httpReqWithBothFormAndURLParams := &http.Request{
+		Form: formValues,
+		URL: &url.URL{
+			RawQuery: urlValues.Encode(),
+		},
+	}
+	f(t, httpReqWithBothFormAndURLParams,
+		[]string{`{tenant="dev",job="vmagent",env="dev"}`},
+		false)
 }
 
 func TestParseMetricSelectorSuccess(t *testing.T) {

app/vmselect/vmui/index.html

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
   <meta property="og:title" content="UI for VictoriaMetrics">
   <meta property="og:url" content="https://victoriametrics.com/">
   <meta property="og:description" content="Explore and troubleshoot your VictoriaMetrics data">
-  <script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index-C24BPpD_.js"></script>
+  <script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index-C7gvW_Zn.js"></script>
   <link rel="modulepreload" crossorigin href="./assets/rolldown-runtime-COnpUsM8.js">
-  <link rel="modulepreload" crossorigin href="./assets/vendor-BWBgVCcr.js">
+  <link rel="modulepreload" crossorigin href="./assets/vendor-C8Kwp93_.js">
   <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/vendor-CnsZ1jie.css">
   <link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/index-D2OEy8Ra.css">
 </head>

app/vmstorage/main.go

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ import (
 var (
 	retentionPeriod = flagutil.NewRetentionDuration("retentionPeriod", "1M", "Data with timestamps outside the retentionPeriod is automatically deleted. The minimum retentionPeriod is 24h or 1d. "+
 		"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention. See also -retentionFilter")
+	futureRetention = flagutil.NewRetentionDuration("futureRetention", "2d", "Data with timestamps bigger than now+futureRetention is automatically deleted. "+
+		"The minimum futureRetention is 2 days. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention")
 	snapshotAuthKey   = flagutil.NewPassword("snapshotAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /snapshot* pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	forceMergeAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("forceMergeAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_merge pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
 	forceFlushAuthKey = flagutil.NewPassword("forceFlushAuthKey", "authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_flush pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*")
@@ -135,7 +137,12 @@ func Init(resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 	mergeset.SetDataBlocksSparseCacheSize(cacheSizeIndexDBDataBlocksSparse.IntN())
 
 	if retentionPeriod.Duration() < 24*time.Hour {
-		logger.Fatalf("-retentionPeriod cannot be smaller than a day; got %s", retentionPeriod)
+		logger.Fatalf("-retentionPeriod cannot be smaller than a day; got %s. "+
+			"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention", retentionPeriod)
+	}
+	if futureRetention.Duration() < 2*24*time.Hour {
+		logger.Fatalf("-futureRetention cannot be smaller than 2 days; got %s. "+
+			"See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#retention", futureRetention)
 	}
 	if *idbPrefillStart > 23*time.Hour {
 		logger.Panicf("-storage.idbPrefillStart cannot exceed 23 hours; got %s", idbPrefillStart)
@@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ func Init(resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 	WG = syncwg.WaitGroup{}
 	opts := storage.OpenOptions{
 		Retention:             retentionPeriod.Duration(),
+		FutureRetention:       futureRetention.Duration(),
 		MaxHourlySeries:       getMaxHourlySeries(),
 		MaxDailySeries:        getMaxDailySeries(),
 		DisablePerDayIndex:    *disablePerDayIndex,
@@ -172,6 +180,7 @@ func Init(resetCacheIfNeeded func(mrs []storage.MetricRow)) {
 		writeStorageMetrics(w, strg)
 	})
 	metrics.RegisterSet(storageMetrics)
+	fs.RegisterPathFsMetrics(*DataPath)
 }
 
 var storageMetrics *metrics.Set

app/vmui/Dockerfile-web

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.26.2 AS build-web-stage
+FROM golang:1.26.3 AS build-web-stage
 COPY build /build
 
 WORKDIR /build
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ COPY web/ /build/
 RUN GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o web-amd64 github.com/VictoriMetrics/vmui/ && \
     GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o web-windows github.com/VictoriMetrics/vmui/
 
-FROM alpine:3.23.3
+FROM alpine:3.23.4
 USER root
 
 COPY --from=build-web-stage /build/web-amd64 /app/web

app/vmui/packages/vmui/package.json

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
     "classnames": "^2.5.1",
     "dayjs": "^1.11.20",
     "lodash.debounce": "^4.0.8",
-    "marked": "^17.0.5",
-    "preact": "^10.29.0",
-    "qs": "^6.15.0",
+    "marked": "^18.0.2",
+    "preact": "^10.29.1",
+    "qs": "^6.15.1",
     "react-input-mask": "^2.0.4",
-    "react-router-dom": "^7.13.2",
+    "react-router-dom": "^7.14.1",
     "uplot": "^1.6.32",
-    "vite": "^8.0.7",
-    "web-vitals": "^5.1.0"
+    "vite": "^8.0.8",
+    "web-vitals": "^5.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.5",
@@ -39,24 +39,24 @@
     "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^6.9.1",
     "@testing-library/preact": "^3.2.4",
     "@types/lodash.debounce": "^4.0.9",
-    "@types/node": "^25.5.0",
+    "@types/node": "^25.6.0",
     "@types/qs": "^6.15.0",
     "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
     "@types/react-input-mask": "^3.0.6",
     "@types/react-router-dom": "^5.3.3",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.57.2",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.57.2",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.58.2",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.58.2",
     "cross-env": "^10.1.0",
     "eslint": "^9.39.2",
     "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.37.5",
     "eslint-plugin-unused-imports": "^4.4.1",
-    "globals": "^17.4.0",
+    "globals": "^17.5.0",
     "http-proxy-middleware": "^3.0.5",
-    "jsdom": "^29.0.1",
-    "postcss": "^8.5.8",
-    "sass-embedded": "^1.98.0",
-    "typescript": "^5.9.3",
-    "vitest": "^4.1.1"
+    "jsdom": "^29.0.2",
+    "postcss": "^8.5.10",
+    "sass-embedded": "^1.99.0",
+    "typescript": "^6.0.2",
+    "vitest": "^4.1.4"
   },
   "browserslist": {
     "production": [

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/ExploreAlerts/BaseAlert/index.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useMemo } from "preact/compat";
 import "./style.scss";
-import { Alert as APIAlert } from "../../../types";
-import { createSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Alert as APIAlert, Group } from "../../../types";
+import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import Button from "../../Main/Button/Button";
 import Badges, { BadgeColor } from "../Badges";
 import { formatEventTime } from "../helpers";
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ import {
   SearchIcon,
 } from "../../Main/Icons";
 import CodeExample from "../../Main/CodeExample/CodeExample";
+import router from "../../../router";
 
 interface BaseAlertProps {
   item: APIAlert;
+  group?: Group;
 }
 
-const BaseAlert = ({ item }: BaseAlertProps) => {
+const BaseAlert = ({ item, group }: BaseAlertProps) => {
   const query = item?.expression;
   const alertLabels = item?.labels || {};
   const alertLabelsItems = useMemo(() => {
@@ -24,13 +26,19 @@ const BaseAlert = ({ item }: BaseAlertProps) => {
     }]));
   }, [alertLabels]);
 
-  const openQueryLink = () => {
-    const params = {
+  const queryLink = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!group?.interval) return;
+
+    const params = new URLSearchParams({
       "g0.expr": query,
-      "g0.end_time": ""
-    };
-    window.open(`#/?${createSearchParams(params).toString()}`, "_blank", "noopener noreferrer");
-  };
+      "g0.end_time": item.activeAt,
+      // Interval is the Group's evaluation interval in float seconds as present in the file. See: /app/vmalert/rule/web.go
+      "g0.step_input": `${group.interval}s`,
+      "g0.relative_time": "none",
+    });
+
+    return `${router.home}?${params.toString()}`;
+  }, [query, item.activeAt, group?.interval]);
 
   return (
     <div className="vm-explore-alerts-alert-item">
@@ -45,15 +53,22 @@ const BaseAlert = ({ item }: BaseAlertProps) => {
               style={{ "text-align": "end" }}
               colSpan={2}
             >
-              <Button
-                size="small"
-                variant="outlined"
-                color="gray"
-                startIcon={<SearchIcon />}
-                onClick={openQueryLink}
-              >
-                <span className="vm-button-text">Run query</span>
-              </Button>
+              {queryLink && (
+                <Link
+                  to={queryLink}
+                  target={"_blank"}
+                  rel="noreferrer"
+                >
+                  <Button
+                    size="small"
+                    variant="outlined"
+                    color="gray"
+                    startIcon={<SearchIcon />}
+                  >
+                    <span className="vm-button-text">Run query</span>
+                  </Button>
+                </Link>
+              )}
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/ExploreAlerts/BaseRule/index.tsx

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 import { useMemo } from "preact/compat";
 import "./style.scss";
-import { Rule as APIRule } from "../../../types";
-import { useNavigate, createSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Group, Rule as APIRule } from "../../../types";
+import { useNavigate, Link } from "react-router-dom";
 import { SearchIcon, DetailsIcon } from "../../Main/Icons";
 import Button from "../../Main/Button/Button";
 import Alert from "../../Main/Alert/Alert";
 import Badges, { BadgeColor } from "../Badges";
 import { formatDuration, formatEventTime } from "../helpers";
 import CodeExample from "../../Main/CodeExample/CodeExample";
+import router from "../../../router";
 
 interface BaseRuleProps {
   item: APIRule;
+  group?: Group;
 }
 
-const BaseRule = ({ item }: BaseRuleProps) => {
+const BaseRule = ({ item, group }: BaseRuleProps) => {
   const query = item?.query;
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const openAlertLink = (id: string) => {
@@ -33,13 +35,19 @@ const BaseRule = ({ item }: BaseRuleProps) => {
     }]));
   }, [ruleLabels]);
 
-  const openQueryLink = () => {
-    const params = {
+  const queryLink = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!group?.interval) return;
+
+    const params = new URLSearchParams({
       "g0.expr": query,
-      "g0.end_time": ""
-    };
-    window.open(`#/?${createSearchParams(params).toString()}`, "_blank", "noopener noreferrer");
-  };
+      "g0.end_time": item.lastEvaluation,
+      // Interval is the Group's evaluation interval in float seconds as present in the file. See: /app/vmalert/rule/web.go
+      "g0.step_input": `${group.interval}s`,
+      "g0.relative_time": "none",
+    });
+
+    return `${router.home}?${params.toString()}`;
+  }, [query, item.lastEvaluation, group?.interval]);
 
   return (
     <div className="vm-explore-alerts-rule-item">
@@ -54,15 +62,22 @@ const BaseRule = ({ item }: BaseRuleProps) => {
               style={{ "text-align": "end" }}
               colSpan={2}
             >
-              <Button
-                size="small"
-                variant="outlined"
-                color="gray"
-                startIcon={<SearchIcon />}
-                onClick={openQueryLink}
-              >
-                <span className="vm-button-text">Run query</span>
-              </Button>
+              {queryLink && (
+                <Link
+                  to={queryLink}
+                  target={"_blank"}
+                  rel="noreferrer"
+                >
+                  <Button
+                    size="small"
+                    variant="outlined"
+                    color="gray"
+                    startIcon={<SearchIcon />}
+                  >
+                    <span className="vm-button-text">Run query</span>
+                  </Button>
+                </Link>
+              )}
             </td>
           </tr>
           <tr>

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/ExploreAlerts/Rule/index.tsx

@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ import { FC } from "preact/compat";
 import ItemHeader from "../ItemHeader";
 import Accordion from "../../Main/Accordion/Accordion";
 import "./style.scss";
-import { Rule as APIRule } from "../../../types";
+import { Group, Rule as APIRule } from "../../../types";
 import BaseRule from "../BaseRule";
 
 interface RuleProps {
   states: Record<string, number>;
   rule: APIRule;
+  group: Group;
 }
 
-const Rule: FC<RuleProps> = ({ states, rule }) => {
+const Rule: FC<RuleProps> = ({ states, rule, group }) => {
   const state = Object.keys(states).length > 0 ? Object.keys(states)[0] : "ok";
   return (
     <div className={`vm-explore-alerts-rule vm-badge-item ${state.replace(" ", "-")}`}>
@@ -25,7 +26,10 @@ const Rule: FC<RuleProps> = ({ states, rule }) => {
           name={rule.name}
         />}
       >
-        <BaseRule item={rule} />
+        <BaseRule
+          item={rule}
+          group={group}
+        />
       </Accordion>
     </div>
   );

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/ExploreAlerts/RulesHeader/index.tsx

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ const RulesHeader = ({
             label="Rule type"
             placeholder="Please select rule type"
             onChange={onChangeRuleType}
-            autofocus={!!types.length && !isMobile}
             includeAll
             searchable
           />

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/components/ExploreAlerts/helpers.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const formatDuration = (raw: number) => {
 
 export const formatEventTime = (raw: string) => {
   const t = dayjs(raw);
-  return t.year() <= 1 ? "Never" : t.format("DD MMM YYYY HH:mm:ss");
+  return t.year() <= 1 ? "Never" : t.tz().format("DD MMM YYYY HH:mm:ss");
 };
 
 export const getStates = (rule: Rule) => {

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/pages/ExploreAlerts/ExploreAlert.tsx

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ import Spinner from "../../components/Main/Spinner/Spinner";
 import Alert from "../../components/Main/Alert/Alert";
 import { useFetchItem } from "./hooks/useFetchItem";
 import "./style.scss";
-import { Alert as APIAlert } from "../../types";
+import { Alert as APIAlert, Group as APIGroup } from "../../types";
 import ItemHeader from "../../components/ExploreAlerts/ItemHeader";
 import BaseAlert from "../../components/ExploreAlerts/BaseAlert";
 import Modal from "../../components/Main/Modal/Modal";
+import { useFetchGroup } from "./hooks/useFetchGroup";
 
 interface ExploreAlertProps {
   groupId: string;
@@ -17,10 +18,19 @@ interface ExploreAlertProps {
 const ExploreAlert = ({ groupId, id, mode, onClose }: ExploreAlertProps) => {
   const {
     item,
-    isLoading,
-    error,
+    isLoading: isLoadingItem,
+    error: errorItem,
   } = useFetchItem<APIAlert>({ groupId, id, mode });
 
+  const {
+    group,
+    isLoading: isLoadingGroup,
+    error: errorGroup,
+  } = useFetchGroup<APIGroup>({ id: groupId });
+
+  const error =  errorItem || errorGroup;
+  const isLoading = isLoadingItem || isLoadingGroup;
+
   if (isLoading) return (
     <Spinner />
   );
@@ -51,7 +61,12 @@ const ExploreAlert = ({ groupId, id, mode, onClose }: ExploreAlertProps) => {
       onClose={onClose}
     >
       <div className="vm-explore-alerts">
-        {item && (<BaseAlert item={item} />) || (
+        {item ? (
+          <BaseAlert
+            item={item}
+            group={group}
+          />
+        ) : (
           <Alert variant="info">{noItemFound}</Alert>
         )}
       </div>

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/pages/ExploreAlerts/ExploreRule.tsx

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ import Spinner from "../../components/Main/Spinner/Spinner";
 import Alert from "../../components/Main/Alert/Alert";
 import { useFetchItem } from "./hooks/useFetchItem";
 import "./style.scss";
-import { Rule as APIRule } from "../../types";
+import { Group as APIGroup, Rule as APIRule } from "../../types";
 import ItemHeader from "../../components/ExploreAlerts/ItemHeader";
 import BaseRule from "../../components/ExploreAlerts/BaseRule";
 import Modal from "../../components/Main/Modal/Modal";
 import { getStates } from "../../components/ExploreAlerts/helpers";
+import { useFetchGroup } from "./hooks/useFetchGroup";
 
 interface ExploreRuleProps {
   groupId: string;
@@ -18,10 +19,19 @@ interface ExploreRuleProps {
 const ExploreRule = ({ groupId, id, mode, onClose }: ExploreRuleProps) => {
   const {
     item,
-    isLoading,
-    error,
+    isLoading: isLoadingItem,
+    error: errorItem,
   } = useFetchItem<APIRule>({ groupId, id, mode });
 
+  const {
+    group,
+    isLoading: isLoadingGroup,
+    error: errorGroup,
+  } = useFetchGroup<APIGroup>({ id: groupId });
+
+  const error =  errorItem || errorGroup;
+  const isLoading = isLoadingItem || isLoadingGroup;
+
   if (isLoading) return (
     <Spinner />
   );
@@ -49,7 +59,12 @@ const ExploreRule = ({ groupId, id, mode, onClose }: ExploreRuleProps) => {
       onClose={onClose}
     >
       <div className="vm-explore-alerts">
-        {item && (<BaseRule item={item} />) || (
+        {item ? (
+          <BaseRule
+            item={item}
+            group={group}
+          />
+        ) : (
           <Alert variant="info">{noItemFound}</Alert>
         )}
       </div>

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/pages/ExploreAlerts/ExploreRules.tsx

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ const ExploreRules: FC = () => {
     newParams.set("page_num", "1");
     setSearchParams(newParams);
     const changes = getChanges(title, states);
-    setStates(changes.length == allStates.length ? [] : changes);
+    setStates(changes.length === allStates.length ? [] : changes);
   }, [states, searchParams]);
 
   const handleChangeRuleType = useCallback((title: string) => {
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ const ExploreRules: FC = () => {
                         <Rule
                           key={`rule-${rule.id}`}
                           rule={rule}
+                          group={group}
                           states={getStates(rule)}
                         />
                       ))}

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/utils/color.ts

@@ -1,47 +1,18 @@
 import { ArrayRGB } from "../types";
 
 export const baseContrastColors = [
-  "#e54040",
-  "#32a9dc",
-  "#2ee329",
-  "#7126a1",
-  "#e38f0f",
-  "#3d811a",
-  "#ffea00",
-  "#2d2d2d",
-  "#da42a6",
-  "#a44e0c",
+  "#e6194b", // red
+  "#4363d8", // blue
+  "#3cb44b", // green
+  "#911eb4", // purple
+  "#f58231", // orange
+  "#f032e6", // magenta
+  "#c8a200", // dark yellow
+  "#a65628", // brown
+  "#42d4f4", // cyan
+  "#a9a9a9", // gray
 ];
 
-export const hexToRGB = (hex: string): string => {
-  if (hex.length != 7) return "0, 0, 0";
-  const r = parseInt(hex.slice(1, 3), 16);
-  const g = parseInt(hex.slice(3, 5), 16);
-  const b = parseInt(hex.slice(5, 7), 16);
-  return `${r}, ${g}, ${b}`;
-};
-
-export const getColorFromString = (text: string): string => {
-  const SEED = 16777215;
-  const FACTOR = 49979693;
-
-  let b = 1;
-  let d = 0;
-  let f = 1;
-
-  if (text.length > 0) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-      text[i].charCodeAt(0) > d && (d = text[i].charCodeAt(0));
-      f = parseInt(String(SEED / d));
-      b = (b + text[i].charCodeAt(0) * f * FACTOR) % SEED;
-    }
-  }
-
-  let hex = ((b * text.length) % SEED).toString(16);
-  hex = hex.padEnd(6, hex);
-  return `#${hex}`;
-};
-
 export const getContrastColor = (value: string) => {
   let hex = value.replace("#", "").trim();
 
@@ -70,3 +41,109 @@ export const generateGradient = (start: ArrayRGB, end: ArrayRGB, steps: number)
   }
   return gradient.map(c => `rgb(${c})`);
 };
+
+const clamp = (n: number, min: number, max: number) => Math.min(max, Math.max(min, n));
+
+const hexToRgb = (hex: string) => {
+  let value = hex.replace("#", "").trim();
+
+  if (value.length === 3) {
+    value = value.split("").map((c) => c + c).join("");
+  }
+
+  if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(value)) {
+    throw new Error("Invalid HEX color.");
+  }
+
+  return {
+    r: parseInt(value.slice(0, 2), 16),
+    g: parseInt(value.slice(2, 4), 16),
+    b: parseInt(value.slice(4, 6), 16),
+  };
+};
+
+const rgbToHex = (r: number, g: number, b: number) =>
+  `#${[r, g, b].map((v) => clamp(Math.round(v), 0, 255).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("")}`;
+
+const rgbToHsl = (r: number, g: number, b: number) => {
+  r /= 255; g /= 255; b /= 255;
+  const max = Math.max(r, g, b);
+  const min = Math.min(r, g, b);
+  const l = (max + min) / 2;
+  const d = max - min;
+
+  let h = 0;
+  let s = 0;
+
+  if (d !== 0) {
+    s = d / (1 - Math.abs(2 * l - 1));
+
+    switch (max) {
+      case r: h = ((g - b) / d) % 6; break;
+      case g: h = (b - r) / d + 2; break;
+      case b: h = (r - g) / d + 4; break;
+    }
+
+    h *= 60;
+    if (h < 0) h += 360;
+  }
+
+  return { h, s: s * 100, l: l * 100 };
+};
+
+const hslToRgb = (h: number, s: number, l: number) => {
+  s /= 100;
+  l /= 100;
+
+  const c = (1 - Math.abs(2 * l - 1)) * s;
+  const x = c * (1 - Math.abs((h / 60) % 2 - 1));
+  const m = l - c / 2;
+
+  let r: number;
+  let g: number;
+  let b: number;
+
+  if (h < 60) [r, g, b] = [c, x, 0];
+  else if (h < 120) [r, g, b] = [x, c, 0];
+  else if (h < 180) [r, g, b] = [0, c, x];
+  else if (h < 240) [r, g, b] = [0, x, c];
+  else if (h < 300) [r, g, b] = [x, 0, c];
+  else [r, g, b] = [c, 0, x];
+
+  return {
+    r: (r + m) * 255,
+    g: (g + m) * 255,
+    b: (b + m) * 255,
+  };
+};
+
+const varyColor = (hex: string, variant: number) => {
+  const { r, g, b } = hexToRgb(hex);
+  const { h, s, l } = rgbToHsl(r, g, b);
+
+  const variants = [
+    { ds: 0,   dl: 0   },
+    { ds: -20, dl: -16 },
+    { ds: -16, dl: +16 },
+    { ds: +14, dl: -20  },
+  ];
+
+  const v = variants[variant % variants.length];
+
+  const nextS = clamp(s + v.ds, 35, 85);
+  const nextL = clamp(l + v.dl, 35, 70);
+
+  const rgb = hslToRgb(h, nextS, nextL);
+  return rgbToHex(rgb.r, rgb.g, rgb.b);
+};
+
+export const getSeriesColor = (index: number) => {
+  const baseCount = baseContrastColors.length;
+
+  const baseIndex = index % baseCount;
+  const variantIndex = Math.floor(index / baseCount);
+
+  const base = baseContrastColors[(baseIndex + variantIndex) % baseCount];
+
+  return varyColor(base, variantIndex);
+};

app/vmui/packages/vmui/src/utils/uplot/series.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { MetricBase, MetricResult } from "../../api/types";
 import uPlot, { Series as uPlotSeries } from "uplot";
 import { getNameForMetric, promValueToNumber } from "../metric";
 import { HideSeriesArgs, LegendItemType, SeriesItem } from "../../types";
-import { baseContrastColors, getColorFromString } from "../color";
+import { getSeriesColor } from "../color";
 import { getMathStats } from "../math";
 import { formatPrettyNumber } from "./helpers";
 import { drawPoints } from "./scatter";
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@ export const extractFields = (metric: MetricBase["metric"]): string => {
 
 export const getSeriesItemContext = (data: MetricResult[], hideSeries: string[], alias: string[], showPoints?: boolean, isRawQuery?: boolean) => {
   const colorState: {[key: string]: string} = {};
-  const maxColors = Math.min(data.length, baseContrastColors.length);
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < maxColors; i++) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
     const label = getNameForMetric(data[i], alias[data[i].group - 1]);
-    colorState[label] = baseContrastColors[i];
+    colorState[label] = getSeriesColor(i);
   }
 
   return (d: MetricResult): SeriesItem => {
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ export const getSeriesItemContext = (data: MetricResult[], hideSeries: string[],
       label,
       hasAlias: Boolean(aliasValue),
       width: 1.4,
-      stroke: colorState[label] || getColorFromString(label),
+      stroke: colorState[label],
       points: getPointsSeries(showPoints, isRawQuery),
       spanGaps: false,
       freeFormFields: d.metric,

app/vmui/packages/vmui/tsconfig.json

@@ -15,13 +15,12 @@
     "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
     "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
     "module": "esnext",
-    "moduleResolution": "node",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
     "resolveJsonModule": true,
     "isolatedModules": true,
     "noEmit": true,
     "jsx": "react-jsx",
     "jsxImportSource": "preact",
-    "downlevelIteration": true,
     "noUnusedLocals": true,
     "paths": {
       "react": ["./node_modules/preact/compat/"],
@@ -32,5 +31,8 @@
   },
   "include": [
     "src"
+  ],
+  "exclude": [
+    "scripts/**/*.ts"
   ]
 }

apptest/client.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package apptest
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -33,37 +34,41 @@ func (c *Client) CloseConnections() {
 	c.httpCli.CloseIdleConnections()
 }
 
-// Get sends a HTTP GET request, returns
+// Get sends an HTTP GET request, returns
 // the response body and status code to the caller.
-func (c *Client) Get(t *testing.T, url string) (string, int) {
+func (c *Client) Get(t *testing.T, url string, headers http.Header) (string, int) {
 	t.Helper()
-	return c.do(t, http.MethodGet, url, "", nil)
+	return c.do(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, headers)
 }
 
-// Post sends a HTTP POST request, returns
+// Post sends an HTTP POST request, returns
 // the response body and status code to the caller.
-func (c *Client) Post(t *testing.T, url, contentType string, data []byte) (string, int) {
+func (c *Client) Post(t *testing.T, url string, data []byte, headers http.Header) (string, int) {
 	t.Helper()
-	return c.do(t, http.MethodPost, url, contentType, data)
+	return c.do(t, http.MethodPost, url, data, headers)
 }
 
-// PostForm sends a HTTP POST request containing the POST-form data, returns
+// PostForm sends an HTTP POST request containing the POST-form data with attached getHeaders, returns
 // the response body and status code to the caller.
-func (c *Client) PostForm(t *testing.T, url string, data url.Values) (string, int) {
+func (c *Client) PostForm(t *testing.T, url string, data url.Values, headers http.Header) (string, int) {
 	t.Helper()
-	return c.Post(t, url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", []byte(data.Encode()))
+	if headers == nil {
+		headers = make(http.Header)
+	}
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	return c.Post(t, url, []byte(data.Encode()), headers)
 }
 
-// Delete sends a HTTP DELETE request and returns the response body and status code
+// Delete sends an HTTP DELETE request and returns the response body and status code
 // to the caller.
 func (c *Client) Delete(t *testing.T, url string) (string, int) {
 	t.Helper()
-	return c.do(t, http.MethodDelete, url, "", nil)
+	return c.do(t, http.MethodDelete, url, nil, nil)
 }
 
-// do prepares a HTTP request, sends it to the server, receives the response
+// do prepares an HTTP request, sends it to the server, receives the response
 // from the server, returns the response body and status code to the caller.
-func (c *Client) do(t *testing.T, method, url, contentType string, data []byte) (string, int) {
+func (c *Client) do(t *testing.T, method, url string, data []byte, headers http.Header) (string, int) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, bytes.NewReader(data))
@@ -71,9 +76,7 @@ func (c *Client) do(t *testing.T, method, url, contentType string, data []byte)
 		t.Fatalf("could not create a HTTP request: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if len(contentType) > 0 {
-		req.Header.Add("Content-Type", contentType)
-	}
+	req.Header = headers
 	res, err := c.httpCli.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("could not send HTTP request: %v", err)
@@ -103,6 +106,35 @@ func (c *Client) Write(t *testing.T, address string, data []string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// getClusterPath returns path in cluster's URL format.
+// Based on QueryOpts, it will either put tenant ID into URL
+// or will skip it if tenant is set via HTTP headers.
+func getClusterPath(addr, prefix, suffix string, o QueryOpts) string {
+	if o.Tenant != "" {
+		// QueryOpts.Tenant has priority over headers
+		return tenantViaURL(addr, prefix, o.Tenant, suffix)
+	}
+
+	h := o.getHeaders()
+	if h.Get("AccountID") != "" || h.Get("ProjectID") != "" {
+		return tenantViaHeaders(addr, prefix, suffix)
+	}
+
+	// tenant is missing in QueryOpts and in HTTP headers. Falling back to default 0:0 tenant in URL
+	return tenantViaURL(addr, prefix, "0:0", suffix)
+}
+
+// tenantViaURL returns path in cluster's URL format with tenant specified in URL
+func tenantViaURL(addr, prefix, tenant, suffix string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/%s/%s/%s", addr, prefix, tenant, suffix)
+}
+
+// tenantViaHeaders returns path in cluster's URL format where tenant is omitted in URL
+// Only supported if -enableMultitenancyViaHeaders is specified
+func tenantViaHeaders(addr, prefix, suffix string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/%s/%s", addr, prefix, suffix)
+}
+
 // readAllAndClose reads everything from the response body and then closes it.
 func readAllAndClose(t *testing.T, responseBody io.ReadCloser) string {
 	t.Helper()
@@ -135,7 +167,7 @@ func (app *ServesMetrics) GetIntMetric(t *testing.T, metricName string) int {
 func (app *ServesMetrics) GetMetric(t *testing.T, metricName string) float64 {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	metrics, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.metricsURL)
+	metrics, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.metricsURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}
@@ -161,7 +193,7 @@ func (app *ServesMetrics) GetMetricsByPrefix(t *testing.T, prefix string) []floa
 
 	values := []float64{}
 
-	metrics, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.metricsURL)
+	metrics, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.metricsURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}
@@ -190,7 +222,7 @@ func (app *ServesMetrics) GetMetricsByRegexp(t *testing.T, re *regexp.Regexp) []
 
 	values := []float64{}
 
-	metrics, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.metricsURL)
+	metrics, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.metricsURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}

apptest/model.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
@@ -89,6 +90,14 @@ type QueryOpts struct {
 	LatencyOffset  string
 	Format         string
 	NoCache        string
+	Headers        http.Header
+}
+
+func (qos *QueryOpts) getHeaders() http.Header {
+	if qos.Headers == nil {
+		qos.Headers = make(http.Header)
+	}
+	return qos.Headers
 }
 
 func (qos *QueryOpts) asURLValues() url.Values {
@@ -118,14 +127,6 @@ func (qos *QueryOpts) asURLValues() url.Values {
 	return uv
 }
 
-// getTenant returns tenant with optional default value
-func (qos *QueryOpts) getTenant() string {
-	if qos.Tenant == "" {
-		return "0"
-	}
-	return qos.Tenant
-}
-
 // PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse is an inmemory representation of the
 // /prometheus/api/v1/query or /prometheus/api/v1/query_range response.
 type PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse struct {

apptest/testcase.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -169,6 +170,18 @@ func (tc *TestCase) MustStartVmagent(instance string, flags []string, promScrape
 	return app
 }
 
+// MustStartDefaultRWVmagent is a test helper function that starts an instance of
+// vmagent with defaults suitable for remote-write tests.
+func (tc *TestCase) MustStartDefaultRWVmagent(instance string, flags []string) *Vmagent {
+	tc.t.Helper()
+
+	defaultFlags := []string{
+		"-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms",
+	}
+	defaultFlags = slices.Concat(defaultFlags, flags)
+	return tc.MustStartVmagent(instance, defaultFlags, ``)
+}
+
 // Vmcluster represents a typical cluster setup: several vmstorage replicas, one
 // vminsert, and one vmselect.
 //

apptest/tests/backup_restore_test.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ func TestSingleBackupRestore(t *testing.T) {
 			return tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
 				"-storageDataPath=" + storageDataPath,
 				"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+				"-futureRetention=2y",
 			})
 		},
 		stopSUT: func() {
@@ -60,11 +61,13 @@ func TestClusterBackupRestore(t *testing.T) {
 				Vmstorage1Flags: []string{
 					"-storageDataPath=" + storage1DataPath,
 					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=2y",
 				},
 				Vmstorage2Instance: "vmstorage2",
 				Vmstorage2Flags: []string{
 					"-storageDataPath=" + storage2DataPath,
 					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=2y",
 				},
 				VminsertInstance: "vminsert",
 				VminsertFlags:    []string{},
@@ -97,10 +100,16 @@ func TestClusterBackupRestore(t *testing.T) {
 func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 	t := tc.T()
 
-	genData := func(count int, prefix string, start, step int64) (recs []string, wantSeries []map[string]string, wantQueryResults []*apptest.QueryResult) {
-		recs = make([]string, count)
-		wantSeries = make([]map[string]string, count)
-		wantQueryResults = make([]*apptest.QueryResult, count)
+	type data struct {
+		samples          []string
+		wantSeries       []map[string]string
+		wantQueryResults []*apptest.QueryResult
+	}
+
+	genData := func(count int, prefix string, start, step int64) data {
+		recs := make([]string, count)
+		wantSeries := make([]map[string]string, count)
+		wantQueryResults := make([]*apptest.QueryResult, count)
 		for i := range count {
 			name := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%03d", prefix, i)
 			value := float64(i)
@@ -113,7 +122,15 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 				Samples: []*apptest.Sample{{Timestamp: timestamp, Value: value}},
 			}
 		}
-		return recs, wantSeries, wantQueryResults
+		return data{recs, wantSeries, wantQueryResults}
+	}
+
+	concatData := func(d1, d2 data) data {
+		var d data
+		d.samples = slices.Concat(d1.samples, d2.samples)
+		d.wantSeries = slices.Concat(d1.wantSeries, d2.wantSeries)
+		d.wantQueryResults = slices.Concat(d1.wantQueryResults, d2.wantQueryResults)
+		return d
 	}
 
 	backupBaseDir, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "backups"))
@@ -190,10 +207,20 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 	// Use the same number of metrics and time range for all the data ingestions
 	// below.
 	const numMetrics = 1000
-	// With 1000 metrics (one per minute), the time range spans 2 months.
 	start := time.Date(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
 	end := time.Date(2025, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
 	step := (end - start) / numMetrics
+	batch1 := genData(numMetrics, "batch1", start, step)
+	batch2 := genData(numMetrics, "batch2", start, step)
+	batches12 := concatData(batch1, batch2)
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	startFuture := time.Date(now.Year()+1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	endFuture := time.Date(now.Year()+1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC).UnixMilli()
+	stepFuture := (endFuture - startFuture) / numMetrics
+	batch1Future := genData(numMetrics, "batch1", startFuture, stepFuture)
+	batch2Future := genData(numMetrics, "batch2", startFuture, stepFuture)
+	batches12Future := concatData(batch1Future, batch2Future)
 
 	// Verify backup/restore:
 	//
@@ -207,24 +234,25 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 	// - Start vmsingle
 	// - Ensure that the queries return batch1 data only.
 
-	batch1Data, wantBatch1Series, wantBatch1QueryResults := genData(numMetrics, "batch1", start, step)
-	batch2Data, wantBatch2Series, wantBatch2QueryResults := genData(numMetrics, "batch2", start, step)
-	wantBatch12Series := slices.Concat(wantBatch1Series, wantBatch2Series)
-	wantBatch12QueryResults := slices.Concat(wantBatch1QueryResults, wantBatch2QueryResults)
-
 	sut := opts.startSUT()
 
-	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch1Data, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch1.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch1Future.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
 	sut.ForceFlush(t)
-	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, wantBatch1Series)
-	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, step, wantBatch1QueryResults)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, batch1.wantSeries)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, batch1Future.wantSeries)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, step, batch1.wantQueryResults)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, stepFuture, batch1Future.wantQueryResults)
 
 	createBackup(sut, "batch1")
 
-	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch2Data, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch2.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, batch2Future.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
 	sut.ForceFlush(t)
-	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, wantBatch12Series)
-	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, step, wantBatch12QueryResults)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, batches12.wantSeries)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, batches12Future.wantSeries)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, step, batches12.wantQueryResults)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, stepFuture, batches12Future.wantQueryResults)
 	createBackup(sut, "batch12")
 
 	opts.stopSUT()
@@ -233,6 +261,8 @@ func testBackupRestore(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testBackupRestoreOpts) {
 
 	sut = opts.startSUT()
 
-	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, wantBatch1Series)
-	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch1.*"}`, start, end, step, wantBatch1QueryResults)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, batch1.wantSeries)
+	assertSeries(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, batch1Future.wantSeries)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, start, end, step, batch1.wantQueryResults)
+	assertQueryResults(sut, `{__name__=~"batch(1|2).*"}`, startFuture, endFuture, stepFuture, batch1Future.wantQueryResults)
 }

apptest/tests/future_timestamps_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
+)
+
+func TestSingleFutureTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	opts := testFutureTimestampsOpts{
+		start: func() apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier {
+			return tc.MustStartVmsingle("vmsingle", []string{
+				"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmsingle"),
+				"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+				"-futureRetention=100y",
+			})
+		},
+		stop: func() {
+			tc.StopApp("vmsingle")
+		},
+	}
+
+	testFutureTimestamps(tc, opts)
+}
+
+func TestClusterFutureTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	opts := testFutureTimestampsOpts{
+		start: func() apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier {
+			return tc.MustStartCluster(&apptest.ClusterOptions{
+				Vmstorage1Instance: "vmstorage1",
+				Vmstorage1Flags: []string{
+					"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmstorage1"),
+					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=100y",
+				},
+				Vmstorage2Instance: "vmstorage2",
+				Vmstorage2Flags: []string{
+					"-storageDataPath=" + filepath.Join(tc.Dir(), "vmstorage2"),
+					"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+					"-futureRetention=100y",
+				},
+				VminsertInstance: "vminsert",
+				VminsertFlags:    []string{},
+				VmselectInstance: "vmselect",
+				VmselectFlags:    []string{},
+			})
+		},
+		stop: func() {
+			tc.StopApp("vminsert")
+			tc.StopApp("vmselect")
+			tc.StopApp("vmstorage1")
+			tc.StopApp("vmstorage2")
+		},
+	}
+
+	testFutureTimestamps(tc, opts)
+}
+
+type testFutureTimestampsOpts struct {
+	start func() apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier
+	stop  func()
+}
+
+func testFutureTimestamps(tc *apptest.TestCase, opts testFutureTimestampsOpts) {
+	t := tc.T()
+
+	// assertSeries retrieves set of all metric names from the storage and
+	// compares it with the expected set.
+	assertSeries := func(app apptest.PrometheusQuerier, prefix string, start, end int64, want []map[string]string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"metric_%s.*"}`, prefix)
+		tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+			Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/series response",
+			Got: func() any {
+				return app.PrometheusAPIV1Series(t, query, apptest.QueryOpts{
+					Start: fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+					End:   fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+				}).Sort()
+			},
+			Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data:   want,
+			},
+			FailNow: true,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// assertSeries retrieves all data from the storage and compares it with the
+	// expected result.
+	assertQueryResults := func(app apptest.PrometheusQuerier, prefix string, start, end, step int64, want []*apptest.QueryResult) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		query := fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=~"metric_%s.*"}`, prefix)
+		tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+			Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/query_range response",
+			Got: func() any {
+				return app.PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t, query, apptest.QueryOpts{
+					Start:       fmt.Sprintf("%d", start),
+					End:         fmt.Sprintf("%d", end),
+					Step:        fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step),
+					MaxLookback: fmt.Sprintf("%dms", step-1),
+					NoCache:     "1",
+				})
+			},
+			Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data: &apptest.QueryData{
+					ResultType: "matrix",
+					Result:     want,
+				},
+			},
+			FailNow: true,
+		})
+	}
+
+	f := func(prefix string, startTime, endTime time.Time, wantEmpty bool) {
+		const numMetrics = 1000
+		start := startTime.UnixMilli()
+		end := endTime.UnixMilli()
+		step := (end - start) / numMetrics
+		data := genFutureTimestampsData(prefix, numMetrics, start, step)
+		if wantEmpty {
+			data.wantSeries = []map[string]string{}
+			data.wantQueryResults = []*apptest.QueryResult{}
+		}
+
+		// Ingest data and check query results.
+		sut := opts.start()
+		sut.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, data.samples, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+		sut.ForceFlush(t)
+		assertSeries(sut, prefix, start, end, data.wantSeries)
+		assertQueryResults(sut, prefix, start, end, step, data.wantQueryResults)
+
+		// Ensure the queries work after restrart.
+		opts.stop()
+		sut = opts.start()
+		assertSeries(sut, prefix, start, end, data.wantSeries)
+		assertQueryResults(sut, prefix, start, end, step, data.wantQueryResults)
+
+		opts.stop()
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	retentionLimit := 100 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+	var start, end time.Time
+
+	start = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day()+1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day()+2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	f("future_1d", start, end, false)
+
+	start = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month()+1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end = time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month()+2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	f("future_1m", start, end, false)
+
+	start = time.Date(now.Year()+1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	end = time.Date(now.Year()+2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	f("future_1y", start, end, false)
+
+	start = now.Add(retentionLimit - 24*time.Hour)
+	end = now.Add(retentionLimit)
+	f("future_1d_before_limit", start, end, false)
+
+	start = now.Add(retentionLimit + time.Minute)
+	end = now.Add(retentionLimit + 24*time.Hour)
+	f("future_1d_beyond_limit", start, end, true)
+
+}
+
+type futureTimestampsData struct {
+	samples          []string
+	wantSeries       []map[string]string
+	wantQueryResults []*apptest.QueryResult
+}
+
+func genFutureTimestampsData(prefix string, numMetrics, start, step int64) futureTimestampsData {
+	samples := make([]string, numMetrics)
+	wantSeries := make([]map[string]string, numMetrics)
+	wantQueryResults := make([]*apptest.QueryResult, numMetrics)
+	for i := range numMetrics {
+		metricName := fmt.Sprintf("metric_%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		labelName := fmt.Sprintf("label_%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		labelValue := fmt.Sprintf("value_%s_%04d", prefix, i)
+		value := i
+		timestamp := start + i*step
+		samples[i] = fmt.Sprintf(`%s{%s="value", label="%s"} %d %d`, metricName, labelName, labelValue, value, timestamp)
+		wantSeries[i] = map[string]string{
+			"__name__": metricName,
+			labelName:  "value",
+			"label":    labelValue,
+		}
+		wantQueryResults[i] = &apptest.QueryResult{
+			Metric: map[string]string{
+				"__name__": metricName,
+				labelName:  "value",
+				"label":    labelValue,
+			},
+			Samples: []*apptest.Sample{{Timestamp: timestamp, Value: float64(value)}},
+		}
+	}
+	return futureTimestampsData{samples, wantSeries, wantQueryResults}
+}

apptest/tests/ingestprotocols_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
+	otlppb "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/opentelemetry/pb"
 )
 
 func TestSingleIngestionProtocols(t *testing.T) {
@@ -297,6 +298,231 @@ func TestSingleIngestionProtocols(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
+	// opentelemetry metrics protocol
+	tsNano := uint64(1707123456700 * 1e6) // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+	otlpData := otlppb.MetricsData{
+		ResourceMetrics: []*otlppb.ResourceMetrics{
+			{
+				Resource: &otlppb.Resource{
+					Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{
+						{
+							Key:   "foo",
+							Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{StringValue: new("bar")},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				ScopeMetrics: []*otlppb.ScopeMetrics{
+					{
+						Scope: &otlppb.InstrumentationScope{
+							Name:    new("otlp"),
+							Version: new("v1"),
+							Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{
+								{
+									Key:   "scope_attribute",
+									Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{IntValue: new(int64(100))},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						Metrics: []*otlppb.Metric{
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_gauge",
+								Gauge: &otlppb.Gauge{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.NumberDataPoint{
+										{IntValue: new(int64(10)), TimeUnixNano: tsNano},
+										{IntValue: new(int64(5)), TimeUnixNano: tsNano, Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{{Key: "bar", Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{StringValue: new("foo")}}}},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_counter",
+								Sum: &otlppb.Sum{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.NumberDataPoint{
+										{IntValue: new(int64(30)), TimeUnixNano: tsNano, Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{{Key: "bar", Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{StringValue: new("foo")}}}},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Scope: &otlppb.InstrumentationScope{
+							Name:    new("otlp2"),
+							Version: new("v2"),
+						},
+						Metrics: []*otlppb.Metric{
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_histogram",
+								Histogram: &otlppb.Histogram{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.HistogramDataPoint{
+										{
+											Count:          15,
+											Sum:            new(float64(100)),
+											ExplicitBounds: []float64{0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0},
+											BucketCounts:   []uint64{0, 5, 10, 0, 0},
+											TimeUnixNano:   tsNano,
+											Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{
+												{Key: "baz", Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{ArrayValue: &otlppb.ArrayValue{Values: []*otlppb.AnyValue{
+													{StringValue: new("foo")},
+													{IntValue: new(int64(100))},
+												}}}},
+											},
+										},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				ScopeMetrics: []*otlppb.ScopeMetrics{
+					{
+						Metrics: []*otlppb.Metric{
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_summary",
+								Summary: &otlppb.Summary{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.SummaryDataPoint{
+										{
+											Attributes:   []*otlppb.KeyValue{},
+											TimeUnixNano: tsNano,
+											Sum:          17.5,
+											Count:        2,
+											QuantileValues: []*otlppb.ValueAtQuantile{
+												{
+													Quantile: 0.1,
+													Value:    7.5,
+												},
+												{
+													Quantile: 0.5,
+													Value:    10.0,
+												},
+											},
+										},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	sut.OpentelemetryV1Metrics(t, otlpData, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	sut.ForceFlush(t)
+	f(sut, &opts{
+		query: `{__name__=~"otlp.+"}`,
+		wantMetrics: []map[string]string{
+			{
+				"__name__":                         "otlp_series_counter",
+				"foo":                              "bar",
+				"bar":                              "foo",
+				"scope.attributes.scope_attribute": "100",
+				"scope.name":                       "otlp",
+				"scope.version":                    "v1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":                         "otlp_series_gauge",
+				"foo":                              "bar",
+				"bar":                              "foo",
+				"scope.attributes.scope_attribute": "100",
+				"scope.name":                       "otlp",
+				"scope.version":                    "v1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":                         "otlp_series_gauge",
+				"foo":                              "bar",
+				"scope.attributes.scope_attribute": "100",
+				"scope.name":                       "otlp",
+				"scope.version":                    "v1",
+			},
+
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "+Inf",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "0.1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "0.5",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "5",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_count",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_sum",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary",
+				"quantile": "0.1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary",
+				"quantile": "0.5",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary_count",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary_sum",
+			},
+		},
+		wantSamples: []*apptest.Sample{
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 30},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 5},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 10},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 0},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 5},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 100},  // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 7.5},  // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 10},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 2},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 17.5}, // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+
+		},
+	})
+
 }
 
 func TestSingleCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {
@@ -718,6 +944,231 @@ func TestClusterIngestionProtocols(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
+	// opentelemetry metrics protocol
+	tsNano := uint64(1707123456700 * 1e6) // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+	otlpData := otlppb.MetricsData{
+		ResourceMetrics: []*otlppb.ResourceMetrics{
+			{
+				Resource: &otlppb.Resource{
+					Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{
+						{
+							Key:   "foo",
+							Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{StringValue: new("bar")},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				ScopeMetrics: []*otlppb.ScopeMetrics{
+					{
+						Scope: &otlppb.InstrumentationScope{
+							Name:    new("otlp"),
+							Version: new("v1"),
+							Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{
+								{
+									Key:   "scope_attribute",
+									Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{IntValue: new(int64(100))},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						Metrics: []*otlppb.Metric{
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_gauge",
+								Gauge: &otlppb.Gauge{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.NumberDataPoint{
+										{IntValue: new(int64(10)), TimeUnixNano: tsNano},
+										{IntValue: new(int64(5)), TimeUnixNano: tsNano, Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{{Key: "bar", Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{StringValue: new("foo")}}}},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_counter",
+								Sum: &otlppb.Sum{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.NumberDataPoint{
+										{IntValue: new(int64(30)), TimeUnixNano: tsNano, Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{{Key: "bar", Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{StringValue: new("foo")}}}},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Scope: &otlppb.InstrumentationScope{
+							Name:    new("otlp2"),
+							Version: new("v2"),
+						},
+						Metrics: []*otlppb.Metric{
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_histogram",
+								Histogram: &otlppb.Histogram{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.HistogramDataPoint{
+										{
+											Count:          15,
+											Sum:            new(float64(100)),
+											ExplicitBounds: []float64{0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0},
+											BucketCounts:   []uint64{0, 5, 10, 0, 0},
+											TimeUnixNano:   tsNano,
+											Attributes: []*otlppb.KeyValue{
+												{Key: "baz", Value: &otlppb.AnyValue{ArrayValue: &otlppb.ArrayValue{Values: []*otlppb.AnyValue{
+													{StringValue: new("foo")},
+													{IntValue: new(int64(100))},
+												}}}},
+											},
+										},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				ScopeMetrics: []*otlppb.ScopeMetrics{
+					{
+						Metrics: []*otlppb.Metric{
+							{
+								Name: "otlp_series_summary",
+								Summary: &otlppb.Summary{
+									DataPoints: []*otlppb.SummaryDataPoint{
+										{
+											Attributes:   []*otlppb.KeyValue{},
+											TimeUnixNano: tsNano,
+											Sum:          17.5,
+											Count:        2,
+											QuantileValues: []*otlppb.ValueAtQuantile{
+												{
+													Quantile: 0.1,
+													Value:    7.5,
+												},
+												{
+													Quantile: 0.5,
+													Value:    10.0,
+												},
+											},
+										},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	vminsert.OpentelemetryV1Metrics(t, otlpData, apptest.QueryOpts{})
+	vmstorage.ForceFlush(t)
+	f(&opts{
+		query: `{__name__=~"otlp.+"}`,
+		wantMetrics: []map[string]string{
+			{
+				"__name__":                         "otlp_series_counter",
+				"foo":                              "bar",
+				"bar":                              "foo",
+				"scope.attributes.scope_attribute": "100",
+				"scope.name":                       "otlp",
+				"scope.version":                    "v1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":                         "otlp_series_gauge",
+				"foo":                              "bar",
+				"bar":                              "foo",
+				"scope.attributes.scope_attribute": "100",
+				"scope.name":                       "otlp",
+				"scope.version":                    "v1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":                         "otlp_series_gauge",
+				"foo":                              "bar",
+				"scope.attributes.scope_attribute": "100",
+				"scope.name":                       "otlp",
+				"scope.version":                    "v1",
+			},
+
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "+Inf",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "0.1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "0.5",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_bucket",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+				"le":            "5",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_count",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__":      "otlp_series_histogram_sum",
+				"baz":           `["foo",100]`,
+				"foo":           "bar",
+				"scope.name":    "otlp2",
+				"scope.version": "v2",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary",
+				"quantile": "0.1",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary",
+				"quantile": "0.5",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary_count",
+			},
+			{
+				"__name__": "otlp_series_summary_sum",
+			},
+		},
+		wantSamples: []*apptest.Sample{
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 30},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 5},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 10},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 0},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 5},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 15},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 100},  // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 7.5},  // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 10},   // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 2},    // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+			{Timestamp: 1707123456700, Value: 17.5}, // 2024-02-05T08:57:36.700Z
+
+		},
+	})
+
 }
 
 func TestClusterCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {

apptest/tests/multitenancy_via_headers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
+)
+
+func TestClusterMultiTenantSelectViaHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	fs.MustRemoveDir(t.Name())
+
+	cmpOpt := cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{}, "Status", "Data.ResultType")
+	cmpSROpt := cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse{}, "Status", "IsPartial")
+
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+	vmstorage := tc.MustStartVmstorage("vmstorage", []string{
+		"-storageDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmstorage",
+		"-retentionPeriod=100y",
+	})
+	vminsert := tc.MustStartVminsert("vminsert", []string{
+		"-storageNode=" + vmstorage.VminsertAddr(),
+		"-enableMultitenancyViaHeaders",
+	})
+	vmselect := tc.MustStartVmselect("vmselect", []string{
+		"-storageNode=" + vmstorage.VmselectAddr(),
+		"-search.tenantCacheExpireDuration=0",
+		"-enableMultitenancyViaHeaders",
+	})
+
+	multitenant := make(http.Header)
+	multitenant.Set("AccountID", "multitenant")
+
+	// test for empty tenants request
+	got := vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Step:    "5m",
+		Time:    "2022-05-10T08:03:00.000Z",
+	})
+	want := apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, `{"data":{"result":[]}}`)
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// ingest per tenant data and verify it with search
+	samples := []string{
+		`foo_bar 1.00 1652169600000`, // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
+		`foo_bar 2.00 1652169660000`, // 2022-05-10T08:01:00Z
+		`foo_bar 3.00 1652169720000`, // 2022-05-10T08:02:00Z
+	}
+	tenantHeaders := []map[string]string{
+		{"AccountID": "1", "ProjectID": "1"},
+		{"AccountID": "1", "ProjectID": "15"},
+		{"AccountID": "2"},
+		{"ProjectID": "3"},
+	}
+	instantCT := "2022-05-10T08:05:00.000Z" // 1652169900 Unix seconds
+	for _, headers := range tenantHeaders {
+		h := make(http.Header)
+		for k, v := range headers {
+			h.Set(k, v)
+		}
+		vminsert.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, samples, apptest.QueryOpts{Headers: h})
+		vmstorage.ForceFlush(t)
+
+		// verify tenants are searchable via tenantID in headers
+		got := vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+			Headers: h, Time: instantCT,
+		})
+		want := apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, `{"data":{"result":[{"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]}]}}`)
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// verify all tenants searchable with multitenant header
+
+	//  /api/v1/query
+	want = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t,
+		`{"data":
+       {"result":[
+          {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar","vm_account_id":"0","vm_project_id":"3"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]},
+          {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar","vm_account_id":"1","vm_project_id": "1"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]},
+          {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar","vm_account_id":"1","vm_project_id":"15"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]},
+          {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar","vm_account_id":"2","vm_project_id":"0"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]}
+                 ]
+       }
+     }`,
+	)
+
+	got = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Time:    instantCT,
+	})
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// /api/v1/query_range aggregated by tenant labels
+	query := "sum(foo_bar) by(vm_account_id,vm_project_id)"
+	got = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t, query, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Start:   "2022-05-10T07:59:00.000Z",
+		End:     "2022-05-10T08:05:00.000Z",
+		Step:    "1m",
+	})
+
+	want = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t,
+		`{"data": 
+        {"result": [
+          {"metric": {"vm_account_id": "0","vm_project_id":"3"}, "values": [[1652169600,"1"],[1652169660,"2"],[1652169720,"3"],[1652169780,"3"]]},
+          {"metric": {"vm_account_id": "1","vm_project_id":"1"}, "values": [[1652169600,"1"],[1652169660,"2"],[1652169720,"3"],[1652169780,"3"]]},
+          {"metric": {"vm_account_id": "1","vm_project_id":"15"}, "values": [[1652169600,"1"],[1652169660,"2"],[1652169720,"3"],[1652169780,"3"]]},
+          {"metric": {"vm_account_id": "2","vm_project_id":"0"}, "values": [[1652169600,"1"],[1652169660,"2"],[1652169720,"3"],[1652169780,"3"]]}
+                   ]
+        }
+     }`)
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// verify /api/v1/series response
+
+	wantSR := apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse(t,
+		`{"data": [
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"1", "vm_project_id":"1"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"1", "vm_project_id":"15"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"2", "vm_project_id":"0"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"0", "vm_project_id":"3"}
+              ]
+     }`)
+	wantSR.Sort()
+
+	gotSR := vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Series(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Start:   "2022-05-10T08:03:00.000Z",
+	})
+	gotSR.Sort()
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(wantSR, gotSR, cmpSROpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// test ingestion with multitenant header, tenants must be populated from labels
+	//
+	var tenantLabelsSamples = []string{
+		`foo_bar{vm_account_id="5"} 1.00 1652169720000`,                    // 2022-05-10T08:02:00Z'
+		`foo_bar{vm_project_id="10"} 2.00 1652169660000`,                   // 2022-05-10T08:01:00Z
+		`foo_bar{vm_account_id="5",vm_project_id="15"} 3.00 1652169720000`, // 2022-05-10T08:02:00Z
+	}
+
+	vminsert.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, tenantLabelsSamples, apptest.QueryOpts{Headers: multitenant})
+	vmstorage.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	//  /api/v1/query with query filters
+	want = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t,
+		`{"data":
+        {"result":[
+	         {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar","vm_account_id":"5","vm_project_id": "0"},"value":[1652169900,"1"]},
+	         {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar","vm_account_id":"5","vm_project_id":"15"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]}
+	                ]
+        }
+    }`,
+	)
+	got = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, `foo_bar{vm_account_id="5"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Time:    instantCT,
+		Headers: multitenant,
+	})
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// /api/v1/series with extra_filters
+
+	wantSR = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse(t,
+		`{"data": [
+	       {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"5", "vm_project_id":"15"},
+	       {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"1", "vm_project_id":"15"}
+	             ]
+	   }`)
+	wantSR.Sort()
+	gotSR = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Series(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Start:        "2022-05-10T08:00:00.000Z",
+		End:          "2022-05-10T08:30:00.000Z",
+		ExtraFilters: []string{`{vm_project_id="15"}`},
+		Headers:      multitenant,
+	})
+	gotSR.Sort()
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(wantSR, gotSR, cmpSROpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// /api/v1/label/../value with extra_filters
+
+	wantVR := apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelValuesResponse(t,
+		`{"data": [
+	       "5"
+	             ]
+	   }`)
+	// matchQuery is ignored for /api/v1/label/<labelName>/values lookups with multitenant token
+	gotVR := vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1LabelValues(t, "vm_account_id", "xxx", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Start:        "2022-05-10T08:00:00.000Z",
+		End:          "2022-05-10T08:30:00.000Z",
+		ExtraFilters: []string{`{vm_account_id="5"}`},
+		Headers:      multitenant,
+	})
+	gotSR.Sort()
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(wantVR, gotVR, cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1LabelValuesResponse{}, "Status", "IsPartial")); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// Delete series from specific tenant
+	tenantID := make(http.Header)
+	tenantID.Set("AccountID", "5")
+	tenantID.Set("ProjectID", "15")
+	vmselect.APIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: tenantID,
+	})
+	wantSR = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse(t,
+		`{"data": [
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"0", "vm_project_id":"3"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"0", "vm_project_id":"10"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"1", "vm_project_id":"1"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"1", "vm_project_id":"15"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"2", "vm_project_id":"0"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"5", "vm_project_id":"0"}
+              ]
+     }`)
+	wantSR.Sort()
+
+	gotSR = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Series(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Start:   "2022-05-10T08:03:00.000Z",
+	})
+	gotSR.Sort()
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(wantSR, gotSR, cmpSROpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	// Delete series for multitenant with tenant filter
+	vmselect.APIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(t, `foo_bar{vm_account_id="1"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+	})
+
+	wantSR = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse(t,
+		`{"data": [
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"0", "vm_project_id":"3"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"0", "vm_project_id":"10"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"2", "vm_project_id":"0"},
+        {"__name__":"foo_bar", "vm_account_id":"5", "vm_project_id":"0"}
+              ]
+     }`)
+	wantSR.Sort()
+
+	gotSR = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Series(t, `foo_bar`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Start:   "2022-05-10T08:03:00.000Z",
+	})
+	gotSR.Sort()
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(wantSR, gotSR, cmpSROpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	if got := vmselect.GetIntMetric(t, `vm_cache_requests_total{type="multitenancy/tenants"}`); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected multitenancy tenants cache requests; got %d; want 0", got)
+	}
+
+	if got := vmselect.GetIntMetric(t, `vm_cache_misses_total{type="multitenancy/tenants"}`); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected multitenancy tenants cache misses; got %d; want 0", got)
+	}
+
+	if got := vmselect.GetIntMetric(t, `vm_cache_entries{type="multitenancy/tenants"}`); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected multitenancy tenants cache entries; got %d; want 0", got)
+	}
+
+	// verify that tenant in path has priority over tenant specified in headers
+
+	// /api/v1/import/prometheus
+
+	tenantInHeader := make(http.Header)
+	tenantInHeader.Set("AccountID", "42")
+	tenantInPath := "112"
+	vminsert.PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t, samples, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		// tenants in header and path clash - path should have higher priority on ingestion
+		Headers: tenantInHeader,
+		Tenant:  "112",
+	})
+	vmstorage.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	want = apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t,
+		`{"data":
+       {"result":[
+          {"metric":{"__name__":"foo_bar"},"value":[1652169900,"3"]}
+                 ]
+       }
+     }`,
+	)
+	got = vmselect.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, "foo_bar", apptest.QueryOpts{
+		// tenants in header and path clash - path should have higher priority on ingestion
+		Headers: multitenant,
+		Tenant:  tenantInPath,
+		Time:    instantCT,
+	})
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+}

apptest/tests/opentsdb_server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// openTSDBPoint is a single data point served by the mock OpenTSDB server.
+type openTSDBPoint struct {
+	Metric    string
+	Tags      map[string]string
+	Timestamp int64
+	Value     float64
+}
+
+// openTSDBMockServer implements the minimal subset of the OpenTSDB HTTP API
+// used by vmctl opentsdb: /api/suggest, /api/search/lookup, /api/query.
+type openTSDBMockServer struct {
+	server *httptest.Server
+	points []openTSDBPoint
+}
+
+// newOpenTSDBMockServer starts an httptest server serving the given points.
+func newOpenTSDBMockServer(t *testing.T, points []openTSDBPoint) *openTSDBMockServer {
+	t.Helper()
+	s := &openTSDBMockServer{points: points}
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/suggest", s.handleSuggest)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/search/lookup", s.handleLookup)
+	mux.HandleFunc("/api/query", s.handleQuery)
+	s.server = httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	return s
+}
+
+// close shuts down the server.
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) close() { s.server.Close() }
+
+// httpAddr returns the server URL.
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) httpAddr() string { return s.server.URL }
+
+// handleSuggest serves https://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/suggest.html
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) handleSuggest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q := r.URL.Query().Get("q")
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(s.points))
+	var out []string
+	for _, p := range s.points {
+		if seen[p.Metric] {
+			continue
+		}
+		if q != "" && !strings.Contains(p.Metric, q) {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[p.Metric] = true
+		out = append(out, p.Metric)
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(out)
+}
+
+// handleLookup serves https://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/search/lookup.html
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) handleLookup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	metric := r.URL.Query().Get("m")
+	type meta struct {
+		Metric string            `json:"metric"`
+		Tags   map[string]string `json:"tags"`
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(s.points))
+	var results []meta
+	for _, p := range s.points {
+		if p.Metric != metric {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := tagsKey(p.Tags)
+		if seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		results = append(results, meta{p.Metric, p.Tags})
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+		"type":    "LOOKUP",
+		"metric":  metric,
+		"results": results,
+	})
+}
+
+// handleQuery serves https://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/query/index.html
+func (s *openTSDBMockServer) handleQuery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	m := r.URL.Query().Get("m")
+	metric, tagFilter, ok := parseQuery(m)
+	if !ok {
+		http.Error(w, "bad query param", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	start, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.URL.Query().Get("start"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "bad start param", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	end, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.URL.Query().Get("end"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "bad end param", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	type resp struct {
+		Metric        string             `json:"metric"`
+		Tags          map[string]string  `json:"tags"`
+		AggregateTags []string           `json:"aggregateTags"`
+		Dps           map[string]float64 `json:"dps"`
+	}
+	grouped := make(map[string]*resp, len(s.points))
+	for _, p := range s.points {
+		if p.Metric != metric {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !matchTags(p.Tags, tagFilter) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if p.Timestamp < start || p.Timestamp > end {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := tagsKey(p.Tags)
+		if _, exists := grouped[key]; !exists {
+			grouped[key] = &resp{
+				Metric:        p.Metric,
+				Tags:          p.Tags,
+				AggregateTags: []string{},
+				Dps:           map[string]float64{},
+			}
+		}
+		grouped[key].Dps[fmt.Sprintf("%d", p.Timestamp)] = p.Value
+	}
+	out := make([]*resp, 0, len(grouped))
+	for _, v := range grouped {
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(out)
+}
+
+// parseQuery parses the OpenTSDB m= query parameter.
+// Format: "<agg>:<bucket>-<agg>-none:<metric>{k=v,k=v}"
+func parseQuery(m string) (string, map[string]string, bool) {
+	parts := strings.SplitN(m, ":", 3)
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+	metric, tagStr, _ := strings.Cut(parts[2], "{")
+	tags := make(map[string]string, 4)
+	tagStr = strings.TrimSuffix(tagStr, "}")
+	for _, kv := range strings.Split(tagStr, ",") {
+		if k, v, ok := strings.Cut(kv, "="); ok {
+			tags[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return metric, tags, true
+}
+
+func matchTags(got, filter map[string]string) bool {
+	for k, v := range filter {
+		if v == "*" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if got[k] != v {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func tagsKey(tags map[string]string) string {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(tags))
+	for k := range tags {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		parts = append(parts, k+"="+tags[k])
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+}

apptest/tests/vmagent_remotewrite_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
 )
 
 // TestSingleVMAgentReloadConfigs verifies that vmagent reload new configurations on SIGHUP signal
@@ -29,13 +30,12 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentReloadConfigs(t *testing.T) {
 	relabelFilePath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", t.TempDir(), "relabel_config.yaml")
 	fs.MustWriteSync(relabelFilePath, []byte(relabelingRules))
 
-	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent", []string{
 		`-remoteWrite.forcePromProto=true`,
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=http://%s/api/v1/write`, vmsingle.HTTPAddr()),
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.urlRelabelConfig=%s`, relabelFilePath),
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	checkResponse := func(query, expResponse string) {
 		t.Helper()
@@ -131,12 +131,11 @@ func testSingleVMAgentRemoteWrite(t *testing.T, forcePromProto bool) {
 
 	vmsingle := tc.MustStartDefaultVmsingle()
 
-	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent", []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.forcePromProto=%v`, forcePromProto),
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=http://%s/api/v1/write`, vmsingle.HTTPAddr()),
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
 		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
@@ -180,12 +179,11 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentUnsupportedMediaTypeDropIfSnappy(t *testing.T) {
 	}))
 	defer remoteWriteSrv.Close()
 
-	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent", []string{
 		`-remoteWrite.forcePromProto=true`,
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheusNoWaitFlush(t, []string{
 		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
@@ -244,11 +242,10 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentDowngradeRemoteWriteProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	}))
 	defer remoteWriteSrv.Close()
 
-	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent", []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	// Send request encoded with `zstd`; it fails, gets repacked as `snappy`, and retries successfully.
 	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
@@ -293,8 +290,7 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentDropOnOverload(t *testing.T) {
 	}))
 	defer remoteWriteSrv2.Close()
 
-	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent", []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv2.URL),
 		"-remoteWrite.disableOnDiskQueue=true",
@@ -310,7 +306,7 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentDropOnOverload(t *testing.T) {
 		// It improves the test stability on resource-constrained runners.
 		// Should be bigger than retries * period
 		"-remoteWrite.retryMinInterval=3s",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	const (
 		retries = 20
@@ -396,13 +392,12 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 	defer remoteWriteSrv.Close()
 
 	// Verify hourly limit is applied
-	vmagent := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent-hourly", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent-hourly", []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
 		"-remoteWrite.maxRowsPerBlock=1",
 		"-remoteWrite.maxHourlySeries=1",
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent-hourly",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
 		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
@@ -431,13 +426,12 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	// Daily limits
-	vmagent2 := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent-daily", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent2 := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent-daily", []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
 		"-remoteWrite.maxRowsPerBlock=1",
 		"-remoteWrite.maxDailySeries=1",
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent-daily",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	vmagent2.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
 		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
@@ -466,14 +460,13 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	// test running with unlimited tracker
-	vmagent3 := tc.MustStartVmagent("vmagent-unlimited", []string{
-		`-remoteWrite.flushInterval=50ms`,
+	vmagent3 := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent-unlimited", []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
 		"-remoteWrite.maxRowsPerBlock=10",
 		"-remoteWrite.maxDailySeries=-1",
 		"-remoteWrite.maxHourlySeries=-1",
 		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent-unlimited",
-	}, ``)
+	})
 
 	metrics := make([]string, 0, 100)
 	for i := range 100 {
@@ -512,3 +505,139 @@ func TestSingleVMAgentCardinalityLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected vmagent_daily_series_limit_rows_dropped_total value: %d", v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClusterVMAgentForwardMetricsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	sut := tc.MustStartDefaultCluster()
+
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent", []string{
+		`-remoteWrite.forcePromProto=true`,
+		`-enableMultitenantHandlers=true`,
+		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent",
+		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=http://%s/insert/multitenant/prometheus/api/v1/write`, sut.Vminsert.HTTPAddr()),
+	})
+
+	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet := prompb.WriteRequest{
+		Metadata: []prompb.MetricMetadata{
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_4", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary, AccountID: 100},
+		},
+	}
+	vmagent.PrometheusAPIV1Write(t, prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "multitenant"})
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			return sut.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, ``, -1, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "100:0"})
+		},
+		Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{
+				"metric_name_4": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet = prompb.WriteRequest{
+		Metadata: []prompb.MetricMetadata{
+			{MetricFamilyName: "metric_name_6", Help: "some help message", Type: prompb.MetricTypeSummary, AccountID: 100},
+		},
+	}
+	// enforce tenant from request uri /insert/tenant_id/prometheus/api/v1/write
+	vmagent.PrometheusAPIV1Write(t, prometheusRemoteWriteDataSet, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "500:500"})
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			return sut.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, ``, -1, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "500:500"})
+		},
+		Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{
+				"metric_name_6": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Msg: "unexpected /api/v1/metadata response",
+		Got: func() any {
+			return sut.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, ``, -1, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "multitenant"})
+		},
+		Want: &apptest.PrometheusAPIV1Metadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Data: map[string][]apptest.MetadataEntry{
+				"metric_name_4": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+				"metric_name_6": {{Help: "some help message", Type: "summary"}},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+}
+
+// See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#multitenancy
+func TestSingleVMAgentMultitenancy(t *testing.T) {
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	remoteWriteSrv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}))
+	defer remoteWriteSrv.Close()
+
+	vmagent := tc.MustStartDefaultRWVmagent("vmagent-multitenancy", []string{
+		fmt.Sprintf(`-remoteWrite.url=%s/api/v1/write`, remoteWriteSrv.URL),
+		"-remoteWrite.tmpDataPath=" + tc.Dir() + "/vmagent-multitenancy",
+		"-enableMultitenantHandlers",
+		"-enableMultitenancyViaHeaders",
+	})
+
+	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
+		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
+	}, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "2"})
+	v := vmagent.GetIntMetric(t, `vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total{type="prometheus",accountID="2",projectID="0"}`)
+	if v != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total to have value 1 for accountID=2")
+	}
+
+	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
+		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
+	}, apptest.QueryOpts{Tenant: "2:2"})
+	v = vmagent.GetIntMetric(t, `vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total{type="prometheus",accountID="2",projectID="2"}`)
+	if v != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total to have value 1 for accountID=2, projectID=2")
+	}
+
+	headers := make(http.Header)
+	headers.Set("AccountID", "3")
+	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
+		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
+	}, apptest.QueryOpts{Headers: headers})
+	v = vmagent.GetIntMetric(t, `vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total{type="prometheus",accountID="3",projectID="0"}`)
+	if v != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total to have value 1 for accountID=3, projectID=0")
+	}
+
+	headers.Set("AccountID", "3")
+	headers.Set("ProjectID", "3")
+	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
+		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
+	}, apptest.QueryOpts{Headers: headers})
+	v = vmagent.GetIntMetric(t, `vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total{type="prometheus",accountID="3",projectID="3"}`)
+	if v != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total to have value 1 for accountID=3, projectID=3")
+	}
+
+	// tenants in header and path clash - path should have higher priority on ingestion
+	opts := apptest.QueryOpts{Headers: make(http.Header)}
+	opts.Headers.Set("AccountID", "4")
+	opts.Tenant = "5"
+	vmagent.APIV1ImportPrometheus(t, []string{
+		"foo_bar 1 1652169600000", // 2022-05-10T08:00:00Z
+	}, opts)
+	v = vmagent.GetIntMetric(t, `vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total{type="prometheus",accountID="5",projectID="0"}`)
+	if v != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vmagent_tenant_inserted_rows_total to have value 1 for accountID=5, projectID=0")
+	}
+}

apptest/tests/vmctl_opentsdb_migration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/apptest"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/fs"
+)
+
+func TestSingleVmctlOpenTSDBProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	fs.MustRemoveDir(t.Name())
+
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	vmsingleDst := tc.MustStartDefaultVmsingle()
+	vmAddr := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/", vmsingleDst.HTTPAddr())
+
+	// Generate 60 points at 1-minute intervals starting 2 hours ago.
+	// This ensures data falls within vmctl's default query window (now - retention).
+	baseTS := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour).Truncate(time.Minute).Unix()
+	points := make([]openTSDBPoint, 0, 60)
+	for i := range 60 {
+		points = append(points, openTSDBPoint{
+			Metric:    "test.cpu",
+			Tags:      map[string]string{"host": "h1", "env": "prod"},
+			Timestamp: baseTS + int64(i*60),
+			Value:     float64(i),
+		})
+	}
+
+	otsdb := newOpenTSDBMockServer(t, points)
+	defer otsdb.close()
+
+	vmctlFlags := []string{
+		`opentsdb`,
+		`--otsdb-addr=` + otsdb.httpAddr(),
+		`--vm-addr=` + vmAddr,
+		`--otsdb-retentions=ssum-1m-avg:1d:1d`,
+		`--otsdb-filters=test`,
+		`--otsdb-normalize`,
+		`--disable-progress-bar=true`,
+		`-s`,
+	}
+
+	testOpenTSDBProtocol(tc, vmsingleDst, vmctlFlags, points, "test_cpu", baseTS)
+}
+
+func TestClusterVmctlOpenTSDBProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	fs.MustRemoveDir(t.Name())
+
+	tc := apptest.NewTestCase(t)
+	defer tc.Stop()
+
+	cluster := tc.MustStartDefaultCluster()
+	vmAddr := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/", cluster.Vminsert.HTTPAddr())
+
+	// Generate 60 points at 1-minute intervals starting 2 hours ago.
+	baseTS := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour).Truncate(time.Minute).Unix()
+	points := make([]openTSDBPoint, 0, 60)
+	for i := range 60 {
+		points = append(points, openTSDBPoint{
+			Metric:    "test.mem",
+			Tags:      map[string]string{"host": "h1"},
+			Timestamp: baseTS + int64(i*60),
+			Value:     float64(i * 2),
+		})
+	}
+
+	otsdb := newOpenTSDBMockServer(t, points)
+	defer otsdb.close()
+
+	vmctlFlags := []string{
+		`opentsdb`,
+		`--otsdb-addr=` + otsdb.httpAddr(),
+		`--vm-addr=` + vmAddr,
+		`--otsdb-retentions=sum-1m-avg:1d:1d`,
+		`--otsdb-filters=test`,
+		`--otsdb-normalize`,
+		`--disable-progress-bar=true`,
+		`--vm-account-id=0`,
+		`-s`,
+	}
+
+	testOpenTSDBProtocol(tc, cluster, vmctlFlags, points, "test_mem", baseTS)
+}
+
+func testOpenTSDBProtocol(
+	tc *apptest.TestCase,
+	queries apptest.PrometheusWriteQuerier,
+	vmctlFlags []string,
+	points []openTSDBPoint,
+	vmMetricName string,
+	baseTS int64,
+) {
+	t := tc.T()
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Build dynamic time range covering all data points with 1-hour padding.
+	queryStart := time.Unix(baseTS-3600, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+	queryEnd := time.Unix(baseTS+7200, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+
+	cmpOpt := cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{}, "Status", "Data.ResultType")
+
+	got := queries.PrometheusAPIV1Query(t, `{__name__=~".*"}`, apptest.QueryOpts{
+		Step: "5m",
+		Time: queryStart,
+	})
+	want := apptest.NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, `{"data":{"result":[]}}`)
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, cmpOpt); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected response (-want, +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+
+	tc.MustStartVmctl("vmctl", vmctlFlags)
+	queries.ForceFlush(t)
+
+	expected := buildExpectedOpenTSDBResult(points, vmMetricName)
+
+	tc.Assert(&apptest.AssertOptions{
+		Retries: 300,
+		Msg:     `unexpected metrics stored via opentsdb protocol`,
+		Got: func() any {
+			r := queries.PrometheusAPIV1Export(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{__name__=%q}`, vmMetricName), apptest.QueryOpts{
+				Start: queryStart,
+				End:   queryEnd,
+			})
+			r.Sort()
+			return r.Data.Result
+		},
+		Want: expected,
+		CmpOpts: []cmp.Option{
+			cmpopts.IgnoreFields(apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{}, "Status", "Data.ResultType"),
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func buildExpectedOpenTSDBResult(points []openTSDBPoint, vmMetricName string) []*apptest.QueryResult {
+	grouped := map[string]*apptest.QueryResult{}
+	for _, p := range points {
+		metric := map[string]string{"__name__": vmMetricName}
+		for k, v := range p.Tags {
+			metric[k] = v
+		}
+		key := tagsKey(metric)
+		if _, ok := grouped[key]; !ok {
+			grouped[key] = &apptest.QueryResult{Metric: metric}
+		}
+		grouped[key].Samples = append(grouped[key].Samples, &apptest.Sample{
+			Timestamp: p.Timestamp * 1000,
+			Value:     p.Value,
+		})
+	}
+	out := make([]*apptest.QueryResult, 0, len(grouped))
+	for _, v := range grouped {
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	resp := apptest.PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse{
+		Data: &apptest.QueryData{Result: out},
+	}
+	resp.Sort()
+	return resp.Data.Result
+}

apptest/vmagent.go

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prommetadata"
+	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 )
 
 // Vmagent holds the state of a vmagent app and provides vmagent-specific functions
@@ -17,8 +21,7 @@ type Vmagent struct {
 	*app
 	*ServesMetrics
 
-	httpListenAddr           string
-	apiV1ImportPrometheusURL string
+	httpListenAddr string
 }
 
 // StartVmagent starts an instance of vmagent with the given flags. It also
@@ -48,8 +51,7 @@ func StartVmagent(instance string, flags []string, cli *Client, promScrapeConfig
 			metricsURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", stderrExtracts[0]),
 			cli:        cli,
 		},
-		httpListenAddr:           stderrExtracts[0],
-		apiV1ImportPrometheusURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/api/v1/import/prometheus", stderrExtracts[0]),
+		httpListenAddr: stderrExtracts[0],
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -76,16 +78,39 @@ func (app *Vmagent) APIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []string, opts Q
 // Flushing may still be in progress on the function return.
 //
 // See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/url-examples/#apiv1importprometheus
-func (app *Vmagent) APIV1ImportPrometheusNoWaitFlush(t *testing.T, records []string, _ QueryOpts) {
+func (app *Vmagent) APIV1ImportPrometheusNoWaitFlush(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.apiV1ImportPrometheusURL, "text/plain", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+	url := getVMAgentInsertPath(app.httpListenAddr, "prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus", opts)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
 }
 
+// getVMAgentInsertPath returns URL path for writes.
+// If tenant is set in QueryOpts, it will return cluster-like path for ingestion.
+// If tenant is empty, it will return single-node (no tenants) path.
+func getVMAgentInsertPath(addr, suffix string, o QueryOpts) string {
+	if o.Tenant != "" {
+		// QueryOpts.Tenant has priority over headers
+		return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/%s", addr, o.Tenant, suffix)
+	}
+
+	h := o.getHeaders()
+	if h.Get("AccountID") != "" || h.Get("ProjectID") != "" {
+		// vmagent supports tenantID in HTTP headers only if -enableMultitenantHandlers and -enableMultitenancyViaHeaders are set
+		// see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#multitenancy
+		return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s", addr, suffix)
+	}
+
+	// tenant is missing in QueryOpts and in HTTP headers. Use single-node (no tenants) path
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/%s", addr, suffix)
+}
+
 // RemoteWriteRequestsRetriesCountTotal sums up the total retries for remote write requests.
 func (app *Vmagent) RemoteWriteRequestsRetriesCountTotal(t *testing.T) int {
 	total := 0.0
@@ -156,6 +181,28 @@ func (app *Vmagent) ReloadRelabelConfigs(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Fatalf("relabel configs were not reloaded after SIGHUP signal; previous total: %f, current total: %f", prevTotal, currTotal)
 }
 
+// PrometheusAPIV1Write is a test helper function that inserts a
+// collection of records in Prometheus remote-write format by sending a HTTP
+// POST request to /prometheus/api/v1/write vmagent endpoint.
+func (app *Vmagent) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest, opts QueryOpts) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	url := getVMAgentInsertPath(app.httpListenAddr, "prometheus/api/v1/write", opts)
+	data := snappy.Encode(nil, wr.MarshalProtobuf(nil))
+	recordsCount := len(wr.Timeseries)
+	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
+		recordsCount += len(wr.Metadata)
+	}
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+	app.sendBlocking(t, recordsCount, func() {
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
+		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // HTTPAddr returns the address at which the vmagent process is listening
 // for http connections.
 func (app *Vmagent) HTTPAddr() string {
@@ -174,16 +221,22 @@ func (app *Vmagent) HTTPAddr() string {
 // If it is, then the data has been sent to vmstorage.
 //
 // Unreliable if the records are inserted concurrently.
-func (app *Vmagent) sendBlocking(t *testing.T, numRecordsToSend int, send func()) {
+func (app *Vmagent) sendBlocking(t *testing.T, _ int, send func()) {
 	t.Helper()
 
+	currRowsSentCount := app.remoteWriteRequestsTotal(t)
+
 	send()
 
 	const (
 		retries = 20
 		period  = 100 * time.Millisecond
 	)
-	wantRowsSentCount := app.remoteWriteRequestsTotal(t) + numRecordsToSend
+	// TODO: properly account wantRowsSentCount
+	// currently vmagent doesn't expose per time-series write information
+	// so we can only account number of blocks sent via remote write protocol
+	// it should be suitable for tests purpose
+	wantRowsSentCount := currRowsSentCount + 1
 	for range retries {
 		if app.remoteWriteRequestsTotal(t) >= wantRowsSentCount {
 			return

apptest/vminsert.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prommetadata"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
+	otlppb "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/opentelemetry/pb"
 )
 
 // Vminsert holds the state of a vminsert app and provides vminsert-specific
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) HTTPAddr() string {
 func (app *Vminsert) InfluxWrite(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/influx/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "influx/write", opts)
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -114,8 +115,10 @@ func (app *Vminsert) InfluxWrite(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts)
 	}
 
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, len(records), func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 		}
@@ -139,15 +142,17 @@ func (app *Vminsert) GraphiteWrite(t *testing.T, records []string, _ QueryOpts)
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportCSV(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/csv", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "prometheus/api/v1/import/csv", opts)
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, len(records), func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 		}
@@ -162,14 +167,16 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportCSV(t *testing.T, records []string, op
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportNative(t *testing.T, data []byte, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/native", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "prometheus/api/v1/import/native", opts)
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, 1, func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 		}
@@ -184,15 +191,17 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportNative(t *testing.T, data []byte, opts
 func (app *Vminsert) OpenTSDBAPIPut(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/opentsdb/api/put", app.openTSDBListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.openTSDBListenAddr, "insert", "opentsdb/api/put", opts)
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
 	data := []byte("[" + strings.Join(records, ",") + "]")
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, len(records), func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "application/json", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 		}
@@ -205,14 +214,16 @@ func (app *Vminsert) OpenTSDBAPIPut(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOp
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/write", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "prometheus/api/v1/write", opts)
 	data := snappy.Encode(nil, wr.MarshalProtobuf(nil))
 	recordsCount := len(wr.Timeseries)
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
 		recordsCount += len(wr.Metadata)
 	}
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, recordsCount, func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "application/x-protobuf", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 		}
@@ -228,7 +239,7 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest,
 func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus", opts)
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
@@ -261,8 +272,10 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []str
 	if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
 		recordsCount += metadataRecords
 	}
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, recordsCount, func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 		}
@@ -275,15 +288,17 @@ func (app *Vminsert) PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []str
 func (app *Vminsert) ZabbixConnectorHistory(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/insert/%s/zabbixconnector/api/v1/history", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "zabbixconnector/api/v1/history", opts)
 	uv := opts.asURLValues()
 	uvs := uv.Encode()
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	app.sendBlocking(t, len(records), func() {
-		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "application/json", data)
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 		if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 		}
@@ -291,6 +306,40 @@ func (app *Vminsert) ZabbixConnectorHistory(t *testing.T, records []string, opts
 
 }
 
+// OpentelemetryV1Metrics is a test helper function that inserts a
+// collection of records in Opentelemetry protocol format by sending a HTTP
+// POST request to /opentelemetry/v1/metrics vminsert endpoint.
+func (app *Vminsert) OpentelemetryV1Metrics(t *testing.T, md otlppb.MetricsData, opts QueryOpts) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var recordsCount int
+	for _, rss := range md.ResourceMetrics {
+		for _, sm := range rss.ScopeMetrics {
+			recordsCount += len(sm.Metrics)
+			for _, m := range sm.Metrics {
+				if prommetadata.IsEnabled() {
+					recordsCount += len(m.Metadata)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "insert", "opentelemetry/v1/metrics", opts)
+	uv := opts.asURLValues()
+	uvs := uv.Encode()
+	if len(uvs) > 0 {
+		url += "?" + uvs
+	}
+	data := md.MarshalProtobuf(nil)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+	app.sendBlocking(t, recordsCount, func() {
+		_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
+		if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // String returns the string representation of the vminsert app state.
 func (app *Vminsert) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("{app: %s httpListenAddr: %q}", app.app, app.httpListenAddr)

apptest/vmselect.go

@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) HTTPAddr() string {
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Export(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	exportURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/export", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	exportURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/export", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", query)
 	values.Add("format", "promapi")
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, exportURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, exportURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Export(t *testing.T, query string, opts Quer
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1ExportNative(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) []byte {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	exportURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/export/native", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	exportURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/export/native", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", query)
 	values.Add("format", "promapi")
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, exportURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, exportURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return []byte(res)
 }
 
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1ExportNative(t *testing.T, query string, opt
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Query(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/query", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/query", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("query", query)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Query(t *testing.T, query string, opts Query
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t *testing.T, query string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/query_range", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/query_range", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("query", query)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t *testing.T, query string, opts
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Series(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/series", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	seriesURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/series", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Series(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts
 func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCount(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) *PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCountResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/series/count", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	seriesURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/series/count", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesCountResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Labels(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts
 
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/labels", opts)
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/labels", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelsResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -181,9 +181,10 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1LabelValues(t *testing.T, labelName, matchQu
 
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/label/%s/values", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant(), labelName)
+	suffix := fmt.Sprintf("prometheus/api/v1/label/%s/values", labelName)
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", suffix, opts)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelValuesResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -195,9 +196,9 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t *testing.T, metric string, limit
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("metric", metric)
 	values.Add("limit", strconv.Itoa(limit))
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/metadata", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/metadata", opts)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -208,11 +209,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t *testing.T, metric string, limit
 func (app *Vmselect) APIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/delete/%s/prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "delete", "prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent, res)
 	}
@@ -229,9 +230,9 @@ func (app *Vmselect) MetricNamesStats(t *testing.T, limit, le, matchPattern stri
 	values.Add("limit", limit)
 	values.Add("le", le)
 	values.Add("match_pattern", matchPattern)
-	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/status/metric_names_stats", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	queryURL := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/status/metric_names_stats", opts)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) MetricNamesStatsReset(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) {
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/admin/api/v1/admin/status/metric_names_stats/reset", app.httpListenAddr)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent, res)
 	}
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) MetricNamesStatsReset(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) {
 func (app *Vmselect) APIV1StatusTSDB(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, date string, topN string, opts QueryOpts) TSDBStatusResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/prometheus/api/v1/status/tsdb", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "prometheus/api/v1/status/tsdb", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	addNonEmpty := func(name, value string) {
 		if len(value) == 0 {
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) APIV1StatusTSDB(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, date strin
 	addNonEmpty("topN", topN)
 	addNonEmpty("date", date)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}
@@ -294,8 +295,8 @@ func (app *Vmselect) APIV1StatusTSDB(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, date strin
 func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteMetricsIndex(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) GraphiteMetricsIndexResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/metrics/index.json", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, seriesURL)
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "graphite/metrics/index.json", opts)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, url, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}
@@ -313,11 +314,11 @@ func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteMetricsIndex(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) Graphite
 func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteTagsTagSeries(t *testing.T, record string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/tags/tagSeries", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "graphite/tags/tagSeries", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("path", record)
 
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values, opts.Headers)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusNotImplemented; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", got, want)
 	}
@@ -326,13 +327,13 @@ func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteTagsTagSeries(t *testing.T, record string, opts Que
 func (app *Vmselect) GraphiteTagsTagMultiSeries(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/select/%s/graphite/tags/tagMultiSeries", app.httpListenAddr, opts.getTenant())
+	url := getClusterPath(app.httpListenAddr, "select", "graphite/tags/tagMultiSeries", opts)
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	for _, rec := range records {
 		values.Add("path", rec)
 	}
 
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values, opts.Headers)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusNotImplemented; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", got, want)
 	}
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ func (app *Vmselect) APIV1AdminTenants(t *testing.T) *AdminTenantsResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	tenantsURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/admin/tenants", app.httpListenAddr)
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, tenantsURL)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, tenantsURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}

apptest/vmsingle.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompb"
+	otlppb "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/opentelemetry/pb"
 )
 
 // Vmsingle holds the state of a vmsingle app and provides vmsingle-specific
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func StartVmsingleAt(instance, binary string, flags []string, cli *Client, outpu
 func (app *Vmsingle) ForceFlush(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.forceFlushURL)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.forceFlushURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) ForceFlush(t *testing.T) {
 func (app *Vmsingle) ForceMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.forceMergeURL)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, app.forceMergeURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}
@@ -130,8 +131,9 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) InfluxWrite(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOpts)
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
-
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
@@ -161,7 +163,9 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1ImportCSV(t *testing.T, records []string, op
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
@@ -181,7 +185,9 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1ImportNative(t *testing.T, data []byte, opts
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
@@ -203,7 +209,9 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) OpenTSDBAPIPut(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOp
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
 	data := []byte("[" + strings.Join(records, ",") + "]")
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
@@ -212,11 +220,13 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) OpenTSDBAPIPut(t *testing.T, records []string, opts QueryOp
 // PrometheusAPIV1Write is a test helper function that inserts a
 // collection of records in Prometheus remote-write format by sending a HTTP
 // POST request to /prometheus/api/v1/write vmsingle endpoint.
-func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest, _ QueryOpts) {
+func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Write(t *testing.T, wr prompb.WriteRequest, opts QueryOpts) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	data := snappy.Encode(nil, wr.MarshalProtobuf(nil))
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.prometheusAPIV1WriteURL, "application/x-protobuf", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.prometheusAPIV1WriteURL, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
@@ -237,9 +247,10 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1ImportPrometheus(t *testing.T, records []str
 	if len(uvs) > 0 {
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
-
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "text/plain", data)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent)
 	}
@@ -256,7 +267,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Export(t *testing.T, query string, opts Quer
 	values.Add("match[]", query)
 	values.Add("format", "promapi")
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1ExportURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1ExportURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -273,7 +284,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1ExportNative(t *testing.T, query string, opt
 	values.Add("match[]", query)
 	values.Add("format", "promapi")
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1ExportNativeURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1ExportNativeURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return []byte(res)
 }
 
@@ -287,7 +298,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Query(t *testing.T, query string, opts Query
 
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("query", query)
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1QueryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1QueryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1QueryRange(t *testing.T, query string, opts
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("query", query)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1QueryRangeURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1QueryRangeURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1QueryResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -316,7 +327,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Series(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1SeriesURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, app.prometheusAPIV1SeriesURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +341,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1SeriesCount(t *testing.T, opts QueryOpts) *P
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/prometheus/api/v1/series/count", app.httpListenAddr)
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1SeriesCountResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -345,7 +356,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Labels(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, opts
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/prometheus/api/v1/labels", app.httpListenAddr)
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelsResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -360,7 +371,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1LabelValues(t *testing.T, labelName, matchQu
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/prometheus/api/v1/label/%s/values", app.httpListenAddr, labelName)
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1LabelValuesResponse(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -374,7 +385,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) PrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t *testing.T, metric string, limit
 	values.Add("limit", strconv.Itoa(limit))
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/prometheus/api/v1/metadata", app.httpListenAddr)
 
-	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, _ := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	return NewPrometheusAPIV1Metadata(t, res)
 }
 
@@ -389,7 +400,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) APIV1AdminTSDBDeleteSeries(t *testing.T, matchQuery string,
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("match[]", matchQuery)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent, res)
 	}
@@ -402,7 +413,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) GraphiteMetricsIndex(t *testing.T, _ QueryOpts) GraphiteMet
 	t.Helper()
 
 	seriesURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics/index.json", app.httpListenAddr)
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, seriesURL)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, seriesURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}
@@ -424,7 +435,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) GraphiteTagsTagSeries(t *testing.T, record string, opts Que
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	values.Add("path", record)
 
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values, opts.Headers)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusNotImplemented; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", got, want)
 	}
@@ -439,7 +450,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) GraphiteTagsTagMultiSeries(t *testing.T, records []string,
 		values.Add("path", rec)
 	}
 
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, url, values, opts.Headers)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusNotImplemented; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", got, want)
 	}
@@ -458,7 +469,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) APIV1StatusMetricNamesStats(t *testing.T, limit, le, matchP
 	values.Add("match_pattern", matchPattern)
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/api/v1/status/metric_names_stats", app.httpListenAddr)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}
@@ -478,7 +489,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) APIV1AdminStatusMetricNamesStatsReset(t *testing.T, opts Qu
 	values := opts.asURLValues()
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/api/v1/admin/status/metric_names_stats/reset", app.httpListenAddr)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, queryURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusNoContent, res)
 	}
@@ -491,7 +502,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) APIV1AdminStatusMetricNamesStatsReset(t *testing.T, opts Qu
 func (app *Vmsingle) SnapshotCreate(t *testing.T) *SnapshotCreateResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.SnapshotCreateURL(), "", nil)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.SnapshotCreateURL(), nil, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}
@@ -517,7 +528,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) APIV1AdminTSDBSnapshot(t *testing.T) *APIV1AdminTSDBSnapsho
 	t.Helper()
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/api/v1/admin/tsdb/snapshot", app.httpListenAddr)
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, queryURL, "", nil)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, queryURL, nil, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}
@@ -538,7 +549,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) SnapshotList(t *testing.T) *SnapshotListResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/snapshot/list", app.httpListenAddr)
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, queryURL)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, queryURL, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}
@@ -584,7 +595,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) SnapshotDeleteAll(t *testing.T) *SnapshotDeleteAllResponse
 	t.Helper()
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/snapshot/delete_all", app.httpListenAddr)
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, queryURL)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, queryURL, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}
@@ -615,7 +626,7 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) APIV1StatusTSDB(t *testing.T, matchQuery string, date strin
 	addNonEmpty("topN", topN)
 	addNonEmpty("date", date)
 
-	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values)
+	res, statusCode := app.cli.PostForm(t, seriesURL, values, opts.Headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", statusCode, http.StatusOK, res)
 	}
@@ -641,7 +652,30 @@ func (app *Vmsingle) ZabbixConnectorHistory(t *testing.T, records []string, opts
 		url += "?" + uvs
 	}
 	data := []byte(strings.Join(records, "\n"))
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, "application/json", data)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
+	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+}
+
+// OpentelemetryV1Metrics is a test helper function that inserts a
+// collection of records in Opentelemetry protocol format by sending a HTTP
+// POST request to /opentelemetry/v1/metrics vmsingle endpoint.
+func (app *Vmsingle) OpentelemetryV1Metrics(t *testing.T, md otlppb.MetricsData, opts QueryOpts) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/opentelemetry/v1/metrics", app.httpListenAddr)
+	uv := opts.asURLValues()
+	uvs := uv.Encode()
+	if len(uvs) > 0 {
+		url += "?" + uvs
+	}
+	data := md.MarshalProtobuf(nil)
+	headers := opts.getHeaders()
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf")
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, url, data, headers)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}

apptest/vmstorage.go

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func (app *Vmstorage) ForceFlush(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	forceFlushURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/internal/force_flush", app.httpListenAddr)
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, forceFlushURL)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, forceFlushURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (app *Vmstorage) ForceMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	forceMergeURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/internal/force_merge", app.httpListenAddr)
-	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, forceMergeURL)
+	_, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, forceMergeURL, nil)
 	if statusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d", statusCode, http.StatusOK)
 	}
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func (app *Vmstorage) ForceMerge(t *testing.T) {
 func (app *Vmstorage) SnapshotCreate(t *testing.T) *SnapshotCreateResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.SnapshotCreateURL(), "", nil)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, app.SnapshotCreateURL(), nil, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func (app *Vmstorage) SnapshotList(t *testing.T) *SnapshotListResponse {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/snapshot/list", app.httpListenAddr)
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, queryURL)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Get(t, queryURL, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func (app *Vmstorage) SnapshotDeleteAll(t *testing.T) *SnapshotDeleteAllResponse
 	t.Helper()
 
 	queryURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/snapshot/delete_all", app.httpListenAddr)
-	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, queryURL, "", nil)
+	data, statusCode := app.cli.Post(t, queryURL, nil, nil)
 	if got, want := statusCode, http.StatusOK; got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: got %d, want %d, resp text=%q", got, want, data)
 	}

dashboards/victoriametrics-cluster.json

@@ -9093,18 +9093,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9113,6 +9115,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9120,6 +9123,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9129,6 +9133,7 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
+              "decimals": 2,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
               "min": 0,
@@ -9136,7 +9141,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9152,9 +9158,9 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
-          "id": 97,
+          "id": 227,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9169,11 +9175,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9181,15 +9188,30 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
               "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{type}}",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_metadata_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{type}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9204,11 +9226,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 10,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9217,6 +9241,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9224,6 +9249,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9241,7 +9267,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9277,7 +9304,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
           "id": 99,
           "options": {
@@ -9294,11 +9321,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9336,17 +9364,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
+          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9355,6 +9386,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9362,6 +9394,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 51
+          },
+          "id": 97,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9384,7 +9526,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9399,8 +9542,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 0,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 51
           },
           "id": 185,
           "options": {
@@ -9417,11 +9560,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9447,7 +9591,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9463,7 +9606,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9486,11 +9628,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9499,6 +9643,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9506,6 +9651,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9528,7 +9674,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9543,8 +9690,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 59
           },
           "id": 187,
           "options": {
@@ -9561,11 +9708,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9591,7 +9739,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9607,7 +9754,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9623,18 +9769,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9643,6 +9791,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9650,6 +9799,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 59
+          },
+          "id": 114,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9667,7 +9926,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "transparent"
+                    "color": "transparent",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9683,7 +9943,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
           "id": 139,
           "options": {
@@ -9699,11 +9959,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9729,18 +9990,20 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
+          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9749,6 +10012,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9756,6 +10020,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
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@@ -9765,15 +10030,14 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
-              "decimals": 0,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
-              "min": 0,
               "thresholds": {
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9781,17 +10045,30 @@
                   }
                 ]
               },
-              "unit": "short"
+              "unit": "bps"
             },
-            "overrides": []
+            "overrides": [
+              {
+                "matcher": {
+                  "id": "byRegexp",
+                  "options": "/read.*/"
+                },
+                "properties": [
+                  {
+                    "id": "custom.transform",
+                    "value": "negative-Y"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
           },
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
-          "id": 114,
+          "id": 209,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9800,14 +10077,17 @@
               ],
               "displayMode": "table",
               "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9815,16 +10095,28 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9839,11 +10131,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9852,6 +10146,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9859,6 +10154,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9874,7 +10170,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9903,7 +10200,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8409
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 208,
           "options": {
@@ -9919,11 +10216,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9946,7 +10244,6 @@
               "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcplistener_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "write to client",
               "range": true,
@@ -9961,147 +10258,19 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
-          "fieldConfig": {
-            "defaults": {
-              "color": {
-                "mode": "palette-classic"
-              },
-              "custom": {
-                "axisCenteredZero": false,
-                "axisColorMode": "text",
-                "axisLabel": "",
-                "axisPlacement": "auto",
-                "barAlignment": 0,
-                "drawStyle": "line",
-                "fillOpacity": 0,
-                "gradientMode": "none",
-                "hideFrom": {
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-                  "tooltip": false,
-                  "viz": false
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-                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-                "lineWidth": 1,
-                "pointSize": 5,
-                "scaleDistribution": {
-                  "type": "linear"
-                },
-                "showPoints": "never",
-                "spanNulls": false,
-                "stacking": {
-                  "group": "A",
-                  "mode": "none"
-                },
-                "thresholdsStyle": {
-                  "mode": "off"
-                }
-              },
-              "links": [],
-              "mappings": [],
-              "thresholds": {
-                "mode": "absolute",
-                "steps": [
-                  {
-                    "color": "green"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "color": "red",
-                    "value": 80
-                  }
-                ]
-              },
-              "unit": "bps"
-            },
-            "overrides": [
-              {
-                "matcher": {
-                  "id": "byRegexp",
-                  "options": "/read.*/"
-                },
-                "properties": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "custom.transform",
-                    "value": "negative-Y"
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            ]
-          },
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-            "h": 8,
-            "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8409
-          },
-          "id": 209,
-          "options": {
-            "legend": {
-              "calcs": [
-                "mean",
-                "lastNotNull"
-              ],
-              "displayMode": "table",
-              "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true,
-              "sortBy": "Last *",
-              "sortDesc": true
-            },
-            "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "multi",
-              "sort": "desc"
-            }
-          },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
-          "targets": [
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "prometheus",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "A"
-            },
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "prometheus",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "B"
-            }
-          ],
-          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
-          "type": "timeseries"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "prometheus",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "description": "",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -10110,6 +10279,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -10117,6 +10287,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -10134,7 +10305,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -10150,7 +10322,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8417
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 88,
           "options": {
@@ -10167,11 +10339,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
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               "datasource": {

dashboards/vm/victoriametrics-cluster.json

@@ -9094,18 +9094,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9114,6 +9116,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9121,6 +9124,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9130,6 +9134,7 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
+              "decimals": 2,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
               "min": 0,
@@ -9137,7 +9142,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9153,9 +9159,9 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
-          "id": 97,
+          "id": 227,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9170,11 +9176,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9182,15 +9189,30 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
               "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{type}}",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_metadata_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (type) > 0 ",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{type}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9205,11 +9227,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 10,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9218,6 +9242,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9225,6 +9250,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9242,7 +9268,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9278,7 +9305,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8385
+            "y": 43
           },
           "id": 99,
           "options": {
@@ -9295,11 +9322,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9337,17 +9365,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
+          "description": "* `*` - unsupported query path\n* `/write` - insert into VM\n* `/metrics` - query VM system metrics\n* `/query` - query instant values\n* `/query_range` - query over a range of time\n* `/series` - match a certain label set\n* `/label/{}/values` - query a list of label values (variables mostly)",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9356,6 +9387,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9363,6 +9395,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 51
+          },
+          "id": 97,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_http_requests_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (path) > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Requests rate ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9385,7 +9527,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9400,8 +9543,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 0,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 51
           },
           "id": 185,
           "options": {
@@ -9418,11 +9561,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9448,7 +9592,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9464,7 +9607,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    process_cpu_cores_available{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9487,11 +9629,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9500,6 +9644,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9507,6 +9652,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9529,7 +9675,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9544,8 +9691,8 @@
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8393
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 59
           },
           "id": 187,
           "options": {
@@ -9562,11 +9709,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
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               "datasource": {
@@ -9592,7 +9740,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "min(\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "min",
@@ -9608,7 +9755,6 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "quantile(0.5,\n    max_over_time(process_resident_memory_anon_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])\n    /\n    vm_available_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}\n)",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "median",
@@ -9624,18 +9770,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9644,6 +9792,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9651,6 +9800,116 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "decimals": 0,
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "short"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 59
+          },
+          "id": 114,
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "desc"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "interval": "",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Shows the saturation level of connection between vminsert and vmstorage components. \n\nIf the threshold of 0.9sec is reached, then the connection is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up. This usually means that either vminsert or vmstorage nodes are struggling with the load. Verify CPU/mem saturation of both components and network saturation between them.\nIf vminsert resources are saturated - consider adding more resources or scale vminserts horizontally.\n\nIf vminsert resources and network are fine, check vmstorage metrics for anomalies.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9668,7 +9927,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "transparent"
+                    "color": "transparent",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9684,7 +9944,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
           "id": 139,
           "options": {
@@ -9700,11 +9960,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9730,18 +9991,20 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows when vmstorage node is unreachable for vminsert.",
+          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9750,6 +10013,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9757,6 +10021,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9766,15 +10031,14 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
-              "decimals": 0,
               "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
-              "min": 0,
               "thresholds": {
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9782,17 +10046,30 @@
                   }
                 ]
               },
-              "unit": "short"
+              "unit": "bps"
             },
-            "overrides": []
+            "overrides": [
+              {
+                "matcher": {
+                  "id": "byRegexp",
+                  "options": "/read.*/"
+                },
+                "properties": [
+                  {
+                    "id": "custom.transform",
+                    "value": "negative-Y"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
           },
           "gridPos": {
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8401
+            "y": 67
           },
-          "id": 114,
+          "id": 209,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
               "calcs": [
@@ -9801,14 +10078,17 @@
               ],
               "displayMode": "table",
               "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true
+              "showLegend": true,
+              "sortBy": "Last *",
+              "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9816,16 +10096,28 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"} != 1",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "interval": "",
               "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "{{instance}} => {{addr}}",
+              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
+              "format": "time_series",
+              "intervalFactor": 1,
+              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Storage reachability ($instance)",
+          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -9840,11 +10132,13 @@
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -9853,6 +10147,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -9860,6 +10155,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -9875,7 +10171,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -9904,7 +10201,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 8409
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 208,
           "options": {
@@ -9920,11 +10217,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -9947,7 +10245,6 @@
               "editorMode": "code",
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcplistener_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
               "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
               "intervalFactor": 1,
               "legendFormat": "write to client",
               "range": true,
@@ -9962,147 +10259,19 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows network usage between vminserts and vmstorages.",
-          "fieldConfig": {
-            "defaults": {
-              "color": {
-                "mode": "palette-classic"
-              },
-              "custom": {
-                "axisCenteredZero": false,
-                "axisColorMode": "text",
-                "axisLabel": "",
-                "axisPlacement": "auto",
-                "barAlignment": 0,
-                "drawStyle": "line",
-                "fillOpacity": 0,
-                "gradientMode": "none",
-                "hideFrom": {
-                  "legend": false,
-                  "tooltip": false,
-                  "viz": false
-                },
-                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-                "lineWidth": 1,
-                "pointSize": 5,
-                "scaleDistribution": {
-                  "type": "linear"
-                },
-                "showPoints": "never",
-                "spanNulls": false,
-                "stacking": {
-                  "group": "A",
-                  "mode": "none"
-                },
-                "thresholdsStyle": {
-                  "mode": "off"
-                }
-              },
-              "links": [],
-              "mappings": [],
-              "thresholds": {
-                "mode": "absolute",
-                "steps": [
-                  {
-                    "color": "green"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "color": "red",
-                    "value": 80
-                  }
-                ]
-              },
-              "unit": "bps"
-            },
-            "overrides": [
-              {
-                "matcher": {
-                  "id": "byRegexp",
-                  "options": "/read.*/"
-                },
-                "properties": [
-                  {
-                    "id": "custom.transform",
-                    "value": "negative-Y"
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            ]
-          },
-          "gridPos": {
-            "h": 8,
-            "w": 12,
-            "x": 12,
-            "y": 8409
-          },
-          "id": 209,
-          "options": {
-            "legend": {
-              "calcs": [
-                "mean",
-                "lastNotNull"
-              ],
-              "displayMode": "table",
-              "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true,
-              "sortBy": "Last *",
-              "sortDesc": true
-            },
-            "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "multi",
-              "sort": "desc"
-            }
-          },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
-          "targets": [
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "read from vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "A"
-            },
-            {
-              "datasource": {
-                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-                "uid": "$ds"
-              },
-              "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_tcpdialer_written_bytes_total{job=~\"$job_insert\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) * 8 > 0",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "hide": false,
-              "intervalFactor": 1,
-              "legendFormat": "write to vmstorage",
-              "range": true,
-              "refId": "B"
-            }
-          ],
-          "title": "Network usage: vmstorage ($instance)",
-          "type": "timeseries"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "description": "",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
                 "mode": "palette-classic"
               },
               "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
                 "axisCenteredZero": false,
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -10111,6 +10280,7 @@
                   "tooltip": false,
                   "viz": false
                 },
+                "insertNulls": false,
                 "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
@@ -10118,6 +10288,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -10135,7 +10306,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -10151,7 +10323,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 8417
+            "y": 75
           },
           "id": 88,
           "options": {
@@ -10168,11 +10340,12 @@
               "sortDesc": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {

dashboards/vm/vmagent.json

@@ -4020,7 +4020,7 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of parsed datapoints from write or scrape requests.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows parsed from write requests and scraping. \nThere are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -4050,6 +4050,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -4066,7 +4067,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -4102,7 +4104,7 @@
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "11.5.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -4113,12 +4115,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_rows_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_metadata_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Datapoints rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -5722,7 +5736,7 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of rows ingested in vmagent via push protocols.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -5735,6 +5749,7 @@
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -5751,6 +5766,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -5767,7 +5783,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -5783,7 +5800,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 3931
+            "y": 41
           },
           "id": 131,
           "options": {
@@ -5798,11 +5815,12 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.2.6",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -5813,12 +5831,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_metadata_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata:{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Rows rate  ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -7570,6 +7600,514 @@
         "x": 0,
         "y": 43
       },
+      "id": 163,
+      "panels": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Positive series show bytes written by vmagent producers into Kafka. Negative series show bytes read by vmagent consumers from Kafka. Read this together with Messages in / out: a stable byte rate with rising message rate usually means smaller Kafka payloads and higher per-message overhead. Producer Kafka metrics aggregate at job level because they do not expose the full remoteWrite URL label.\n\nDocs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate\" target=\"_blank\">estimating message size and rate</a>. Kafka read docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">reading metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": true,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": null
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "Bps"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 44
+          },
+          "id": 164,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: estimating size/rate",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate"
+            },
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_sent_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Produced to Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "-sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_consumer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumed from Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Traffic (bytes)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Positive series show Kafka messages produced by vmagent. Negative series show Kafka messages consumed by vmagent. Read this together with Traffic (bytes), because a stable byte rate with rising message rate usually means smaller Kafka messages and higher per-message overhead. Producer Kafka metrics aggregate at job level because they do not expose the full remoteWrite URL label.\n\nDocs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate\" target=\"_blank\">estimating message size and rate</a>. Kafka read docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">reading metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": true,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": null
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "ops"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 44
+          },
+          "id": 165,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: estimating size/rate",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate"
+            },
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_messages_sent_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Produced to Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "-sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_messages_read_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumed from Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Messages in / out",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Kafka producer-side errors from vmagent remote write. This panel shows send errors and delivery errors reported by Kafka producers.\n\nKafka write docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#writing-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">writing metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "ops"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 52
+          },
+          "id": 167,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: writing metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#writing-metrics"
+            },
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_messages_send_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Producer send errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_messages_delivery_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Producer delivery errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Producer errors",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Kafka consumer-side errors from vmagent. This panel shows client errors and ingest errors reported while reading from Kafka and passing data further downstream.\n\nKafka read docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">reading metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "ops"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 52
+          },
+          "id": 168,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_client_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumer client errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "C"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_ingest_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumer ingest errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "D"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Consumer errors",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Kafka (Enterprise)",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "collapsed": true,
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 1,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 60
+      },
       "id": 113,
       "panels": [
         {
@@ -8549,4 +9087,4 @@
   "title": "VictoriaMetrics - vmagent (VM)",
   "uid": "G7Z9GzMGz_vm",
   "version": 1
-}
+}

dashboards/vm/vmauth.json

@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@
         "defaults": {
           "mappings": [],
           "min": 0,
+          "noValue": "0",
           "thresholds": {
             "mode": "absolute",
             "steps": [
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@
         "textMode": "auto",
         "wideLayout": true
       },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
       "targets": [
         {
           "datasource": {
@@ -561,8 +562,7 @@
                 "value": 80
               }
             ]
-          },
-          "unit": "s"
+          }
         },
         "overrides": []
       },
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
           "exemplar": false,
-          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(vm_app_uptime_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
           "format": "time_series",
           "instant": false,
           "interval": "",
@@ -623,6 +623,342 @@
       "title": "Overview",
       "type": "row"
     },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+        "uid": "$ds"
+      },
+      "description": "Shows the rate of requests per user.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "showValues": false,
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": 0
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 9,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 9
+      },
+      "id": 11,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_requests_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(username) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_requests_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Requests rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+        "uid": "$ds"
+      },
+      "description": "Shows duration in seconds of user requests by quantile.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "showValues": false,
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": 0
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 9,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 9
+      },
+      "id": 19,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [
+            "max",
+            "mean"
+          ],
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true,
+          "sortBy": "Max",
+          "sortDesc": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "max(vmauth_user_request_duration_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\", quantile=~\"(0.99|0.5)\"}) by (quantile, username) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "user: {{username}} q: {{ quantile}}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "max(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_duration_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", quantile=~\"(0.99|0.5)\"}) by (quantile) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "user: unauthorized q: {{ quantile}}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Requests duration",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+        "uid": "$ds"
+      },
+      "description": "Shows the request error rate per user.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "showValues": false,
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": 0
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": 80
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 9,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 18
+      },
+      "id": 37,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "hideZeros": false,
+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
+        }
+      },
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (username) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Requests error rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
     {
       "datasource": {
         "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
@@ -688,8 +1024,8 @@
       "gridPos": {
         "h": 9,
         "w": 12,
-        "x": 0,
-        "y": 9
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 18
       },
       "id": 16,
       "options": {
@@ -705,7 +1041,7 @@
           "sort": "none"
         }
       },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
       "targets": [
         {
           "datasource": {
@@ -713,8 +1049,7 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_http_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (reason)",
-          "hide": false,
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_http_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (reason) > 0",
           "legendFormat": "__auto",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "A"
@@ -728,353 +1063,7 @@
         "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
         "uid": "$ds"
       },
-      "description": " The number of concurrent connections processed by vmauth reached one of limits. Possible solutions:\n- increase global limit with flag -maxConcurrentRequests\n- increase limit with flag: -maxConcurrentPerUserRequests for all users or with config option `max_concurrent_requests` per user.\n- deploy additional vmauth replicas\n- check requests latency at backend service and allocate resources to it if needed",
-      "fieldConfig": {
-        "defaults": {
-          "color": {
-            "mode": "palette-classic"
-          },
-          "custom": {
-            "axisBorderShow": false,
-            "axisCenteredZero": false,
-            "axisColorMode": "text",
-            "axisLabel": "",
-            "axisPlacement": "auto",
-            "barAlignment": 0,
-            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
-            "drawStyle": "bars",
-            "fillOpacity": 0,
-            "gradientMode": "none",
-            "hideFrom": {
-              "legend": false,
-              "tooltip": false,
-              "viz": false
-            },
-            "insertNulls": false,
-            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-            "lineWidth": 1,
-            "pointSize": 5,
-            "scaleDistribution": {
-              "type": "linear"
-            },
-            "showPoints": "auto",
-            "showValues": false,
-            "spanNulls": false,
-            "stacking": {
-              "group": "A",
-              "mode": "none"
-            },
-            "thresholdsStyle": {
-              "mode": "off"
-            }
-          },
-          "mappings": [],
-          "thresholds": {
-            "mode": "absolute",
-            "steps": [
-              {
-                "color": "green",
-                "value": 0
-              },
-              {
-                "color": "red",
-                "value": 80
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        "overrides": []
-      },
-      "gridPos": {
-        "h": 9,
-        "w": 12,
-        "x": 12,
-        "y": 9
-      },
-      "id": 10,
-      "options": {
-        "legend": {
-          "calcs": [],
-          "displayMode": "list",
-          "placement": "bottom",
-          "showLegend": true
-        },
-        "tooltip": {
-          "hideZeros": false,
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
-        }
-      },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
-      "targets": [
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(username)  > 0",
-          "interval": "1m",
-          "legendFormat": "__auto",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "A"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "unauthorized",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "B"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "global at {{ $instance }}",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "C"
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "Concurrent limit reached",
-      "type": "timeseries"
-    },
-    {
-      "datasource": {
-        "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-        "uid": "$ds"
-      },
-      "fieldConfig": {
-        "defaults": {
-          "color": {
-            "mode": "palette-classic"
-          },
-          "custom": {
-            "axisBorderShow": false,
-            "axisCenteredZero": false,
-            "axisColorMode": "text",
-            "axisLabel": "",
-            "axisPlacement": "auto",
-            "barAlignment": 0,
-            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
-            "drawStyle": "line",
-            "fillOpacity": 0,
-            "gradientMode": "none",
-            "hideFrom": {
-              "legend": false,
-              "tooltip": false,
-              "viz": false
-            },
-            "insertNulls": false,
-            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-            "lineWidth": 1,
-            "pointSize": 5,
-            "scaleDistribution": {
-              "type": "linear"
-            },
-            "showPoints": "auto",
-            "showValues": false,
-            "spanNulls": false,
-            "stacking": {
-              "group": "A",
-              "mode": "none"
-            },
-            "thresholdsStyle": {
-              "mode": "off"
-            }
-          },
-          "mappings": [],
-          "thresholds": {
-            "mode": "absolute",
-            "steps": [
-              {
-                "color": "green",
-                "value": 0
-              },
-              {
-                "color": "red",
-                "value": 80
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        "overrides": []
-      },
-      "gridPos": {
-        "h": 9,
-        "w": 12,
-        "x": 0,
-        "y": 18
-      },
-      "id": 11,
-      "options": {
-        "legend": {
-          "calcs": [],
-          "displayMode": "list",
-          "placement": "bottom",
-          "showLegend": true
-        },
-        "tooltip": {
-          "hideZeros": false,
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
-        }
-      },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
-      "targets": [
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_requests_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(username)",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "__auto",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "A"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_requests_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "B"
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "User requests rate",
-      "type": "timeseries"
-    },
-    {
-      "datasource": {
-        "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-        "uid": "$ds"
-      },
-      "fieldConfig": {
-        "defaults": {
-          "color": {
-            "mode": "palette-classic"
-          },
-          "custom": {
-            "axisBorderShow": false,
-            "axisCenteredZero": false,
-            "axisColorMode": "text",
-            "axisLabel": "",
-            "axisPlacement": "auto",
-            "barAlignment": 0,
-            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
-            "drawStyle": "line",
-            "fillOpacity": 0,
-            "gradientMode": "none",
-            "hideFrom": {
-              "legend": false,
-              "tooltip": false,
-              "viz": false
-            },
-            "insertNulls": false,
-            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
-            "lineWidth": 1,
-            "pointSize": 5,
-            "scaleDistribution": {
-              "type": "linear"
-            },
-            "showPoints": "auto",
-            "showValues": false,
-            "spanNulls": false,
-            "stacking": {
-              "group": "A",
-              "mode": "none"
-            },
-            "thresholdsStyle": {
-              "mode": "off"
-            }
-          },
-          "mappings": [],
-          "thresholds": {
-            "mode": "absolute",
-            "steps": [
-              {
-                "color": "green",
-                "value": 0
-              },
-              {
-                "color": "red",
-                "value": 80
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        "overrides": []
-      },
-      "gridPos": {
-        "h": 9,
-        "w": 12,
-        "x": 12,
-        "y": 18
-      },
-      "id": 37,
-      "options": {
-        "legend": {
-          "calcs": [],
-          "displayMode": "list",
-          "placement": "bottom",
-          "showLegend": true
-        },
-        "tooltip": {
-          "hideZeros": false,
-          "mode": "single",
-          "sort": "none"
-        }
-      },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
-      "targets": [
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (username) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "__auto",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "A"
-        },
-        {
-          "datasource": {
-            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-            "uid": "$ds"
-          },
-          "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "B"
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "User requests error rate",
-      "type": "timeseries"
-    },
-    {
-      "datasource": {
-        "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
-        "uid": "$ds"
-      },
-      "description": "Shows percent utilization of  per concurrent requests capacity.",
+      "description": "Shows the percentage utilization of concurrent request capacity per user.",
       "fieldConfig": {
         "defaults": {
           "color": {
@@ -1158,7 +1147,7 @@
           "sort": "desc"
         }
       },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
       "targets": [
         {
           "datasource": {
@@ -1167,14 +1156,13 @@
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
           "expr": "max(\nmax_over_time(vmauth_user_concurrent_requests_current{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])\n/ \nvmauth_user_concurrent_requests_capacity{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}\n) by(username) > 0\n",
-          "hide": false,
           "interval": "5m",
           "legendFormat": "__auto",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "A"
         }
       ],
-      "title": "User concurrent requests usage",
+      "title": "Concurrent requests usage",
       "type": "timeseries"
     },
     {
@@ -1182,7 +1170,7 @@
         "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
         "uid": "$ds"
       },
-      "description": "Shows duration in seconds of user requests by quantile.",
+      "description": " The number of concurrent connections processed by vmauth reached one of limits. Possible solutions:\n- increase global limit with flag -maxConcurrentRequests\n- increase limit with flag: -maxConcurrentPerUserRequests for all users or with config option `max_concurrent_requests` per user.\n- deploy additional vmauth replicas\n- check requests latency at backend service and allocate resources to it if needed",
       "fieldConfig": {
         "defaults": {
           "color": {
@@ -1196,7 +1184,7 @@
             "axisPlacement": "auto",
             "barAlignment": 0,
             "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
-            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "drawStyle": "bars",
             "fillOpacity": 0,
             "gradientMode": "none",
             "hideFrom": {
@@ -1235,8 +1223,7 @@
                 "value": 80
               }
             ]
-          },
-          "unit": "s"
+          }
         },
         "overrides": []
       },
@@ -1246,18 +1233,13 @@
         "x": 12,
         "y": 27
       },
-      "id": 19,
+      "id": 10,
       "options": {
         "legend": {
-          "calcs": [
-            "max",
-            "mean"
-          ],
-          "displayMode": "table",
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
           "placement": "bottom",
-          "showLegend": true,
-          "sortBy": "Max",
-          "sortDesc": true
+          "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
           "hideZeros": false,
@@ -1265,7 +1247,7 @@
           "sort": "none"
         }
       },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
       "targets": [
         {
           "datasource": {
@@ -1273,9 +1255,9 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "max(vmauth_user_request_duration_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\", quantile=~\"(0.99|0.5)\"}) by (quantile, username) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "user: {{username}} q: {{ quantile}}",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(username)  > 0",
+          "interval": "1m",
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "A"
         },
@@ -1285,14 +1267,24 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
-          "expr": "max(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_duration_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", quantile=~\"(0.99|0.5)\"}) by (quantile) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "user: unauthorized q: {{ quantile}}",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "unauthorized",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "B"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "global at {{ $instance }}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "C"
         }
       ],
-      "title": "User requests duration",
+      "title": "Concurrent limit reached",
       "type": "timeseries"
     },
     {
@@ -2599,7 +2591,7 @@
             "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the number of restarts per job. The chart can be useful to identify periodic process restarts and correlate them with potential issues or anomalies. Normally, processes shouldn't restart unless restart was inited by user. The reason of restarts should be figured out by checking the logs of each specific service. ",
+          "description": "Shows the backend request error rate per user.\nThe value can be higher than the request error rate if:\n1. A single request is retried multiple times due to transient network errors, such as proxy idle timeout misconfiguration or sockets being closed by the OS.\n2. The request fails and is retried on other backends because of configured retry_status_codes.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -2611,8 +2603,8 @@
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
-                "axisSoftMin": 0,
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -2622,13 +2614,14 @@
                   "viz": false
                 },
                 "insertNulls": false,
-                "lineInterpolation": "stepAfter",
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
                 "scaleDistribution": {
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
-                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showPoints": "auto",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -2638,23 +2631,20 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
-              "decimals": 0,
-              "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
               "thresholds": {
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
                     "color": "green",
-                    "value": null
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
                     "value": 80
                   }
                 ]
-              },
-              "unit": "none"
+              }
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
@@ -2662,26 +2652,23 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 47
+            "y": 46
           },
-          "id": 37,
+          "id": 41,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
-              "calcs": [
-                "lastNotNull"
-              ],
-              "displayMode": "table",
+              "calcs": [],
+              "displayMode": "list",
               "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true,
-              "sortBy": "Last *",
-              "sortDesc": true
+              "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "multi",
-              "sort": "desc"
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "single",
+              "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -2689,14 +2676,24 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(changes(vm_app_start_timestamp{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval]) > 0) by(job)",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "instant": false,
-              "legendFormat": "{{job}}",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_request_backend_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (username) > 0",
+              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "victoriametrics-metrics-datasource",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_backend_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+              "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Restarts ($job)",
+          "title": "Requests backend error rate",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {

dashboards/vmagent.json

@@ -4019,7 +4019,7 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of parsed datapoints from write or scrape requests.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows parsed from write requests and scraping. \nThere are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -4049,6 +4049,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -4065,7 +4066,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -4101,7 +4103,7 @@
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "11.5.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -4112,12 +4114,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_rows_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vm_protoparser_metadata_read_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Datapoints rate ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -5721,7 +5735,7 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the rate of rows ingested in vmagent via push protocols.",
+          "description": "Shows the rate of data rows ingested from write requests. There are two kinds of rows:\n1. Raw sample: each sample consists of a value and a timestamp, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/keyconcepts/#raw-samples. \n2. Metric metadata: refers to descriptive information about metrics. It can be disabled by setting `-enableMetadata=false`, see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/vmagent/#metric-metadata.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -5734,6 +5748,7 @@
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -5750,6 +5765,7 @@
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
                 "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -5766,7 +5782,8 @@
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
-                    "color": "green"
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
@@ -5782,7 +5799,7 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 12,
-            "y": 3931
+            "y": 41
           },
           "id": 131,
           "options": {
@@ -5797,11 +5814,12 @@
               "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
               "mode": "multi",
               "sort": "desc"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.2.6",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -5812,12 +5830,24 @@
               "exemplar": true,
               "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_rows_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
               "interval": "",
-              "legendFormat": "{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "legendFormat": "sample: {{ type }} ({{job}})",
               "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_metadata_inserted_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(job, type) > 0",
+              "instant": false,
+              "legendFormat": "metadata:{{ type }} ({{job}})",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Rows rate  ($instance)",
+          "title": "Rows rate ($instance)",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {
@@ -7569,6 +7599,514 @@
         "x": 0,
         "y": 43
       },
+      "id": 163,
+      "panels": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Positive series show bytes written by vmagent producers into Kafka. Negative series show bytes read by vmagent consumers from Kafka. Read this together with Messages in / out: a stable byte rate with rising message rate usually means smaller Kafka payloads and higher per-message overhead. Producer Kafka metrics aggregate at job level because they do not expose the full remoteWrite URL label.\n\nDocs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate\" target=\"_blank\">estimating message size and rate</a>. Kafka read docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">reading metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": true,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": null
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "Bps"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 44
+          },
+          "id": 164,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: estimating size/rate",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate"
+            },
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_sent_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Produced to Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "-sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_consumer_read_bytes_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumed from Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Traffic (bytes)",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Positive series show Kafka messages produced by vmagent. Negative series show Kafka messages consumed by vmagent. Read this together with Traffic (bytes), because a stable byte rate with rising message rate usually means smaller Kafka messages and higher per-message overhead. Producer Kafka metrics aggregate at job level because they do not expose the full remoteWrite URL label.\n\nDocs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate\" target=\"_blank\">estimating message size and rate</a>. Kafka read docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">reading metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": true,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": null
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "ops"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 44
+          },
+          "id": 165,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: estimating size/rate",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#estimating-message-size-and-rate"
+            },
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_messages_sent_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Produced to Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "-sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_messages_read_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumed from Kafka",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Messages in / out",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Kafka producer-side errors from vmagent remote write. This panel shows send errors and delivery errors reported by Kafka producers.\n\nKafka write docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#writing-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">writing metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "ops"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 52
+          },
+          "id": 167,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: writing metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#writing-metrics"
+            },
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_messages_send_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Producer send errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_remotewrite_kafka_messages_delivery_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Producer delivery errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Producer errors",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "description": "Kafka consumer-side errors from vmagent. This panel shows client errors and ingest errors reported while reading from Kafka and passing data further downstream.\n\nKafka read docs: <a href=\"https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics\" target=\"_blank\">reading metrics</a>.",
+          "fieldConfig": {
+            "defaults": {
+              "color": {
+                "mode": "palette-classic"
+              },
+              "custom": {
+                "axisBorderShow": false,
+                "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                "axisColorMode": "text",
+                "axisLabel": "",
+                "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                "drawStyle": "line",
+                "fillOpacity": 0,
+                "gradientMode": "none",
+                "hideFrom": {
+                  "legend": false,
+                  "tooltip": false,
+                  "viz": false
+                },
+                "insertNulls": false,
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                "lineWidth": 1,
+                "pointSize": 5,
+                "scaleDistribution": {
+                  "type": "linear"
+                },
+                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showValues": false,
+                "spanNulls": false,
+                "stacking": {
+                  "group": "A",
+                  "mode": "none"
+                },
+                "thresholdsStyle": {
+                  "mode": "off"
+                }
+              },
+              "links": [],
+              "mappings": [],
+              "min": 0,
+              "thresholds": {
+                "mode": "absolute",
+                "steps": [
+                  {
+                    "color": "green",
+                    "value": 0
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "color": "red",
+                    "value": 80
+                  }
+                ]
+              },
+              "unit": "ops"
+            },
+            "overrides": []
+          },
+          "gridPos": {
+            "h": 8,
+            "w": 12,
+            "x": 12,
+            "y": 52
+          },
+          "id": 168,
+          "links": [
+            {
+              "title": "Docs: reading metrics",
+              "url": "https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/integrations/kafka/#reading-metrics"
+            }
+          ],
+          "options": {
+            "legend": {
+              "calcs": [
+                "mean",
+                "lastNotNull",
+                "max"
+              ],
+              "displayMode": "table",
+              "placement": "bottom",
+              "showLegend": true
+            },
+            "tooltip": {
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "multi",
+              "sort": "none"
+            }
+          },
+          "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+          "targets": [
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_client_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumer client errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "C"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "${ds}"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmagent_kafka_ingest_errors_total{job=~\"$job\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+              "legendFormat": "Consumer ingest errors",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "D"
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "Consumer errors",
+          "type": "timeseries"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Kafka (Enterprise)",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "collapsed": true,
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 1,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 60
+      },
       "id": 113,
       "panels": [
         {
@@ -8548,4 +9086,4 @@
   "title": "VictoriaMetrics - vmagent",
   "uid": "G7Z9GzMGz",
   "version": 1
-}
+}

dashboards/vmauth.json

@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@
         "defaults": {
           "mappings": [],
           "min": 0,
+          "noValue": "0",
           "thresholds": {
             "mode": "absolute",
             "steps": [
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@
         "textMode": "auto",
         "wideLayout": true
       },
-      "pluginVersion": "12.2.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
       "targets": [
         {
           "datasource": {
@@ -560,8 +561,7 @@
                 "value": 80
               }
             ]
-          },
-          "unit": "s"
+          }
         },
         "overrides": []
       },
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
           "exemplar": false,
-          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(vm_app_uptime_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
+          "expr": "sum(min_over_time(up{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (job)",
           "format": "time_series",
           "instant": false,
           "interval": "",
@@ -622,6 +622,342 @@
       "title": "Overview",
       "type": "row"
     },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "$ds"
+      },
+      "description": "Shows the rate of requests per user.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "palette-classic"
+          },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisColorMode": "text",
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "barAlignment": 0,
+            "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": {
+              "legend": false,
+              "tooltip": false,
+              "viz": false
+            },
+            "insertNulls": false,
+            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "scaleDistribution": {
+              "type": "linear"
+            },
+            "showPoints": "auto",
+            "showValues": false,
+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
+              "group": "A",
+              "mode": "none"
+            },
+            "thresholdsStyle": {
+              "mode": "off"
+            }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": 0
+              },
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+          "refId": "B"
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+        "uid": "$ds"
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+          "sortBy": "Max",
+          "sortDesc": true
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+          "legendFormat": "user: unauthorized q: {{ quantile}}",
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+      "type": "timeseries"
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+        "uid": "$ds"
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+            "spanNulls": false,
+            "stacking": {
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+              "mode": "off"
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+                "value": 0
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+                "value": 80
+              }
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+        "w": 12,
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+          "mode": "single",
+          "sort": "none"
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+      "targets": [
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+            "uid": "$ds"
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+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Requests error rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
     {
       "datasource": {
         "type": "prometheus",
@@ -687,8 +1023,8 @@
       "gridPos": {
         "h": 9,
         "w": 12,
-        "x": 0,
-        "y": 9
+        "x": 12,
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       },
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       "options": {
@@ -704,7 +1040,7 @@
           "sort": "none"
         }
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       "targets": [
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@@ -712,8 +1048,7 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
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-          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_http_request_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (reason)",
-          "hide": false,
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           "legendFormat": "__auto",
           "range": true,
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@@ -727,353 +1062,7 @@
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-                "value": 80
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-          "hide": false,
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-          "range": true,
-          "refId": "B"
-        }
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-      "title": "User requests error rate",
-      "type": "timeseries"
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-    {
-      "datasource": {
-        "type": "prometheus",
-        "uid": "$ds"
-      },
-      "description": "Shows percent utilization of  per concurrent requests capacity.",
+      "description": "Shows the percentage utilization of concurrent request capacity per user.",
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         "defaults": {
           "color": {
@@ -1157,7 +1146,7 @@
           "sort": "desc"
         }
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-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
       "targets": [
         {
           "datasource": {
@@ -1166,14 +1155,13 @@
           },
           "editorMode": "code",
           "expr": "max(\nmax_over_time(vmauth_user_concurrent_requests_current{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])\n/ \nvmauth_user_concurrent_requests_capacity{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}\n) by(username) > 0\n",
-          "hide": false,
           "interval": "5m",
           "legendFormat": "__auto",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "A"
         }
       ],
-      "title": "User concurrent requests usage",
+      "title": "Concurrent requests usage",
       "type": "timeseries"
     },
     {
@@ -1181,7 +1169,7 @@
         "type": "prometheus",
         "uid": "$ds"
       },
-      "description": "Shows duration in seconds of user requests by quantile.",
+      "description": " The number of concurrent connections processed by vmauth reached one of limits. Possible solutions:\n- increase global limit with flag -maxConcurrentRequests\n- increase limit with flag: -maxConcurrentPerUserRequests for all users or with config option `max_concurrent_requests` per user.\n- deploy additional vmauth replicas\n- check requests latency at backend service and allocate resources to it if needed",
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@@ -1195,7 +1183,7 @@
             "axisPlacement": "auto",
             "barAlignment": 0,
             "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
-            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "drawStyle": "bars",
             "fillOpacity": 0,
             "gradientMode": "none",
             "hideFrom": {
@@ -1234,8 +1222,7 @@
                 "value": 80
               }
             ]
-          },
-          "unit": "s"
+          }
         },
         "overrides": []
       },
@@ -1245,18 +1232,13 @@
         "x": 12,
         "y": 27
       },
-      "id": 19,
+      "id": 10,
       "options": {
         "legend": {
-          "calcs": [
-            "max",
-            "mean"
-          ],
-          "displayMode": "table",
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
           "placement": "bottom",
-          "showLegend": true,
-          "sortBy": "Max",
-          "sortDesc": true
+          "showLegend": true
         },
         "tooltip": {
           "hideZeros": false,
@@ -1264,7 +1246,7 @@
           "sort": "none"
         }
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-      "pluginVersion": "12.3.0",
+      "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
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@@ -1272,9 +1254,9 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
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-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "user: {{username}} q: {{ quantile}}",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by(username)  > 0",
+          "interval": "1m",
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "A"
         },
@@ -1284,14 +1266,24 @@
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
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-          "expr": "max(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_duration_seconds{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", quantile=~\"(0.99|0.5)\"}) by (quantile) > 0",
-          "hide": false,
-          "legendFormat": "user: unauthorized q: {{ quantile}}",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "unauthorized",
           "range": true,
           "refId": "B"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "$ds"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_concurrent_requests_limit_reached_total[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+          "legendFormat": "global at {{ $instance }}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "C"
         }
       ],
-      "title": "User requests duration",
+      "title": "Concurrent limit reached",
       "type": "timeseries"
     },
     {
@@ -2598,7 +2590,7 @@
             "type": "prometheus",
             "uid": "$ds"
           },
-          "description": "Shows the number of restarts per job. The chart can be useful to identify periodic process restarts and correlate them with potential issues or anomalies. Normally, processes shouldn't restart unless restart was inited by user. The reason of restarts should be figured out by checking the logs of each specific service. ",
+          "description": "Shows the backend request error rate per user.\nThe value can be higher than the request error rate if:\n1. A single request is retried multiple times due to transient network errors, such as proxy idle timeout misconfiguration or sockets being closed by the OS.\n2. The request fails and is retried on other backends because of configured retry_status_codes.",
           "fieldConfig": {
             "defaults": {
               "color": {
@@ -2610,8 +2602,8 @@
                 "axisColorMode": "text",
                 "axisLabel": "",
                 "axisPlacement": "auto",
-                "axisSoftMin": 0,
                 "barAlignment": 0,
+                "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
                 "drawStyle": "line",
                 "fillOpacity": 0,
                 "gradientMode": "none",
@@ -2621,13 +2613,14 @@
                   "viz": false
                 },
                 "insertNulls": false,
-                "lineInterpolation": "stepAfter",
+                "lineInterpolation": "linear",
                 "lineWidth": 1,
                 "pointSize": 5,
                 "scaleDistribution": {
                   "type": "linear"
                 },
-                "showPoints": "never",
+                "showPoints": "auto",
+                "showValues": false,
                 "spanNulls": false,
                 "stacking": {
                   "group": "A",
@@ -2637,23 +2630,20 @@
                   "mode": "off"
                 }
               },
-              "decimals": 0,
-              "links": [],
               "mappings": [],
               "thresholds": {
                 "mode": "absolute",
                 "steps": [
                   {
                     "color": "green",
-                    "value": null
+                    "value": 0
                   },
                   {
                     "color": "red",
                     "value": 80
                   }
                 ]
-              },
-              "unit": "none"
+              }
             },
             "overrides": []
           },
@@ -2661,26 +2651,23 @@
             "h": 8,
             "w": 12,
             "x": 0,
-            "y": 47
+            "y": 46
           },
-          "id": 37,
+          "id": 41,
           "options": {
             "legend": {
-              "calcs": [
-                "lastNotNull"
-              ],
-              "displayMode": "table",
+              "calcs": [],
+              "displayMode": "list",
               "placement": "bottom",
-              "showLegend": true,
-              "sortBy": "Last *",
-              "sortDesc": true
+              "showLegend": true
             },
             "tooltip": {
-              "mode": "multi",
-              "sort": "desc"
+              "hideZeros": false,
+              "mode": "single",
+              "sort": "none"
             }
           },
-          "pluginVersion": "9.1.0",
+          "pluginVersion": "12.4.3",
           "targets": [
             {
               "datasource": {
@@ -2688,14 +2675,24 @@
                 "uid": "$ds"
               },
               "editorMode": "code",
-              "expr": "sum(changes(vm_app_start_timestamp{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval]) > 0) by(job)",
-              "format": "time_series",
-              "instant": false,
-              "legendFormat": "{{job}}",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_user_request_backend_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", username=~\"$user\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (username) > 0",
+              "legendFormat": "__auto",
+              "range": true,
               "refId": "A"
+            },
+            {
+              "datasource": {
+                "type": "prometheus",
+                "uid": "$ds"
+              },
+              "editorMode": "code",
+              "expr": "sum(rate(vmauth_unauthorized_user_request_backend_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])) > 0",
+              "legendFormat": "unauthorized_user",
+              "range": true,
+              "refId": "B"
             }
           ],
-          "title": "Restarts ($job)",
+          "title": "Requests backend error rate",
           "type": "timeseries"
         },
         {

deployment/docker/Makefile

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 DOCKER_REGISTRIES ?= docker.io quay.io
 DOCKER_NAMESPACE ?= victoriametrics
 
-ROOT_IMAGE ?= alpine:3.23.3
+ROOT_IMAGE ?= alpine:3.23.4
 ROOT_IMAGE_SCRATCH ?= scratch
-CERTS_IMAGE := alpine:3.23.3
+CERTS_IMAGE := alpine:3.23.4
 
-GO_BUILDER_IMAGE := golang:1.26.2
+GO_BUILDER_IMAGE := golang:1.26.3
 
 BUILDER_IMAGE := local/builder:2.0.0-$(shell echo $(GO_BUILDER_IMAGE) | tr :/ __)-1
 BASE_IMAGE := local/base:1.1.4-$(shell echo $(ROOT_IMAGE) | tr :/ __)-$(shell echo $(CERTS_IMAGE) | tr :/ __)

deployment/docker/README.md

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Some alerting rules thresholds are just recommendations and could require an adj
 The list of alerting rules is the following:
 * [alerts-health.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-health.yml):
   alerting rules related to all VictoriaMetrics components for tracking their "health" state;
-* [alerts.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts.yml):
+* [alerts-single-node.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-single-node.yml):
   alerting rules related to [single-server VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/) installation;
 * [alerts-cluster.yml](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/rules/alerts-cluster.yml):
   alerting rules related to [cluster version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/cluster-victoriametrics/);

deployment/docker/compose-vm-cluster.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ services:
   #  It scrapes targets defined in --promscrape.config
   #  And forward them to --remoteWrite.url
   vmagent:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmagent:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmagent:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "vmauth"
     ports:
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ services:
   # vmstorage shards. Each shard receives 1/N of all metrics sent to vminserts,
   # where N is number of vmstorages (2 in this case).
   vmstorage-1:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmstorage:v1.140.0-cluster
+    image: victoriametrics/vmstorage:v1.142.0-cluster
     volumes:
       - strgdata-1:/storage
     command:
       - "--storageDataPath=/storage"
     restart: always
   vmstorage-2:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmstorage:v1.140.0-cluster
+    image: victoriametrics/vmstorage:v1.142.0-cluster
     volumes:
       - strgdata-2:/storage
     command:
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ services:
   # vminsert is ingestion frontend. It receives metrics pushed by vmagent,
   # pre-process them and distributes across configured vmstorage shards.
   vminsert-1:
-    image: victoriametrics/vminsert:v1.140.0-cluster
+    image: victoriametrics/vminsert:v1.142.0-cluster
     depends_on:
       - "vmstorage-1"
       - "vmstorage-2"
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ services:
       - "--storageNode=vmstorage-2:8400"
     restart: always
   vminsert-2:
-    image: victoriametrics/vminsert:v1.140.0-cluster
+    image: victoriametrics/vminsert:v1.142.0-cluster
     depends_on:
       - "vmstorage-1"
       - "vmstorage-2"
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ services:
   # vmselect is a query fronted. It serves read queries in MetricsQL or PromQL.
   # vmselect collects results from configured `--storageNode` shards.
   vmselect-1:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmselect:v1.140.0-cluster
+    image: victoriametrics/vmselect:v1.142.0-cluster
     depends_on:
       - "vmstorage-1"
       - "vmstorage-2"
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ services:
       - "--vmalert.proxyURL=http://vmalert:8880"
     restart: always
   vmselect-2:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmselect:v1.140.0-cluster
+    image: victoriametrics/vmselect:v1.142.0-cluster
     depends_on:
       - "vmstorage-1"
       - "vmstorage-2"
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ services:
   # read requests from Grafana, vmui, vmalert among vmselects.
   # It can be used as an authentication proxy.
   vmauth:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmauth:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmauth:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "vmselect-1"
       - "vmselect-2"
@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ services:
 
   # vmalert executes alerting and recording rules
   vmalert:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmalert:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmalert:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "vmauth"
     ports:
       - 8880:8880
     volumes:
-      - ./rules/alerts-cluster.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts.yml
+      - ./rules/alerts-cluster.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-cluster.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-health.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-health.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmagent.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmagent.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmalert.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmalert.yml

deployment/docker/compose-vm-single.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ services:
   #  It scrapes targets defined in --promscrape.config
   #  And forward them to --remoteWrite.url
   vmagent:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmagent:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmagent:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "victoriametrics"
     ports:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ services:
   # VictoriaMetrics instance, a single process responsible for
   # storing metrics and serve read requests.
   victoriametrics:
-    image: victoriametrics/victoria-metrics:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/victoria-metrics:v1.142.0
     ports:
       - 8428:8428
       - 8089:8089
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ services:
 
   # vmalert executes alerting and recording rules
   vmalert:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmalert:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmalert:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "victoriametrics"
       - "alertmanager"
     ports:
       - 8880:8880
     volumes:
-      - ./rules/alerts.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts.yml
+      - ./rules/alerts-single-node.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-single-node.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-health.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-health.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmagent.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmagent.yml
       - ./rules/alerts-vmalert.yml:/etc/alerts/alerts-vmalert.yml

deployment/docker/rules/alerts-cluster.yml

@@ -170,3 +170,57 @@ groups:
             is saturated by more than 90% and vminsert won't be able to keep up.\n
             This usually means that more vminsert or vmstorage nodes must be added to the cluster in order to increase
             the total number of vminsert -> vmstorage links."
+
+      - alert: MetadataCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh
+        expr: |
+          vm_metrics_metadata_storage_size_bytes / vm_metrics_metadata_storage_max_size_bytes > 0.95
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Metadata cache capacity on {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) is utilized for more than 95% for the last 15min"
+          description: "Metadata cache stores meta information about ingested time series - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#metrics-metadata.
+           When cache is overutilized, the oldest entries will be dropped out automatically. It may result into incomplete
+           response for /api/v1/metadata API calls. It doesn't impact regular queries or alerts. Cache size is controlled
+           via -storage.maxMetadataStorageSize cmd-line flag."
+
+      - alert: MetricNameStatsCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh
+        expr: |
+          vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} / vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} > 0.95
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Cache capacity for tracking metric names usage on {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) is utilized for more than 95% during the last 15min"
+          description: "Metric names usage cache stores information about unique metric names and how frequently they are queried - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage.
+           When cache is overutilized, it will stop tracking the new metric names. It has no other negative impact.
+           Usually, the number of unique metric names is very limited (thousands). The cache can be overutilized only if metric names
+           are changing too frequently or if the cache size is too low. There are following ways to mitigate cache overutilization:
+           - disable cache via `--storage.trackMetricNamesStats=false` flag, so metric names usage will stop tracking
+           - increase the cache size via `--storage.cacheSizeMetricNamesStats` flag
+           - reset the cache (see docs for details)"
+
+      - alert: IndexDBRecordsDrop
+        expr: increase(vm_indexdb_items_dropped_total[5m]) > 0
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "IndexDB skipped registering items during data ingestion with reason={{ $labels.reason }}."
+          description: |
+            VictoriaMetrics could skip registering new timeseries during ingestion if they fail the validation process. 
+            For example, `reason=too_long_item` means that time series cannot exceed 64KB. Please, reduce the number 
+            of labels or label values for such series. Or enforce these limits via `-maxLabelsPerTimeseries` and 
+            `-maxLabelValueLen` command-line flags.
+
+      - alert: TooManyTSIDMisses
+        expr: increase(vm_missing_tsids_for_metric_id_total[5m]) > 0
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Unexpected TSID misses for job \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes"
+          description: |
+            Unexpected TSID misses for \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes.
+            If this happens after unclean shutdown of VictoriaMetrics process (via \"kill -9\", OOM or power off),
+            then this is OK - the alert must go away in a few minutes after the restart.
+            Otherwise this may point to the corruption of index data.

deployment/docker/rules/alerts-health.yml

@@ -82,19 +82,6 @@ groups:
             Check the logs for the given target. Check also the \"location\" label at the vm_log_messages_total metric if -loggerLevel command-line flag is set to value other than INFO.
             This label contains code locations responsible for generating log messages suppressed by -loggerLevel.
 
-      - alert: TooManyTSIDMisses
-        expr: increase(vm_missing_tsids_for_metric_id_total[5m]) > 0
-        for: 15m
-        labels:
-          severity: critical
-        annotations:
-          summary: "Unexpected TSID misses for job \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes"
-          description: |
-            Unexpected TSID misses for \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes.
-            If this happens after unclean shutdown of VictoriaMetrics process (via \"kill -9\", OOM or power off),
-            then this is OK - the alert must go away in a few minutes after the restart.
-            Otherwise this may point to the corruption of index data.
-
       - alert: ConcurrentInsertsHitTheLimit
         expr: avg_over_time(vm_concurrent_insert_current[1m]) >= vm_concurrent_insert_capacity
         for: 15m
@@ -109,28 +96,6 @@ groups:
             making write attempts. If vmagent's or vminsert's CPU usage and network saturation are at normal level, then 
             it might be worth adjusting `-maxConcurrentInserts` cmd-line flag.
 
-      - alert: IndexDBRecordsDrop
-        expr: increase(vm_indexdb_items_dropped_total[5m]) > 0
-        labels:
-          severity: critical
-        annotations:
-          summary: "IndexDB skipped registering items during data ingestion with reason={{ $labels.reason }}."
-          description: | 
-            VictoriaMetrics could skip registering new timeseries during ingestion if they fail the validation process. 
-            For example, `reason=too_long_item` means that time series cannot exceed 64KB. Please, reduce the number 
-            of labels or label values for such series. Or enforce these limits via `-maxLabelsPerTimeseries` and 
-            `-maxLabelValueLen` command-line flags.
-
-      - alert: RowsRejectedOnIngestion
-        expr: rate(vm_rows_ignored_total[5m]) > 0
-        for: 15m
-        labels:
-          severity: warning
-        annotations:
-          summary: "Some rows are rejected on \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" on ingestion attempt"
-          description: "Ingested rows on instance \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" are rejected due to the
-            following reason: \"{{ $labels.reason }}\""
-
       - alert: TooHighQueryLoad
         expr: increase(vm_concurrent_select_limit_timeout_total[5m]) > 0
         for: 15m
@@ -148,3 +113,14 @@ groups:
             * increase compute resources or number of replicas;
             * adjust limits `-search.maxConcurrentRequests` and `-search.maxQueueDuration`.
             See more at https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/troubleshooting/#slow-queries.
+
+      - alert: RowsRejectedOnIngestion
+        expr: rate(vm_rows_ignored_total[5m]) > 0
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Some rows are rejected on \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" on ingestion attempt"
+          description: "Ingested rows on instance \"{{ $labels.instance }}\" are rejected due to the
+            following reason: \"{{ $labels.reason }}\""
+

deployment/docker/rules/alerts-single-node.yml

@@ -148,4 +148,45 @@ groups:
           description: "Metadata cache stores meta information about ingested time series - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#metrics-metadata.
            When cache is overutilized, the oldest entries will be dropped out automatically. It may result into incomplete
            response for /api/v1/metadata API calls. It doesn't impact regular queries or alerts. Cache size is controlled
-           via -storage.maxMetadataStorageSize cmd-line flag."
+           via -storage.maxMetadataStorageSize cmd-line flag."
+
+      - alert: MetricNameStatsCacheUtilizationIsTooHigh
+        expr: |
+          vm_cache_size_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} / vm_cache_size_max_bytes{type="storage/metricNamesStatsTracker"} > 0.95
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Cache capacity for tracking metric names usage on {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) is utilized for more than 95% during the last 15min"
+          description: "Metric names usage cache stores information about unique metric names and how frequently they are queried - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/#track-ingested-metrics-usage.
+           When cache is overutilized, it will stop tracking the new metric names. It has no other negative impact.
+           Usually, the number of unique metric names is very limited (thousands). The cache can be overutilized only if metric names
+           are changing too frequently or if the cache size is too low. There are following ways to mitigate cache overutilization:
+           - disable cache via `--storage.trackMetricNamesStats=false` flag, so metric names usage will stop tracking
+           - increase the cache size via `--storage.cacheSizeMetricNamesStats` flag
+           - reset the cache (see docs for details)"
+
+      - alert: IndexDBRecordsDrop
+        expr: increase(vm_indexdb_items_dropped_total[5m]) > 0
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "IndexDB skipped registering items during data ingestion with reason={{ $labels.reason }}."
+          description: |
+            VictoriaMetrics could skip registering new timeseries during ingestion if they fail the validation process. 
+            For example, `reason=too_long_item` means that time series cannot exceed 64KB. Please, reduce the number 
+            of labels or label values for such series. Or enforce these limits via `-maxLabelsPerTimeseries` and 
+            `-maxLabelValueLen` command-line flags.
+
+      - alert: TooManyTSIDMisses
+        expr: increase(vm_missing_tsids_for_metric_id_total[5m]) > 0
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Unexpected TSID misses for job \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes"
+          description: |
+            Unexpected TSID misses for \"{{ $labels.job }}\" ({{ $labels.instance }}) for the last 15 minutes.
+            If this happens after unclean shutdown of VictoriaMetrics process (via \"kill -9\", OOM or power off),
+            then this is OK - the alert must go away in a few minutes after the restart.
+            Otherwise this may point to the corruption of index data.

deployment/docker/vmanomaly/vmanomaly-integration/compose.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
   vmagent:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmagent:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmagent:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "victoriametrics"
     ports:
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ services:
     restart: always
 
   victoriametrics:
-    image: victoriametrics/victoria-metrics:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/victoria-metrics:v1.142.0
     ports:
       - 8428:8428
     volumes:
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ services:
     restart: always
 
   vmalert:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmalert:v1.140.0
+    image: victoriametrics/vmalert:v1.142.0
     depends_on:
       - "victoriametrics"
     ports:
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ services:
       - '--external.alert.source=explore?orgId=1&left=["now-1h","now","VictoriaMetrics",{"expr": },{"mode":"Metrics"},{"ui":[true,true,true,"none"]}]'
     restart: always
   vmanomaly:
-    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2
+    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3
     depends_on:
       - "victoriametrics"
     ports:

docs/ai-tools/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
-VictoriaMetrics Observability Stack integrates with AI assistants through MCP servers and agent skills.
-These integrations allow AI agents and automation tools to query metrics, logs, and traces, analyze telemetry data, 
-and assist engineers with debugging and observability tasks.
+VictoriaMetrics Observability Stack integrates with AI assistants through [MCP servers](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/ai-tools/#mcp-servers)
+and [agent skills](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/ai-tools/#agent-skills).
+The integrations allow AI agents and automation tools to query Metrics, Logs, and Traces, analyze telemetry data, 
+and assist engineers with debugging, observability tasks, root cause analysis, anomaly detection, etc.
+
+Support of [OpenTelemetry](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/opentelemetry/) for Metrics, Logs, and Traces
+makes VictoriaMetrics Observability Stack optimal for [AI observability](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/ai-tools/#ai-observability).
+Any SDK or AI assistant that can emit telemetry signals in OpenTelemetry format can be integrated with VictoriaMetrics.
 
 # MCP Servers
 
@@ -72,7 +77,6 @@ Capabilities include:
 
 See more details at [VictoriaMetrics/mcp-vmanomaly](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/mcp-vmanomaly).
 
-
 # Agent Skills
 
 [Agent skills](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/skills) help AI agents and automation tools understand, operate, 
@@ -90,4 +94,17 @@ To install the available skills for AI agents, run:
 npx skills add VictoriaMetrics/skills
 ```
 
-See more details at [VictoriaMetrics/skills](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/skills).
+See more details at [VictoriaMetrics/skills](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/skills).
+
+# AI observability
+
+VictoriaMetrics Observability Stack is optimal for monitoring AI agents using auto-instrumentation libraries
+like [OpenLLMetry](https://github.com/traceloop/openllmetry), [OpenInference](https://github.com/Arize-ai/openinference),
+[OpenLIT](https://victoriametrics.com/blog/ai-agents-observability/#using-openlit).
+Please see more details in [AI Agents Observability with OpenTelemetry and the VictoriaMetrics Stack](https://victoriametrics.com/blog/ai-agents-observability).
+
+AI code assistants like Claude Code, OpenAI Codex, Gemini CLI, Qwen Code, and OpenCode expose internal telemetry that
+helps to monitor cost usage, analytics, performance, compliance and improves troubleshooting experience. All major
+AI coding tools support OpenTelemetry and can be easily integrated into VictoriaMetrics Observability Stack.
+Please see more details in [Vibe coding tools observability with VictoriaMetrics Stack and OpenTelemetry
+](https://victoriametrics.com/blog/vibe-coding-observability/).

docs/anomaly-detection/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ aliases:
 ---
 Please find the changelog for VictoriaMetrics Anomaly Detection below.
 
+## v1.29.3
+Released: 2026-04-16
+
+- UI: Updated [vmanomaly UI](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/ui/) from [v1.6.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/ui/#v160) to [v1.6.1](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/ui/#v161), see respective [release notes](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/ui/#v161) for details.
+
 ## v1.29.2
 Released: 2026-04-02
 

docs/anomaly-detection/FAQ.md

@@ -48,13 +48,15 @@ Please see example graph illustrating this logic below:
 
 ## What data does vmanomaly operate on?
 
-`vmanomaly` operates on timeseries (metrics) data, and supports both **VictoriaMetrics** and **VictoriaLogs** as data sources. Choose the source depending on the use case.
+> [!NOTE]
+> `vmanomaly` operates on timeseries (metrics) data, and supports both **VictoriaMetrics** and **VictoriaLogs/VictoriaTraces** as data sources to get metrics-compatible data. Choose the source depending on the use case. Single-node / Cluster and OpenSource / Enterprise datasources are supported as well, `vmanomaly` is compatible with both, yet itself requires an [Enterprise license](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/) to run.
 
 **VictoriaMetrics (metrics):** use full [MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/metricsql/) for selection, sampling, and processing; [global filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/single-server-victoriametrics/#prometheus-querying-api-enhancements) are also supported. See the [VmReader](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vm-reader) for the details.
 
-**VictoriaLogs (logs → metrics):** {{% available_from "v1.26.0" anomaly %}} use [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) via the [`VLogsReader`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vlogs-reader) to create log-derived metrics for anomaly detection (e.g., error rates, request latencies). 
+**VictoriaLogs (logs → metrics):** {{% available_from "v1.26.0" anomaly %}} use [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) via the [`VLogsReader`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#vlogs-reader) to create log-derived or traces-derived metrics for anomaly detection (e.g., error rates, request latencies, error spans count). 
 
-> Please note that only LogsQL queries with [stats pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe)  functions [subset](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#valid-stats-functions) are supported, as they produce **numeric** time series.
+> [!NOTE]
+> Please note that only LogsQL queries with [stats pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) functions [subset](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/reader/#valid-stats-functions) are supported, as they produce **numeric** time series.
 
 
 ## Using offsets
@@ -421,7 +423,7 @@ services:
   # ...
   vmanomaly:
     container_name: vmanomaly
-    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2
+    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3
     # ...
     restart: always
     volumes:
@@ -639,7 +641,7 @@ options:
 Here’s an example of using the config splitter to divide configurations based on the `extra_filters` argument from the reader section:
 
 ```sh
-docker pull victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2 && docker image tag victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2 vmanomaly
+docker pull victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3 && docker image tag victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3 vmanomaly
 ```
 
 ```sh

docs/anomaly-detection/Migration.md

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ There are 2 types of compatibility to consider when migrating in stateful mode:
 
 | Group start | Group end | Compatibility | Notes |
 |---------|--------- |------------|-------|
-| [v1.29.2](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1292) | Latest* | Fully Compatible | Just a placeholder for new releases |
-| [v1.29.1](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1291) | [v1.29.2](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1292) | Fully Compatible | - |
+| [v1.29.3](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1293) | Latest* | Fully Compatible | Just a placeholder for new releases |
+| [v1.29.1](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1291) | [v1.29.3](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1293) | Fully Compatible | - |
 | [v1.28.7](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1287) | [v1.29.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1290) | Partially compatible* | Dumped models of class [prophet](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#prophet) and [seasonal quantile](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-seasonal-quantile) have problems with loading to [v1.29.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1290) due to dropped `pytz` library. **Upgrading directly from v1.28.7 to [v1.29.1](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1291) with a fix is suggested** |
 | [v1.26.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1262) | [v1.28.7](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1287) | Fully Compatible | [v1.28.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1280) introduced [rolling](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#rolling-models) model class drop in favor of [online](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#online-models) models (`rolling_quantile` and `std` models), however, it does not impact compatibility, as artifacts were not produced by default for rolling models. Also, offline `mad` and `zscore` models are redirecting to their respective online counterparts since [v1.28.4](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1284). |
 | [v1.25.3](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1253) | [v1.26.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1270) | Partially Compatible* | [v1.25.3](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1253) introduced `forecast_at` argument for base [univariate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#univariate-models) and `Prophet` [models](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/components/models/#prophet), however, itself remains backward-reversible from newer states like [v1.26.2](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1262), [v1.27.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1270). (All models except `isolation_forest_multivariate` class will be dropped) |
@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ In stateless mode, the migration process is almost straightforward as there are
     # Other VmReader settings...
     sampling_period: 1m
     ...
-  ```
+  ```

docs/anomaly-detection/QuickStart.md

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Below are the steps to get `vmanomaly` up and running inside a Docker container:
 1. Pull Docker image:
 
 ```sh
-docker pull victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2
+docker pull victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3
 ```
 
 2. Create the license file with your license key.
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ docker run -it \
     -v ./license:/license \
     -v ./config.yaml:/config.yaml \
     -p 8490:8490 \
-    victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2 \
+    victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3 \
     /config.yaml \
     --licenseFile=/license \
     --loggerLevel=INFO \
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ docker run -it \
     -e VMANOMALY_DATA_DUMPS_DIR=/tmp/vmanomaly/data \
     -e VMANOMALY_MODEL_DUMPS_DIR=/tmp/vmanomaly/models \
     -p 8490:8490 \
-    victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2 \
+    victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3 \
     /config.yaml \
     --licenseFile=/license \
     --loggerLevel=INFO \
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ services:
   # ...
   vmanomaly:
     container_name: vmanomaly
-    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2
+    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3
     # ...
     restart: always
     volumes:

docs/anomaly-detection/README.md

@@ -9,14 +9,17 @@ sitemap:
 
 In today's fast-paced and complex landscape of system monitoring, [VictoriaMetrics Anomaly Detection](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/anomaly-detection/) (`vmanomaly`), a part of our [Enterprise offering](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/), serves as an **observability layer** for SREs and DevOps teams atop of collected data to **automate the detection of anomalies in time-series data**, reducing manual efforts required to identify abnormal system behavior.
 
-Unlike traditional threshold-based alerting, which relies on **raw metric values** and requires constant tuning and maintenance of thresholds and alerting rules, `vmanomaly` introduces a **unified, interpretable [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score)** - a **de-trended, de-seasonalized metric** generated through machine learning. This approach eliminates the need for frequent manual adjustments by enabling **stable, long-term static thresholds (as simple as `anomaly_score > 1`)** that remain effective over time through continuous model retraining.
+Unlike traditional threshold-based alerting, which relies on **raw metric values** and requires constant tuning and maintenance of thresholds and alerting rules, `vmanomaly` introduces a **unified, interpretable [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score)** - a **de-trended, de-seasonalized metric** generated through machine learning. This approach eliminates the need for frequent manual adjustments by enabling **stable, long-term static thresholds (as simple as `anomaly_score > 1`)** that remain effective over time through continuous model retraining and updates.
 
 By shifting to anomaly-based detection, teams can **identify and respond to potential issues faster**, enhancing system reliability and operational efficiency while significantly **reducing the engineering effort spent on handcrafting and maintaining alerting rules**.
 
 
 ## What does it do?
 
-`vmanomaly` is designed to **periodically analyze new data points** across selected metrics (either requested from [VictoriaMetrics TSDB](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/) or produced by [VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/) metrics [endpoint](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-log-range-stats)), generating a **unified metric** called [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score). 
+`vmanomaly` is designed to **periodically analyze new data points** across selected metrics - either requested from [VictoriaMetrics TSDB](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriametrics/) or produced by [VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/) or [VictoriaTraces](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victoriatraces/) metrics [endpoint](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-log-range-stats) - to generate a **unified metric** called [anomaly score](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/faq/#what-is-anomaly-score).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> `vmanomaly` can use both single-node and cluster versions of VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaLogs/VictoriaTraces as a data source, and is compatible with both OpenSource and Enterprise versions of it. However, `vmanomaly` itself requires an Enterprise license to run, and is part of our [Enterprise offering](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/).
 
 Key functions:
 - **Automated anomaly detection** - continuously scans time-series data to identify deviations from expected behavior.

docs/anomaly-detection/UI.md

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ docker run -it --rm \
   -e VMANOMALY_MCP_SERVER_URL=http://mcp-vmanomaly:8081/mcp \
   -p 8080:8080 \
   -p 8490:8490 \
-  victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2 \
+  victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3 \
   vmanomaly_config.yaml
 ```
 
@@ -640,6 +640,23 @@ If the **results** look good and the **model configuration should be deployed in
 
 ## Changelog
 
+### v1.6.1
+Released: 2026-04-16
+
+vmanomaly version: [v1.29.3](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/anomaly-detection/changelog/#v1293)
+
+- IMPROVEMENT: Consecutive anomalies (when "streaks" option is enabled) are now grouped in the Visualization Panel as a single anomaly line instead of multiple dots for reduced visual noise and better representation of prolonged anomalous periods, while still showing the exact anomaly score and labels on hover.
+
+- IMPROVEMENT: Raw query results now refresh automatically after time range changes; yet anomaly detection results are preserved until "Detect Anomalies" button is hit again, to avoid recalculating anomalies on the new time range without explicit user action, which could be costly if the new time range is large and the model is complex.
+
+- IMPROVEMENT: Table legend view is now enabled by default for sorting and filtering enablement.
+
+- BUGFIX: Generated config and example alert outputs now preserve configured fit/infer values correctly and avoid invalid float-based duration strings in generated YAML, which could lead to data validation errors if copied to production configuration without adjustments.
+
+- BUGFIX: Fixed multiple confusing anomaly UI behaviors around scheduler fields (fit_every, infer_every) and generated artifacts.
+
+- BUGFIX: Chart y-axis range is now updating after legend series selection (regression introduced in v1.6.0).
+
 ### v1.6.0
 Released: 2026-04-02
 

docs/anomaly-detection/guides/guide-vmanomaly-vmalert/README.md

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ services:
     restart: always
   vmanomaly:
     container_name: vmanomaly
-    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.2
+    image: victoriametrics/vmanomaly:v1.29.3
     depends_on:
       - "victoriametrics"
     ports: